Pub Date : 2022-12-18DOI: 10.1177/10996362221135566
F. K. Arakaki
The motivation of this work is to show a case study represented by a test article in tapered sandwich structure with a mid-ramp region in order to reduce certification cost of the full-scale structure. Also, this work provides a compelling case for the standardization of Load Enhancement Factor for certification purposes. Therefore, the development of this work is based on the definition of the test article with a manufacturing defect and impact damage, for compliance static and damage tolerance requirements with damage no-growth approach. The results obtained showed a good strategy to reduce risk and cost of the certification development.
{"title":"Composites sandwich structures certification: A case study","authors":"F. K. Arakaki","doi":"10.1177/10996362221135566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10996362221135566","url":null,"abstract":"The motivation of this work is to show a case study represented by a test article in tapered sandwich structure with a mid-ramp region in order to reduce certification cost of the full-scale structure. Also, this work provides a compelling case for the standardization of Load Enhancement Factor for certification purposes. Therefore, the development of this work is based on the definition of the test article with a manufacturing defect and impact damage, for compliance static and damage tolerance requirements with damage no-growth approach. The results obtained showed a good strategy to reduce risk and cost of the certification development.","PeriodicalId":17215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"199 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48652355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1177/10996362221148249
P. Lagacé
{"title":"Preface to the Special Issue of JSSM dedicated to the Life of Professor Paul Lagacé","authors":"P. Lagacé","doi":"10.1177/10996362221148249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10996362221148249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"3 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47389099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes a honeycomb with a sine waveform to increase the impact resistance against bird strike on the vertical stabilizer leading edge. A 2-stage comparison was made using the experimental test results in the literature to validate the model in the finite element environment. At first, the change in diameter, velocity, pressure, and scattering of particles when the bird model hits a square plate was compared with experimental data. In the second stage, an impact was made on the vertical stabilizer leading edge made of composite sandwich material. The deformation in the Z-direction occurring in the vertical stabilizer leading edge’s center and the ribs’ convergence were compared. The Ls-Dyna results show reasonable qualitative agreement with the experimental result. Finally, the straight walls of the honeycomb in the vertical stabilizer leading edge were modeled as a sine wave. The analyses were diversified using design parameters with different values. According to the analysis results, improvements of up to 9.79%, 28.58%, and 5.02% were observed in the deformation, the approach of the ribs, and sum of the reaction forces, respectively. These results contribute to bird strikes where strength per unit weight is essential.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of the mechanical behavior of the vertical stabilizer leading edge with wavy honeycomb sandwich structure under bird strike","authors":"Alparslan Solak, Birgül Aşçıoğlu Temiztaş, Berna Bolat","doi":"10.1177/10996362221146124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10996362221146124","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a honeycomb with a sine waveform to increase the impact resistance against bird strike on the vertical stabilizer leading edge. A 2-stage comparison was made using the experimental test results in the literature to validate the model in the finite element environment. At first, the change in diameter, velocity, pressure, and scattering of particles when the bird model hits a square plate was compared with experimental data. In the second stage, an impact was made on the vertical stabilizer leading edge made of composite sandwich material. The deformation in the Z-direction occurring in the vertical stabilizer leading edge’s center and the ribs’ convergence were compared. The Ls-Dyna results show reasonable qualitative agreement with the experimental result. Finally, the straight walls of the honeycomb in the vertical stabilizer leading edge were modeled as a sine wave. The analyses were diversified using design parameters with different values. According to the analysis results, improvements of up to 9.79%, 28.58%, and 5.02% were observed in the deformation, the approach of the ribs, and sum of the reaction forces, respectively. These results contribute to bird strikes where strength per unit weight is essential.","PeriodicalId":17215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"387 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45808134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.1177/10996362221134101
Chao He, Yalan Liu, Jinxiang Chen, N. Hao, Zhensheng Guo
To investigate a new type of bionic energy-saving sandwich plate—the beetle elytron plate (BEP), the compressive mechanical properties of short basalt fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite BEPs and honeycomb plates with different polyvinyl chloride foam densities and height-to-thickness ratios were investigated. The mechanism of the coupling effect of the core structure, foam density and height-to-thickness ratio was revealed by observing the failure mode of the outer and inner ring honeycomb walls. This study can provide useful instruction for designing lightweight sandwich structures and accelerate the application of BEPs in engineering.
{"title":"The compressive mechanical properties of honeycomb plates and beetle elytron plates with different foam densities and height-to-thickness ratios","authors":"Chao He, Yalan Liu, Jinxiang Chen, N. Hao, Zhensheng Guo","doi":"10.1177/10996362221134101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10996362221134101","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate a new type of bionic energy-saving sandwich plate—the beetle elytron plate (BEP), the compressive mechanical properties of short basalt fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite BEPs and honeycomb plates with different polyvinyl chloride foam densities and height-to-thickness ratios were investigated. The mechanism of the coupling effect of the core structure, foam density and height-to-thickness ratio was revealed by observing the failure mode of the outer and inner ring honeycomb walls. This study can provide useful instruction for designing lightweight sandwich structures and accelerate the application of BEPs in engineering.","PeriodicalId":17215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"372 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42669274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.1177/10996362221140072
Meng Yan, Lian-guang Wang, B. Chen, Hai-yang Gao
A steel-concrete-steel sandwich panel with prestressed reinforcement was developed, named prestressed steel-concrete–steel sandwich panel. Nine specimens where the loading mode, top steel plate thickness, spacing of connectors and prestressed reinforcement arrangement were varied were experimentally tested to explore the failure mode, ultimate strength, ductility and deflection of the structure. The results show that prestressing enhanced the ultimate strength and ductility of the structure. Finite element analysis predictions were consistent with test results in terms of crack characteristics, load-displacement curve and ultimate strength. Deflection prediction analysis of the prestressed panels was also developed based on variational theory which provided good agreement with the finite element results.
{"title":"Deflection assessment of prestressed steel-concrete–steel sandwich panel: experiment and numerical simulation","authors":"Meng Yan, Lian-guang Wang, B. Chen, Hai-yang Gao","doi":"10.1177/10996362221140072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10996362221140072","url":null,"abstract":"A steel-concrete-steel sandwich panel with prestressed reinforcement was developed, named prestressed steel-concrete–steel sandwich panel. Nine specimens where the loading mode, top steel plate thickness, spacing of connectors and prestressed reinforcement arrangement were varied were experimentally tested to explore the failure mode, ultimate strength, ductility and deflection of the structure. The results show that prestressing enhanced the ultimate strength and ductility of the structure. Finite element analysis predictions were consistent with test results in terms of crack characteristics, load-displacement curve and ultimate strength. Deflection prediction analysis of the prestressed panels was also developed based on variational theory which provided good agreement with the finite element results.","PeriodicalId":17215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"351 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41824308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.1177/10996362221139573
Y. Jeong, Eun-Byeol Park, K. Kang
Panels with monolithic auxetic micro-architectures are capable of bending into convex shapes. However, the thickness of panels with these micro-architectures (such as re-entrant trusses) is currently under a few millimeters; thus, they are too compliant for structural applications. Moreover, their interior spaces are commonly divided into very small cells to accommodate solid parts. Therefore, a novel sandwich panel composed of stainless steel face sheets with a two-dimensional auxetic pattern and a 3D-printed polymer truss core is proposed as a kinematically and statically determinate structure. This structure allows for a three-dimensional convex deformation under buckling and bending loads. The sandwich panel exhibits high structural robustness and can accommodate thick solid parts within the core. Even when packed with irregular solid chips in the core, a square panel with a 100 mm side length and 4 mm thickness can be deformed up to a minimum curvature of 83.3 mm under extreme five-point bending. Thus, this panel is expected to be used as the main structure for mobile devices, designed for convenient carrying in typical jean’s back and thigh pockets.
{"title":"A convex-deformable sandwich panel for mobile devices","authors":"Y. Jeong, Eun-Byeol Park, K. Kang","doi":"10.1177/10996362221139573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10996362221139573","url":null,"abstract":"Panels with monolithic auxetic micro-architectures are capable of bending into convex shapes. However, the thickness of panels with these micro-architectures (such as re-entrant trusses) is currently under a few millimeters; thus, they are too compliant for structural applications. Moreover, their interior spaces are commonly divided into very small cells to accommodate solid parts. Therefore, a novel sandwich panel composed of stainless steel face sheets with a two-dimensional auxetic pattern and a 3D-printed polymer truss core is proposed as a kinematically and statically determinate structure. This structure allows for a three-dimensional convex deformation under buckling and bending loads. The sandwich panel exhibits high structural robustness and can accommodate thick solid parts within the core. Even when packed with irregular solid chips in the core, a square panel with a 100 mm side length and 4 mm thickness can be deformed up to a minimum curvature of 83.3 mm under extreme five-point bending. Thus, this panel is expected to be used as the main structure for mobile devices, designed for convenient carrying in typical jean’s back and thigh pockets.","PeriodicalId":17215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"330 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44283367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1177/10996362221135862
M. Battley, Samuel J Stone, T. Allen
Honeycomb materials are commonly used as cores for sandwich panels. While empirical evidence exists showing that the transverse shear strength of a honeycomb core is affected by its thickness, the accuracy of empirical guidelines and the reasons for the changes in strength are not well understood. Four-point flexural testing of sandwich beams and a detailed cellular finite element model are used to investigate transverse shear failure of Nomex™ honeycomb core material. Transverse shear strengths at varying core thicknesses were compared to manufacturer specifications and used to determine normalised strength correction factors for thickness. These factors correlated well with trends shown in previous literature, where core shear strength decreases with increasing core thickness. The failure mode investigation showed a transition between modes as core thickness increased. The thinner cores experience shear fracturing of individual cell walls followed by local cell wall buckling, intermediate thickness cores initially failed by cell wall local buckling, then fractured and larger thickness cores appeared to fail by overall cell column buckling.
{"title":"The effect of thickness on the transverse shear strength of nomex honeycomb cores","authors":"M. Battley, Samuel J Stone, T. Allen","doi":"10.1177/10996362221135862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10996362221135862","url":null,"abstract":"Honeycomb materials are commonly used as cores for sandwich panels. While empirical evidence exists showing that the transverse shear strength of a honeycomb core is affected by its thickness, the accuracy of empirical guidelines and the reasons for the changes in strength are not well understood. Four-point flexural testing of sandwich beams and a detailed cellular finite element model are used to investigate transverse shear failure of Nomex™ honeycomb core material. Transverse shear strengths at varying core thicknesses were compared to manufacturer specifications and used to determine normalised strength correction factors for thickness. These factors correlated well with trends shown in previous literature, where core shear strength decreases with increasing core thickness. The failure mode investigation showed a transition between modes as core thickness increased. The thinner cores experience shear fracturing of individual cell walls followed by local cell wall buckling, intermediate thickness cores initially failed by cell wall local buckling, then fractured and larger thickness cores appeared to fail by overall cell column buckling.","PeriodicalId":17215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"180 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48291213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.1177/10996362221134099
Jinqiang Li, Yao Zhang, Xinlei Fan, Fengming Li
A metamaterial plate with multi bandgaps is proposed for vibration suppression by integrating membrane-mass structures that can be used as locally resonant metastructure into a honeycomb sandwich structure. The finite element method is employed to calculate the band structure and the transmission spectra. The formation mechanisms of the locally resonant bandgaps are investigated via the analysis of the mode shapes of the membrane-mass resonator and face plate in a unit cell. The effects of the location of the attached mass on the bandgap property and an improved multi bandgaps structure is designed and discussed. Results show that the proposed multifunctional metamaterial exhibits an excellent vibration suppression performance, as well as a significant designability. Moreover, a specimen of the proposed metamaterial is fabricated and experimental measurements are performed, and a good agreement between the numerical predictions and the experimental results is obtained. The results of this study will be useful for the design of sandwich structures with multiple vibration bandgaps.
{"title":"Multi bandgaps design of sandwich metamaterial plate with embedded membrane-type resonators","authors":"Jinqiang Li, Yao Zhang, Xinlei Fan, Fengming Li","doi":"10.1177/10996362221134099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10996362221134099","url":null,"abstract":"A metamaterial plate with multi bandgaps is proposed for vibration suppression by integrating membrane-mass structures that can be used as locally resonant metastructure into a honeycomb sandwich structure. The finite element method is employed to calculate the band structure and the transmission spectra. The formation mechanisms of the locally resonant bandgaps are investigated via the analysis of the mode shapes of the membrane-mass resonator and face plate in a unit cell. The effects of the location of the attached mass on the bandgap property and an improved multi bandgaps structure is designed and discussed. Results show that the proposed multifunctional metamaterial exhibits an excellent vibration suppression performance, as well as a significant designability. Moreover, a specimen of the proposed metamaterial is fabricated and experimental measurements are performed, and a good agreement between the numerical predictions and the experimental results is obtained. The results of this study will be useful for the design of sandwich structures with multiple vibration bandgaps.","PeriodicalId":17215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"311 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46693254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1177/10996362221135880
Avi Wurf, O. Rabinovitch, Y. Frostig
The structural response of soft-core sandwich beams of rectangular cross-section subjected to torsion is investigated. The paper uses the concepts of the extended high-order sandwich panel theory and generalizes the approach to account for the torsional response and its unique mechanisms. An analytical model that utilizes this generalized approach is formulated. The results of the model are presented and compared with the results of a reference model and a finite element analysis. Emphasis is placed on the torsional resistance mechanisms, their interaction, and the torsional-related localized effects. The results of the present model are in good agreement with the finite element analysis in terms of displacements and stresses, including the localized effects attributed to the soft-core. It is also shown that the present model can identify and quantify the localized effects while reference models available in the literature fail to do so. The results of the model contribute to the understanding of the torsional response of soft-core sandwich beams, including the transition between the warping and Saint-Venant torsional mechanisms and the localized effects associated with the soft-core and the application of boundary conditions to the different layers.
{"title":"High-order torsion analysis of sandwich beams of rectangular cross-section","authors":"Avi Wurf, O. Rabinovitch, Y. Frostig","doi":"10.1177/10996362221135880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10996362221135880","url":null,"abstract":"The structural response of soft-core sandwich beams of rectangular cross-section subjected to torsion is investigated. The paper uses the concepts of the extended high-order sandwich panel theory and generalizes the approach to account for the torsional response and its unique mechanisms. An analytical model that utilizes this generalized approach is formulated. The results of the model are presented and compared with the results of a reference model and a finite element analysis. Emphasis is placed on the torsional resistance mechanisms, their interaction, and the torsional-related localized effects. The results of the present model are in good agreement with the finite element analysis in terms of displacements and stresses, including the localized effects attributed to the soft-core. It is also shown that the present model can identify and quantify the localized effects while reference models available in the literature fail to do so. The results of the model contribute to the understanding of the torsional response of soft-core sandwich beams, including the transition between the warping and Saint-Venant torsional mechanisms and the localized effects associated with the soft-core and the application of boundary conditions to the different layers.","PeriodicalId":17215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"284 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47149416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1177/10996362221137292
I. Derevianko, B. Uspensky, K. Avramov, A. Salenko, K. Maksymenko-Sheiko
Approach for mechanical characteristic experimental analysis of honeycomb core manufactured by fused deposition modelling is suggested. Experimental analyses of shear and tension of the honeycombs specimens fabricated from PLA and ULTEM 9085 materials are performed. The experimental studies are accompanied by the finite element simulations of the shear and the tension experiments of honeycomb core. As follows from experimental and numerical studies, both the geometrical nonlinearity and plasticity behavior of the material must be accounted for the honeycomb tension analysis. The force-displacement response of honeycomb tension has nonlinear behavior.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical analysis of mechanical characteristics of fused deposition processed honeycomb fabricated from PLA or ULTEM 9085","authors":"I. Derevianko, B. Uspensky, K. Avramov, A. Salenko, K. Maksymenko-Sheiko","doi":"10.1177/10996362221137292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10996362221137292","url":null,"abstract":"Approach for mechanical characteristic experimental analysis of honeycomb core manufactured by fused deposition modelling is suggested. Experimental analyses of shear and tension of the honeycombs specimens fabricated from PLA and ULTEM 9085 materials are performed. The experimental studies are accompanied by the finite element simulations of the shear and the tension experiments of honeycomb core. As follows from experimental and numerical studies, both the geometrical nonlinearity and plasticity behavior of the material must be accounted for the honeycomb tension analysis. The force-displacement response of honeycomb tension has nonlinear behavior.","PeriodicalId":17215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"264 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42490621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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