Journal of Pragmatics最新文献_第9页

A pragmatic analysis of discourse marker 넵 neyp ‘yep’ in Korean computer-mediated communication 韩语计算机媒介交际中话语标记词“是的”的语用分析

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.013

Mikyung Ahn , Foong Ha Yap

This study explores the diverse functions and contextual use of the Korean discourse marker 넵 neyp ‘yep’ in online conversations, highlighting its adaptation within digital communication contexts. Using data from the National Institute of Korean Language (NIKL) Online Conversation Corpus, the study identifies eight primary functions of 넵 neyp, namely, affirmation, acceptance, agreement, confirmation, acknowledgment, continuer, response to summons, and other-initiated repair. The findings reveal that 넵 neyp is not just a simple substitute for “yes,” but a versatile tool for managing conversational flow, building social rapport, and compensating for the absence of non-verbal cues in text-based interactions. By examining these functions, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of how linguistic practices evolve to meet the communicative demands of digital environments, shedding light on the interplay between technology, language, and social interaction. Additionally, the analysis shows that 넵 neyp is more frequently used in online conversations, in large part due to the consonant ㅂ (p), which conveys emphasis and engagement, fostering camaraderie and encouragement among participants. Furthermore, 넵 neyp maintains a polite and approachable tone, making it ideal for casual, professional, and semi-formal interactions, especially with strangers. This study offers insights into how digital environments shape language practices and highlights their role in bridging social distances in online contexts.

本研究探讨了韩语语篇标记词“是的”在在线对话中的不同功能和语境使用，强调了它在数字通信语境中的适应性。该研究使用了国立韩国语言研究所（NIKL）在线对话语料库的数据，确定了neyp的八个主要功能，即：肯定、接受、同意、确认、确认、继续、响应召唤和他人发起的修复。研究结果表明，neyp不仅仅是一个简单的“yes”的替代品，而且是一个管理会话流、建立社会关系和弥补基于文本的交互中缺乏非语言提示的多功能工具。通过研究这些功能，本研究有助于更深入地了解语言实践如何演变以满足数字环境的交际需求，揭示技术、语言和社会互动之间的相互作用。此外，分析显示，neyp在在线对话中使用得更频繁，这在很大程度上是由于辅音（），neyp传达了强调和参与，在参与者之间培养了友情和鼓励。此外，neyp保持了一种礼貌和平易近人的语气，使其成为休闲，专业和半正式互动的理想选择，特别是与陌生人。这项研究提供了数字环境如何塑造语言实践的见解，并强调了它们在网络环境中弥合社会距离的作用。

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引用次数: 0

How we are versus how we are feeling: The role of emotional intelligence and mood in reactions to impoliteness in L1 and L2 我们是如何与我们是如何感受的：情商和情绪在第一语言和第二语言中对不礼貌的反应中的作用

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.07.001

Nicola Claire McNab , Irini Mavrou

Previous (im)politeness research has tended to focus on socio-cultural influences, thus largely neglecting the role of individual differences. This study takes a socio-cognitive approach to investigate how personality––measured through emotional intelligence (EI)––, mood, and language (first versus second language) influence responses to impoliteness. The study was pre-registered prior to data collection and analysis. One hundred and four Spanish-English bilinguals completed an EI questionnaire and underwent mood induction, before responding to a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) involving ten impolite workplace scenarios. A mixed-methods approach was used, and data were analysed by means of mixed-effects regression models, Chi-squared tests, and content analysis. Sociability, a facet of EI, appeared to influence responses to impoliteness, possibly indicating individual levels of assertiveness played a role. Mood had an impact on response types, with participants in a negative mood responding with more offensive counter-attacks and those in a positive mood responding with more acceptance. However, offensive responses within the positive mood group were also found to utilise more bald on record impoliteness, thus suggesting cognitive processes do vary depending on mood. Language did not have an effect, perhaps signalling similarities between Spanish and English or lending support to the role of pragmatic transfer.

以往的礼貌研究倾向于关注社会文化的影响，从而在很大程度上忽视了个体差异的作用。本研究采用社会认知方法来调查个性（通过情商（EI）衡量）、情绪和语言（第一语言与第二语言）如何影响对不礼貌的反应。该研究在数据收集和分析之前进行了预登记。104名西班牙语-英语双语者完成了一份情商问卷，并进行了情绪诱导，然后对涉及10个不礼貌工作场景的话语完成任务（DCT）做出了回应。采用混合方法，通过混合效应回归模型、卡方检验和内容分析对数据进行分析。社交能力（情商的一个方面）似乎会影响对不礼貌行为的反应，这可能表明个人的自信程度起了作用。情绪对反应类型有影响，消极情绪的参与者会做出更具攻击性的反击，而积极情绪的参与者则会做出更多的接受。然而，在积极情绪组中，攻击性反应也被发现使用了更多的不礼貌行为，这表明认知过程确实因情绪而异。语言没有影响，也许表明了西班牙语和英语之间的相似性，或者为语用迁移的作用提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Gender attribution trouble in interaction about a gender ambiguous robot 性别模糊机器人交互中的性别归因问题

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.012

Wyke Stommel , Lynn de Rijk , Mieke Breukelman , Evi Dalmaijer , Marie Rickert

Gender attribution is related to the linguistic system of many languages, for instance in person reference. However, gender may also become relevant to what the participants are doing socially (action relevance). This article examines practices related to gender attribution in the context of a gender ambiguous robot. We examine how gender attribution to the robot emerges, unfolds and thus impacts the course of interaction. Our data consist of videorecorded Dutch interactions of two participants in the presence of a Pepper robot. We use Conversation Analysis as a method. Our analysis shows that gender attribution may involve interactional trouble. Sometimes, this is minimal (“or he or it”), marking uncertainty regarding the robot’s gender. But gender may surface more explicitly and even extensively in the case of gender negotiation and accounts that include gender assumptions (“in terms of figure I think it is more of a woman”). Such extended sequences are characterized by tensions: gender is constructed as an opinion versus a knowable; robot gender is deflected as irrelevant while gender relevance persists in the conversation. Overall, gender is treated as problematic and/or delicate, warranting a diversion from the ongoing activity. The recurrence of gender attribution talk in our data is striking in light of reported difficulty of capturing gender categorisation work in naturally-occurring interactions. Overall, deeply ingrained gender norms and their constitution in language and social interaction seem to surpass progressive robot design and may even create a context for the articulation of questionable gender assumptions.

性别归因与许多语言的语言系统有关，如人称指称。然而，性别也可能与参与者的社会行为相关（行动相关性）。本文探讨了在性别模糊机器人的背景下与性别归因相关的实践。我们研究了机器人的性别归属如何出现，展开，从而影响互动过程。我们的数据包括两名参与者在Pepper机器人面前的荷兰语互动视频。我们使用对话分析作为一种方法。我们的分析表明，性别归因可能涉及互动问题。有时，这是最小的（“或他或它”），标志着对机器人性别的不确定性。但是，在性别谈判和包含性别假设的账目中，性别可能会更明确、甚至更广泛地出现（“就数字而言，我认为它更像是一个女人”）。这种扩展序列的特点是紧张：性别被构建为一种意见与可知；机器人的性别被转移为无关紧要，而性别相关性在对话中持续存在。总的来说，性别问题被视为有问题和/或微妙的问题，因此有理由从正在进行的活动中转移注意力。鉴于在自然发生的相互作用中捕获性别分类工作的困难，我们的数据中性别归因谈话的重复是惊人的。总的来说，根深蒂固的性别规范及其在语言和社会互动中的构成似乎超越了进步的机器人设计，甚至可能为可疑的性别假设的表达创造了一个背景。

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引用次数: 0

Finnish [verb repeat + vai]: Its use as a newsmark and a challenge 芬兰语[动词repeat + vai]：用作新闻标记和挑战

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.009

Aino Koivisto

This article relates to the research on discourse particles in the field of pragmatics. More specifically, it discusses the different uses of a Finnish construction that consists of a verb repeat of the previous turn and the questioning discourse particle vai (e.g. on vai be-3 PRT). Although syntactically a question, previous studies have repeatedly characterized [verb repeat + vai] as a responsive action, that is, a newsmark or an assertion of ritualized disbelief. This study shows that [verb repeat + vai] is involved in a variety of related actions that differ with respect to whether they treat the prior talk as delivering (unexpected) news or whether they foreshadow problems of acceptability and thus function as initiations of repair. The important parameters are the action [verb repeat + vai] responds to (whether it is a piece of news or something else) and the speakers’ epistemic positionings with respect to the matter at hand. The data are in Finnish with English translations. The method is Conversation Analysis.

本文涉及语用学领域对语篇小品的研究。更具体地说，它讨论了芬兰语结构的不同用法，该结构由动词重复前一回合和疑问句语篇小品词vai（例如on vai be-3 PRT）组成。虽然从句法上来说，[动词repeat + vai]是一个问句，但以前的研究一再将[动词repeat + vai]描述为一个回应行为，也就是说，它是一个新闻标记或仪式化的不相信的断言。这项研究表明，[动词repeat + vai]参与了各种相关的动作，这些动作的不同之处在于，它们是将先前的谈话视为传递（意外的）消息，还是预示着可接受性问题，从而作为修复的开始。重要的参数是动作[动词repeat + vai]所回应的（无论它是一条新闻还是其他东西）以及说话者对手头问题的认知定位。这些数据是芬兰语的，有英语翻译。方法是对话分析。

引用次数: 0

The pragmatics of online healthcare communication: Politeness strategies in an anxiety and depression support community 网络医疗沟通的语用学：焦虑抑郁支持社区的礼貌策略

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.010

Annalisa Federici

This article investigates the use of politeness strategies in online peer communication within a support group focused on anxiety and depression. Although health communication has been widely studied across various platforms, the application of (im)politeness theory to health-related Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) remains relatively unexplored. Using Brown and Levinson's framework alongside the relational work model, the study shows that potentially face-threatening acts such as seeking and offering support or advice are frequently softened through politeness strategies like hedging, indirectness, and claiming common ground. Self-disclosure emerges as a key discursive practice that allows individuals to express vulnerability and request help/advice without overt imposition, while those offering responses often convey empathy and guidance through personal storytelling. Advice is commonly delivered indirectly – using declaratives or interrogatives – even when no explicit request is made, reflecting the importance of relational work in these interactions. Through close analysis of selected forum threads, the study illustrates how participants use brief personal narratives to foster solidarity, express emotional and informational support, and navigate the complexities of advice-giving/seeking in ways that minimise threat to self and others. These findings contribute to ongoing discussions on CMC in healthcare by showing how politeness strategies underpin interactional norms in online mental health communities. By combining linguistic and discourse-pragmatic perspectives, the study highlights the role of language in shaping supportive environments and managing relational dynamics in non-clinical, peer-driven settings.

这篇文章调查了礼貌策略在一个关注焦虑和抑郁的支持小组中的在线同伴交流中的使用。尽管健康沟通已经在各种平台上得到了广泛的研究，但（im）礼貌理论在健康相关的计算机媒介沟通（CMC）中的应用仍然相对未被探索。利用Brown和Levinson的框架和关系工作模型，该研究表明，寻求和提供支持或建议等潜在的威胁脸的行为，通常会通过回避、间接和寻求共同点等礼貌策略得到缓和。自我表露是一种关键的话语实践，它允许个人表达自己的脆弱，在不明显强加的情况下请求帮助/建议，而那些提供回应的人通常通过个人故事来传达同情和指导。建议通常是间接传递的——使用陈述句或疑问句——即使没有明确的请求，这反映了在这些交互中关系工作的重要性。通过对选定的论坛主题的仔细分析，该研究说明了参与者如何使用简短的个人叙述来促进团结，表达情感和信息支持，并以最大限度地减少对自己和他人的威胁的方式处理建议的复杂性。这些发现通过展示礼貌策略如何支撑在线心理健康社区的互动规范，为医疗保健中CMC的持续讨论做出了贡献。通过结合语言学和话语语用学的观点，该研究强调了语言在塑造支持性环境和管理非临床、同伴驱动环境中的关系动态方面的作用。

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引用次数: 0

A cross-cultural study of the dynamic multimodal metadiscourse used by American and Chinese NEV corporates on X 中美新能源汽车企业在X上动态多模态元语篇的跨文化研究

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.011

Xingsong Shi, Yiran Hou

Social media has revolutionized corporates’ approach to self-promotion, yet the multimodal construction of corporate discourse on social media has hardly been fully explored from either linguistic or intercultural perspectives. To explore how corporates use routine social media posts as dynamic sites of international branding, this study conducts an intercultural pragmatic investigation on how New Energy Vehicle (NEV) giants Tesla (U.S.) and BYD Auto (China, hereafter BYD) employ multimodal metadiscourse to navigate their corporate communication on X. The study extends Hyland’s interactional metadiscourse framework into the multimodal realm, integrating multi-semiotic modes such as text, pictures, emojis, hashtags, @mentions. In addition, by constructing a more inclusive multimodal metadiscourse framework, the study innovatively conducts frame-by-frame dissection of videos presented by the companies on X. Through examining the dynamic visual-textual interplay in 600 posts (300 per company), this study uncovers the profound influence of cultural values on the corporates’ patterns of deploying multimodal metadiscourse strategies. Among various differences observed, BYD’s preference for visualized pictures and videos reflects China’s high-context culture, whereas Tesla’s frequent use of emojis and other-mention pronouns aligns with the individualistic, low-context and low power distance cultural orientations in the U.S. The unignorable pragmatic functions of dynamic multimodal metadiscourse markers are scrutinized and highlighted, and the theoretical and pragmatic implications are discussed.

社交媒体彻底改变了企业的自我推销方式，但从语言或跨文化的角度来看，社交媒体上企业话语的多模态构建几乎没有得到充分的探索。为了探索企业如何将日常社交媒体帖子作为国际品牌的动态站点，本研究对新能源汽车（NEV）巨头特斯拉（美国）和比亚迪汽车（中国，以下简称比亚迪）如何使用多模态元话语来引导x上的企业传播进行了跨文化语用调查。本研究将海兰的互动元话语框架扩展到多模态领域，整合了文本、图片、表情符号、标签、@提到。此外，通过构建更具包容性的多模态元话语框架，本研究创新性地对企业在x上发布的视频进行逐帧剖析。通过对600篇（每家公司300篇）帖子的动态视觉-文本相互作用的研究，揭示了文化价值观对企业部署多模态元话语策略模式的深刻影响。在观察到的各种差异中，比亚迪对可视化图片和视频的偏好反映了中国的高语境文化，而特斯拉频繁使用表情符号和其他提及代词符合美国的个人主义、低语境和低权力距离的文化取向。研究并强调了动态多模态元话语标记不可忽视的语用功能，并讨论了其理论和语用意义。

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引用次数: 0

From elevation to identifiability: Topography as discourse-cognitive signposting 从高度到可识别性：地形作为话语认知路标

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.008

Manuel David González Pérez

Spatial communication has been at the forefront of recent research in the linguistic, anthropological and cognitive sciences. Independently, a great deal of attention has been devoted to linguistic resources, including spatial language, deployed to structure and organise discourse and conversation. Demonstrative systems are relevant to both lines of enquiry because they can express spatial meanings to locate referents in the real-world (aka exophoric uses) whilst at the same time exhibiting discourse-structuring functions that help speakers and hearers keep track of what has been said (aka endophoric uses). Situated at the intersection between both paradigms, the present article presents novel empirical data on Phola geophysical deixis with a twofold focus. After providing extensive multimodal evidence that Phola demonstratives encode elevation contrasts in a polysemous and pragmatically flexible manner, the discussion turns to their discourse-structuring functions, which are typologically rare. In particular, ke⁵⁵ ‘that down(hill)’ is found to exhibit article-like uses indexing referents that are already identified, that are easy to identify, or whose exophoric identity is irrelevant. Both the spatial underspecification of Phola geophysical demonstratives and their discourse–interactional properties shed new light on the interplay between exophoric and endophoric uses and the fluidity between spatial cognition and more abstract cognitive processes.

空间交流一直是语言学、人类学和认知科学研究的前沿。另外，语言资源（包括空间语言）也被用于构建和组织语篇和对话。指示系统与这两种研究方向都相关，因为它们可以表达空间意义，以定位现实世界中的指涉物（即外指用法），同时展示话语结构功能，帮助说话者和听者跟踪所说的内容（即内指用法）。位于两种范式之间的交叉点，本文提出了具有双重焦点的Phola地球物理指示的新经验数据。在提供了广泛的多模态证据，证明Phola指示语以多义和灵活的语用方式编码提升对比之后，讨论转向它们在类型学上罕见的话语结构功能。特别是，ke55 ‘ that down(hill) ’被发现表现出类似文章的用法，索引已经确定的，容易确定的，或者其外部身份无关的指示物。Phola地球物理指示语的空间不规范及其话语相互作用特性为外显和内显使用之间的相互作用以及空间认知与更抽象的认知过程之间的流动性提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

The stigma enigma: When the personal (dative) is political 耻辱之谜：当个人的（与格）是政治的

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.006

Laurence R. Horn

This study focuses on two variably stigmatized constructions in non-mainstream English and the implications for social pragmatics of how these constructions and their users are assessed. Unlike non-standard constructions broadly viewed as “bad English”, non-polarity anymore (Gas is really expensive anymore) and personal datives (I need me a new phone) are not stigmatized within the relevant core speech communities. When noticed by out-group speakers, however, such constructions are typically judged as incorrect and their users as illiterate or uneducated. Such expressions and constructions function as both positive and negative markers of group identity. In-group speakers are sensitive to the contempt and inauthenticity of out-group “elitist” politicians and recording artists who impersonate the non-standard speakers they view as uneducated hicks. The divergent social meanings assigned to a given usage in different contexts parallel the distinct social meanings carried by ethnic and gendered slurs based on who “owns” the expressions in question and on power and status asymmetries. Extending Nunberg 2018, it is argued that the derogation associated with both slurs and appropriated constructions arises as a Manner implicature illustrating “ventriloquism”, a practice by which speakers affiliate themselves with a like-minded community of bigots and linguistic profilers.

本研究主要关注非主流英语中两种不同的污名化结构，以及如何评估这些结构及其使用者对社会语用学的影响。与被广泛视为“糟糕英语”的非标准结构不同，无极性（天然气真的很贵了）和人称形容词（我需要一部新手机）在相关的核心语言社区中不会受到歧视。然而，当被群体外的说话者注意到时，这种结构通常被判断为不正确，其使用者是文盲或未受过教育的。这些表达和结构既是群体认同的积极标志，也是消极标志。群体内的演讲者对群体外的“精英”政治家和录音艺术家的蔑视和不真实很敏感，这些人模仿他们认为没有受过教育的乡巴佬的非标准演讲者。在不同的语境中，给定用法的不同社会意义与种族和性别侮辱所承载的不同社会意义是平行的，这是基于谁“拥有”所讨论的表达以及权力和地位的不对称。延伸Nunberg 2018，认为与辱骂和挪用结构相关的贬损是一种方式暗示，说明了“腹语”，一种说话者将自己与志同道合的偏执狂和语言剖析者联系在一起的做法。

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引用次数: 0

Wait, espera, peraí: Signalling discourse model misalignment in English, Spanish, and Portuguese 等等，espera， peraí：英语，西班牙语和葡萄牙语中的信号语篇模型偏差

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.007

Mark Hoff , Scott A. Schwenter

English wait and Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese espera/pera/peraí ‘wait (there)’ are derived from imperatives that signal physical waiting. Using examples from tweets, text messages, and spoken interactions, we offer an exploratory investigation of the metadiscursive functions of these wait-forms as discourse markers that signal the need to pause and adjust interlocutors' mental discourse models of the common ground (CG) before proceeding.

We show that wait-forms appear in dialogues and monologues, to signal misalignment with an interlocutor or with one's own expectations, and can be triggered by both linguistic and non-linguistic material in the CG or a speaker's own mental model. Wait-forms introduce expressions of surprisal, challenge presuppositions, refer back to unresolved discursive material, and convey sarcasm—all of which share the core pragmatic effect of initiating repair of a perceived misalignment in speakers' mental models of the ongoing discourse. Tests of pragmatic function show that these wait-forms are constrained to refer to content assumed to be part of the CG (Wait, didn't you hear the news?) and that their removal results in loss of an important pragmatic cue that relates the upcoming modification to existing CG content.

Our analysis contributes to the body of pragmatic-typological literature on the cross-linguistic uniformity of discursive repair strategies. It goes beyond this research, however, in highlighting the role that discourse markers can play in CG management in dialogues, and furthermore demonstrating their capacity to indicate self-initiated misalignment of a speaker's mental model in monologues, despite the origins of these forms as addressee-oriented imperatives.

英语的wait，西班牙语和巴西葡萄牙语的espera/pera/peraí ‘ wait (there) ’来自于表示身体等待的祈使句。我们以推文、短信和口语互动为例，对这些等待形式的元话语功能进行了探索性调查，这些等待形式作为话语标记，表明在继续对话之前需要暂停和调整对话者的公共基础（CG）心理话语模型。我们表明，等待形式出现在对话和独白中，表明与对话者或自己的期望不一致，并且可以由CG中的语言和非语言材料或说话者自己的心理模型触发。等待形式引入了惊讶的表达，挑战预设，引用未解决的话语材料，并传达讽刺——所有这些都具有核心的语用效果，即在说话者对正在进行的话语的心理模型中开始修复感知到的偏差。对语用功能的测试表明，这些等待表单被限制为引用假定为CG一部分的内容（等等，您没有听到这个消息吗？），删除它们会导致丢失一个重要的语用线索，该线索将即将进行的修改与现有的CG内容联系起来。我们的分析为语用类型学研究语篇修复策略的跨语言一致性做出了贡献。然而，它超越了这项研究，强调了话语标记在对话中的CG管理中所起的作用，并进一步证明了它们在独白中表明说话者心理模型自我失调的能力，尽管这些形式起源于以收件人为导向的命令。

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引用次数: 0

Style markers in speech act realization: A corpus-based analysis of the cute style sajiao in Chinese 言语行为实现中的风格标记：基于语料库的汉语可爱风格撒娇分析

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.06.002

Jueyun Su

Previous empirical studies have revealed variation in speech act realization. A common methodological approach involves coding strategy and modification types used in particular scenarios to quantify variation at the actional level. This study adopts a novel approach by focusing on first-order style labels rather than particular speech acts, speaker types, or contexts to investigate style-specific patterns in speech act realization. Specifically, style markers related to speech act realization, including internal lexical modifiers and semantic formulas, are identified through concordance analysis of keywords and key clusters generated by comparing a target corpus of style-specific speech with a reference corpus of other styles. This style marker analysis is applied to examine sajiao (‘act cute’), a widely practiced and culturally significant communication style in (Mandarin) Chinese associated with cuteness, childlikeness, and femininity, yet sometimes evoking negative perceptions. The case study found internal lexical modifiers that align with previous research on sajiao, as well as semantic formulas that have received limited attention. These formulas appear in requests, refusals, emotives of longing, complaints, and compliments. The sajiao style indexes an in-group relationship, positioning the addressee as a caregiver. Alongside self-serving sajiao usage, corpus data also revealed: 1) strategic uses of sajiao for altruistic purposes, and 2) sajiao actors' obligation to reciprocate through expressions of appreciation and affection. Sajiao was also strategically used to reduce social distance with out-group members. The study suggests three key aspects of speech act realization: formal-level variation, the synergistic effects of co-occurring forms, and stylistic choices that deviate from dominant norms.

以往的实证研究揭示了言语行为实现的差异。一种常见的方法方法包括在特定场景中使用的编码策略和修改类型，以量化活动级别的变化。本研究采用一阶风格标签而非特定言语行为、说话人类型或语境来研究言语行为实现中的特定风格模式。具体而言，通过对特定风格语音的目标语料库与其他风格的参考语料库生成的关键词和关键聚类进行一致性分析，识别与言语行为实现相关的风格标记，包括内部词法修饰语和语义公式。这种风格标记分析被应用于检查撒娇（“表现得可爱”），这是一种广泛使用的文化交流方式，在（普通话）中国与可爱、孩子气和女性气质有关，但有时会引起负面看法。该案例研究发现了与先前关于撒娇的研究一致的内部词汇修饰语，以及受到有限关注的语义公式。这些公式出现在请求、拒绝、渴望、抱怨和赞美的情绪中。撒娇风格表明了一种群体内关系，将收件人定位为照顾者。除了自私自利的撒娇行为，语料库数据还揭示了：1)出于利他目的的策略性撒娇行为；2)撒娇行为者有义务通过表达欣赏和情感来回报他人。撒娇也被策略性地用于减少与外群体成员的社会距离。该研究提出了言语行为实现的三个关键方面：形式层面的变化，共同发生形式的协同效应，以及偏离主导规范的风格选择。

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引用次数: 0