Lili Chen, U. Cikalova, B. Bendjus, S. Muench, M. Roellig
Abstract. Advanced ceramic components are frequently used in industrial applications. As a brittle material, ceramic reacts very suddenly to excessively high stresses. Existing defects lead to rapid crack growth followed by spontaneous destruction. This leads to a functional failure of the entire component. It is therefore important to develop innovative techniques to ensure a good quality condition of ceramic products. Laser speckle photometry (LSP) is an optical nondestructive testing method. It is based on the dynamic analysis of time-resolved speckle patterns that are generated by an external excitation. In this paper, we will present two investigations on ceramic components using the LSP technique. One is the nondestructive stress characterization on ceramic surfaces, and the other is the defect detection on ceramics components. The aim is to improve the quality and safety control of ceramic production in the challenging industrial field. Preliminary results have shown the potential of the LSP sensor system for the nondestructive characterization of ceramics in terms of stress monitoring and surface defect detection.
{"title":"Characterization of ceramics based on laser speckle photometry","authors":"Lili Chen, U. Cikalova, B. Bendjus, S. Muench, M. Roellig","doi":"10.5194/jsss-9-345-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-345-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Advanced ceramic components are frequently used in\u0000industrial applications. As a brittle material, ceramic reacts very suddenly to excessively high stresses. Existing defects lead to rapid crack growth followed by spontaneous destruction. This leads to a functional failure of the entire component. It is therefore important to develop innovative techniques to ensure a good quality condition of ceramic products. Laser speckle photometry (LSP) is an optical nondestructive testing method. It is based on the dynamic analysis of time-resolved speckle patterns that are generated by an external excitation. In this paper, we will present two investigations on ceramic components using the LSP technique. One is the nondestructive stress characterization on ceramic surfaces, and the other is the defect detection on ceramics components. The aim is to improve the quality and safety control of ceramic production in the challenging industrial field. Preliminary results have shown the potential of the LSP sensor system for the nondestructive characterization of ceramics in terms of stress monitoring and surface defect detection.","PeriodicalId":17167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"345-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42943924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Herrmann, G. Hagen, J. Kita, F. Noack, D. Bleicker, R. Moos
Abstract. Due to tightened emission limits, the efficiency of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems has to be further enhanced. Therefore, inexpensive and robust NOx sensors are required to be installed not only in automotive exhausts, but also in any other kind of combustion-based application. In this contribution, an impedimetric NOx sensor is presented. The impedance of a functional thick film ( KMnO4 , manufactured in a screen-printing technique on planar alumina substrates) depends selectively on the NOx concentration in the exhaust but shows a dependency on the oxygen concentration. Therefore, an additional temperature-independent resistive oxygen sensor structure was integrated on the same sensor platform. BFAT ( BaFe0.74Al0.01Ta0.25O3−δ ( BaFe0.74Al0.01Ta0.25O3−δ ) was used for this purpose, and the measurement was conducted in the dc resistance mode. It serves not only to determine the oxygen concentration in the exhaust, but also to correct the oxygen dependency of the NOx sensor.
{"title":"Multi-gas sensor to detect simultaneously nitrogen oxides and oxygen","authors":"J. Herrmann, G. Hagen, J. Kita, F. Noack, D. Bleicker, R. Moos","doi":"10.5194/jsss-9-327-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-327-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Due to tightened emission limits, the efficiency of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems has to be further enhanced. Therefore, inexpensive and robust NOx sensors are required to be installed not\u0000only in automotive exhausts, but also in any other kind of combustion-based application. In this contribution, an impedimetric NOx sensor is presented. The impedance of a functional thick film ( KMnO4 , manufactured in a screen-printing technique on planar alumina substrates) depends selectively on the NOx concentration in the exhaust but shows a dependency on the oxygen concentration. Therefore, an additional temperature-independent resistive oxygen sensor structure was integrated on the same sensor platform. BFAT ( BaFe0.74Al0.01Ta0.25O3−δ ( BaFe0.74Al0.01Ta0.25O3−δ ) was used for this\u0000purpose, and the measurement was conducted in the dc resistance mode. It serves not only to determine the oxygen concentration in the exhaust, but also to correct the oxygen dependency of the NOx sensor.","PeriodicalId":17167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"327-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41472289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the capabilities of a tactile sensor based on magneto-sensitive elastomers (MSEs). The main feature of the sensor is the determination of the position of indentation. The principle is based on inductance measurements of multiple planar coils and a soft magneto-sensitive layer. The proposed prototype consists of a linear array of hexagonal coils with overlapping sections. First, the results of the experiments are presented, which include a sampling of a sensor region with indentations of constant depth. Subsequently, we introduce a mathematical model based on the bell-shaped flux density distribution of a planar coil. This model consists of ellipse equations with three parameters and a polynomial fit for each parameter. Finally, solving the system of equations results in the determination of the x coordinate of the indentation.
{"title":"A tactile sensor based on magneto-sensitive elastomer to determine the position of an indentation","authors":"S. Gast, K. Zimmermann","doi":"10.5194/jsss-9-319-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-319-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the capabilities of a tactile sensor based on magneto-sensitive elastomers (MSEs). The main feature of the sensor is the determination of the position of indentation. The principle is based on inductance measurements of multiple planar coils and a soft magneto-sensitive layer. The proposed prototype consists of a linear array of hexagonal coils with overlapping sections. First, the results of the experiments are presented, which include a sampling of a sensor region with indentations of constant depth. Subsequently, we introduce a mathematical model based on the bell-shaped flux density distribution of a planar coil. This model consists of ellipse equations with three parameters and a polynomial fit for each parameter. Finally, solving the system of equations results in the determination of the x coordinate of the indentation.","PeriodicalId":17167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"319-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47873743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Sood, J. Zosel, M. Mertig, W. Oelssner, O. Herrmann, M. Woratz
Abstract. A miniaturized field-applicable sensor system was developed for the measurement of hydrogen ( H2 ) in air in the concentration range 0.2–200 ppmv. The sensor system is based on the application of an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid electrolyte cell (SEC) as a coulometric detector with gas chromatographic (GC) pre-separation. The main system components for injection, chromatographic separation, and the oxygen pumping cell were significantly miniaturized and tested separately to characterize important measurement properties like selectivity, lower limit of detection, repeatability, and signal-to-noise ratio. Measurements were conducted under varying GC parameters and detector operating conditions. While changing the detector temperature influences the hydrogen peak significantly due to diffusion processes at the electrode–electrolyte interface; different oxygen-partial pressures at the measuring electrode have no visible effect. The combination of two packed columns with 1 m length, one filled with a molecular sieve (13 X ) and the other one with silica gel, enabled highly reproducible and selective H2 measurements with more than 90 % analyte turnover compared to Faraday's law. The resulting insights were used to define appropriate system parameters, construction guidelines, and material properties for the final test prototype.
{"title":"Development and test of a highly sensitive and selective hydrogen sensor system","authors":"P. Sood, J. Zosel, M. Mertig, W. Oelssner, O. Herrmann, M. Woratz","doi":"10.5194/jsss-9-309-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-309-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A miniaturized field-applicable sensor system was developed for the measurement of hydrogen ( H2 ) in air in the concentration range 0.2–200 ppmv. The sensor system is based on the application of an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid electrolyte cell (SEC) as a coulometric detector with gas chromatographic (GC) pre-separation. The main system components for injection, chromatographic separation, and the oxygen pumping cell were significantly miniaturized and tested separately to characterize important measurement properties like selectivity, lower limit of detection, repeatability, and signal-to-noise ratio. Measurements were conducted under varying GC parameters and detector operating conditions. While changing the detector temperature influences the hydrogen peak significantly due to diffusion processes at the electrode–electrolyte interface; different oxygen-partial pressures at the measuring electrode have no visible effect. The combination of two packed columns with 1 m length, one filled with a molecular sieve (13 X ) and the other one with silica gel, enabled highly reproducible and selective H2 measurements with more than 90 % analyte turnover compared to Faraday's law. The resulting insights were\u0000used to define appropriate system parameters, construction guidelines, and\u0000material properties for the final test prototype.","PeriodicalId":17167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"309-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44379719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Donker, A. Ruchets, D. Schönauer-Kamin, J. Zosel, U. Guth, R. Moos
Abstract. Symmetrical Pt | YSZ | Pt sensors were produced by screen printing with frit-containing and fritless Pt pastes and fired at 950, 1100, and 1300 ∘ C. Subsequently, the sensors were operated by pulsed polarization, and the NO sensitivity was investigated. The sensitivity of the sensors with fritless pastes was found to be significantly higher. The influence of the firing temperature was low in contrast to the influence of the paste. The low NO sensitivity of the frit-containing electrodes was attributed to a blocking effect that probably occurs at the triple-phase boundaries. Therefore, the oxygen transport through the sensor is inhibited, which, however, seems to be necessary for the sensor effect.
{"title":"Influence of Pt paste and the firing temperature of screen-printed electrodes on the NO detection by pulsed polarization","authors":"N. Donker, A. Ruchets, D. Schönauer-Kamin, J. Zosel, U. Guth, R. Moos","doi":"10.5194/JSSS-9-293-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/JSSS-9-293-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Symmetrical Pt | YSZ | Pt sensors were\u0000produced by screen printing with frit-containing and fritless Pt pastes and\u0000fired at 950, 1100, and 1300 ∘ C. Subsequently, the sensors were\u0000operated by pulsed polarization, and the NO sensitivity was investigated. The\u0000sensitivity of the sensors with fritless pastes was found to be\u0000significantly higher. The influence of the firing temperature was low in\u0000contrast to the influence of the paste. The low NO sensitivity of the\u0000frit-containing electrodes was attributed to a blocking effect that probably\u0000occurs at the triple-phase boundaries. Therefore, the oxygen transport\u0000through the sensor is inhibited, which, however, seems to be necessary for\u0000the sensor effect.","PeriodicalId":17167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42652080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Schultealbert, Iklim Uzun, T. Baur, T. Sauerwald, A. Schütze
Abstract. The impact of a hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) treatment on the response of doped SnO2 sensors is investigated for acetone, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The sensor was operated in temperature cycles based on the DSR concept (differential surface reduction). According to this concept, the rate constants for the reduction and oxidation of the surface after fast temperature changes can be evaluated and used for quantification of reducing gases as well as quantification and compensation of sensor poisoning by siloxanes, which is shown in this work. Increasing HMDSO exposure reduces the rate constants and therefore the sensitivity of the sensor more and more for all processes. On the other hand, while the rate constants for acetone and carbon monoxide are reduced nearly to zero already for short treatments, the hydrogen sensitivity remains fairly stable, which greatly increases the selectivity. During repeated HMDSO treatment the quasistatic sensitivity, i.e. equilibrium sensitivity at one point during the temperature cycle, rises at first for all gases but then drops rapidly for acetone and carbon monoxide, which can also be explained by reduced rate constants for oxygen chemisorption on the sensor surface when considering the generation of surface charge.
{"title":"Siloxane treatment of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors in temperature-cycled operation – sensitivity and selectivity","authors":"Caroline Schultealbert, Iklim Uzun, T. Baur, T. Sauerwald, A. Schütze","doi":"10.5194/jsss-9-283-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-283-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The impact of a hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) treatment on the response of doped SnO2 sensors is investigated for acetone, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The sensor was operated in temperature cycles based on the DSR concept (differential surface reduction). According to this concept, the rate constants for the reduction and oxidation of the surface after fast temperature changes can be evaluated and used for quantification of reducing gases as well as quantification and compensation of sensor poisoning by siloxanes, which is shown in this work. Increasing HMDSO exposure reduces the rate constants and therefore the sensitivity of the\u0000sensor more and more for all processes. On the other hand, while the rate\u0000constants for acetone and carbon monoxide are reduced nearly to zero already\u0000for short treatments, the hydrogen sensitivity remains fairly stable, which greatly increases the selectivity. During repeated HMDSO treatment the\u0000quasistatic sensitivity, i.e. equilibrium sensitivity at one point during\u0000the temperature cycle, rises at first for all gases but then drops rapidly for acetone and carbon monoxide, which can also be explained by reduced rate\u0000constants for oxygen chemisorption on the sensor surface when considering\u0000the generation of surface charge.","PeriodicalId":17167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48258043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The required reliability of wind turbine gearboxes increases the requirements for large gear measurements. Extensive measurements to reliably assess the geometry of large gears in the single micrometer range are necessary. Due to an individually fixed measuring volume, standard methods like coordinate and gear measuring instruments reach their limits for large gears with diameters > 1 m. Therefore, a scalable optical measurement approach consisting of a single sensor in combination with a rotary table for multi-distance measurements with subsequent model-based evaluation of shape parameters of gears is presented. The scalable measurement approach is to be extended to a multisensory system in further work. As a fundamental shape parameter the mean base circle radius using the example of spur gears is determined. The base circle radius is used due to the geometric relationship to further shape parameters for example to the profile slope deviation. The theoretically achievable measurement uncertainty of the mean base circle radius due to sensor noise is estimated to less than 5 µ m ( k=2 ) for a small and a large gear, which verifies the scalability of the sensor system. In order to show a general proof of principle, two series of optical measurements on a gear with a diameter of 0.105 m are performed and referenced with a tactile measurement. As a result, random errors of 1.2 µ m for k=2 are determined. The remaining systematic deviations to the reference value amount to 4.3 and 1.6 µ m, respectively. Hence, the total measurement uncertainty is currently limited by systematic effects, and the defined aim of a total uncertainty of less than 5 µ m ( k=2 ) is narrowly missed by 1.5 µ m. The random errors of 1.2 µ m ( k=2 ) show, however, that an adequate measurement precision is achieved and that the multi-distance measurement approach has the potential to reach the aimed measurement uncertainty with appropriate strategies to compensate for the systematic influences. The experimental and theoretical results prove the principle applicability of the proposed single sensor multi-distance approach for the precise inspection of gears.
{"title":"Determination of the mean base circle radius of gears by optical multi-distance measurements","authors":"M. Pillarz, A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer","doi":"10.5194/jsss-9-273-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-273-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The required reliability of wind turbine gearboxes increases the requirements for large gear measurements. Extensive measurements to reliably assess the geometry of large gears in the single micrometer range are necessary. Due to an individually fixed measuring volume, standard methods like coordinate and gear measuring instruments reach their limits for large gears with diameters > 1 m. Therefore, a scalable optical measurement approach consisting of a single sensor in combination with a rotary table for multi-distance measurements with subsequent model-based evaluation of shape parameters of gears is presented. The scalable measurement approach is to be extended to a multisensory system in further work. As a fundamental shape parameter the mean base circle radius using the example of spur gears is determined. The base circle radius is used due to the geometric relationship to further shape parameters for example to the profile slope deviation. The theoretically achievable measurement uncertainty of the mean base circle radius due to sensor noise is estimated to less than 5 µ m ( k=2 ) for a small and a large gear, which verifies the scalability of the sensor system. In order to show a general proof of principle, two series of optical measurements on a gear with a diameter of 0.105 m are performed and referenced with a tactile measurement. As a result, random errors of 1.2 µ m for k=2 are determined. The remaining systematic deviations to the reference value amount to 4.3 and 1.6 µ m, respectively. Hence, the total measurement uncertainty is currently limited by systematic effects, and the defined aim of a total uncertainty of less than 5 µ m ( k=2 ) is narrowly missed by 1.5 µ m. The random errors of 1.2 µ m ( k=2 ) show, however, that an adequate measurement precision is achieved and that the multi-distance measurement approach has the potential to reach the aimed measurement uncertainty with appropriate strategies to compensate for the systematic influences. The experimental and theoretical results prove the principle applicability of the proposed single sensor multi-distance approach for the precise inspection of gears.","PeriodicalId":17167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"273-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49383981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. For the purposes of the onboard diagnosis (OBD) of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in diesel exhaust treatment systems, a particulate matter (PM) sensor is applied downstream from the DPFs to detect small amounts of diesel soot that passed through the filter. The state-of-the-art technology is a sensor based on the resistive measurement principle, i.e., charged soot particles are attracted by electrophoretic forces, deposited on an interdigital electrode (IDE) structure and conductive soot bridges that reduce the overall resistance are formed. This paper reports how the response time of a resistively working particulate matter sensor can be shortened up to 30 % by the optimization of soot deposition that is initiated by a change in the sensor operation strategy. The measurement voltage is applied for prepolarization during the sensor regeneration phase rather than during the cooling phase before the measurement is commonly done. Experiments were performed at diesel engine test benches to examine this context and simulations of the electric field above and below the IDE structure. The data are used to deduct a model, including the solid state chemistry of the sensor's ceramic materials, the effect of impurities on the electric field properties and the interconnection with the soot deposition, which defines the sensor's response.
{"title":"Optimization of soot deposition by high-temperature prepolarization of a resistive particulate matter sensor","authors":"J. Ebel, Carolin Schilling, H. Fritze","doi":"10.5194/jsss-9-263-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-263-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. For the purposes of the onboard diagnosis (OBD) of diesel particulate\u0000filters (DPFs) in diesel exhaust treatment systems, a particulate matter\u0000(PM) sensor is applied downstream from the DPFs to detect small amounts of\u0000diesel soot that passed through the filter. The state-of-the-art technology is a sensor based on the resistive measurement principle, i.e., charged soot particles are attracted by electrophoretic forces, deposited on an interdigital electrode (IDE) structure and conductive soot bridges that reduce the overall resistance are formed. This paper reports\u0000how the response time of a resistively working particulate matter sensor can be\u0000shortened up to 30 % by the optimization of soot deposition\u0000that is initiated by a change in the sensor operation strategy. The\u0000measurement voltage is applied for prepolarization during the sensor regeneration phase rather than during the cooling phase before the\u0000measurement is commonly done. Experiments were performed at diesel\u0000engine test benches to examine this context and simulations of\u0000the electric field above and below the IDE structure. The data are used\u0000to deduct a model, including the solid state chemistry of the sensor's\u0000ceramic materials, the effect of impurities on the electric field\u0000properties and the interconnection with the soot deposition, which\u0000defines the sensor's response.","PeriodicalId":17167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"263-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42072638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Berger, M. Sehlmeyer, F. Sellering, H. Röhrich, T. Perl, H. Mansour, D. Baasner, S. Zimmermann
Abstract. The individualization of dialysis treatment using a customized dialysate composition usually requires a continuous measurement of electrolytes and urea in blood. The current practices are spot measurements of blood samples either with blood gas analyzers or in the laboratory, involving considerable personnel effort. Furthermore, the measured values are time delayed and not available in a continuous fashion. In this paper we investigate an in-line concept for continuous monitoring of important blood parameters such as sodium, potassium, calcium and urea concentrations in blood serum using ion-selective electrodes. This concept is evaluated in a preclinical study with human packed red blood cells as a test medium over a period of 7 h. It has been shown that the electrolytes can be well monitored. In addition, we present first measurements with ion-sensitive field-effect transistors in a miniaturized sensor assembly. Therefore, new low-cost electronics for such ion-sensitive field-effect transistors have been developed.
{"title":"In-line monitoring of electrolytes and urea during continuous renal replacement therapy","authors":"M. Berger, M. Sehlmeyer, F. Sellering, H. Röhrich, T. Perl, H. Mansour, D. Baasner, S. Zimmermann","doi":"10.5194/jsss-9-251-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-251-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The individualization of dialysis treatment using a\u0000customized dialysate composition usually requires a continuous measurement\u0000of electrolytes and urea in blood. The current practices are spot\u0000measurements of blood samples either with blood gas analyzers or in the\u0000laboratory, involving considerable personnel effort. Furthermore, the\u0000measured values are time delayed and not available in a continuous\u0000fashion. In this paper we investigate an in-line concept for continuous\u0000monitoring of important blood parameters such as sodium, potassium, calcium\u0000and urea concentrations in blood serum using ion-selective electrodes. This\u0000concept is evaluated in a preclinical study with human packed red blood\u0000cells as a test medium over a period of 7 h. It has been shown that the\u0000electrolytes can be well monitored. In addition, we present first\u0000measurements with ion-sensitive field-effect transistors in a\u0000miniaturized sensor assembly. Therefore, new low-cost electronics for such\u0000ion-sensitive field-effect transistors have been developed.","PeriodicalId":17167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"251-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44244638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gnauert, G. Jacobs, S. Kock, D. Bosse, B. Janik
Abstract. This paper covers the design study of a multicomponent transducer (MCT) for wind turbine test benches. The MCT will cover the characteristics of wind turbines in the power range of up to 6 MW. The motivation to develop a MCT such as this is to provide satisfying measurement accuracy of loads and moments for all 6 degrees of freedom in order to reduce the uncertainty in the traceability of the drive train behavior due to the applied loads. Therefore, the estimation of the measurement uncertainty is significant with respect to evaluating the design of the MCT. First, the design process of the MCT is briefly introduced. Second, the strain-gauge-based transducer design is investigated under operational conditions (e.g., torque and multiaxial loads) using finite element (FE) simulations to determine the crosstalk effects. Finally, the measurement uncertainties of all quantities are estimated based on these FE simulations according to the type B evaluation of the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (GUM; JCGM, 2010), including metrological aspects (e.g., linearity deviation and hysteresis) and the crosstalk. It can be shown that the MCT has great potential to significantly improve the measurement uncertainty for the applied wind loads on a wind turbine test bench.
{"title":"Design study for a multicomponent transducer for wind turbine test benches","authors":"J. Gnauert, G. Jacobs, S. Kock, D. Bosse, B. Janik","doi":"10.5194/jsss-9-239-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-239-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper covers the design study of a multicomponent transducer (MCT) for wind turbine test benches. The MCT will cover the characteristics of wind turbines in the power range of up to 6 MW. The motivation to develop a MCT such as this is to provide satisfying measurement accuracy of loads and moments for all 6 degrees of freedom in order to reduce the uncertainty in the traceability of the drive train behavior due to the applied loads. Therefore, the estimation of the measurement uncertainty is significant with respect to evaluating the design of the MCT. First, the design process of the MCT is briefly introduced. Second, the strain-gauge-based transducer design is investigated under operational conditions (e.g., torque and multiaxial loads) using finite element (FE) simulations to determine the crosstalk effects. Finally, the measurement uncertainties of all quantities are estimated based on these FE simulations according to the type B evaluation of the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in\u0000Measurement” (GUM; JCGM, 2010), including metrological aspects (e.g., linearity deviation and hysteresis) and the crosstalk. It can be shown that the MCT has great potential to significantly improve the\u0000measurement uncertainty for the applied wind loads on a wind turbine test\u0000bench.","PeriodicalId":17167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"239-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43866124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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