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Women’s Leadership Development: A Social Cognitive Approach 女性领导力发展:一种社会认知方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/jesp.v7n1p8
Laura Baker, Elias A. Demetriades, Saba Senses-Ozyurt
Despite the preponderance of evidence that achieving gender balance in corporate leadership ranks is a value proposition which results in higher profits and better overall corporate performance, little research has been done to question the efficacy of existing leadership development constructs for women. This study used a multiphase, mixed-methods approach to explore which factors influence women’s leadership development in male dominated organizational setting. The study included seven interview participants and38 survey respondents. All participants were female supervisors aged 26-72 working in a male dominated and technical organization. Results from the semi-structured interviews were used to shape the survey content which included open ended, scaled, and multiple choice questions. Results from both the interviews and the surveys revealed that women predominately learn leadership through social cognitive interactions, followed by experiential learning. Work sponsored courses were the primary source of leadership doctrine. The study utilized a sequential, two-phased mixed methods approach. The first phase consisted of semi-structured one-on-one interviews with female participants selected randomly from the organization‘s e-mail distribution list. To facilitate this, all women on the electronic distribution list were assigned a number. A random number generator was then used to select women for the interviews. Twenty one women were sent an e-mail invitation requesting volunteers to participate. Seven women responded indicating they would like to participate. The interviews were scheduled and conducted at the women‘s places of work in their private offices. Using thematic, phenomenological analysis of the interview content, primary outcomes were extracted. These findings were then used to create online survey questions for a larger sample population. The surveys were administered by sending a new e-mail invitation out to the remaining female leaders that did not participate in interviews. The e-mail requested voluntary participation and contained a link to the online survey. The survey results were utilized to perform more detailed quantitative analyses and obtain a deeper understanding of women‘s leadership development. development. They learn how to lead by watching and interacting with other good and bad leaders. Second to social-cognitive learning, the results demonstrated that experiential learning also had a significant influence on women‘s leadership development, particularly with regard to facing and overcoming adversity. These findings demonstrate the importance of having positive role models in organizations desiring to achieve gender balance among their leadership ranks. Champions for women leaders can be male or female, so long as they satisfy the need for interaction, connectedness, and encouragement in order to help build confidence and encourage the women to pursue leadership training, promotions, and stretch assignments.
尽管有大量证据表明,在企业领导层中实现性别平衡是一种价值主张,可以带来更高的利润和更好的整体企业绩效,但很少有研究对现有的女性领导力发展结构的有效性提出质疑。本研究采用多阶段、混合方法探讨在男性主导的组织环境中影响女性领导力发展的因素。该研究包括7名访谈参与者和38名调查对象。所有参与者都是在男性主导的技术组织中工作的26-72岁的女性主管。半结构化访谈的结果用于形成调查内容,其中包括开放式,缩放和多项选择题。公司赞助的课程是领导理论的主要来源。该研究采用了连续的、两阶段的混合方法。第一阶段是对从该组织的电子邮件分发名单中随机挑选的女性参与者进行半结构化的一对一访谈。为了方便起见,电子分发名单上的所有妇女都分配了一个号码。然后使用随机数生成器来选择参加访谈的女性。研究人员向21名女性发送了一封电子邮件,邀请她们自愿参加。七名女性回应说她们愿意参加。面谈安排在妇女的工作地点,在她们的私人办公室进行。通过对访谈内容的专题、现象学分析,提取了主要结果。这些发现随后被用于为更大的样本人群创建在线调查问题。这些调查是通过向其余未参加访谈的女性领导人发出新的电子邮件邀请来进行的。这封电子邮件要求自愿参与,并附有在线调查的链接。利用调查结果进行更详细的定量分析,对女性领导力发展有更深入的了解。发展。他们通过观察和与其他优秀和糟糕的领导者互动来学习如何领导。其次是社会认知学习,结果表明,体验式学习对女性领导力发展也有显著影响,特别是在面对和克服逆境方面。这些发现表明,在希望实现领导阶层性别平衡的组织中,树立积极的榜样是非常重要的。女性领导者的拥护者可以是男性也可以是女性,只要他们能满足互动、联系和鼓励的需要,以帮助建立信心,并鼓励女性追求领导力培训、晋升和扩展任务。
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引用次数: 1
Teachers’ Sex and Students’ Preferences of Teachers’ Personality Traits among Selected Public Junior High School in Western Misamis Oriental, Philippines 菲律宾西Misamis - Oriental公立初中教师性别与学生对教师人格特质的偏好
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/jesp.v7n2p9
Dulce Ann Laput Gaid, Bella C. Mugot
This study was designed to determine the teachers’ sex and students’ preferences of teachers’ personality traits among selected Public High School. It aimed to determine the significant difference between the teachers’ sex and students’ preference of teachers’ personality traits when grouped to male and female, find out the significant difference between the teachers’ sex and students’ preference of teachers’ personality traits when grouped to year level, and find out the significant difference between the teachers’ sex and students’ preferences of teachers’ personality traits. There were four hundred two (402) male and female students of selected public Junior High School in Western Misamis Oriental, Philippines involved in the study. This study utilized the quantitative descriptive research design. Result showed that both male and female teachers revealed highly significant difference on teachers’ personality traits such as fair, democratic, responsive, understanding, kindly, stimulating, original, alert, attractive, and responsible. This study concluded that teachers’ sex can affect the students’ preferences on teachers’ personality traits.
本研究旨在了解所选公立高中教师的性别及学生对教师人格特质的偏好。旨在确定教师性别与学生对教师人格特质偏好在男女分组时的显著差异,教师性别与学生对教师人格特质偏好在年级分组时的显著差异,教师性别与学生对教师人格特质偏好在年级分组时的显著差异,教师性别与学生对教师人格特质偏好的显著差异。本研究选取了菲律宾west Misamis Oriental公立初中的四百二(402)名男女学生参与。本研究采用定量描述性研究设计。结果表明,男女教师在公平、民主、反应灵敏、善解人意、善良、激励、独创、机敏、有吸引力、负责任等人格特质上存在显著差异。本研究的结论是教师的性别会影响学生对教师人格特质的偏好。
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引用次数: 0
Active Teaching of Primary School Pupils (I-III Grades) Using Mathematical Problems With the Content of Developmental and Interdisciplinary Skills 以发展性和跨学科技能为内容的数学问题在小学一至三年级的积极教学
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/jesp.v6n4p9
Tamar Dograshvili
Building the educational process in primary school on an active teaching, which is implemented by including mathematical problems with the content of developmental and interdisciplinary links in math classes makes the learning process intresteing and attractive and increases pupils’ interest. The paper dwells on the methodology for working out the systems of mathematical problems with the content of developmental and interdisciplinary links, which is based on the original scheme that we developed. There has been developed the methodology for teaching how to solve mathematical problems with the content of developmental and interdisciplinary links in primary school, psychological and pedagogical patterns of realizing these problems, indicators of including them in the teaching process and the results of the educational experiment, confirming that the the original approaches realized in this work ensure higher quality of mathematics education of primary school pupils and their inclusion in an active teaching using the systems of specially selectedproblems.
将小学教育过程建立在积极教学的基础上,通过在数学课中加入发展和跨学科联系的数学问题,使学习过程变得有趣和有吸引力,提高了学生的兴趣。本文在原有方案的基础上,探讨了建立具有发展和跨学科联系内容的数学问题体系的方法。已经发展了如何解决小学发展和跨学科联系内容的数学问题的教学方法,实现这些问题的心理和教学模式,将它们纳入教学过程的指标和教育实验的结果。确认在这项工作中实现的原始方法确保了小学生数学教育的更高质量,并使用专门选择的问题系统将他们纳入积极的教学中。
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引用次数: 0
Association between Written School Nutrition Wellness Policies and the Observed Nutrition Environment within the Elementary Schools 学校书面营养健康政策与观察到的小学营养环境之间的关系
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/jesp.v6n3p8
Shadai Martin, J. Meendering, L. McCormack
Background: Studies have demonstrated that written school wellness policies (SWPs) exist, but policies lack comprehensiveness and vary widely in strength of the language used to address mandated components. SWPs should support creating a healthy nutrition environment, however, it is unclear the extent to which they do. The aim of this study was to examine the association between overall quality (strength and comprehensiveness) of written SWPs and the observed physical, situational and policy nutrition environment and specific areas of interest within Midwestern elementary schools. Methods: Twenty-six schools were visited during the 2017-2018 academic year. At each school, SPAN-ET was used to assess the physical, situational and policy environment within the school. Schools were categorized as ‘poor’, ‘fair’, ‘good’ and ‘best’ in each nutrition environment section based on the number of criteria met within specific areas of interest. Written SWPs were scored by two trained researchers, using WellSAT 2.0, prior to the onsite school visit, and strength and comprehensiveness of written SWPs were determined. Results: Strength scores for the nutrition standards section of written SWPs were positively correlated with scores for the observed garden features area of interest (r = .55, p<.01) and comprehensiveness scores for the nutrition education section of written SWPs were negatively correlated with scores for the observed school meals area of interest (r = -.53, p<.05). Mean written SWP nutrition section scores did not vary across observed physical, situational or policy nutrition environment scores, or overall observed nutrition environment score. Conclusion: Examining written SWPs together with the observed school environment can help to identify gaps between how policies are written and how they are being implemented within schools. This information has the potential to shape policy development, implementation and in turn, the school nutrition environment.
背景:研究表明,存在书面学校健康政策(SWPs),但这些政策缺乏全面性,并且在处理强制性内容时使用的语言强度差异很大。SWPs应该支持创造一个健康的营养环境,然而,目前尚不清楚它们在多大程度上做到了这一点。本研究的目的是研究在中西部小学中,书面swp的整体质量(强度和综合性)与观察到的物理、情境和政策营养环境以及具体感兴趣的领域之间的关系。方法:在2017-2018学年对26所学校进行访问。在每个学校,SPAN-ET被用来评估学校内的物理、情景和政策环境。学校在每个营养环境部分被分为“差”、“一般”、“好”和“最好”,这是基于在特定领域内满足的标准数量。在现场学校访问之前,由两名训练有素的研究人员使用WellSAT 2.0对书面swp进行评分,并确定书面swp的强度和全面性。结果:书面SWPs营养标准部分的强度得分与观察到的花园特征感兴趣领域得分呈正相关(r = 0.55, p< 0.01),书面SWPs营养教育部分的综合得分与观察到的学校膳食感兴趣领域得分负相关(r = -)。53岁,p < . 05)。SWP营养部分的平均书面得分在观察到的物理、情境或政策营养环境得分或总体观察到的营养环境得分之间没有变化。结论:将书面的社会福利计划与观察到的学校环境结合起来,可以帮助确定政策的制定方式和政策在学校内的实施方式之间的差距。这些信息有可能影响政策的制定和实施,进而影响学校的营养环境。
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引用次数: 0
An Analysis of High School Mission Statements in Massachusetts from 2001 to 2019 2001年至2019年马萨诸塞州高中使命宣言分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/jesp.v7n2p1
Damian Bebell, Steven E. Stemler, D. Heimler
Through a study of school mission statements, this paper offers a unique examination and perspective on the shifting priorities of school. A random sample of 50 Massachusetts public high school mission statements was collected in 2001 and again in 2019. Analyzing the school mission statements using a pre-established coding rubric, 95% of schools had thematically changed their mission during this 18-year span. On average, the number of themes represented in mission statements increased from 5.1 to 6.2 per school. While emotional (91%), cognitive (86%), and civic (67%) development remained the most frequently occurring themes across mission statements, a significant increase in the frequency of career preparation (19% in 2001 to 38% in 2019) and challenging environment (38% in 2001 to 62% in 2019) was observed in 2019. Considerations of how local, state, and national reform efforts and policies may relate to trends in school purpose and mission statements themes are discussed.
通过对学校使命陈述的研究,本文提供了对学校优先事项转移的独特检查和视角。2001年和2019年分别随机抽取了50所马萨诸塞州公立高中的使命宣言。使用预先建立的编码规则分析学校的使命声明,95%的学校在这18年的时间里改变了他们的使命。平均而言,每所学校的使命陈述所代表的主题数量从5.1个增加到6.2个。虽然情感(91%)、认知(86%)和公民(67%)发展仍然是使命宣言中最常见的主题,但2019年观察到职业准备(2001年为19%,2019年为38%)和挑战环境(2001年为38%,2019年为62%)的频率显著增加。讨论了地方、州和国家的改革努力和政策如何与学校宗旨和使命宣言主题的趋势相关。
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引用次数: 2
I Pledge Allegiance 我宣誓效忠
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/JESP.V7N4P9
Eugenia Webb-Damron
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引用次数: 0
Navigating Internships and Field Experience in the Wake of a Global Pandemic: A Qualitative Examination of Two Undergraduate Program Experiences 在全球大流行之后的实习和实地经验:对两个本科项目经验的定性检查
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/jesp.v7n3p6
Nicola Davis Bivens, Y. M. Byrd
As a result of the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 90% of students across 192 countries, including the United States, were abruptly transitioned from face to face classes to virtual learning due to virus related closures (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2020). While most colleges and universities responded by transitioning all of their face to face courses virtually, that was not a viable or realistic option for students enrolled in for-credit, academic internship and field experience courses given the inherent nature of the courses where students work in a discipline or profession related organization under the supervision of a field supervisor and guided by internship faculty (Davis Bivens, 2011). The following article is a qualitative examination of two social and professional science programs, one in Criminology and the other Social Work, and their experience in successfully transitioning undergraduate internship courses from face to face to virtual courses amid the COVID-19 global pandemic. We make recommendations for faculty supervising internships, field experiences, and other experiential learning activities such as service learning and co-operative education, to anticipate for and prepare for disruptions due to disasters, pandemics, and other critical incidents.
由于2019年COVID-19大流行,由于与病毒相关的关闭,包括美国在内的192个国家约90%的学生突然从面对面课程过渡到虚拟学习(联合国教育、科学及文化组织,2020年)。虽然大多数学院和大学的回应是将所有面对面的课程都虚拟地转变为面对面的课程,但对于参加学分、学术实习和实地体验课程的学生来说,这不是一个可行的或现实的选择,因为这些课程的固有性质是学生在一个学科或专业相关的组织中工作,在实地主管的监督下,并由实习教师指导(Davis Bivens, 2011)。以下文章是对两个社会和专业科学项目的定性研究,一个是犯罪学,另一个是社会工作,以及他们在2019冠状病毒病全球大流行期间成功将本科实习课程从面对面过渡到虚拟课程的经验。我们为监督实习、实地经验和其他体验式学习活动(如服务学习和合作教育)的教师提出建议,以预测和准备因灾害、流行病和其他关键事件而造成的中断。
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引用次数: 2
Critical Thinking and Its Assessment: A Literature Review with Special Reference in Greece and Cyprus 批判性思维及其评估:以希腊和塞浦路斯为特别参考文献综述
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/jesp.v6n2p9
Giorgos K. Fountzoulas, M. Koutsouba, Evgenia Nikolaki
Critical thinking as a cognitive process refers to the critical thinking skills of a conscious person who explores a situation or a problem from different perspectives. In order to measure this cognitive process and skills many tools have been established. However, the accurate assessment of critical thinking skills depends on the instruments’ properties being invariant or similar across cultural, ageing and other groups. For this reason, qualitative and quantitative assessments methods have been proposed and used. The aim of this study is to explore the concept of critical thinking and to present the critical thinking assessment tools used worldwide with special reference in Greece and Cyprus. For this purpose, literature-based research methodology was adopted that included analysis and evaluation of relevant published literature. The literature review showed that though many tools have been introduced for measuring critical thinking skills only thirteen of them have undergone the processes of validity and credibility procedures worldwide. Moreover, these thirteen tools include both qualitative and quantitative research methods, with qualitative ones to prevail. Finally, in Greece and Cyprus, the research of critical thinking and the assessment of critical thinking skills is a new established field and only few researches have been conducted using structured tools.
批判性思维作为一种认知过程,是指有意识的人从不同的角度对一个情况或问题进行探索的批判性思维能力。为了测量这种认知过程和技能,已经建立了许多工具。然而,对批判性思维技能的准确评估取决于工具的属性在不同文化、年龄和其他群体中是不变的或相似的。为此,提出并使用了定性和定量评价方法。本研究的目的是探讨批判性思维的概念,并提出批判性思维评估工具在世界范围内使用,特别参考在希腊和塞浦路斯。为此,我们采用文献为基础的研究方法,对相关已发表的文献进行分析和评价。文献综述表明,虽然已经引入了许多衡量批判性思维技能的工具,但其中只有13个在全球范围内经历了有效性和可信度程序的过程。此外,这13种工具包括定性和定量研究方法,以定性研究方法为主。最后,在希腊和塞浦路斯,批判性思维的研究和批判性思维技能的评估是一个新建立的领域,只有很少的研究使用结构化工具进行。
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引用次数: 3
Critical Review of Public Organ Donation Education Programs 公共器官捐献教育项目的评论
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/JESP.V6N1P6
F. Cantarovich
The persistent organ shortage shows that many people remain unresponsive to this dilemma. Increasing waiting list mortality notwithstanding social education has remained unchanged. The slogan considering that organ donation “is a gift of life” persists as the primary catchphrase on education campaigns. Fear of death, mutilation, distrust of medical teams and religious uncertainty are possible barriers to donation along with lack of information and education on what organ transplants mean nowadays for society. People’s acknowledgment of slogans such as: “Throughout our lives we are all potential recipients of organs and tissues”; “The body after death is a unique source of health for all” and the catchphrase”; Sharing the donated organs could be a social agreement”, should be considered as expression of promising educational programs. Finally, a curricular programming in donation and transplants in schools and universities will be an important contribution in the search for solution of this critical problem.
持续的器官短缺表明,许多人对这种困境仍然没有反应。尽管接受了社会教育,但等候名单上的死亡率仍在上升。考虑到器官捐赠是“生命的礼物”,这一口号一直是教育活动的主要口号。对死亡的恐惧、残害、对医疗团队的不信任和宗教的不确定性,以及缺乏关于器官移植对当今社会意味着什么的信息和教育,都可能成为捐赠的障碍。人们对以下口号的认可:“在我们的一生中,我们都是器官和组织的潜在接受者”;“死后的身体是所有人健康的独特来源”和口号“;共享捐赠器官可能是一种社会协议”,应该被视为有前途的教育项目的表达。最后,学校和大学的捐赠和移植课程规划将是寻求解决这一关键问题的重要贡献。
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引用次数: 3
The Use of Predictive Analytics to Shift the Culture of Academic Advising Toward a Focus on Student Success 使用预测分析将学术咨询文化转向关注学生的成功
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/jesp.v7n3p3
Paul R. Bowdre
This paper explores the use of data through a predictive analytical approach to shift the current culture of academic advising from one of compliance to one that focuses on student learning and success in all areas of an educational experience.As educational institutions demonstrate an ever-increasing reliance on the use of data to make evidence-based decisions, the use of much of the same data can be used to develop an evidence-based profile of student performance. Advisors using analytics can predict future outcomes and proactively guide students to make betterdecisions regarding their selection of an academic major or coursework pathways, improving a student’s likelihood of attaining a degree and consequent success in a given field. Due to the technological advances in the areas of educational data mining and the use of analytics, the capacity to guide students using rational, evidence-based information is now a possibility. This paper sets the stage for the use of predictive analytics that can influence a cultural shift in academic advising while offering caution that educational institutions must assess the quality of the data decisions that are being made.
本文通过预测分析方法探讨了数据的使用,将当前的学术建议文化从一种遵从性转变为一种关注学生学习和教育经验各个领域的成功的文化。由于教育机构越来越依赖于使用数据来做出基于证据的决策,因此可以使用大部分相同的数据来开发基于证据的学生表现概况。使用分析的顾问可以预测未来的结果,并主动指导学生在选择学术专业或课程路径时做出更好的决定,从而提高学生获得学位的可能性,并在特定领域取得成功。由于教育数据挖掘和分析使用领域的技术进步,现在有可能使用合理的、基于证据的信息来指导学生。本文为预测分析的使用奠定了基础,预测分析可以影响学术咨询的文化转变,同时提醒教育机构必须评估正在做出的数据决策的质量。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Education & Social Policy
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