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Shared Decision-Making on Tobacco Smoking by Older Adults Living in Residential Care Facilities: Care Professionals' Perspectives. 居住在住宿照护机构的长者吸烟的共同决策:照护专业人士的观点。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105466
Lisette de Graaf, Tineke Roelofs, Meriam Janssen, Sascha Bolt, Katrien Luijkx

Objectives: Older adults with physical or cognitive disabilities may need to move to residential care facilities (RCFs). Some older adults smoke tobacco and become dependent on their care professionals to continue smoking. Care professionals need to balance an individual resident's quality of life and well-being with the health and safety of all residents and staff. Shared decision-making (SDM) could support care professionals in these dilemmas. This study assesses multiple factors that could affect care professionals' behavior and degree of SDM regarding residents' tobacco use.

Design: We conducted quantitative cross-sectional research.

Setting and participants: We included care professionals working in psychogeriatric and somatic units in Dutch RCFs.

Methods: Data were collected with an online or hard copy survey and analyzed with t-tests and regression analyses using SPSS.

Results: Care professionals' positive attitudes toward residents' tobacco use are significantly associated with a lower degree of SDM concerning this use and enabling residents to smoke more often. The degree of SDM regarding residents' tobacco use is significantly positively associated with limiting residents' tobacco use and the degree of person-centered care (PCC). Care professionals working in somatic units report a significantly higher degree of SDM regarding residents' tobacco use compared with those working in psychogeriatric units.

Conclusions and implications: Residents' wish to smoke tobacco is a complex matter within RCFs. Care professionals' attitudes cause inconsistencies in their behavior and the degree of SDM. Moreover, care professionals tend to use SDM more often when they need to limit residents' use and cannot fulfill residents' unhealthy habits, such as smoking tobacco. SDM could support care professionals to deal with dilemmas regarding residents' tobacco use by including residents in decisions, regardless of the outcome. However, multiple factors affect care professionals' behavior and the degree of SDM. Especially, their attitudes need to be addressed. SDM is further complicated by national acts and organizational policies.

目的:有身体或认知障碍的老年人可能需要转移到住宿护理机构(rcf)。一些老年人吸烟,并依赖他们的护理专业人员继续吸烟。护理专业人员需要平衡个体居民的生活质量和福祉与所有居民和工作人员的健康和安全。共同决策(SDM)可以在这些困境中支持护理专业人员。本研究评估了可能影响居民烟草使用的医护人员行为和SDM程度的多种因素。设计:我们进行了定量的横断面研究。环境和参与者:我们包括在荷兰rcf的老年精神科和躯体科工作的护理专业人员。方法:采用在线问卷或纸质问卷收集资料,采用SPSS统计软件进行t检验和回归分析。结果:医护人员对居民烟草使用的积极态度与居民对烟草使用的SDM程度较低、使居民更经常吸烟显著相关。居民烟草使用SDM程度与限制居民烟草使用和以人为本的护理程度呈显著正相关。与在老年精神科工作的医护人员相比,在躯体科工作的医护人员报告的关于居民烟草使用的SDM程度显著更高。结论和启示:居民吸烟意愿在rcf中是一个复杂的问题。护理专业人员的态度导致其行为与SDM程度的不一致。此外,当护理专业人员需要限制居民使用SDM,而不能满足居民吸烟等不健康习惯时,他们更倾向于使用SDM。SDM可以通过将居民纳入决策,无论结果如何,支持护理专业人员处理有关居民烟草使用的困境。然而,多种因素影响护理人员的行为和SDM程度。特别是,他们的态度需要改变。SDM因国家法令和组织政策而进一步复杂化。
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引用次数: 0
Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: Telemedicine Mental Health Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 患有痴呆症的长期护理之家居民:COVID-19大流行期间远程医疗心理健康的使用
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105438
Qiuyuan Qin, Helena Temkin-Greener, Adam Simning, Reza Yousefi-Nooraie, Shubing Cai

Objective: To examine racial and ethnic differences in telemedicine mental health (tele-MH) use among nursing home (NH) long-stay residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) during the pandemic.

Design: Observational study.

Setting and participants: The 2020-2021 Minimum Data Set 3.0, Medicare datasets, and Nursing Home Compare data were linked. A total of 259,467 NH long-stay residents with ADRD and 14,159 NHs were included.

Methods: The outcome variable was the percentage of NH ADRD long-stayers who used tele-MH in 2021. The main independent variables were NH racial and ethnic compositions (ie, percentages of Black and Hispanic residents) and individual race and ethnicity. We conducted a set of logistic regression models with NH random effect. We first included only individual characteristics and then added NH characteristics.

Results: Approximately 7% and 35% of the study cohort had tele-MH use and MH use in 2021, respectively. In our study cohort, 13.7% were Black, 6.6% were Hispanic, and 79.7% were white residents. The mean age was 83.4. After adjusting for NH characteristics, we found residents in NHs with a high proportion of Hispanic residents were more likely to use tele-MH both compared with those in NHs with a low proportion [odds ratio (OR), 1.867; 95% CI, 1.566-2.226], whereas residents in NHs with a high proportion of Black residents were less likely to use tele-MH both compared with those in NHs with a low proportion (OR, 0.843; 95% CI, 0.928-0.997).

Conclusions and implications: Telemedicine may offer an opportunity for NHs with a higher proportion of Hispanic residents to better address their needs for MH services. However, NHs with a higher proportion of Black residents may face challenges in telemedicine adoption. Future studies are needed to better understand factors that could impact tele-MH use in NHs and reasons that lead to racial and ethnic differences.

目的:探讨大流行期间阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆(ADRD)长期居住在养老院(NH)的居民远程医疗心理健康(tele-MH)使用的种族差异。设计:观察性研究。环境和参与者:2020-2021年最低数据集3.0、医疗保险数据集和养老院比较数据被链接。共包括259,467名患有ADRD的NH长期居民和14,159名NHs居民。方法:结局变量为2021年使用远程mh的NH ADRD长期住院患者的百分比。主要的自变量是NH种族和民族构成(即黑人和西班牙裔居民的百分比)和个人种族和民族。我们建立了一套具有NH随机效应的logistic回归模型。我们首先只考虑了个体特征,然后加入了NH特征。结果:大约7%和35%的研究队列在2021年分别使用远程MH和MH。在我们的研究队列中,13.7%为黑人,6.6%为西班牙裔,79.7%为白人。平均年龄为83.4岁。在调整了NH特征后,我们发现西班牙裔居民比例高的NHs居民比西班牙裔居民比例低的NHs居民更有可能使用远程mh(优势比[OR], 1.867;95% CI, 1.566-2.226),而黑人居民比例高的NHs居民与黑人居民比例低的NHs居民相比,使用远程mh的可能性更小(OR, 0.843;95% ci, 0.928-0.997)。结论和意义:远程医疗可能为西班牙裔居民比例较高的NHs提供机会,以更好地解决他们对MH服务的需求。然而,黑人居民比例较高的NHs在采用远程医疗方面可能面临挑战。未来的研究需要更好地了解可能影响NHs远程mh使用的因素以及导致种族和民族差异的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Antipsychotic Use in Older Adults With Dementia: Community and Nursing Facility Trends in Texas, 2015-2020. 老年痴呆患者抗精神病药物的使用:2015-2020年德克萨斯州社区和护理机构趋势
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105463
Youngran Kim, Trudy M Krause, Rafael Samper-Ternent, Antonio L Teixeira

Objectives: To assess recent trends in antipsychotic use among older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) according to their residential status and determine the factors associated with the use of antipsychotics.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study using Texas Medicare Fee-for-Service data.

Setting and participants: Individuals ≥ 65 years of age with ADRDs who had at least 3 months of Medicare Part A and B, and Part D for prescription drug coverage, in any year between 2015 and 2020.

Methods: Temporal trends for antipsychotic use were reported by calendar year, and the associations between antipsychotic use and potential predictors were assessed overall and by residential status.

Results: Among an annual average of 161,848 older adults with ADRDs (median age, 82 years; 64.8% female), overall antipsychotic use decreased by 25.8%, from 14.5% in 2015 to 10.8% in 2020. The decline was primarily observed among those with any nursing facility (NF) residence, where use dropped from 22.1% to 12.4%, whereas community-dwelling individuals maintained a steady rate of approximately 10%. Factors associated with increased antipsychotic use included male sex, Black and Hispanic individuals, dual eligibility, Alzheimer's disease, emergency department visits, hospitalization, depression, and anxiety disorders. However, these associations varied across residential statuses. Older age was more strongly associated with decreased antipsychotic use among those with NF residence than those in the community. Compared with White individuals, Black individuals were more likely to receive antipsychotics in the community, whereas Hispanic and Asian individuals were more likely to receive antipsychotics among those with NF residence.

Conclusions and implications: Although antipsychotic use substantially decreased among those with NF residence, it remained steady among community-dwelling individuals. Given that two-thirds of individuals with dementia reside in the community, more attention is needed to understand antipsychotic use in this population.

目的:根据居住状况评估老年阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆(ADRDs)患者抗精神病药物使用的最新趋势,并确定与抗精神病药物使用相关的因素。设计:基于人群的横断面研究,使用德克萨斯州医疗保险服务收费数据。环境和参与者:在2015年至2020年之间的任何一年,年龄≥65岁且患有不良反应的个体,至少有3个月的医疗保险A、B部分和D部分处方药覆盖。方法:按日历年报告抗精神病药物使用的时间趋势,并根据总体和居住状况评估抗精神病药物使用与潜在预测因素之间的关系。结果:在平均每年161,848例adds老年人中(中位年龄82岁;总体抗精神病药物使用下降25.8%,从2015年的14.5%降至2020年的10.8%。这种下降主要发生在任何护理机构(NF)居住的人群中,其使用率从22.1%下降到12.4%,而社区居住的个人则保持在10%左右的稳定比率。与抗精神病药物使用增加相关的因素包括男性、黑人和西班牙裔个体、双重资格、阿尔茨海默病、急诊科就诊、住院、抑郁和焦虑症。然而,这些关联因居住状态而异。与居住在社区的患者相比,居住在NF社区的患者年龄与抗精神病药物使用减少的相关性更强。与白人个体相比,黑人个体更可能在社区接受抗精神病药物治疗,而西班牙裔和亚裔个体更可能在NF居住地接受抗精神病药物治疗。结论和意义:虽然抗精神病药物的使用在NF患者中显著减少,但在社区居民中保持稳定。鉴于三分之二的痴呆症患者居住在社区,需要更多的关注来了解这一人群的抗精神病药物使用情况。
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引用次数: 0
Transitions to Nursing Homes among Residents of Assisted Living and Community-Dwelling Home Care Recipients. 辅助生活及社区居住家庭护理接受人向疗养院的过渡。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105429
Derek R Manis, David Kirkwood, Stacey Fisher, Wenshan Li, Colleen Webber, Peter Tanuseputro, Nathan M Stall, Jennifer A Watt, Amy T Hsu, Rachel D Savage, Susan E Bronskill, Andrew P Costa

Objectives: To examine transitions to a nursing home among residents of assisted living relative to community-dwelling home care recipients.

Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study emulating a target trial.

Setting and participants: Linked, individual-level health system data were obtained from older adults (aged ≥65 years) who made an incident application for a bed in a nursing home in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2019, and were followed until December 31, 2019.

Methods: Residency in assisted living was compared with only community-dwelling home care. Any long-stay (≥90 days) and short-stay (<90 days) transitions to a nursing home were examined. Inverse probability weighted pooled logistic regression models were used to generate marginal cumulative incidence curves under each exposure status that were standardized by the covariates.

Results: This study included 10,012 residents of assisted living [mean (SD) aged 88.7 (6.26) years, 75% female] and 131,679 home care recipients [mean (SD) aged 84.8 (7.43) years, 63% female] who applied for a bed in a nursing home (N = 141,691; 95,744.6 person-years). There were 6049 transitions among applicants from assisted living and 85,190 transitions among applicants who were home care recipients to a nursing home. The 5-year absolute risk reduction was 110 transitions to a nursing home per 1000 older adult applicants if all applicants resided in assisted living (95% CI, 71-148). Residency in assisted living resulted in a 12.7% relative decrease in the 5-year risk of any transition to a nursing home had all applicants resided in assisted living (95% CI, 8.3%-17.1%).

Conclusions and implications: Residents of assisted living were less likely to transition to a nursing home, despite equivalent clinical complexity and health care needs. The integration of assisted living into the continuum of care from the community to institutionalized nursing homes would better inform health system capacity and planning.

目的:研究辅助生活的居民相对于社区居住的家庭护理接受者向养老院的过渡。设计:以人群为基础的回顾性队列研究,模拟目标试验。环境和参与者:从2014年4月1日至2019年3月31日期间在加拿大安大略省养老院申请床位的老年人(≥65岁)中获得相关的个人卫生系统数据,并随访至2019年12月31日。方法:将住院辅助生活与单纯的社区居家护理进行比较。结果:本研究纳入10012名在养老院申请床位的辅助生活居民(平均[SD]年龄88.7[6.26]岁,75%为女性)和131679名居家护理接受人(平均[SD]年龄84.8[7.43]岁,63%为女性)(N = 141691;95744。6组)。有6049名申请人从辅助生活转到养老院,85190名申请人从家庭护理转到养老院。如果所有申请人都居住在辅助生活中,每1000名老年人申请者中,5年绝对风险降低为110人转到养老院(95% CI, 71-148)。居住在辅助生活中导致所有申请人居住在辅助生活中,任何过渡到养老院的5年风险相对降低12.7% (95% CI, 8.3%-17.1%)。结论和意义:尽管临床复杂性和医疗保健需求相同,但辅助生活的居民不太可能过渡到养老院。将辅助生活纳入从社区到机构养老院的连续护理中,将更好地为卫生系统的能力和规划提供信息。
{"title":"Transitions to Nursing Homes among Residents of Assisted Living and Community-Dwelling Home Care Recipients.","authors":"Derek R Manis, David Kirkwood, Stacey Fisher, Wenshan Li, Colleen Webber, Peter Tanuseputro, Nathan M Stall, Jennifer A Watt, Amy T Hsu, Rachel D Savage, Susan E Bronskill, Andrew P Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine transitions to a nursing home among residents of assisted living relative to community-dwelling home care recipients.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Population-based retrospective cohort study emulating a target trial.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Linked, individual-level health system data were obtained from older adults (aged ≥65 years) who made an incident application for a bed in a nursing home in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2019, and were followed until December 31, 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Residency in assisted living was compared with only community-dwelling home care. Any long-stay (≥90 days) and short-stay (<90 days) transitions to a nursing home were examined. Inverse probability weighted pooled logistic regression models were used to generate marginal cumulative incidence curves under each exposure status that were standardized by the covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 10,012 residents of assisted living [mean (SD) aged 88.7 (6.26) years, 75% female] and 131,679 home care recipients [mean (SD) aged 84.8 (7.43) years, 63% female] who applied for a bed in a nursing home (N = 141,691; 95,744.6 person-years). There were 6049 transitions among applicants from assisted living and 85,190 transitions among applicants who were home care recipients to a nursing home. The 5-year absolute risk reduction was 110 transitions to a nursing home per 1000 older adult applicants if all applicants resided in assisted living (95% CI, 71-148). Residency in assisted living resulted in a 12.7% relative decrease in the 5-year risk of any transition to a nursing home had all applicants resided in assisted living (95% CI, 8.3%-17.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>Residents of assisted living were less likely to transition to a nursing home, despite equivalent clinical complexity and health care needs. The integration of assisted living into the continuum of care from the community to institutionalized nursing homes would better inform health system capacity and planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":17180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","volume":" ","pages":"105429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Injurious Falls Before, During, and After Stroke Diagnosis: A Population-based Study. 卒中诊断之前、期间和之后的伤害性跌倒:一项基于人群的研究。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105465
Lulu Zhang, Jiao Wang, Xiaokang Dong, Abigail Dove, Sakura Sakakibara, Xinkui Liu, Chengzeng Wang, Zhida Wang, Anna-Karin Welmer, Weili Xu

Objectives: We aimed to examine changes in the incidence of injurious falls before, during, and after stroke, and to identify risk factors of injurious falls before and after stroke diagnosis.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting and participants: Within the Swedish Twin Registry, 4431 participants (aged 66.5 ± 10.3 years) with incident stroke and 4431 stroke-free controls (aged 66.5 ± 10.3 years) were identified and matched with cases according to birth year and sex. Cases and controls were retrospectively and prospectively followed for a total of 21 years.

Methods: Information on the onset of stroke and injurious falls was ascertained from medical records in the National Patient Registry. Data were analyzed using conditional Poisson regression and generalized estimating equation models.

Results: During the 4- to 10-year pre-stroke period, the standardized incidence rates of injurious falls were 4.29-7.53 per 1000 person-years in stroke and 3.97-7.47 per 1000 person-years in control groups. The incidence of injurious falls among participants with stroke was significantly higher compared with non-stroke controls beginning 3 years before stroke (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.59), peaked during the year of stroke diagnosis (IRR, 2.55; 95% CI, 2.17-3.01), and declined 4 years after stroke (IRR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.14-1.77) until reaching a similar level as the controls (IRRs around 1.11-1.56). Former/current smoking, heavy drinking, and overweight were associated with increased falls during the pre-stroke period, and being single and heart disease with falls during the post-stroke period.

Conclusions and implications: Among people with stroke, incidence of injurious falls is significantly elevated already 3 years before stroke diagnosis and lasting until 4 years post-stroke. Risk factors for falls differ pre-stroke and post-stroke. Taking preventive measures may be beneficial in managing both stroke and fall-related risks.

目的:研究卒中前、卒中中、卒中后损伤性跌倒发生率的变化,确定卒中诊断前后损伤性跌倒的危险因素。设计:前瞻性队列研究。背景和参与者:在瑞典双胞胎登记处,根据出生年份和性别,确定了4431名卒中患者(年龄66.5±10.3岁)和4431名无卒中对照(年龄66.5±10.3岁),并与病例匹配。对病例和对照组进行回顾性和前瞻性随访,共21年。方法:从国家患者登记处的医疗记录中确定卒中发作和伤害性跌倒的信息。数据分析采用条件泊松回归和广义估计方程模型。结果:卒中前4 ~ 10年,卒中组伤害性跌倒标准化发生率为4.29 ~ 7.53 / 1000人-年,对照组为3.97 ~ 7.47 / 1000人-年。卒中患者的伤害性跌倒发生率显著高于卒中前3年开始的非卒中对照组(发病率比[IRR], 1.27;95%可信区间[CI], 1.02-1.59),在卒中诊断当年达到峰值(IRR, 2.55;95% CI, 2.17-3.01),中风后4年下降(IRR, 1.42;95% CI, 1.14-1.77),直到达到与对照组相似的水平(irr约为1.11-1.56)。以前/现在吸烟、酗酒和超重与中风前跌倒的增加有关,与中风后单身和心脏病伴跌倒的增加有关。结论和意义:在卒中患者中,在卒中诊断前3年,损伤性跌倒的发生率显著升高,并持续到卒中后4年。中风前和中风后跌倒的危险因素不同。采取预防措施可能有助于控制中风和跌倒相关风险。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Study of Frailty Assessment Measures in Predicting All-Cause Mortality: Insights From NHANES. 预测全因死亡率的衰弱评估方法的比较研究:来自NHANES的见解。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105464
Jiacheng Yang, Yijiang Ouyang, Wenya Zhang, Xinming Tang, Jiahao Xu, Haoqi Zou, Wenyuan Jing, Xiuping He, Ya Yang, Kechun Che, Jiayan Deng, Congcong Pan, Jiaqi He, Mingjuan Yin, Jun Wu, Jindong Ni

Objectives: The 3 most frequently utilized frailty assessment measures are the Fried criteria, FRAIL scale, and Frailty Index (FI). This study aimed to compare predictive capabilities of these 3 measures regarding all-cause mortality in the United States and to identify the key predictive variables.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting and participants: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018 cycles, a total of 39,631 participants aged 20 and older were included.

Methods: Fried status, FRAIL status, and FI status were determined for each individual based on the cutoff values from the continuous scores of their respective scales. Univariate and multivariate models, incorporating 11 covariates-sex, age, body mass index, ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking status, alcohol intake, employment status, poverty-to-income ratio, and total energy intake-were fitted using Cox proportional hazards and 2 machine learning models. Model performance was assessed through Integrated Brier Score (IBS), concordance index (C-index), and area under the curve (AUC) values from 10-fold cross-validation. Key variable analysis was performed using permutation importance and C-index increment. Subgroup analysis was developed according to age.

Results: In univariate analyses, FI consistently outperformed Fried and FRAIL, showing significantly lower IBS, and higher C-index and AUC values. In multivariate analyses, few significant differences were found. Permutation importance analysis identified age as the most important variable, followed by Fried status and FI status. Similarly, in C-index increment analysis, age was the top one variable. Subgroup analyses showed that FI status consistently performed best in all metrics across univariate analyses at least in 40-59 and 60-79 age groups. FI status consistently emerged as the most important variable in permutation analysis across all age groups.

Conclusions and implications: FI demonstrated the best performance as a single predictor in predicting all-cause mortality, with age being crucial for enhancing predictive performance. Future research should explore the applicability of FI in different populations and its relationship with cause-specific mortality.

目的:最常用的3种虚弱评估方法是弗里德标准、虚弱量表和虚弱指数(FI)。本研究旨在比较这三种方法对美国全因死亡率的预测能力,并确定关键的预测变量。设计:横断面研究。环境和参与者:从2005-2018年的国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)周期中,共有39,631名20岁及以上的参与者被纳入研究。方法:根据各自量表连续得分的截止值,确定每个个体的油炸状态、虚弱状态和FI状态。采用Cox比例风险和2个机器学习模型拟合单变量和多变量模型,包括性别、年龄、体重指数、种族、教育程度、婚姻状况、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、就业状况、贫困收入比和总能量摄入等11个协变量。通过综合Brier评分(IBS)、一致性指数(C-index)和10倍交叉验证的曲线下面积(AUC)值来评估模型的性能。关键变量分析采用排列重要性和c指数增量。根据年龄进行亚组分析。结果:在单变量分析中,FI的表现始终优于Fried和weak,表现出明显较低的IBS,较高的c指数和AUC值。在多变量分析中,没有发现显著差异。排列重要性分析发现年龄是最重要的变量,其次是Fried状态和FI状态。同样,在c指数增量分析中,年龄是排名前一的变量。亚组分析显示,至少在40-59岁和60-79岁年龄组中,FI状态在单变量分析的所有指标中始终表现最佳。在所有年龄组的排列分析中,FI状态一直是最重要的变量。结论和意义:FI作为预测全因死亡率的单一预测指标表现最佳,年龄是提高预测性能的关键。未来的研究应探讨FI在不同人群中的适用性及其与病因特异性死亡率的关系。
{"title":"Comparative Study of Frailty Assessment Measures in Predicting All-Cause Mortality: Insights From NHANES.","authors":"Jiacheng Yang, Yijiang Ouyang, Wenya Zhang, Xinming Tang, Jiahao Xu, Haoqi Zou, Wenyuan Jing, Xiuping He, Ya Yang, Kechun Che, Jiayan Deng, Congcong Pan, Jiaqi He, Mingjuan Yin, Jun Wu, Jindong Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The 3 most frequently utilized frailty assessment measures are the Fried criteria, FRAIL scale, and Frailty Index (FI). This study aimed to compare predictive capabilities of these 3 measures regarding all-cause mortality in the United States and to identify the key predictive variables.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018 cycles, a total of 39,631 participants aged 20 and older were included.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fried status, FRAIL status, and FI status were determined for each individual based on the cutoff values from the continuous scores of their respective scales. Univariate and multivariate models, incorporating 11 covariates-sex, age, body mass index, ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking status, alcohol intake, employment status, poverty-to-income ratio, and total energy intake-were fitted using Cox proportional hazards and 2 machine learning models. Model performance was assessed through Integrated Brier Score (IBS), concordance index (C-index), and area under the curve (AUC) values from 10-fold cross-validation. Key variable analysis was performed using permutation importance and C-index increment. Subgroup analysis was developed according to age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In univariate analyses, FI consistently outperformed Fried and FRAIL, showing significantly lower IBS, and higher C-index and AUC values. In multivariate analyses, few significant differences were found. Permutation importance analysis identified age as the most important variable, followed by Fried status and FI status. Similarly, in C-index increment analysis, age was the top one variable. Subgroup analyses showed that FI status consistently performed best in all metrics across univariate analyses at least in 40-59 and 60-79 age groups. FI status consistently emerged as the most important variable in permutation analysis across all age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>FI demonstrated the best performance as a single predictor in predicting all-cause mortality, with age being crucial for enhancing predictive performance. Future research should explore the applicability of FI in different populations and its relationship with cause-specific mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":17180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","volume":" ","pages":"105464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity at any Dose Reduces All-Cause Dementia Risk Regardless of Frailty Status. 无论身体虚弱与否,任何剂量的中高强度体力活动都能降低全因痴呆风险。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105456
Amal A Wanigatunga, Yiwen Dong, Mu Jin, Andrew Leroux, Erjia Cui, Xinkai Zhou, Angela Zhao, Jennifer A Schrack, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Jeremy D Walston, Qian-Li Xue, Martin A Lindquist, Ciprian M Crainiceanu

Objectives: Reaching the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations of 150 min/wk is difficult for older adults, particularly among those living with frailty and its associated risk of dementia. We examined the dose-response relationship between MVPA and dementia risk among at-risk persons living with and without frailty enrolled in the UK Biobank study.

Design: Survival analysis within a prospective cohort study.

Settings and participants: Participants at risk for all-cause dementia who wore an Axivity AX3 triaxial wrist-worn accelerometer between February 2013 and December 2015.

Methods: MVPA was estimated from wrist-worn accelerometry in a subpopulation of the UK Biobank study. A modified version of the physical frailty phenotype was used to define frailty. Associations between MVPA dose (including interactions with frailty) and first-time incident dementia were analyzed using Cox regression models. MVPA was treated continuously and categorically across 5 levels to estimate the dose-response curve. Models were adjusted for demographics, frailty status, and comorbidities.

Results: This study included 89,667 adults (median age, 63 years; 56% women), with 735 participants developing dementia over an average of 4.4 years. Average weekly MVPA was 126 minutes. Each 30 minutes higher MVPA was associated with a 4% reduction in the risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99). The hazard ratios for engaging in 0-34.9, 35-69.9, 70-139.9, and ≥140 MVPA minutes per week were 0.59, 0.40, 0.37, and 0.31, respectively (P < .05 for all) compared with 0 MVPA minutes per week. All associations were similar across frailty status (interaction P for all models > .21).

Conclusions and implications: Our results suggest engaging in any additional amount of MVPA reduces dementia risk, with the highest benefit appearing among individuals with no MVPA. These associations are not substantially modified by frailty status.

目标:老年人很难达到150分钟/周的中等至高强度体力活动(MVPA)推荐值,尤其是那些身体虚弱且有痴呆风险的老年人。我们在英国生物银行的研究中检查了MVPA与痴呆风险之间的剂量-反应关系。设计:前瞻性队列研究中的生存分析。设置和参与者:2013年2月至2015年12月期间佩戴Axivity AX3三轴腕带加速度计的有全因痴呆风险的参与者。方法:在英国生物银行研究的一个亚群中,通过腕带加速度计估计MVPA。身体脆弱表型的修改版本被用来定义脆弱。使用Cox回归模型分析MVPA剂量(包括与虚弱的相互作用)与首次发生痴呆之间的关系。MVPA连续治疗,分类治疗5个水平,以估计剂量-反应曲线。模型根据人口统计学、虚弱状态和合并症进行了调整。结果:本研究纳入89,667名成人(中位年龄63岁;(56%为女性),735名参与者在平均4.4年的时间里患上了痴呆症。平均每周MVPA为126分钟。MVPA每提高30分钟,全因痴呆的风险降低4%(风险比,0.96;95% ci, 0.93-0.99)。与每周0 MVPA分钟相比,每周0-34.9分钟、35-69.9分钟、70-139.9分钟和≥140 MVPA分钟的风险比分别为0.59、0.40、0.37和0.31(均P < 0.05)。所有的关联在虚弱状态下都是相似的(所有模型的交互P为0.21)。结论和意义:我们的研究结果表明,参与任何额外量的MVPA都可以降低痴呆风险,在没有MVPA的个体中获益最大。这些关联不会因身体虚弱而发生实质性的改变。
{"title":"Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity at any Dose Reduces All-Cause Dementia Risk Regardless of Frailty Status.","authors":"Amal A Wanigatunga, Yiwen Dong, Mu Jin, Andrew Leroux, Erjia Cui, Xinkai Zhou, Angela Zhao, Jennifer A Schrack, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Jeremy D Walston, Qian-Li Xue, Martin A Lindquist, Ciprian M Crainiceanu","doi":"10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Reaching the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations of 150 min/wk is difficult for older adults, particularly among those living with frailty and its associated risk of dementia. We examined the dose-response relationship between MVPA and dementia risk among at-risk persons living with and without frailty enrolled in the UK Biobank study.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Survival analysis within a prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Settings and participants: </strong>Participants at risk for all-cause dementia who wore an Axivity AX3 triaxial wrist-worn accelerometer between February 2013 and December 2015.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MVPA was estimated from wrist-worn accelerometry in a subpopulation of the UK Biobank study. A modified version of the physical frailty phenotype was used to define frailty. Associations between MVPA dose (including interactions with frailty) and first-time incident dementia were analyzed using Cox regression models. MVPA was treated continuously and categorically across 5 levels to estimate the dose-response curve. Models were adjusted for demographics, frailty status, and comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 89,667 adults (median age, 63 years; 56% women), with 735 participants developing dementia over an average of 4.4 years. Average weekly MVPA was 126 minutes. Each 30 minutes higher MVPA was associated with a 4% reduction in the risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99). The hazard ratios for engaging in 0-34.9, 35-69.9, 70-139.9, and ≥140 MVPA minutes per week were 0.59, 0.40, 0.37, and 0.31, respectively (P < .05 for all) compared with 0 MVPA minutes per week. All associations were similar across frailty status (interaction P for all models > .21).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>Our results suggest engaging in any additional amount of MVPA reduces dementia risk, with the highest benefit appearing among individuals with no MVPA. These associations are not substantially modified by frailty status.</p>","PeriodicalId":17180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","volume":" ","pages":"105456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environmental and Clinical Factors Concerning Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. 胃肠道出血的环境和临床因素:荟萃分析综述。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105412
Keqian Yi, Yu Ma, Pengcheng Zhang, Haiyu He, Yueying Lin, Dali Sun

Objectives: Gastrointestinal bleeding, an emergency and critical disease, is affected by multiple factors. This study aims to systematically summarize and appraise various factors associated with gastrointestinal bleeding.

Design: Umbrella review.

Setting and participants: Meta-analyses that evaluated environmental and clinical factors concerning gastrointestinal bleeding.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search to identify eligible meta-analyses. For each included study, the risk estimates, heterogeneity estimates, small-study effects, excess significance tests, and publication biases were recalculated and appraised. Furthermore, we considered the methodologic quality and classified the evidence.

Results: In this study, 51 beneficial and 44 harmful associations were found. This study found that preemptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was the most reliable treatment to reduce gastroesophageal variceal bleeding and mortality risk, followed by antibiotics. For gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding, Yunnan Baiyao and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were relatively dependable treatment drugs, and the comparatively reliable prophylactic drugs comprised PPIs and H2-receptor antagonists. Patients with hemodynamic instability and larger ulcers had a higher risk of rebleeding. Both weekend admissions and the combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were high-risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and mortality. We also found that tranexamic acid was a credible drug for overall gastrointestinal bleeding. Meanwhile, aspirin, warfarin, diabetes, and renal failure were all high-risk factors.

Conclusions and implications: Altogether, many factors can substantially influence gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, in daily life and clinical practice, we should not only remain cautious in prescribing and taking some drugs but also pay attention to the management of lifestyle and underlying diseases. If necessary, protective drugs should be properly supplemented.

目的:消化道出血是一种受多种因素影响的急危疾病。本研究旨在系统总结和评价与消化道出血相关的各种因素。设计:伞式审查。环境和参与者:荟萃分析评估与胃肠道出血有关的环境和临床因素。方法:我们进行了系统搜索,以确定符合条件的meta分析。对于每一项纳入的研究,重新计算和评价风险估计、异质性估计、小研究效应、过度显著性检验和发表偏倚。此外,我们还考虑了方法质量并对证据进行了分类。结果:本研究发现51种有益关联,44种有害关联。本研究发现,先发制人的经颈静脉肝内门静脉系统分流术是减少胃食管静脉曲张出血和死亡风险的最可靠的治疗方法,其次是抗生素。对于胃十二指肠溃疡出血,云南白药和质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)是相对可靠的治疗药物,而相对可靠的预防药物是PPIs和h2受体拮抗剂。血流动力学不稳定和较大溃疡的患者再出血的风险较高。周末入院以及选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂和非甾体抗炎药的联合使用是上消化道出血和死亡率的高危因素。我们还发现氨甲环酸是治疗消化道出血的可靠药物。同时,阿司匹林、华法林、糖尿病和肾衰竭都是高危因素。结论和意义:总的来说,许多因素可以实质上影响胃肠道出血。因此,在日常生活和临床实践中,我们不仅要谨慎地开处方和服用一些药物,还要注意生活方式和基础疾病的管理。必要时应适当补充保护性药物。
{"title":"Environmental and Clinical Factors Concerning Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Keqian Yi, Yu Ma, Pengcheng Zhang, Haiyu He, Yueying Lin, Dali Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Gastrointestinal bleeding, an emergency and critical disease, is affected by multiple factors. This study aims to systematically summarize and appraise various factors associated with gastrointestinal bleeding.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Umbrella review.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Meta-analyses that evaluated environmental and clinical factors concerning gastrointestinal bleeding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic search to identify eligible meta-analyses. For each included study, the risk estimates, heterogeneity estimates, small-study effects, excess significance tests, and publication biases were recalculated and appraised. Furthermore, we considered the methodologic quality and classified the evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 51 beneficial and 44 harmful associations were found. This study found that preemptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was the most reliable treatment to reduce gastroesophageal variceal bleeding and mortality risk, followed by antibiotics. For gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding, Yunnan Baiyao and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were relatively dependable treatment drugs, and the comparatively reliable prophylactic drugs comprised PPIs and H<sub>2</sub>-receptor antagonists. Patients with hemodynamic instability and larger ulcers had a higher risk of rebleeding. Both weekend admissions and the combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were high-risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and mortality. We also found that tranexamic acid was a credible drug for overall gastrointestinal bleeding. Meanwhile, aspirin, warfarin, diabetes, and renal failure were all high-risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>Altogether, many factors can substantially influence gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, in daily life and clinical practice, we should not only remain cautious in prescribing and taking some drugs but also pay attention to the management of lifestyle and underlying diseases. If necessary, protective drugs should be properly supplemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":17180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","volume":" ","pages":"105412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oily Fish Intake Is Inversely Associated with Impaired Functionality: A Population-based Study in Frequent Fish Consumers Aged 60 years or More Living in Rural Ecuador. 摄入油性鱼类与功能受损呈负相关:一项基于人群的研究,研究对象是生活在厄瓜多尔农村的60岁或以上的经常食用鱼类的人。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105423
Oscar H Del Brutto, Denisse A Rumbea, Emilio E Arias, Robertino M Mera
{"title":"Oily Fish Intake Is Inversely Associated with Impaired Functionality: A Population-based Study in Frequent Fish Consumers Aged 60 years or More Living in Rural Ecuador.","authors":"Oscar H Del Brutto, Denisse A Rumbea, Emilio E Arias, Robertino M Mera","doi":"10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","volume":" ","pages":"105423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Nursing Home Changes in Antipsychotic Use on Outcomes among Residents with Dementia. 养老院抗精神病药物使用变化对痴呆患者预后的影响
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105439
Andrew R Zullo, Melissa R Riester, Hiren Varma, Lori A Daiello, Lauren B Gerlach, Antoinette B Coe, Kali S Thomas, Richa Joshi, Tingting Zhang, Theresa I Shireman, Julie P W Bynum

Objectives: Little information exists on whether nationwide efforts to reduce antipsychotic use among nursing home (NH) residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias improved mortality and hospitalization outcomes for residents. Our objective was to examine the effect of NH decreases in antipsychotic use on outcomes for residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Design: Observational nationwide study that emulated a series of cluster randomized trials.

Setting and participants: Long-stay NH residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in US NHs.

Methods: The study used data from Medicare claims to emulate cluster randomized trials in which NHs were assigned to either decrease or maintain/increase antipsychotic use. Outcome ascertainment for the first trial began on April 1, 2012 (ie, following the announcement of the National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care in NHs). The last day of follow-up was December 31, 2017. Outcomes measured included 12-month all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and hospitalization for stroke, myocardial infarction, fracture, and psychiatric conditions. Use of other psychotropic medications was also evaluated. Inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted pooled Poisson regression models estimated covariate-adjusted risk ratios (RRs).

Results: The adjusted risks of death (RR, 1.01; 95% CLs, 1.00, 1.01), all-cause hospitalization (RR, 1.00; 95% CLs, 1.00, 1.01), and hospitalization for specific causes were similar between resident-trials in NHs that decreased vs maintained/increased antipsychotic use. Use of antidepressants, anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotics, anticonvulsant/mood stabilizers, and antidementia medications was slightly higher among resident-trials in NHs that decreased antipsychotic use.

Conclusions and implications: Decreases in NH antipsychotic use do not appear to improve resident outcomes. Intensive initiatives focused predominantly on achieving a decrease in antipsychotic use may not be effective at improving mortality and hospitalization outcomes for residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. These findings suggest the need for better strategies that incorporate safe and effective nonpharmacological or pharmacological alternatives for managing neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia.

目的:关于全国范围内减少阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆养老院(NH)居民抗精神病药物使用是否能改善居民死亡率和住院治疗结果的信息很少。我们的目的是检查NH减少抗精神病药物使用对阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆患者预后的影响。设计:全国范围的观察性研究,模拟了一系列的集群随机试验。背景和参与者:长期居住在美国国家医疗服务体系中患有阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆的NH居民。方法:该研究使用来自医疗保险索赔的数据来模拟集群随机试验,其中NHs被分配减少或维持/增加抗精神病药物的使用。第一次试验的结果确定始于2012年4月1日(即,在国民保健服务中改善痴呆症护理国家伙伴关系宣布之后)。随访的最后一天为2017年12月31日。测量的结果包括12个月的全因死亡率、全因住院以及因中风、心肌梗死、骨折和精神疾病住院。其他精神药物的使用情况也进行了评估。治疗逆概率加权泊松回归模型估计协变量调整风险比(rr)。结果:调整后的死亡风险(RR, 1.01;95% CLs, 1.00, 1.01),全因住院(RR, 1.00;95% CLs(1.00, 1.01)和因特定原因住院治疗在减少与维持/增加抗精神病药物使用的NHs住院试验中相似。抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药/镇静催眠药、抗惊厥药/情绪稳定剂和抗痴呆药的使用在减少抗精神病药使用的NHs住院试验中略高。结论和意义:NH抗精神病药物使用的减少似乎并没有改善住院患者的预后。主要侧重于减少抗精神病药物使用的强化举措可能无法有效改善阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆患者的死亡率和住院治疗结果。这些发现表明需要更好的策略,包括安全有效的非药物或药物替代治疗痴呆症的神经精神症状。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
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