To evaluate neutering status and age of neutering in female Dachshunds with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. We hypothesised that neutered Dachshunds presented with intervertebral disc extrusion at an earlier age, with a higher grade of neurological deficits and with more extensive extrusion of disc material compared with intact females.
Materials and Methods
Retrospective multi-centre study of client-owned female Dachshunds with surgically confirmed thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. Dogs were classified as early, late or not neutered (intact). Age, body condition score, duration of clinical signs before presentation, modified Frankel score at presentation, length of extruded disc material, maximum spinal cord compression and whether dogs presented for a subsequent intervertebral disc extrusion were recorded.
Results
One hundred and fifty-four dogs were included: 36 early neutered, 69 late neutered and 49 intact. No significant difference was found between early neutered, late neutered and entire female Dachshunds in any of the variables studied.
Clinical Significance
In this cohort of female dogs, neuter status and age of neutering were not found to affect age at onset nor severity of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion.
{"title":"Investigation of neutering status and age of neutering in female Dachshunds with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion","authors":"L. Doeven, T. Cardy, A. H. Crawford","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13733","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13733","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate neutering status and age of neutering in female Dachshunds with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. We hypothesised that neutered Dachshunds presented with intervertebral disc extrusion at an earlier age, with a higher grade of neurological deficits and with more extensive extrusion of disc material compared with intact females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective multi-centre study of client-owned female Dachshunds with surgically confirmed thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. Dogs were classified as early, late or not neutered (intact). Age, body condition score, duration of clinical signs before presentation, modified Frankel score at presentation, length of extruded disc material, maximum spinal cord compression and whether dogs presented for a subsequent intervertebral disc extrusion were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and fifty-four dogs were included: 36 early neutered, 69 late neutered and 49 intact. No significant difference was found between early neutered, late neutered and entire female Dachshunds in any of the variables studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cohort of female dogs, neuter status and age of neutering were not found to affect age at onset nor severity of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 8","pages":"637-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Suciu, D. Starybrat, C. Gil-Morales, H. Matson, R. Jepson, M. Williams, M. Lyraki, L. McMahon, S. Nerhagen, A. Veitch, E. Llewellyn
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate clinical signs, diagnostic findings, treatment administered and short- (survival to 28 days) and long-term prognosis (survival >6 months) in dogs diagnosed with trapped neutrophil syndrome.
Materials and Methods
Medical records of 12 dogs (10 Border Collies and two Border Collie Crossbreeds) homozygous for VPS13B gene mutation causing trapped neutrophil syndrome from seven veterinary institutions between January 2011 and June 2022 were evaluated retrospectively.
Results
The most common clinical signs at the time of diagnosis were pyrexia, abnormal gait and gastrointestinal signs. Concurrent metaphyseal osteopathy and immune-mediated polyarthritis were common. Seven dogs had a segmented neutrophil count below, four dogs within and one dog above the analyser reference interval at presentation. Two dogs had a septic source identified and both were additionally identified to be homozygous mutant positive on DNA testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for canine cyclic neutropenia. All dogs received at least one antimicrobial agent and 10 dogs received treatment with prednisone or prednisolone (median starting dose 1 mg/kg/day; range 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day). Nine dogs were alive at 28 days and six dogs were alive at 6 months post-diagnosis.
Clinical Significance
Trapped neutrophil syndrome should be suspected in young Border Collies with pyrexia, lameness and gastrointestinal signs. Neutropenia may not always be present and long-term survival is possible. A septic focus was not commonly identified in our population; however, our results suggest that if identified, testing for concurrent canine cyclic neutropenia should be considered.
{"title":"Clinical findings, treatment and outcome of trapped neutrophil syndrome in Border Collies: 12 cases (2011-2022)","authors":"A. Suciu, D. Starybrat, C. Gil-Morales, H. Matson, R. Jepson, M. Williams, M. Lyraki, L. McMahon, S. Nerhagen, A. Veitch, E. Llewellyn","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13726","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13726","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate clinical signs, diagnostic findings, treatment administered and short- (survival to 28 days) and long-term prognosis (survival >6 months) in dogs diagnosed with trapped neutrophil syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records of 12 dogs (10 Border Collies and two Border Collie Crossbreeds) homozygous for VPS13B gene mutation causing trapped neutrophil syndrome from seven veterinary institutions between January 2011 and June 2022 were evaluated retrospectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common clinical signs at the time of diagnosis were pyrexia, abnormal gait and gastrointestinal signs. Concurrent metaphyseal osteopathy and immune-mediated polyarthritis were common. Seven dogs had a segmented neutrophil count below, four dogs within and one dog above the analyser reference interval at presentation. Two dogs had a septic source identified and both were additionally identified to be homozygous mutant positive on DNA testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for canine cyclic neutropenia. All dogs received at least one antimicrobial agent and 10 dogs received treatment with prednisone or prednisolone (median starting dose 1 mg/kg/day; range 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day). Nine dogs were alive at 28 days and six dogs were alive at 6 months post-diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trapped neutrophil syndrome should be suspected in young Border Collies with pyrexia, lameness and gastrointestinal signs. Neutropenia may not always be present and long-term survival is possible. A septic focus was not commonly identified in our population; however, our results suggest that if identified, testing for concurrent canine cyclic neutropenia should be considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 7","pages":"560-568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. W. Mandese, M. Suero, P. S. Reynolds, S. Kariyawasam, S. Beatty, F. Griffin
Objectives
To evaluate the prevalence of bacterial presence in free-catch urine samples preceded by either a standardised prepped (“clean-catch”) protocol versus unprepped (non-cleaned) voiding.
Materials and Methods
The study was a single-centre prospective single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Urine samples were obtained from 100 client-owned dogs presenting for routine evaluation. Dogs were randomly assigned to either the prepped group (preputial or peri-vulvar area cleaned with sterile saline before collection) or the unprepped group (no preliminary cleansing) stratified by sex. Urinalysis and urine culture (blood and MacConkey agar) were performed on all samples. Significant bacterial presence on urine culture was defined as >104 colony forming units (CFU)/mL.
Results
There were no statistically significant associations between prepped versus unprepped collection method or sex with a urinalysis positive for bacteriuria. However, on culture, significant bacterial growth was almost five times more likely to be associated with males relative to females (odds ratio 4.59, 95% confidence interval 1.61 to 13.10). The probability of finding a positive culture was not statistically associated with prep method (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 4.08).
Clinical Significance
For the majority of dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract infection, free-catch urine collection does not result in significant bacteriuria found on analysis or culture. The presence of bacteria found in free-catch samples may be secondary to sample contamination or subclinical bacteriuria. Sample contamination or subclinical bacteriuria may be more prevalent in male dogs.
{"title":"Urinalysis and culture results of free-catch urine samples in dogs: a randomised controlled trial","authors":"W. W. Mandese, M. Suero, P. S. Reynolds, S. Kariyawasam, S. Beatty, F. Griffin","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13730","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13730","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the prevalence of bacterial presence in free-catch urine samples preceded by either a standardised prepped (“clean-catch”) protocol <i>versus</i> unprepped (non-cleaned) voiding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was a single-centre prospective single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Urine samples were obtained from 100 client-owned dogs presenting for routine evaluation. Dogs were randomly assigned to either the prepped group (preputial or peri-vulvar area cleaned with sterile saline before collection) or the unprepped group (no preliminary cleansing) stratified by sex. Urinalysis and urine culture (blood and MacConkey agar) were performed on all samples. Significant bacterial presence on urine culture was defined as >10<sup>4</sup> colony forming units (CFU)/mL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were no statistically significant associations between prepped <i>versus</i> unprepped collection method or sex with a urinalysis positive for bacteriuria. However, on culture, significant bacterial growth was almost five times more likely to be associated with males relative to females (odds ratio 4.59, 95% confidence interval 1.61 to 13.10). The probability of finding a positive culture was not statistically associated with prep method (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 4.08).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the majority of dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract infection, free-catch urine collection does not result in significant bacteriuria found on analysis or culture. The presence of bacteria found in free-catch samples may be secondary to sample contamination or subclinical bacteriuria. Sample contamination or subclinical bacteriuria may be more prevalent in male dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 8","pages":"615-621"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-profile cystostomy tubes provide an alternative to conventional cystostomy tubes with external tubing. Previously, these have been placed surgically involving coeliotomy, cystotomy and cystopexy, or have been used as replacement tubes in existing stoma sites. The purpose of this study is to describe a technique for, and the outcomes of, single-step, non-surgical low-profile cystostomy tube placement.
Materials and Methods
All cases that had single-step, non-surgical placement of low-profile cystotomy tube attempted at the authors' institutions were included in this study. Data, including success rates, outcomes and complications, were extracted from the medical records.
Results
Ten client-owned dogs were inclided. Single-step, non-surgical placement was successful in eight out of 10 dogs, with placement being unsuccessful in two thus necessitating coeliotomy. The median duration that low-profile cystostomy tubes were in place was 7.0 months (range 4 days to 38 months). Seven of the eight dogs required replacement of their cystostomy tube. Mean time until first tube replacement was 103 days (range 13 to 363 days).
Clinical Significance
Single-step, non-surgical placement of a low-profile cystostomy tube is a viable alternative to surgical placement. Lack of cystopexy does not appear to result in complications. Conversion to coeliotomy might be required if tube placement is not successful with this technique. Complications seen with non-surgical tube placement such as inadvertent tube removal were similar to those previously reported for surgically placed tubes.
{"title":"Single-step, non-surgical placement of permanent low-profile cystostomy tubes in dogs: 10 cases (2018-2023)","authors":"C. Lea, D. Kelly","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13732","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13732","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low-profile cystostomy tubes provide an alternative to conventional cystostomy tubes with external tubing. Previously, these have been placed surgically involving coeliotomy, cystotomy and cystopexy, or have been used as replacement tubes in existing stoma sites. The purpose of this study is to describe a technique for, and the outcomes of, single-step, non-surgical low-profile cystostomy tube placement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All cases that had single-step, non-surgical placement of low-profile cystotomy tube attempted at the authors' institutions were included in this study. Data, including success rates, outcomes and complications, were extracted from the medical records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten client-owned dogs were inclided. Single-step, non-surgical placement was successful in eight out of 10 dogs, with placement being unsuccessful in two thus necessitating coeliotomy. The median duration that low-profile cystostomy tubes were in place was 7.0 months (range 4 days to 38 months). Seven of the eight dogs required replacement of their cystostomy tube. Mean time until first tube replacement was 103 days (range 13 to 363 days).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single-step, non-surgical placement of a low-profile cystostomy tube is a viable alternative to surgical placement. Lack of cystopexy does not appear to result in complications. Conversion to coeliotomy might be required if tube placement is not successful with this technique. Complications seen with non-surgical tube placement such as inadvertent tube removal were similar to those previously reported for surgically placed tubes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 8","pages":"642-647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate analgesia, sedation and adverse effects of two doses of subcutaneous methadone in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.
Materials and Methods
Seventeen client-owned dogs undergoing unilateral tibial plateau levelling osteotomy were randomly allocated to receive either 0.25 mg/kg methadone (eight dogs) or 0.5 mg/kg methadone (nine dogs). All dogs were premedicated with methadone and 2 to 6 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine subcutaneously. They were induced and maintained on a standard protocol. All animals received a second dose of methadone subcutaneously 4 hours after premedication and a 4.4 mg/kg dose of carprofen subcutaneously at 8 hours after premedication. During surgery, blood pressure, heart rate and temperature were assessed every 5 minutes. Postoperatively, sedation scores, temperature, heart rate and Glasgow composite modified pain score – short form were assessed for 12 hours postoperatively.
Results
One of 17 (5.9%) dogs had intraoperative hypotension, nine of 17 dogs had intra-operative bradyarrhythmias and 17 of 17 dogs had intra-operative hypothermia. No dogs required intra-operative rescue. Composite modified pain score – short form scores were below the threshold for intervention in 16 of 17 (94.1%) animals. Only one of 17 (5.9%) dogs required rescue analgesia. Median sedation score was 0 by the T8 time point. Adverse events were rare in both groups with only vocalisation and hypothermia reported commonly postoperatively.
Clinical Significance
Two doses of methadone at either 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg administered via subcutaneous injections pre-operatively and 4 hours later, along with 4.4 mg/kg carprofen subcutaneously 8 hours after the first methadone dose appear to provide sufficient pain control for up to 12 hours in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.
{"title":"Two doses of subcutaneous methadone for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomies","authors":"D. Upchurch, K. T. T. Lin, B. KuKanich","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13728","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13728","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate analgesia, sedation and adverse effects of two doses of subcutaneous methadone in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen client-owned dogs undergoing unilateral tibial plateau levelling osteotomy were randomly allocated to receive either 0.25 mg/kg methadone (eight dogs) or 0.5 mg/kg methadone (nine dogs). All dogs were premedicated with methadone and 2 to 6 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine subcutaneously. They were induced and maintained on a standard protocol. All animals received a second dose of methadone subcutaneously 4 hours after premedication and a 4.4 mg/kg dose of carprofen subcutaneously at 8 hours after premedication. During surgery, blood pressure, heart rate and temperature were assessed every 5 minutes. Postoperatively, sedation scores, temperature, heart rate and Glasgow composite modified pain score – short form were assessed for 12 hours postoperatively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One of 17 (5.9%) dogs had intraoperative hypotension, nine of 17 dogs had intra-operative bradyarrhythmias and 17 of 17 dogs had intra-operative hypothermia. No dogs required intra-operative rescue. Composite modified pain score – short form scores were below the threshold for intervention in 16 of 17 (94.1%) animals. Only one of 17 (5.9%) dogs required rescue analgesia. Median sedation score was 0 by the T8 time point. Adverse events were rare in both groups with only vocalisation and hypothermia reported commonly postoperatively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two doses of methadone at either 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg administered via subcutaneous injections pre-operatively and 4 hours later, along with 4.4 mg/kg carprofen subcutaneously 8 hours after the first methadone dose appear to provide sufficient pain control for up to 12 hours in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 6","pages":"368-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To report the histopathological diagnosis of both anal sacs in dogs undergoing bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of unilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma and to compare the surgical complication rate associated with this procedure in this population with previously published literature.
Materials and Methods
Records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs that underwent bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of apparently unilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, at a single institute between 2019 and 2023. Clinical staging, surgical treatment, histological findings, intra- and postoperative complications were evaluated.
Results
Thirty-five dogs were included. Only five of 35 (14%) dogs were found to have histologically normal contralateral anal sacs. Non-neoplastic anal sac disease was found in 23 of 35 (66%) dogs and bilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma was seen in seven of 35 (20%) dogs. None of the dogs diagnosed with bilateral neoplasia had evidence of bilateral neoplasia before surgery despite a thorough work-up. Complications attributable to the primary tumour removal were seen in 9% of dogs intraoperatively and 14% of dogs postoperatively, commonly tumour capsule disruption and surgical site infection, respectively.
Clinical Significance
Bilateral anal sac disease was diagnosed histologically in the majority of presumed normal anal sacs, with 20% of cases being found to have bilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. The surgical complication rates of this cohort were comparable to those reported for unilateral anal sacculectomy alone. These findings promote and encourage the use of bilateral anal sacculectomy in cases of suspected unilateral anal sac neoplasia.
{"title":"Histopathological diagnosis and surgical complications following bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of unilateral canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma: 35 cases (2019-2023)","authors":"A. Franca, P. Stamenova, J. L. Thompson","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13731","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13731","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To report the histopathological diagnosis of both anal sacs in dogs undergoing bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of unilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma and to compare the surgical complication rate associated with this procedure in this population with previously published literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs that underwent bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of apparently unilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, at a single institute between 2019 and 2023. Clinical staging, surgical treatment, histological findings, intra- and postoperative complications were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-five dogs were included. Only five of 35 (14%) dogs were found to have histologically normal contralateral anal sacs. Non-neoplastic anal sac disease was found in 23 of 35 (66%) dogs and bilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma was seen in seven of 35 (20%) dogs. None of the dogs diagnosed with bilateral neoplasia had evidence of bilateral neoplasia before surgery despite a thorough work-up. Complications attributable to the primary tumour removal were seen in 9% of dogs intraoperatively and 14% of dogs postoperatively, commonly tumour capsule disruption and surgical site infection, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bilateral anal sac disease was diagnosed histologically in the majority of presumed normal anal sacs, with 20% of cases being found to have bilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. The surgical complication rates of this cohort were comparable to those reported for unilateral anal sacculectomy alone. These findings promote and encourage the use of bilateral anal sacculectomy in cases of suspected unilateral anal sac neoplasia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 6","pages":"394-401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Vangrinsven, J. N. Duprez, C. Meex, B. Taminiau, G. Daube, F. Billen, J. Mainil, C. Clercx
Objectives
The role of bacterial communities in the pathophysiology of canine nasal disease is still unclear. How and when to treat dogs with suspected secondary bacterial rhinitis and on which test to rely before making a decision to treat with antimicrobials has not been established. The objective is to compare the results of bacterial identification using agar-plate cultures and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in dogs with nasal discharge suspected to be of bacterial origin.
Materials and Methods
Twenty-nine client-owned dogs presented for investigation of nasal disease were included in the study. Paired swabs were collected from the same affected nasal cavity. One swab was streaked on 4 agar media (Columbia Blood Agar, MacConkey, Chapman and Edward's). The other swab was stored in a sterile cryotube at −80°. Extracted DNA underwent a polymerase chain reaction targeting the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene.
Results
At least one of the species detected by amplicon sequencing with a relative abundance of >10% was also identified by culture in 14 cases (48.3%), in association with marked predominance of one taxon (>80% relative abundance) in six of 14 cases. In 12 dogs (41.4%), the cultured isolates were rare or undetected components of the corresponding sequence libraries. A negative culture in the face of bacterial predominance (>50% relative abundance) of a potentially pathogenic bacteria detected by sequencing occurred in 17% (n=5) of cases; however, the use of other agar media may have decreased this percentage.
Clinical Significance
Standard culture does not reliably predict the bacterial profile detected by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.
{"title":"Comparison of culture-dependent and -independent bacterial detection results on nasal swabs in dogs with nasal discharge","authors":"E. Vangrinsven, J. N. Duprez, C. Meex, B. Taminiau, G. Daube, F. Billen, J. Mainil, C. Clercx","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13734","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13734","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The role of bacterial communities in the pathophysiology of canine nasal disease is still unclear. How and when to treat dogs with suspected secondary bacterial rhinitis and on which test to rely before making a decision to treat with antimicrobials has not been established. The objective is to compare the results of bacterial identification using agar-plate cultures and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in dogs with nasal discharge suspected to be of bacterial origin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-nine client-owned dogs presented for investigation of nasal disease were included in the study. Paired swabs were collected from the same affected nasal cavity. One swab was streaked on 4 agar media (Columbia Blood Agar, MacConkey, Chapman and Edward's). The other swab was stored in a sterile cryotube at −80°. Extracted DNA underwent a polymerase chain reaction targeting the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At least one of the species detected by amplicon sequencing with a relative abundance of >10% was also identified by culture in 14 cases (48.3%), in association with marked predominance of one taxon (>80% relative abundance) in six of 14 cases. In 12 dogs (41.4%), the cultured isolates were rare or undetected components of the corresponding sequence libraries. A negative culture in the face of bacterial predominance (>50% relative abundance) of a potentially pathogenic bacteria detected by sequencing occurred in 17% (n=5) of cases; however, the use of other agar media may have decreased this percentage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Standard culture does not reliably predict the bacterial profile detected by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 6","pages":"376-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 6-month-old, male entire cocker spaniel presented with a one week history of progressive abnormal gait. Intermittent compulsive circling to the right was reported since being in the owners' possession. Neurological examination findings included occasional compulsive behaviour, intermittent right circling, ambulatory tetraparesis with proprioceptive ataxia in all four limbs and scuffing with thoracic limbs. Hopping was reduced in all four limbs with intact paw positioning. The remainder of the neurological examination was normal. Neuroanatomic localization was to the right forebrain and C1-C5 spinal cord segments. Haematology and serum biochemistry were unremarkable. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for vector-borne diseases (Anaplasma spp, Borelia burgdorferi, Erlichia spp, Dirofilaria immitis) was negative. Imaging of the head and cervical region identified multiple malformations at the occipito-atlantoaxial junction. These abnormalities included absent dorsal arch of C1, absent normal atlanto-occipital joints, partial fusion of C1 to the skull base (Fig 1A) and hypoplastic spinous process of C2 with incomplete midline fusion (Fig 1D). Three rounded osseous fragments were identified between the C1/2 articulation and suspected to represent remnants of the dorsal arch of C1. Abnormal cranial positioning of the spinous process and arch of C2 was identified (Fig 1B-D). Secondary dorsal positioning of the dens resulted in dorsoventral narrowing of the vertebral canal and marked dorsal kinking of the cervical spinal cord (Fig S1). A subtle T2W and STIR intramedullary hyperintensity was identified dorsal to the dens at C2 (Fig S1A-C). No intracranial abnormalities were identified to explain the intermittent circling to the right. Congenital occipito-atlanto-axial malformation resulting in instability and subluxation of the atlantoaxial junction and secondary spinal cord compression accounted for the patient's clinical presentation. Further options into surgical stabilisation or conservative management, with exercise restriction were offered. Owners elected the latter. At 2-month follow-up, the dog slightly worsened, however, remained ambulatory tetraparetic.
{"title":"Imaging features of occipito-atlanto-axial joint malformation in a young dog","authors":"C. G. Danciu, S. Formoso Prado, E. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13720","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13720","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 6-month-old, male entire cocker spaniel presented with a one week history of progressive abnormal gait. Intermittent compulsive circling to the right was reported since being in the owners' possession. Neurological examination findings included occasional compulsive behaviour, intermittent right circling, ambulatory tetraparesis with proprioceptive ataxia in all four limbs and scuffing with thoracic limbs. Hopping was reduced in all four limbs with intact paw positioning. The remainder of the neurological examination was normal. Neuroanatomic localization was to the right forebrain and C1-C5 spinal cord segments. Haematology and serum biochemistry were unremarkable. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for vector-borne diseases (<i>Anaplasma</i> spp, <i>Borelia burgdorferi</i>, <i>Erlichia</i> spp, <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>) was negative. Imaging of the head and cervical region identified multiple malformations at the occipito-atlantoaxial junction. These abnormalities included absent dorsal arch of C1, absent normal atlanto-occipital joints, partial fusion of C1 to the skull base (Fig 1A) and hypoplastic spinous process of C2 with incomplete midline fusion (Fig 1D). Three rounded osseous fragments were identified between the C1/2 articulation and suspected to represent remnants of the dorsal arch of C1. Abnormal cranial positioning of the spinous process and arch of C2 was identified (Fig 1B-D). Secondary dorsal positioning of the dens resulted in dorsoventral narrowing of the vertebral canal and marked dorsal kinking of the cervical spinal cord (Fig S1). A subtle T2W and STIR intramedullary hyperintensity was identified dorsal to the dens at C2 (Fig S1A-C). No intracranial abnormalities were identified to explain the intermittent circling to the right. Congenital occipito-atlanto-axial malformation resulting in instability and subluxation of the atlantoaxial junction and secondary spinal cord compression accounted for the patient's clinical presentation. Further options into surgical stabilisation or conservative management, with exercise restriction were offered. Owners elected the latter. At 2-month follow-up, the dog slightly worsened, however, remained ambulatory tetraparetic.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 6","pages":"413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A. Squires, C. Crawford, M. Marcondes, N. Whitley
<p>The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Vaccination Guidelines Group (VGG) was convened to develop guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats intended to be helpful to veterinarians globally. Previous guidelines, published in 2007, 2010 and 2016, have been cited in the peer-reviewed scientific literature several hundred times and downloaded tens of thousands of times. The present document is an updated version of these guidelines. The VGG recognises that its recommendations must be broad and based on fundamental immunological principles because detailed recommendations about vaccines and vaccination of dogs and cats that might be suitable for some countries or regions may be much less applicable elsewhere.</p><p>Guidelines are intended to provide broad guidance for veterinarians in decision-making. They do not describe mandatory or minimum standards of care. These guidelines can be used by national and regional veterinary associations and individual veterinarians or veterinary practices to develop their own vaccination schedules suitable to their own local conditions. Notwithstanding this, the VGG strongly recommends that ALL dogs and cats should receive the benefit of vaccination. This will not only protect individual animals but will improve “herd immunity” to help minimise the risk of contagious disease outbreaks.</p><p>With this background in mind, the VGG has defined <i>core vaccines</i> as those that ALL dogs and cats should receive, after considering their lifestyle and the geographical areas in which they live or to which they travel. Some core vaccines protect animals from potentially life-threatening diseases that have global distribution while others protect against life-threatening diseases that are prevalent only in particular countries or regions. Core vaccines for dogs <i>in all parts of the world</i> are those that protect against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV). Core vaccines for cats in all parts of the world are those that protect against feline parvovirus (FPV), feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV). In areas of the world where rabies is endemic, vaccination against rabies virus should be considered essential for both dogs and cats (<i>i.e</i>. rabies vaccines are <i>core</i> in those places), even if there is no legal requirement for this. Leptospirosis in dogs is another life-threatening, zoonotic disease that is widely distributed around the world. In countries or regions where canine leptospirosis is endemic, where implicated serogroups are known and where suitable vaccines are available, vaccination of all dogs against leptospirosis is highly recommended and the vaccines should be considered <i>core</i> in those places. In many parts of the world, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-related diseases are endemic. In these places, FeLV vaccines should be considered <i>core</i> for young cats (<1 year of age) and for adult ca
{"title":"2024 guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats – compiled by the Vaccination Guidelines Group (VGG) of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA)","authors":"R. A. Squires, C. Crawford, M. Marcondes, N. Whitley","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13718","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13718","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Vaccination Guidelines Group (VGG) was convened to develop guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats intended to be helpful to veterinarians globally. Previous guidelines, published in 2007, 2010 and 2016, have been cited in the peer-reviewed scientific literature several hundred times and downloaded tens of thousands of times. The present document is an updated version of these guidelines. The VGG recognises that its recommendations must be broad and based on fundamental immunological principles because detailed recommendations about vaccines and vaccination of dogs and cats that might be suitable for some countries or regions may be much less applicable elsewhere.</p><p>Guidelines are intended to provide broad guidance for veterinarians in decision-making. They do not describe mandatory or minimum standards of care. These guidelines can be used by national and regional veterinary associations and individual veterinarians or veterinary practices to develop their own vaccination schedules suitable to their own local conditions. Notwithstanding this, the VGG strongly recommends that ALL dogs and cats should receive the benefit of vaccination. This will not only protect individual animals but will improve “herd immunity” to help minimise the risk of contagious disease outbreaks.</p><p>With this background in mind, the VGG has defined <i>core vaccines</i> as those that ALL dogs and cats should receive, after considering their lifestyle and the geographical areas in which they live or to which they travel. Some core vaccines protect animals from potentially life-threatening diseases that have global distribution while others protect against life-threatening diseases that are prevalent only in particular countries or regions. Core vaccines for dogs <i>in all parts of the world</i> are those that protect against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV). Core vaccines for cats in all parts of the world are those that protect against feline parvovirus (FPV), feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV). In areas of the world where rabies is endemic, vaccination against rabies virus should be considered essential for both dogs and cats (<i>i.e</i>. rabies vaccines are <i>core</i> in those places), even if there is no legal requirement for this. Leptospirosis in dogs is another life-threatening, zoonotic disease that is widely distributed around the world. In countries or regions where canine leptospirosis is endemic, where implicated serogroups are known and where suitable vaccines are available, vaccination of all dogs against leptospirosis is highly recommended and the vaccines should be considered <i>core</i> in those places. In many parts of the world, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-related diseases are endemic. In these places, FeLV vaccines should be considered <i>core</i> for young cats (<1 year of age) and for adult ca","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 5","pages":"277-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Linder, J. Mehra, S. Miller, M. J. Lewis, R. T. Bentley, S. Thomovsky
Objectives
Myoclonic seizures are considered a type of generalised seizure characterised by brief, jerking movements of the body. The aim of this study is to describe cases of suspected canine myoclonic seizure of idiopathic aetiology and to discuss the successful use of the anticonvulsant levetiracetam as treatment in each of these cases.
Materials and Methods
Dogs with epileptic myoclonus suspected to be idiopathic in aetiology were considered for inclusion. Medical records were reviewed for physical and neurologic examination findings, clinicopathologic results, and diagnostic imaging results. All included dogs were treated with levetiracetam, and their response was reported.
Results
Five dogs were included, all of which had suspected myoclonic seizures either observed in-person or on video recording by a board-certified veterinary neurologist. The duration of myoclonic seizures preceding treatment ranged from one day to one year. One dog also experienced a generalised tonic–clonic seizure. All dogs were treated with levetiracetam. Two dogs experienced long-term myoclonic seizure freedom (duration seizure-free of at least 1 year), and two dogs experienced marked decreased myoclonic seizure frequency. One dog experienced immediate abatement of myoclonic seizures, although levetiracetam was only utilised for 1 month following onset of myoclonic seizures in this patient.
Clinical Significance
Myoclonic seizures can be idiopathic in aetiology. Levetiracetam can be used effectively to rapidly stop myoclonic seizures and to decrease the frequency of myoclonic seizures.
{"title":"Use of levetiracetam for the successful treatment of suspected myoclonic seizures: five dogs (2016-2022)","authors":"J. Linder, J. Mehra, S. Miller, M. J. Lewis, R. T. Bentley, S. Thomovsky","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13719","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13719","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myoclonic seizures are considered a type of generalised seizure characterised by brief, jerking movements of the body. The aim of this study is to describe cases of suspected canine myoclonic seizure of idiopathic aetiology and to discuss the successful use of the anticonvulsant levetiracetam as treatment in each of these cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with epileptic myoclonus suspected to be idiopathic in aetiology were considered for inclusion. Medical records were reviewed for physical and neurologic examination findings, clinicopathologic results, and diagnostic imaging results. All included dogs were treated with levetiracetam, and their response was reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five dogs were included, all of which had suspected myoclonic seizures either observed in-person or on video recording by a board-certified veterinary neurologist. The duration of myoclonic seizures preceding treatment ranged from one day to one year. One dog also experienced a generalised tonic–clonic seizure. All dogs were treated with levetiracetam. Two dogs experienced long-term myoclonic seizure freedom (duration seizure-free of at least 1 year), and two dogs experienced marked decreased myoclonic seizure frequency. One dog experienced immediate abatement of myoclonic seizures, although levetiracetam was only utilised for 1 month following onset of myoclonic seizures in this patient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myoclonic seizures can be idiopathic in aetiology. Levetiracetam can be used effectively to rapidly stop myoclonic seizures and to decrease the frequency of myoclonic seizures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"65 6","pages":"402-408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号