Journal of Supercritical Fluids最新文献

{"title":"Fluidization characteristics of supercritical fluidized beds: A comprehensive review","authors":"Yanna Li ,&nbsp;Liangzhao Sun ,&nbsp;Gongpeng Wu ,&nbsp;Yan He","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluidized beds (FBs) are widely used in many industrial applications, and continuous improvement of their performance is imperative. However, the inherent limitations of gas-solid FBs, particularly concerning fluidization characteristics, mass transfer efficiency, and operational stability, cannot be adequately addressed solely through structural optimization. Accordingly, fluidized bed reactors using supercritical fluids (SCFs) as fluidizing agents have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. Supercritical fluidized beds offer higher fluidization uniformity, reduced bubble diameter, improved particle mixing, and greater bed expansion compared to conventional gas-solid FBs. This review comprehensively examines the advancements in supercritical fluidization technology, with emphasis on supercritical water and carbon dioxide. The main findings indicate that operational parameters, including temperature, pressure, and superficial fluid velocity, exert a substantial influence on fluidization characteristics by modulating the properties of the SCF. Particle properties, including diameter, shape, and size distribution, significantly affect minimum fluidization velocity, bubble dynamics, and bed homogeneity. Predictive correlations for critical parameters are discussed, highlighting their role in reactor design and optimization. Despite notable progress, challenges persist, such as limited experimental data and the limited applicability of traditional fluidized bed testing methodologies to the supercritical domain. This review is of considerable significance for the optimized design of supercritical fluidized beds and provides direction for future applications of supercritical fluidized beds across a wider range of fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106799"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of teriflunomide-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose composites utilizing the Gas Antisolvent (GAS) process and Box-Behnken Design","authors":"Mahshid Askarizadeh ,&nbsp;Nadia Esfandiari ,&nbsp;Bizhan Honarvar ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Sajadian ,&nbsp;Amin Azdarpour","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to enhance the dissolution rate of Teriflunomide, a medication for multiple sclerosis that exhibits low water solubility despite its high permeability. To tackle this issue, the Gas Antisolvent technique was utilized to decrease the particle size of Teriflunomide. Three critical parameters were examined: pressure (10, 13, and 16 MPa), temperature (308, 318, and 328 K), and the ratio of Teriflunomide to Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (1, 5, and 9 w/w). The optimization of these variables was carried out using the Box-Behnken Design method. The coprecipitation of Teriflunomide with Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was investigated under optimal conditions (16 MPa, 315 K, and a 1 w/w ratio). DSC, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and DLS were employed to examine and characterize the thermal stability, crystallinity, and to assess the shape and position of the absorption peaks, as well as the morphology and particle size. The resulting TEF-HPMC nanoparticles were measured at 561 ± 25 nm, which was found to be significantly smaller than the original sample (125 ± 28 μm).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigations on transport properties for SCO2 flow in Gyroid structures with the pore-scale method","authors":"Wenpeng Hong,&nbsp;Jingwen Fan,&nbsp;Guilei Yue,&nbsp;Haoran Li,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical CO₂ (SCO₂) has emerged as a promising coolant for transpiration cooling in combustion chamber liners. The cooling performance is strongly influenced by the transport properties of SCO₂ within porous media. However, the absence of accurate porosity-dependent correlations for customized porous structures has hindered the application of volume-averaged models, which are more appropriate for transpiration design. In this study, Gyroid porous structures with porosities ranging from 30 % to 42 % were reconstructed at the pore scale. Numerical simulations of heat and mass transfer were conducted to investigate the local transport behaviors of SCO₂. Porosity-dependent correlations for permeability, Forchheimer coefficient, convective heat transfer, and effective thermal conductivity were derived from the pore-scale simulation data. The permeability increased exponentially with porosity, while the Forchheimer coefficient decreased linearly from approximately 6.7171 × 10⁴ m⁻¹ to 3.4923 × 10³ m⁻¹ . The effective thermal conductivity was found to require correction factors between 0.57 and 0.78. An empirical correlation for the surface-averaged Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>_sf) was also proposed, incorporating correction terms to account for temperature-dependent thermophysical properties. These correlations were implemented into a volume-averaged model and validated through conjugate simulations. Comparisons with pore-scale results demonstrated that the LTNE-based volume-averaged model accurately predicts both temperature and velocity fields. Overall, this study presents a multiscale modeling framework for SCO₂ transport in Gyroid porous media and validated empirical correlations, addressing a critical gap in transpiration cooling design using the volume-averaged method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green sustainable eutectic solvent using supercritical CO2 for extraction composition from rice husk","authors":"Ahmed lbrahim,&nbsp;Mohamed Tarek,&nbsp;Zhi-En Xin,&nbsp;Ardila Hayu Tiwikrama","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Converting agricultural waste into useful materials through seeking effective and convenient routes is an important step toward shifting to sustainable energy. In this work, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was prepared by mixing choline chloride (ChCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and diethylene glycol (DEG) as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in a molar ratio of 1:8 to break down rice husk (RH) biomass. The RH was extracted using supercritical CO₂ pretreatment at <em>T</em> = 80 °C and 120 °C during the reaction times ranging from (2−24) h to determine the composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the RH. The ChCl-DEG achieved successful selective separation of lignin and hemicellulose from lignocellulosic RH biomass with a delignification value of over 66 % at 120 °C after 24 h. The effect of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) was investigated during the fractionation process of the RH. The results show that the use of scCO₂ decreased the delignification value, which can be attributed to the disturbance of the hydrogen bonds between the DES and the lignin composition structure, hindering the separation process. Morphological characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant changes on the surface of the treated RH, indicating the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from the biomass surface. Overall, the study demonstrates that ChCl-DEG is a promising, adaptable DES for environmentally friendly processing of plant materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145536504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on water hammer characteristics and protection measures of supercritical/dense CO2 pipelines","authors":"Qian Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Jiao ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Xiong ,&nbsp;Wenhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Ge ,&nbsp;Xinze Li ,&nbsp;Liukang Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaokai Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pipeline transportation under supercritical and dense phases is commonly adopted for carbon dioxide (CO₂) long-distance transportation due to its high transportation capacity and low energy consumption. When valves are accidentally shut off in CO₂ pipeline systems, there might exist phase transitions or local overpressure due to water hammer effects. In this paper, a rapid transient method is proposed by improved characteristic line algorithm to simulate dynamic behaviors of water hammer scenarios, and characteristics of phase transitions in CO₂ pipelines under water hammer scenarios are investigated. It was found that time-consuming by proposed method is about 4–10 times faster than that by implicit difference methods. Elevation differences have significant effects on operating pressure of CO₂ pipelines under water hammer scenarios. CO₂ fluids in downward sloping pipelines with a large drop is more likely to undergo phase transitions due to water hammer effects. Corresponding downstream valve can be closed simultaneously to extend fluid phase transitions in pipelines when a upstream valve in CO₂ pipelines is accidentally shut off.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106837"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145485489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerically stable determination of mixture critical points and loci with PC-SAFT Equation of State","authors":"Mustajab Safarov,&nbsp;Vishnu Jayaprakash,&nbsp;Changxu Wu,&nbsp;Huazhou Li","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compositional simulations are important for understanding, analyzing, and optimizing multiphase flows, especially in the petrochemical industry. These simulations are dependent on an accurate Equation of State (EOS) to model the relationships between phases under changing conditions. While cubic EOS (CEOS) models are widely used in the industry due to their simplicity and efficiency, the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) EOS offers a more physically accurate representation of molecular interactions. Despite the potential of PC-SAFT EOS, the application to predict mixture critical points remains underexplored. These challenges primarily arise from computational complexities and spurious stationary points that have long limited the practical use of PC-SAFT EOS for mixture criticality.</div><div>This study performs a systematic evaluation of two critical point computational methods using PC-SAFT EOS. The critical point calculation methods are applied to compute mixture critical temperatures and pressures, vapor–liquid equilibrium phase envelopes, and to trace full critical loci. Furthermore, the evaluation covers many distinct multicomponent mixtures ranging from two to eleven components. By directly comparing our results against experimental data and the results yielded by CEOS, we provide an evaluation of the performance of PC-SAFT EOS in predicting the critical points of pure compounds and mixtures.</div><div>For pure compounds in the tested mixtures, the results show that Global Optimization (GO) method demonstrates slightly better performance than the Newton–Raphson (NR) method for critical temperature (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) predictions with Average Absolute Relative Deviations (AARD%) of 1.538%, while both show nearly identical performance for critical pressure (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) predictions. For mixtures, PC-SAFT-based NR demonstrates superior performance in predicting critical points with AARD% of 1.687% for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> predictions and 4.623% for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> predictions. In contrast, GO demonstrates higher deviations, particularly for some heavier mixtures. When calculating critical loci of mixtures, both methods produce root mean square error values with typical errors below 10 K for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> predictions and 0.5 MPa for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-quality margarida avocado oil obtained by Sc-CO2 compared to commercial hass avocado oil from cold pressing and comparative lipid profile analysis by UPC² and GC/MS","authors":"Kelly Roberta Pinheiro Pantoja ,&nbsp;Giselle Cristine Melo Aires ,&nbsp;Sophia Aimy Oppata ,&nbsp;João Pedro Ferraz de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Renato Macedo Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the extraction of avocado oil from the Margarida variety using supercritical CO₂, with the aim of obtaining a product of superior quality compared to commercial avocado oil from the Hass variety, obtained by cold pressing. The quality of the oils was evaluated in terms of their physicochemical properties, composition of bioactive compounds (fatty acids, lutein, phenolic compounds, and α-tocopherol), and nutritional quality indices. Additionally, the study assessed the reproducibility of Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography (UPC²) compared to Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) for the analysis of fatty acid profiles. The supercritical extraction yielded a high yield (44.90 %) and produced an oil with low levels of free fatty acids (1.04 %) and peroxides (7.03 meq/kg). The oil is rich in natural antioxidants, such as lutein (113.32 µg/g), phenolic compounds (137.75 µg GAE/g), and α-tocopherol (51.90 µg/g), and has a high concentration of beneficial fatty acids, with 44.41 % oleic acid and 28.37 % linoleic acid. With an excellent nutritional profile, evidenced by low atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. Statistical tests indicated no significant differences between the chromatographic techniques. Margarida oil demonstrates nutritional and functional properties superior to commercial Hass oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and formation mechanism of bimodal cell structure in TPU/PVDF foam using microwave heating foaming","authors":"Yichong Chen ,&nbsp;Yao Peng ,&nbsp;Wenyu Zhong ,&nbsp;Boda Du ,&nbsp;Jiayang Sun ,&nbsp;Xuwei Li ,&nbsp;Xiaojia Wang ,&nbsp;Dongdong Hu ,&nbsp;Ling Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer foams offer advantages including lightweight, high resilience, excellent thermal insulation, superior sound absorption, and effective energy dissipation. Those with bimodal cell structures exhibit outstanding cyclic compression performance and comprehensive properties, garnering significant research attention. Microwave heating, as a non-conventional technique, enables rapid and uniform heating with minimal thermal gradients. Introducing materials with differential microwave energy absorption capabilities into a polymer matrix, combined with microwave heating foaming after supercritical CO₂ saturation at 40 ℃, 8 MPa for 8 h and slow depressurization, provides an effective route to achieve polymer foams with bimodal cells. This work utilized incompatible TPU and PVDF as the matrix. A phase separated structure was formed within the TPU/PVDF composite system due to the inherent immiscibility of the two polymers, leveraging the inherent difference in microwave energy absorption between the two polymers to create a TPU/PVDF foam with a bimodal cell structure. The extent of phase separation in the TPU/PVDF composite was investigated using SEM and EDS. Subsequently, the influence of PVDF content on the melting and crystallization behavior, rheological properties, and uniaxial tensile behavior of the TPU/PVDF composites was examined. By controlling microwave radiation power and time, various bimodal cell structures were successfully fabricated within the TPU/PVDF composites. Finally, COMSOL Multiphysics simulations were employed to model the microwave heating effects in both TPU and TPU/PVDF. These simulations demonstrated the formation mechanism of the bimodal cell structure during the foaming process of the TPU/PVDF composite. This work establishes a novel processing strategy for designing high-performance polymer foams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145442088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorisation of tomato peel waste for lycopene encapsulation: Optimization and comparison of two green techniques","authors":"Junyang Li ,&nbsp;Chiara Bufalini ,&nbsp;Stefania Mottola ,&nbsp;Maria Chiara Iannaco ,&nbsp;Roberta Campardelli ,&nbsp;Iolanda De Marco","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lycopene, a lipid-soluble carotenoid with potent antioxidant properties, is typically found in tomato peels, which are often discarded as by-products in the food industry. This study focused on extracting lycopene using solvent extraction and encapsulating it in polycaprolactone (PCL), a biodegradable polymer, using two different methods: solvent evaporation and supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE). Both methods were used to produce microparticles for nutraceutical applications. An optimization study based on Box-Behnken design and response surface modelling was conducted to assess the effects of emulsification stirring speed, emulsification time, and polymer amount on encapsulation efficiency and particle size. Particle sizes, measured by laser diffraction, ranged between 1.77 ± 0.10 and 2.82 ± 0.17 μm for solvent evaporation, and between 1.12 ± 0.03 and 2.72 ± 0.15 μm for SEE. Encapsulation efficiencies, measured by UV–vis spectroscopy, ranged between 28.45 ± 0.28 % and 89.94 ± 1.70 % for solvent evaporation, and between 66.52 ± 0.64 % and 89.45 ± 1.31 % for SEE. Results show that SEE yields more consistent encapsulation efficiencies compared to solvent evaporation. Additionally, the design of experiments (DoE) approach helped identify optimal conditions that minimize waste and maximize productivity. This work offers a sustainable method for converting agro-industrial waste into valuable nutraceutical products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading and purification of biolubricants by extraction of fatty acid methyl esters with dense CO2","authors":"A. Pizzano ,&nbsp;S.B. Rodriguez Reartes ,&nbsp;P.E. Hegel","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last years, there has been an increasing use of eco-friendly lubricant options produced from renewable raw materials, which are less toxic to humans and ecosystems. As the demand for sustainable products rises, lubricants derived from vegetable oils and animal fats are gaining attraction. In this study, we evaluate the purification of a biolubricant synthesized via classical alkali-catalyst esterification of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with trimethylolpropane (TMP) using CO₂ as solvent media. Unlike conventional purification solvents, using CO₂ minimizes environmental impact and aligns with green chemistry principles. We investigate the purification and upgrading of the filtrated biolubricant (28 wt% FAME) using CO₂ -both in its liquid and supercritical states- as a green solvent for designing a more sustainable separation process. The study examines phase equilibria of the multicomponent mixture (liquid-liquid-vapor to liquid-vapor phase transition), solubility of biolubricant in CO₂ (8.0–22.4 mg/g biolubricant/CO₂ according to operating conditions) and the purification process. The final bio-based base oils are analyzed to determine their FAME content, viscosity, and viscosity index. Results show that purified bio-based base oils contain as little as 2.9 wt% FAME, with a viscosity of 0.051 Pa.s at 313.2 K and a viscosity index of 196, comparable to those of the trimethylolpropane triolein standard. These findings suggest that the bio-based base oils produced and purified are suitable for lubrication applications, matching or exceeding the quality of conventional lubricants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106814"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}