To compare standard tests of haemostasis in hypercoagulable and normocoagulable sick dogs as identified by thromboelastography.
Materials and Methods
We compared prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimers, packed red blood cell volume and platelet counts in client-owned sick dogs with hypercoagulable (n = 36) and normocoagulable (n = 35) states as identified by thromboelastography maximum amplitude above or within the established reference interval, respectively.
Results
Seventy-one dogs were included. Thirty-six dogs were hypercoagulable and 35 were normocoagulable on thromboelastography. Using multivariable linear models, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and D-dimers were not associated with hypercoagulability. Platelet counts and packed red blood cell volume were significantly associated with hypercoagulability.
Clinical Significance
Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and D-dimers were not useful in the identification of hypercoagulability in dogs as defined by thromboelastography.
{"title":"Standard tests of haemostasis do not predict elevated thromboelastographic maximum amplitude, an index of hypercoagulability, in sick dogs","authors":"R. C. Clarkin-Breslin, N. V. Chalifoux, Y. Buriko","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13741","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13741","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare standard tests of haemostasis in hypercoagulable and normocoagulable sick dogs as identified by thromboelastography.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compared prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimers, packed red blood cell volume and platelet counts in client-owned sick dogs with hypercoagulable (<i>n</i> = 36) and normocoagulable (<i>n</i> = 35) states as identified by thromboelastography maximum amplitude above or within the established reference interval, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-one dogs were included. Thirty-six dogs were hypercoagulable and 35 were normocoagulable on thromboelastography. Using multivariable linear models, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and D-dimers were not associated with hypercoagulability. Platelet counts and packed red blood cell volume were significantly associated with hypercoagulability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and D-dimers were not useful in the identification of hypercoagulability in dogs as defined by thromboelastography.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 11","pages":"783-788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Romagnoli, N. Krekeler, K. de Cramer, M. Kutzler, R. McCarthy, S. Schaefer-Somi
<p>During the second half of the last century, dogs and cats have gained an important place in many households and their numbers have increased remarkably in many countries. While there are anecdotal estimates of pet ownership by country provided on websites and in the lay literature, there is a lack of peer-reviewed data on the actual world population of dogs and cats, both owned and unowned. These animals may easily reproduce once they achieve puberty if not constantly under control. Therefore, veterinarians are continuously presented with requests to contain or eliminate reproductive behaviour or fertility as a whole in owned dogs and cats.</p><p>The increased presence of small animals in our homes has been paralleled by an increase in dog and cat populations in suburban areas where free-roaming stray or unsupervised animals reproduce uncontrolled, causing public health concerns. Animal shelters in many areas are overcrowded by dogs and cats. Proactive rehoming, adoption and sterilisation policies are being promoted in many parts of the world. However, shelter populations seem to have remained stable and have, despite all these efforts, increased in some countries/areas/municipalities (Crawford et al., <span>2019</span>). Therefore, controlling dog and cat reproduction has always been a key issue for veterinarians working in animal welfare organisations and for small animal practitioners alike.</p><p>The historical approach to controlling dog and cat reproduction has been through surgical gonadectomy. For males, multiple surgical methods, approaches and means of haemostasis have been utilised with success and precise technique is generally based on surgeon experience and preference. For females, removal of all (ovariohysterectomy, OHE) or part (subtotal ovariohysterectomy; SOHE) of the uterus may be performed concomitantly with removal of the gonads. While many veterinary textbooks describe the OHE procedure with ligatures placed and subsequent transection made at the level of the uterine body, it is important to recognise that this is both anatomically and physiologically incorrect. Some portion of the uterus will inevitably remain in the patient and therefore what is being performed, is a SOHE (Mejia et al., <span>2020</span>). SOHE should be avoided as it exposes the female to the risk of developing a uterine stump condition should an ovarian remnant be present, or a progestogen treatment administered at a later date. Ovariectomy (OE) alone is quicker, uses a smaller incision and is associated with less potential complications (Okkens et al., <span>1997</span>). Consequently, in the absence of uterine pathology, and if lack of gonadal hormones is both predicted and desired, these guidelines recommend OE as the preferred surgical procedure for sterilisation of female dogs and cats.</p><p>Laparoscopic sterilisation is less painful and provides better visualisation of all pertinent structures, especially in small breed dogs. Owner familiarity
{"title":"WSAVA guidelines for the control of reproduction in dogs and cats","authors":"S. Romagnoli, N. Krekeler, K. de Cramer, M. Kutzler, R. McCarthy, S. Schaefer-Somi","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13724","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13724","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the second half of the last century, dogs and cats have gained an important place in many households and their numbers have increased remarkably in many countries. While there are anecdotal estimates of pet ownership by country provided on websites and in the lay literature, there is a lack of peer-reviewed data on the actual world population of dogs and cats, both owned and unowned. These animals may easily reproduce once they achieve puberty if not constantly under control. Therefore, veterinarians are continuously presented with requests to contain or eliminate reproductive behaviour or fertility as a whole in owned dogs and cats.</p><p>The increased presence of small animals in our homes has been paralleled by an increase in dog and cat populations in suburban areas where free-roaming stray or unsupervised animals reproduce uncontrolled, causing public health concerns. Animal shelters in many areas are overcrowded by dogs and cats. Proactive rehoming, adoption and sterilisation policies are being promoted in many parts of the world. However, shelter populations seem to have remained stable and have, despite all these efforts, increased in some countries/areas/municipalities (Crawford et al., <span>2019</span>). Therefore, controlling dog and cat reproduction has always been a key issue for veterinarians working in animal welfare organisations and for small animal practitioners alike.</p><p>The historical approach to controlling dog and cat reproduction has been through surgical gonadectomy. For males, multiple surgical methods, approaches and means of haemostasis have been utilised with success and precise technique is generally based on surgeon experience and preference. For females, removal of all (ovariohysterectomy, OHE) or part (subtotal ovariohysterectomy; SOHE) of the uterus may be performed concomitantly with removal of the gonads. While many veterinary textbooks describe the OHE procedure with ligatures placed and subsequent transection made at the level of the uterine body, it is important to recognise that this is both anatomically and physiologically incorrect. Some portion of the uterus will inevitably remain in the patient and therefore what is being performed, is a SOHE (Mejia et al., <span>2020</span>). SOHE should be avoided as it exposes the female to the risk of developing a uterine stump condition should an ovarian remnant be present, or a progestogen treatment administered at a later date. Ovariectomy (OE) alone is quicker, uses a smaller incision and is associated with less potential complications (Okkens et al., <span>1997</span>). Consequently, in the absence of uterine pathology, and if lack of gonadal hormones is both predicted and desired, these guidelines recommend OE as the preferred surgical procedure for sterilisation of female dogs and cats.</p><p>Laparoscopic sterilisation is less painful and provides better visualisation of all pertinent structures, especially in small breed dogs. Owner familiarity ","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 7","pages":"424-559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Morganti, G. Rigamonti, M. C. Marchesi, G. Maggi, G. Angeli, I. Moretta, L. Brustenga, M. Diaferia, F. Veronesi
Objectives
Studies in humans have demonstrated the role of Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite, in epileptic seizures. This study aimed to investigate the serological correlation between T. gondii and N. caninum and epilepsy in dogs.
Materials and Methods
The medical record database of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, was searched for dogs serologically tested by IFAT for T. gondii and N. caninum and following specific inclusion criteria. Dogs were stratified by having a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy or suffering different conditions.
Results
One-hundred and twenty-eight dogs were included, 64 with epilepsy and 64 without clinical signs of epilepsy. Seventeen of the 64 epileptic dogs (26.6%; 95% CI: 15.7% to 37.4%) and twenty-one of the 64 non-epileptic dogs (32.8%; 95% CI: 21.3% to 44.3%) tested positive for T. gondii. Eight of the epileptic dogs (12.5%; 95% CI: 4.4% to 20.6%) and three of the non-epileptic dogs (4.7%; 95% CI: 0% to 9.9%) tested positive for N. caninum. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of T. gondii or N. caninum seroreactivity between epileptic and non-epileptic dogs.
Clinical Significance
The results obtained do not seem to support the role of T. gondii and N. caninum as causative agents of dog epilepsy.
{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in epileptic dogs","authors":"G. Morganti, G. Rigamonti, M. C. Marchesi, G. Maggi, G. Angeli, I. Moretta, L. Brustenga, M. Diaferia, F. Veronesi","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13735","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13735","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies in humans have demonstrated the role of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, a protozoan parasite, in epileptic seizures. This study aimed to investigate the serological correlation between <i>T. gondii</i> and <i>N. caninum</i> and epilepsy in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The medical record database of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, was searched for dogs serologically tested by IFAT for <i>T. gondii</i> and <i>N. caninum</i> and following specific inclusion criteria. Dogs were stratified by having a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy or suffering different conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One-hundred and twenty-eight dogs were included, 64 with epilepsy and 64 without clinical signs of epilepsy. Seventeen of the 64 epileptic dogs (26.6%; 95% CI: 15.7% to 37.4%) and twenty-one of the 64 non-epileptic dogs (32.8%; 95% CI: 21.3% to 44.3%) tested positive for <i>T. gondii</i>. Eight of the epileptic dogs (12.5%; 95% CI: 4.4% to 20.6%) and three of the non-epileptic dogs (4.7%; 95% CI: 0% to 9.9%) tested positive for <i>N. caninum</i>. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of <i>T. gondii</i> or <i>N. caninum</i> seroreactivity between epileptic and non-epileptic dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results obtained do not seem to support the role of <i>T. gondii</i> and <i>N. caninum</i> as causative agents of dog epilepsy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 8","pages":"631-636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goals of this retrospective study were to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes in dogs with proximal femoral fractures, other than capital physeal fractures, treated via total hip arthroplasty.
Materials and Methods
Medical records as well as pre-operative, immediate post-operative and 2 to 3 months post-operative radiographs of 14 dogs with femoral head and neck fractures treated via total hip arthroplasty were reviewed. A Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs questionnaire was completed by owners to assess long-term outcomes.
Results
Seven femoral head fractures, and seven femoral neck fractures were included. Four of the femoral head fractures were acute in nature, the three remaining femoral head fractures and all seven femoral neck fracture cases were chronic fractures. Malorientation of the femoral stem was more common in the chronic femoral fracture cases when compared to the acute femoral fracture cases. Two of the acute fracture cases and five chronic fracture cases experienced a change in femoral stem position post-operatively. One femoral fissure fracture occurred and was repaired intraoperatively. One case had a post-operative complication that resulted in implant removal. All dogs had good to excellent owner-perceived outcome.
Clinical Significance
Femoral head and neck fractures, and in particular the chronic cases, represented a challenging subset of cases presenting for total hip arthroplasty, resulting in suboptimal stem alignment in many cases. However, clinical outcomes were considered good to excellent in all dogs in the study, indicating that total hip arthroplasty is a viable treatment option for these types of fractures.
研究目的这项回顾性研究旨在评估通过全髋关节置换术治疗股骨近端骨折（骨骺骨折除外）的犬的临床和影像学结果：对 14 只通过全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头和股骨颈骨折的狗的病历以及术前、术后即刻和术后 2 至 3 个月的 X 光片进行了审查。狗主人填写了利物浦犬骨关节炎问卷，以评估长期疗效：结果：共纳入七例股骨头骨折和七例股骨颈骨折。其中四例股骨头骨折为急性骨折，其余三例股骨头骨折和七例股骨颈骨折均为慢性骨折。与急性股骨骨折病例相比，慢性股骨骨折病例中股骨柄方向不正的情况更为常见。两例急性骨折病例和五例慢性骨折病例在术后股骨干位置发生了变化。有一例股骨裂缝骨折在术中得到了修复。一例术后并发症导致植入物被移除。所有犬只的术后效果都很好，甚至优于犬主的预期：临床意义：股骨头和股骨颈骨折，尤其是慢性股骨头和股骨颈骨折，是接受全髋关节置换术的病例中极具挑战性的一部分，导致许多病例的股骨柄对位不理想。然而，研究中所有犬只的临床结果都被认为是良好或极佳，这表明全髋关节置换术是治疗这类骨折的可行方案。
{"title":"Total hip arthroplasty for femoral fractures other than capital physeal fractures in dogs: 14 cases (2012-2020)","authors":"T. A. Adams, S. C. Jones, J. Dyce","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13740","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13740","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The goals of this retrospective study were to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes in dogs with proximal femoral fractures, other than capital physeal fractures, treated <i>via</i> total hip arthroplasty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records as well as pre-operative, immediate post-operative and 2 to 3 months post-operative radiographs of 14 dogs with femoral head and neck fractures treated <i>via</i> total hip arthroplasty were reviewed. A Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs questionnaire was completed by owners to assess long-term outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven femoral head fractures, and seven femoral neck fractures were included. Four of the femoral head fractures were acute in nature, the three remaining femoral head fractures and all seven femoral neck fracture cases were chronic fractures. Malorientation of the femoral stem was more common in the chronic femoral fracture cases when compared to the acute femoral fracture cases. Two of the acute fracture cases and five chronic fracture cases experienced a change in femoral stem position post-operatively. One femoral fissure fracture occurred and was repaired intraoperatively. One case had a post-operative complication that resulted in implant removal. All dogs had good to excellent owner-perceived outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Femoral head and neck fractures, and in particular the chronic cases, represented a challenging subset of cases presenting for total hip arthroplasty, resulting in suboptimal stem alignment in many cases. However, clinical outcomes were considered good to excellent in all dogs in the study, indicating that total hip arthroplasty is a viable treatment option for these types of fractures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 10","pages":"759-769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. L. Williams, C. Roberts, R. Harley, T. J. Gruffydd-Jones, J. K. Murray
Objectives
Prospectively collected data were used to estimate the prevalence of gingivitis in a cohort of companion cats aged up to 6 years and to investigate factors associated with the risk of gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years.
Materials and Methods
Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of domestic cats (the Bristol Cats Study), using owner-completed questionnaires and veterinary surgeon-completed oral health scores. Prevalence estimates of veterinary-reported gingivitis for cats aged up to 6 years old (n = 1534) were calculated for different age groups. Cat signalment, diet and dental care were assessed for association with gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years (n = 317) using univariable and multiple logistic regression.
Results
The prevalence of gingivitis increased with age and ranged from 24.5% (<12 months old) to 56.3% (5 to 6 years old). Odds of gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years were higher in cats fed a wet only or mixed wet/dry diet compared to dry only (odds ratio: 2.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 5.1), cats not reported to hunt compared to reported hunters (odds ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 4.2), cats reported to dribble whilst being stroked at age 6 months compared to reported non-dribblers (odds ratio: 3.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 8.4) and cats with orange variants in their coat colour compared to non-orange cats (odds ratio: 2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 5.3).
Clinical Significance
These results will help veterinary surgeons identify cats that may be at a greater risk of gingivitis and provide an evidence base to inform dietary and oral healthcare recommendations aimed at promoting gingival health in cats.
{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for gingivitis in a cohort of UK companion cats aged up to 6 years","authors":"J. L. Williams, C. Roberts, R. Harley, T. J. Gruffydd-Jones, J. K. Murray","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13737","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13737","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospectively collected data were used to estimate the prevalence of gingivitis in a cohort of companion cats aged up to 6 years and to investigate factors associated with the risk of gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of domestic cats (the Bristol Cats Study), using owner-completed questionnaires and veterinary surgeon-completed oral health scores. Prevalence estimates of veterinary-reported gingivitis for cats aged up to 6 years old (<i>n</i> = 1534) were calculated for different age groups. Cat signalment, diet and dental care were assessed for association with gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years (<i>n</i> = 317) using univariable and multiple logistic regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of gingivitis increased with age and ranged from 24.5% (<12 months old) to 56.3% (5 to 6 years old). Odds of gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years were higher in cats fed a wet only or mixed wet/dry diet compared to dry only (odds ratio: 2.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 5.1), cats not reported to hunt compared to reported hunters (odds ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 4.2), cats reported to dribble whilst being stroked at age 6 months compared to reported non-dribblers (odds ratio: 3.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 8.4) and cats with orange variants in their coat colour compared to non-orange cats (odds ratio: 2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 5.3).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results will help veterinary surgeons identify cats that may be at a greater risk of gingivitis and provide an evidence base to inform dietary and oral healthcare recommendations aimed at promoting gingival health in cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 8","pages":"605-614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concurrent anomalies are often found in nasopharyngeal stenosis and choanal atresia; some seem to be of primary nature, whereas others may be coincidental. This study aimed to report the computed tomography features and related comorbidities of these diseases.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed using case and control groups defined according to the presence of signs of upper airway disease and the presence/absence of nasopharyngeal stenosis, respectively. The inclusion criteria were full-head tomography scans and access to clinical records. The exclusion criteria were brachycephalic breed, head trauma and neoplasm. Clinical and computed tomographic findings and relevant comorbidities were recorded.
Results
Forty-three cats were included, 23 cases and 20 controls. The case group was significantly younger, had more paranasal sinus anomalies and never had turbinate lysis, also, had significantly more soft palate anomalies, which was significantly shorter. Nasopharyngeal stenosis varied from membrane appearance to partial or complete adhesion of the soft palate to the nasopharynx, was mainly located in the caudal region of the nasopharynx and was imperforated in approximately half of the cases. Imperforated membranes were significantly thicker in the sagittal plane and were significantly associated with nasal obstruction and soft tissue attenuation of the tympanic bulla. Hiatal hernia and ventricular asymmetry were only encountered in three and two cases, respectively, with nasopharyngeal stenosis.
Clinical Significance
Computed tomography in cats with nasopharyngeal stenosis can identify concurrent anomalies, can help to differentiate a possible choanal atresia and evaluate the magnitude of its significance.
{"title":"Clinical and computed tomography findings in cats with nasopharyngeal stenosis","authors":"L. Mestrinho, R. Fonseca","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13739","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13739","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Concurrent anomalies are often found in nasopharyngeal stenosis and choanal atresia; some seem to be of primary nature, whereas others may be coincidental. This study aimed to report the computed tomography features and related comorbidities of these diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed using case and control groups defined according to the presence of signs of upper airway disease and the presence/absence of nasopharyngeal stenosis, respectively. The inclusion criteria were full-head tomography scans and access to clinical records. The exclusion criteria were brachycephalic breed, head trauma and neoplasm. Clinical and computed tomographic findings and relevant comorbidities were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-three cats were included, 23 cases and 20 controls. The case group was significantly younger, had more paranasal sinus anomalies and never had turbinate lysis, also, had significantly more soft palate anomalies, which was significantly shorter. Nasopharyngeal stenosis varied from membrane appearance to partial or complete adhesion of the soft palate to the nasopharynx, was mainly located in the caudal region of the nasopharynx and was imperforated in approximately half of the cases. Imperforated membranes were significantly thicker in the sagittal plane and were significantly associated with nasal obstruction and soft tissue attenuation of the tympanic bulla. Hiatal hernia and ventricular asymmetry were only encountered in three and two cases, respectively, with nasopharyngeal stenosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Computed tomography in cats with nasopharyngeal stenosis can identify concurrent anomalies, can help to differentiate a possible choanal atresia and evaluate the magnitude of its significance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 9","pages":"667-674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140908554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diffuse muscular metastasis in a dog with a cutaneous mast cell tumour","authors":"I. Aledón-Català, P. Ziobro, P. S. Frezoulis","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13738","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 9","pages":"718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140908603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To determine the rate of accidental placement of nasoenteric tubes into the respiratory tract. To compare the methods of checking correct tube placement. To compare the complication rates between nasoesophageal and nasogastric tubes.
Materials and Methods
Animals requiring nasoenteric feeding tubes were prospectively randomised to have either nasoesophageal or nasogastric tube placement. Various techniques for assessing tube position were compared with thoracic radiographic findings. Complications during placement and use were recorded.
Results
Ninety-seven animals (82 dogs and 15 cats) were studied. The tube was misplaced into the respiratory tract in three (3.1%) cases. No technique for checking placement was completely concordant with radiography but the presence of negative pressure at the thoracic inlet during placement was consistent with the presence of the tube in the oesophagus in 86.2% cases, while capnography can be considered to confirm tracheal placement. The overall rate of complications during tube placement was 25.8%, with mostly minor clinical complications reported. There was no significant difference in the new-onset regurgitation/vomiting rate, or complications while the tube was in situ between the nasoesophageal and nasogastric groups.
Clinical Significance
Misplacement of nasoenteric tubes is uncommon but a consistent alternative test to radiography for checking correct nasoenteric tube placement was not demonstrated. The choice of placement of either a nasoesophageal or nasogastric tube should be guided by clinician preference, and clients should be warned about possible complications during placement and while the nasoenteric tube is in situ.
{"title":"Complication rates associated with nasoesophageal versus nasogastric feeding tube placement in dogs and cats: a randomised controlled trial","authors":"F. Camacho, K. Humm","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13729","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13729","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the rate of accidental placement of nasoenteric tubes into the respiratory tract. To compare the methods of checking correct tube placement. To compare the complication rates between nasoesophageal and nasogastric tubes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Animals requiring nasoenteric feeding tubes were prospectively randomised to have either nasoesophageal or nasogastric tube placement. Various techniques for assessing tube position were compared with thoracic radiographic findings. Complications during placement and use were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-seven animals (82 dogs and 15 cats) were studied. The tube was misplaced into the respiratory tract in three (3.1%) cases. No technique for checking placement was completely concordant with radiography but the presence of negative pressure at the thoracic inlet during placement was consistent with the presence of the tube in the oesophagus in 86.2% cases, while capnography can be considered to confirm tracheal placement. The overall rate of complications during tube placement was 25.8%, with mostly minor clinical complications reported. There was no significant difference in the new-onset regurgitation/vomiting rate, or complications while the tube was in situ between the nasoesophageal and nasogastric groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Misplacement of nasoenteric tubes is uncommon but a consistent alternative test to radiography for checking correct nasoenteric tube placement was not demonstrated. The choice of placement of either a nasoesophageal or nasogastric tube should be guided by clinician preference, and clients should be warned about possible complications during placement and while the nasoenteric tube is in situ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 7","pages":"417-423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Prior, H. Swales, M. Sharman, N. Reed, N. Bommer, A. Kent, B. Glanemann, K. Clarke, A. Kortum, D. Kelly, C. Lea, E. Roberts, L. Rutherford, A. Tamborini, K. Murphy, D. J. Batchelor, S. Calleja, R. Burrow, P. Jamieson, M. Best, S. Borgonovi, I. Calvo-saiz, I. Elgueta, C. Piazza, C. Gil Morales, A. Hrovat, M. Keane, J. Kennils, E. Lopez, S. Spence, E. Izaguirre, M. Hernandez-Perello, N. Lau, A. Paul, A. Ridyard, C. Shales, E. Shelton, A. Farges, G. Specchia, L. Espada, S. J. Fowlie, S. Tappin, N. Van den Steen, T. H. Sparks, F. Allerton
Objectives
To describe the diagnostic tests used and their comparative performance in dogs diagnosed with sinonasal aspergillosis in the United Kingdom. A secondary objective was to describe the signalment, clinical findings and common clinicopathologic abnormalities in sinonasal aspergillosis.
Materials and Methods
A multi-centre retrospective survey was performed involving 23 referral centres in the United Kingdom to identify dogs diagnosed with sinonasal aspergillosis from January 2011 to December 2021. Dogs were included if fungal plaques were seen during rhinoscopy or if ancillary testing (via histopathology, culture, cytology, serology or PCR) was positive and other differential diagnoses were excluded.
Results
A total of 662 cases were entered into the database across the 23 referral centres. Four hundred and seventy-five cases met the study inclusion criteria. Of these, 419 dogs had fungal plaques and compatible clinical signs. Fungal plaques were not seen in 56 dogs with turbinate destruction that had compatible clinical signs and a positive ancillary test result. Ancillary diagnostics were performed in 312 of 419 (74%) dogs with observed fungal plaques permitting calculation of sensitivity of cytology as 67%, fungal culture 59%, histopathology 47% and PCR 71%.
Clinical Significance
The sensitivities of ancillary diagnostics in this study were lower than previously reported challenging the clinical utility of such tests in sinonasal aspergillosis. Treatment and management decisions should be based on a combination of diagnostics including imaging findings, visual inspection, and ancillary testing, rather than ancillary tests alone.
{"title":"Diagnostic findings in sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs in the United Kingdom: 475 cases (2011–2021)","authors":"C. Prior, H. Swales, M. Sharman, N. Reed, N. Bommer, A. Kent, B. Glanemann, K. Clarke, A. Kortum, D. Kelly, C. Lea, E. Roberts, L. Rutherford, A. Tamborini, K. Murphy, D. J. Batchelor, S. Calleja, R. Burrow, P. Jamieson, M. Best, S. Borgonovi, I. Calvo-saiz, I. Elgueta, C. Piazza, C. Gil Morales, A. Hrovat, M. Keane, J. Kennils, E. Lopez, S. Spence, E. Izaguirre, M. Hernandez-Perello, N. Lau, A. Paul, A. Ridyard, C. Shales, E. Shelton, A. Farges, G. Specchia, L. Espada, S. J. Fowlie, S. Tappin, N. Van den Steen, T. H. Sparks, F. Allerton","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13736","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13736","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the diagnostic tests used and their comparative performance in dogs diagnosed with sinonasal aspergillosis in the United Kingdom. A secondary objective was to describe the signalment, clinical findings and common clinicopathologic abnormalities in sinonasal aspergillosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multi-centre retrospective survey was performed involving 23 referral centres in the United Kingdom to identify dogs diagnosed with sinonasal aspergillosis from January 2011 to December 2021. Dogs were included if fungal plaques were seen during rhinoscopy or if ancillary testing (<i>via</i> histopathology, culture, cytology, serology or PCR) was positive and other differential diagnoses were excluded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 662 cases were entered into the database across the 23 referral centres. Four hundred and seventy-five cases met the study inclusion criteria. Of these, 419 dogs had fungal plaques and compatible clinical signs. Fungal plaques were not seen in 56 dogs with turbinate destruction that had compatible clinical signs and a positive ancillary test result. Ancillary diagnostics were performed in 312 of 419 (74%) dogs with observed fungal plaques permitting calculation of sensitivity of cytology as 67%, fungal culture 59%, histopathology 47% and PCR 71%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sensitivities of ancillary diagnostics in this study were lower than previously reported challenging the clinical utility of such tests in sinonasal aspergillosis. Treatment and management decisions should be based on a combination of diagnostics including imaging findings, visual inspection, and ancillary testing, rather than ancillary tests alone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 8","pages":"622-630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. G. O'Neill, R. Komutrattananon, D. B. Church, A. N. Hartley, D. C. Brodbelt
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence and risk factors for tick infestation in dogs in the UK based on anonymised electronic patient records.
Materials and Methods
Clinical records of dogs under veterinary care in 2016 at clinics participating in the VetCompass Programme were followed over a 5-year period to identify cases of tick infestation. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling.
Results
The study included 905,553 dogs. From a random sample, 1903 tick infestation cases were identified. The estimated 5-year (2014 to 2018) period prevalence was 2.03% (95% confidence interval: 2.00 to 2.06). Sixteen breeds showed increased odds compared with non-designer-crossbreed dogs. Breeds with the highest odds included Cairn terrier (odds ratio 2.86, 95% confidence interval 1.64 to 4.98), standard poodle (odds ratio 2.80, 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 6.29) and Goldendoodle (odds ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 5.91). Six breeds showed reduced odds, with lowest odds shown by Staffordshire bull terrier (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.50), Rottweiler (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.85) and Chihuahua (odds ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.26 to 0.55). Males had 1.24 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.36) times the odds of females. Compared with non-designer-crossbred dogs, designer-crossbreed dogs had increased odds (odds ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.52 to 2.15). Compared with breeds with short coats, breeds with medium length coats (odds ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.96 to 2.48) showed increased odds. Breeds with V-shaped drop and pendulous ear carriage had higher odds compared with breeds with erect ear carriage.
Clinical Significance
These findings provide an evidence base for veterinary professionals to raise awareness of tick infestation as a preventable disorder in dogs in the UK and to support more effective prevention and therapeutic protocols based on targeted approaches.
{"title":"The epidemiology of tick infestation in dog breeds in the UK","authors":"D. G. O'Neill, R. Komutrattananon, D. B. Church, A. N. Hartley, D. C. Brodbelt","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13727","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13727","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence and risk factors for tick infestation in dogs in the UK based on anonymised electronic patient records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical records of dogs under veterinary care in 2016 at clinics participating in the VetCompass Programme were followed over a 5-year period to identify cases of tick infestation. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 905,553 dogs. From a random sample, 1903 tick infestation cases were identified. The estimated 5-year (2014 to 2018) period prevalence was 2.03% (95% confidence interval: 2.00 to 2.06). Sixteen breeds showed increased odds compared with non-designer-crossbreed dogs. Breeds with the highest odds included Cairn terrier (odds ratio 2.86, 95% confidence interval 1.64 to 4.98), standard poodle (odds ratio 2.80, 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 6.29) and Goldendoodle (odds ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 5.91). Six breeds showed reduced odds, with lowest odds shown by Staffordshire bull terrier (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.50), Rottweiler (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.85) and Chihuahua (odds ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.26 to 0.55). Males had 1.24 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.36) times the odds of females. Compared with non-designer-crossbred dogs, designer-crossbreed dogs had increased odds (odds ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.52 to 2.15). Compared with breeds with short coats, breeds with medium length coats (odds ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.96 to 2.48) showed increased odds. Breeds with V-shaped drop and pendulous ear carriage had higher odds compared with breeds with erect ear carriage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide an evidence base for veterinary professionals to raise awareness of tick infestation as a preventable disorder in dogs in the UK and to support more effective prevention and therapeutic protocols based on targeted approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 7","pages":"569-581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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