Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101025
Fariborz Tavangarian , Sorour Sadeghzade
The hierarchical architectures found in biological systems provide a powerful blueprint for designing fracture-resistant brittle materials. This study aimed to fabricate and characterize spicule-inspired composites composed of rigid resin cylinders combined with various adhesive interlayers. The tereolithography technique was used to produce the cylinders, followed by vacuum-assisted infiltration of an adhesive between the layers. Nested cylindrical structures (NCSs) with varying rigid resin layer thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.3 mm) and inter-cylinder spacings (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 mm) were fabricated and infiltrated with different organic adhesives. The results demonstrated that a geometry of 0.5 mm layer thickness and 0.15 mm spacing, combined with Titebond adhesive (sample S0.5t-3-T), yielded a significant improvement in mechanical properties. S0.5t-3-T achieved maximum flexural strength and modulus of 55.49 ± 4.46 MPa, and 2.2 ± 0.12 GPa, respectively, compared with 27.05 ± 3.45 MPa, and 0.8 ± 0.1 GPa for the unfilled S0.5t-3. Increasing cylinder thickness from 0.5 mm to 1.3 mm further enhanced performance, with the S1.3t-3-T sample achieving a maximum flexural strength of 118.13 ± 11.34 MPa and modulus of 3.48 ± 0.21 GPa. Microscopic analysis and fractography identified asperity interlocking, surface waviness, and organic layer stretching as the primary toughening mechanisms. These findings provide specific geometric and interfacial design windows for bioinspired brittle composites, promoting translation of natural spicule structures into high-performance engineering materials.
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of spicule-inspired composites using stereolithography technique","authors":"Fariborz Tavangarian , Sorour Sadeghzade","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hierarchical architectures found in biological systems provide a powerful blueprint for designing fracture-resistant brittle materials. This study aimed to fabricate and characterize spicule-inspired composites composed of rigid resin cylinders combined with various adhesive interlayers. The tereolithography technique was used to produce the cylinders, followed by vacuum-assisted infiltration of an adhesive between the layers. Nested cylindrical structures (NCSs) with varying rigid resin layer thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.3 mm) and inter-cylinder spacings (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 mm) were fabricated and infiltrated with different organic adhesives. The results demonstrated that a geometry of 0.5 mm layer thickness and 0.15 mm spacing, combined with Titebond adhesive (sample S0.5t-3-T), yielded a significant improvement in mechanical properties. S0.5t-3-T achieved maximum flexural strength and modulus of 55.49 ± 4.46 MPa, and 2.2 ± 0.12 GPa, respectively, compared with 27.05 ± 3.45 MPa, and 0.8 ± 0.1 GPa for the unfilled S0.5t-3. Increasing cylinder thickness from 0.5 mm to 1.3 mm further enhanced performance, with the S1.3t-3-T sample achieving a maximum flexural strength of 118.13 ± 11.34 MPa and modulus of 3.48 ± 0.21 GPa. Microscopic analysis and fractography identified asperity interlocking, surface waviness, and organic layer stretching as the primary toughening mechanisms. These findings provide specific geometric and interfacial design windows for bioinspired brittle composites, promoting translation of natural spicule structures into high-performance engineering materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101025"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101032
Jian Zheng , Xiaodan He , Tiantian Cheng , Xiaoning Wang , Chaoping Zou
Phthalazinediones are important heterocyclic compounds known for their diverse biological and pharmacological activities. The anti-bacterial properties of these organic compounds suggest potential benefits when incorporated into wound dressing hydrogels, preventing infection and reducing inflammation at the wound site. This research introduces a novel heterojunction photocatalyst, ZnO/CuSb2O6, integrating ZnO and CuSb2O6 with boosted photocatalytic efficiency. The physicochemical properties of ZnO/CuSb2O6 were analyzed using FT-IR, UV–Vis, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, TGA, TEM, and EDS. Electrochemical studies revealed that this nanoparticle has less charge-transfer resistance and a higher charge-mobility and photocatalytic performance compared to its ingredients. UV–Vis spectroscopy and M − S plots showed that the band-gap energy of this Z-scheme photocatalyst aligns with the visible-light region and ZnO functions as an n-type semiconductor, whereas CuSb2O6 behaves as a p-type semiconductor. The catalytic performance of ZnO/CuSb2O6 was assessed in the production of some phthalazinediones through the three-component coupling of an aromatic aldehyde, phthalhydrazide, and malononitrile in ethanol in the presence of 10 mg of catalyst and illumination of an HP Hg, 200W at 50 °C for 15 min. The hot-filtration, light on-off experiment, and performing some scavengers exhibited no important leaching of ingredients during the photocatalytic reaction, mainly driven by hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. This study offers several advantages, including high yield, reduced process time, straightforward work-up, and ease of separating and reusing the photocatalyst.
{"title":"ZnO/CuSb2O6 as a novel photocatalyst with enhanced performance in the synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1, 2-b]phthalazine-5, 10-diones as important mediators in designing wound dressing hydrogels","authors":"Jian Zheng , Xiaodan He , Tiantian Cheng , Xiaoning Wang , Chaoping Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phthalazinediones are important heterocyclic compounds known for their diverse biological and pharmacological activities. The anti-bacterial properties of these organic compounds suggest potential benefits when incorporated into wound dressing hydrogels, preventing infection and reducing inflammation at the wound site. This research introduces a novel heterojunction photocatalyst, ZnO/CuSb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, integrating ZnO and CuSb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> with boosted photocatalytic efficiency. The physicochemical properties of ZnO/CuSb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> were analyzed using FT-IR, UV–Vis, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, TGA, TEM, and EDS. Electrochemical studies revealed that this nanoparticle has less charge-transfer resistance and a higher charge-mobility and photocatalytic performance compared to its ingredients. UV–Vis spectroscopy and M − S plots showed that the band-gap energy of this Z-scheme photocatalyst aligns with the visible-light region and ZnO functions as an n-type semiconductor, whereas CuSb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> behaves as a p-type semiconductor. The catalytic performance of ZnO/CuSb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> was assessed in the production of some phthalazinediones through the three-component coupling of an aromatic aldehyde, phthalhydrazide, and malononitrile in ethanol in the presence of 10 mg of catalyst and illumination of an HP Hg, 200W at 50 °C for 15 min. The hot-filtration, light on-off experiment, and performing some scavengers exhibited no important leaching of ingredients during the photocatalytic reaction, mainly driven by hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. This study offers several advantages, including high yield, reduced process time, straightforward work-up, and ease of separating and reusing the photocatalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101024
Shiwen Wang , Minghua Wu , Jie Feng , Mao Feng , Zhirong Zheng , Li Sun , Guang Jin
Improving the charge conduction ability of piezoelectric fibers can achieve high output performance of wearable piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs). In this paper, a 2D conductive carbon material, MXene, was added to the nanofiber film to obtain BT@F/MXene/PVDF PENG. MXene possesses good electrical conductivity that can enhance the local electric field of piezoelectric fibers during the electrospinning process. This led to the enhanced piezoelectric properties of the BT@F/MXene/PVDF piezoelectric fibers. The β phase content and d33 value of the prepared BT@F/MXene/PVDF piezoelectric fibers reached up to 95 % and 48.7 ± 3 pC/N, respectively. Therefore, the electrical output performance of the prepared BT@F/MXene/PVDF PENG was significantly improved. The output voltage of the BT@F/MXene/PVDF PENG was measured to be 4.9 V, which was about 2 times higher than that of the BT@F/PVDF PENG. We further analyzed the mechanism by which MXene improved the electrical output performance of PENG. Furthermore, we compared the 2D MXene with conductive carbon materials of other dimensions (0D carbon black and 1D CNT), which revealed that the BT@F/MXene/PVDF PENG exhibited the highest piezoelectric output performance. Thus, a PENG exhibiting high piezoelectric output was developed in this work through the synergistic enhancement effect of BT@F nanoparticles and 2D MXene. This device is suitable for various applications, including mechanical energy harvesting, motion monitoring, and power supply equipment.
{"title":"Boosting piezoelectric output performance of composite flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators via incorporation of MXene","authors":"Shiwen Wang , Minghua Wu , Jie Feng , Mao Feng , Zhirong Zheng , Li Sun , Guang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the charge conduction ability of piezoelectric fibers can achieve high output performance of wearable piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs). In this paper, a 2D conductive carbon material, MXene, was added to the nanofiber film to obtain BT@F/MXene/PVDF PENG. MXene possesses good electrical conductivity that can enhance the local electric field of piezoelectric fibers during the electrospinning process. This led to the enhanced piezoelectric properties of the BT@F/MXene/PVDF piezoelectric fibers. The β phase content and d<sub>33</sub> value of the prepared BT@F/MXene/PVDF piezoelectric fibers reached up to 95 % and 48.7 ± 3 pC/N, respectively. Therefore, the electrical output performance of the prepared BT@F/MXene/PVDF PENG was significantly improved. The output voltage of the BT@F/MXene/PVDF PENG was measured to be 4.9 V, which was about 2 times higher than that of the BT@F/PVDF PENG. We further analyzed the mechanism by which MXene improved the electrical output performance of PENG. Furthermore, we compared the 2D MXene with conductive carbon materials of other dimensions (0D carbon black and 1D CNT), which revealed that the BT@F/MXene/PVDF PENG exhibited the highest piezoelectric output performance. Thus, a PENG exhibiting high piezoelectric output was developed in this work through the synergistic enhancement effect of BT@F nanoparticles and 2D MXene. This device is suitable for various applications, including mechanical energy harvesting, motion monitoring, and power supply equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101024"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101021
Hassan H. Hammud , Chawki Awada , Waleed A. Aljamhi , Stefano Boscarino , Antonino Scandurra , Francesco Ruffino
A novel nanostructured electrode has been developed for the sensitive electrochemical determination of urea. Ligand-free platinum nanoparticles averaging 10 nm in size were synthesized via pulsed laser ablation of a Pt target submerged in water (PLAL). These nanoparticles were drop-cast onto single-layer graphene (Gr) supported on a copper substrate, resulting in the Pt/Gr/Cu electrode. The modified electrode was integrated into a three-electrode electrochemical cell for urea determination at low concentrations. Voltametric mode revealed a detection limit of 0.5 mM, with a 0.5–10 mM linearity response region and a 0.1238 mA mM−1 cm−2 sensitivity. Measurements using the impedimetric mode by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further validated these findings, yielding a sensitivity of 0.0217 mM−1 cm−2 within the concentration range of 1–8 mM and confirming the detection limit of 0.5 mM.
{"title":"Innovative urea sensor: Pt/Graphene/Copper electrode via laser and drop casting techniques","authors":"Hassan H. Hammud , Chawki Awada , Waleed A. Aljamhi , Stefano Boscarino , Antonino Scandurra , Francesco Ruffino","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel nanostructured electrode has been developed for the sensitive electrochemical determination of urea. Ligand-free platinum nanoparticles averaging 10 nm in size were synthesized via pulsed laser ablation of a Pt target submerged in water (PLAL). These nanoparticles were drop-cast onto single-layer graphene (Gr) supported on a copper substrate, resulting in the Pt/Gr/Cu electrode. The modified electrode was integrated into a three-electrode electrochemical cell for urea determination at low concentrations. Voltametric mode revealed a detection limit of 0.5 mM, with a 0.5–10 mM linearity response region and a 0.1238 mA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> sensitivity. Measurements using the impedimetric mode by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further validated these findings, yielding a sensitivity of 0.0217 mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> within the concentration range of 1–8 mM and confirming the detection limit of 0.5 mM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101021"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101027
H.M. Alsafi , Mohammad W. Marashdeh , O.L. Tashlykov , Kholoud J. Sandougah , K.A. Mahmoud
The current study aims to utilize the recycled waste glass powder and natural clay to develop a novel, cost-effective ceramic material suitable for γ-ray shielding applications. The ceramic composites were fabricated according to the chemical formula of (85-y) clay + 15 wt% boric acid (H3BO3) + y glass waste, where y = 0, 10, 15, 20, 35, and 50 wt%. The impact of partially substituting of glass waste for the natural clay on the structural and γ-ray shielding properties is investigated experimentally. The minerals that mainly constitute the synthesized ceramics were determined using the X-ray diffractometer. Thereafter, the changes in the functional groups within the prepared material, resulting from increasing the glass waste concentration, were evaluated using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, the addition of the glass waste to the fabricated ceramics samples increases their porosity, pore volume, and water absorption factor, while their density decreases, as determined by the experimental measurements. Furthermore, the experimental measurements for the shielding properties using the NaI (Tl) detector show that the increase in recycled glass waste dopant concentration from 0 to 50 wt% decreases the linear attenuation coefficient from 0.552 cm−1 to 0.504 cm−1. The fall in the linear attenuation coefficient leads to a decline in the radiation protection efficacy of 10 cm thickness of the manufactured ceramics from 71.39 % to 69.85 % as the concentration of recycled glass trash increases from 0 to 50 wt% at 0.662 MeV.
{"title":"Sustainable ceramics for gamma-ray protection applications, employing inexpensive natural clay and recycled glass waste","authors":"H.M. Alsafi , Mohammad W. Marashdeh , O.L. Tashlykov , Kholoud J. Sandougah , K.A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study aims to utilize the recycled waste glass powder and natural clay to develop a novel, cost-effective ceramic material suitable for γ-ray shielding applications. The ceramic composites were fabricated according to the chemical formula of (85-y) clay + 15 wt% boric acid (H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>) + y glass waste, where y = 0, 10, 15, 20, 35, and 50 wt%. The impact of partially substituting of glass waste for the natural clay on the structural and γ-ray shielding properties is investigated experimentally. The minerals that mainly constitute the synthesized ceramics were determined using the X-ray diffractometer. Thereafter, the changes in the functional groups within the prepared material, resulting from increasing the glass waste concentration, were evaluated using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, the addition of the glass waste to the fabricated ceramics samples increases their porosity, pore volume, and water absorption factor, while their density decreases, as determined by the experimental measurements. Furthermore, the experimental measurements for the shielding properties using the NaI (Tl) detector show that the increase in recycled glass waste dopant concentration from 0 to 50 wt% decreases the linear attenuation coefficient from 0.552 cm<sup>−1</sup> to 0.504 cm<sup>−1</sup>. The fall in the linear attenuation coefficient leads to a decline in the radiation protection efficacy of 10 cm thickness of the manufactured ceramics from 71.39 % to 69.85 % as the concentration of recycled glass trash increases from 0 to 50 wt% at 0.662 MeV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101027"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101022
Shuting Zhang, Yuhan Dou, Dan Liao, Xu Long, Qi Lin, Shusen Wei, Chen Jin, Xuan Wu, Hong Dong, Yanjiang Song, Zhirong Qu, Chuan Wu
This study tackles thermal management challenges in high-power electronics by developing trimethoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with tailored branched architectures (TTMOS series) as surface treatment agents (STAs) for AlN/Al2O3 hybrid fillers. We systematically optimized filler size distribution, STA structure, and matrix viscosity to enhance thermal interface material (TIM) performance. Critical findings reveal that a hybrid filler mass ratio of 120 μm AlN: 3 μm Al2O3: 0.5 μm Al2O3 = 8:4:2 (87 vol% loading) delivers exceptional thermal conductivity (λ = 9.74 W m−1 K−1), low thermal resistance (θ = 2.86 K cm2 W−1), balanced penetrability (54.6/0.1 mm), and oil resistance (R16h = 1.50). Branched STAs, such as TTMOS-T1, significantly outperform linear analogues by enhancing interfacial compatibility, suppressing particle agglomeration (validated via SEM/XPS), and reducing oil seepage (R16h = 1.45 vs. 1.77 for TTMOS-I), while maintaining a high thermal conductivity (λ = 9.79 W m−1 K−1). A 100 mPa s Me-PDMS matrix further ensures post-thermal cycling stability, with λ increasing from 9.13 to 9.26 W m−1 K−1. Practical validation demonstrates that TTMOS-T1-modified grease reduces the surface temperature of a 30 W HB-LED chip by 10 °C versus commercial TIMs, highlighting its real-world efficacy.
本研究通过开发具有定制分支结构（TTMOS系列）的三甲氧基端聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）作为AlN/Al2O3杂化填料的表面处理剂（sta），解决了大功率电子器件的热管理挑战。我们系统地优化了填料尺寸分布、STA结构和基体粘度，以提高热界面材料（TIM）的性能。关键研究结果表明，混合填料的质量比为120 μm AlN: 3 μm Al2O3: 0.5 μm Al2O3 = 8:4:2 （87 vol%负载）具有优异的导热性（λ = 9.74 W m−1 K−1），低热阻（θ = 2.86 K cm2 W−1），平衡穿透性（54.6/0.1 mm）和耐油性（R16h = 1.50）。支链STAs，如TTMOS-T1，通过增强界面相容性，抑制颗粒团聚（通过SEM/XPS验证），减少油渗漏（R16h = 1.45 vs. TTMOS-I的1.77），同时保持高导热系数（λ = 9.79 W m−1 K−1），显著优于线性类似物。100 mPa s的Me-PDMS矩阵进一步保证了热后循环的稳定性，λ从9.13增加到9.26 W m−1 K−1。实际验证表明，与商业TIMs相比，ttmos - t1改性润滑脂将30w HB-LED芯片的表面温度降低了10°C，突出了其实际效果。
{"title":"Optimizing thermal conductivity and stability of silicone grease using branched PDMS-modified AlN/Al2O3 hybrid fillers","authors":"Shuting Zhang, Yuhan Dou, Dan Liao, Xu Long, Qi Lin, Shusen Wei, Chen Jin, Xuan Wu, Hong Dong, Yanjiang Song, Zhirong Qu, Chuan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study tackles thermal management challenges in high-power electronics by developing trimethoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with tailored branched architectures (TTMOS series) as surface treatment agents (STAs) for AlN/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> hybrid fillers. We systematically optimized filler size distribution, STA structure, and matrix viscosity to enhance thermal interface material (TIM) performance. Critical findings reveal that a hybrid filler mass ratio of 120 μm AlN: 3 μm Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: 0.5 μm Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> = 8:4:2 (87 vol% loading) delivers exceptional thermal conductivity (<em>λ</em> = 9.74 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>), low thermal resistance (<em>θ</em> = 2.86 K cm<sup>2</sup> W<sup>−1</sup>), balanced penetrability (54.6/0.1 mm), and oil resistance (<em>R</em><sub>16h</sub> = 1.50). Branched STAs, such as TTMOS-T1, significantly outperform linear analogues by enhancing interfacial compatibility, suppressing particle agglomeration (validated via SEM/XPS), and reducing oil seepage (<em>R</em><sub>16h</sub> = 1.45 vs. 1.77 for TTMOS-I), while maintaining a high thermal conductivity (<em>λ</em> = 9.79 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>). A 100 mPa s Me-PDMS matrix further ensures post-thermal cycling stability, with <em>λ</em> increasing from 9.13 to 9.26 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>. Practical validation demonstrates that TTMOS-T1-modified grease reduces the surface temperature of a 30 W HB-LED chip by 10 °C versus commercial TIMs, highlighting its real-world efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101022"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are biocompatible, water-soluble nanoparticles with tunable photoluminescence properties. Their green synthesis from medicinal plants offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach while enabling surface functionalization with plant-derived bioactive compounds. Salvia hydrangea and its cell cultures have recently been reported as rich sources of rosmarinic acid. In this study, plant aerial parts and cell cultures (as renewable precursors) were employed for the first time to synthesize CQDs via a one-step hydrothermal method. The nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, EDX, XRD, TEM, Zeta potential, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. The average size of CQDs synthesized from plant aerial parts (pCQDs) and cell cultures (cCQDs) was 3.7 ± 2.3 nm and 2.9 ± 1.9 nm, respectively, showing distinct particle size distributions. With abundant N-containing and O-rich groups on their surfaces, the CQDs exhibited good solubility in water. Moreover, zeta potential values for pCQDs (+15.7 mV) and cCQDs (−54.9 mV) indicated a significant difference in surface charge. Despite the higher colloidal stability and superior optical properties of cCQDs (QY = 8.3 %), pCQDs demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus. pCQDs also showed greater free radical scavenging activity than Trolox. Both types of CQDs exhibited low cytotoxicity toward fibroblast cells and did not cause significant hemolytic effects in human red blood cells. These findings highlight the influence of different plant tissues on the physicochemical and biological properties of CQDs and suggest their diverse application potential.
{"title":"Salvia hydrangea-derived carbon quantum dots via sustainable synthesis: Unraveling physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and biological efficacy","authors":"Mahsa Mardasi , Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili , Moones Rahmandoust , Alireza Ghassempour , Hosein Shahsavarani","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are biocompatible, water-soluble nanoparticles with tunable photoluminescence properties. Their green synthesis from medicinal plants offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach while enabling surface functionalization with plant-derived bioactive compounds. <em>Salvia hydrangea</em> and its cell cultures have recently been reported as rich sources of rosmarinic acid. In this study, plant aerial parts and cell cultures (as renewable precursors) were employed for the first time to synthesize CQDs via a one-step hydrothermal method. The nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, EDX, XRD, TEM, Zeta potential, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. The average size of CQDs synthesized from plant aerial parts (pCQDs) and cell cultures (cCQDs) was 3.7 ± 2.3 nm and 2.9 ± 1.9 nm, respectively, showing distinct particle size distributions. With abundant N-containing and O-rich groups on their surfaces, the CQDs exhibited good solubility in water. Moreover, zeta potential values for pCQDs (+15.7 mV) and cCQDs (−54.9 mV) indicated a significant difference in surface charge. Despite the higher colloidal stability and superior optical properties of cCQDs (QY = 8.3 %), pCQDs demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity, particularly against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. pCQDs also showed greater free radical scavenging activity than Trolox. Both types of CQDs exhibited low cytotoxicity toward fibroblast cells and did not cause significant hemolytic effects in human red blood cells. These findings highlight the influence of different plant tissues on the physicochemical and biological properties of CQDs and suggest their diverse application potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101018
Xuedi Wu , Yifei Chen , Weiping Li , Wenhuan Yang , Jingtian Gao , Long Bai
Photocatalysis is a promising strategy for eliminating antibiotic contaminants. ZnIn₂S₄, with its layered structure and narrow bandgap, shows great potential but suffers from severe carrier recombination. Here, we report the in situ construction of an S-scheme ZnIn₂S₄/MOF-808 heterojunction. MOF-808 is indispensable due to its exceptional structural stability, abundant Zr-based active sites, and highly oxidative valence band, which complement ZnIn₂S₄ and enable efficient charge separation beyond the capability of other MOFs. Comprehensive characterization confirmed intimate interfacial coupling and a reinforced built-in electric field. Importantly, mechanistic analysis clarified the origin of the theory–experiment discrepancy: the theoretical carrier density underestimated actual electron consumption owing to recombination, interfacial transport inefficiencies, and side reactions, while KPFM measurements revealed a stronger interfacial electric field than classical models predicted. These results confirmed that the S-scheme pathway governs charge transfer and radical generation. Among the composites, ZM₁₀–15 % achieved 88.2 % tetracycline degradation with excellent stability and anti-interference ability, highlighting the critical role of MOF-808 in constructing high-performance photocatalysts.
{"title":"Preparation of ZnIn2S4/MOF S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of tetracycline","authors":"Xuedi Wu , Yifei Chen , Weiping Li , Wenhuan Yang , Jingtian Gao , Long Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalysis is a promising strategy for eliminating antibiotic contaminants. ZnIn₂S₄, with its layered structure and narrow bandgap, shows great potential but suffers from severe carrier recombination. Here, we report the in situ construction of an S-scheme ZnIn₂S₄/MOF-808 heterojunction. MOF-808 is indispensable due to its exceptional structural stability, abundant Zr-based active sites, and highly oxidative valence band, which complement ZnIn₂S₄ and enable efficient charge separation beyond the capability of other MOFs. Comprehensive characterization confirmed intimate interfacial coupling and a reinforced built-in electric field. Importantly, mechanistic analysis clarified the origin of the theory–experiment discrepancy: the theoretical carrier density underestimated actual electron consumption owing to recombination, interfacial transport inefficiencies, and side reactions, while KPFM measurements revealed a stronger interfacial electric field than classical models predicted. These results confirmed that the S-scheme pathway governs charge transfer and radical generation. Among the composites, ZM₁₀–15 % achieved 88.2 % tetracycline degradation with excellent stability and anti-interference ability, highlighting the critical role of MOF-808 in constructing high-performance photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101016
Yixing Zhang , Yifan Li , Jiaming Zhang , Yarou Zheng , Yuancheng He , He Yang , Jianli Yang , Licong Li , Peng Xiong , Jieshuo Zhang , Jiamin Hu , Changyong Wang , Xiuling Liu
Developing highly sensitive and stable biomedical electrodes is crucial for brain-computer interfaces, wearable devices, and implantable devices. Research on biomedical electrode materials has made certain progress; however, there is still a need for further improvement in providing sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to monitor more regions, as well as in providing reliable and stable long-term recording. Herein, Graphene-Au interdigitated electrodes have been developed for high-fidelity, simultaneous acquisition of electrocardiography (ECG) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. In this work, the graphene material exhibits excellent electrical conductivity and good biocompatibility, and the interdigitated electrode structure can improve the collection accuracy and response time. The results show a rapid response time of 412 ns and a low electrode-electrolyte interface impedance of 20.8 for lateral conduction on dry skin, alongside a contact impedance of 207 k at 200 Pa, demonstrating high sensitivity and signal integrity. The electrodes exhibit stable and consistent performance in acquiring EEG and ECG signals, with accuracy comparable to traditional Ag/AgCl electrodes, as validated in emotion monitoring experiments capturing distinct physiological features. Additionally, the electrodes demonstrate exceptional durability for continuous health monitoring, maintaining a stable root mean square (RMS) peak signal of 201 16 V and a 100% P-wave detection rate in ECG recordings throughout 700 bending cycles. It overcomes traditional electrodes’ limitations in temporal resolution, biocompatibility, and long-term stability. This work provides a novel approach for designing next-generation flexible wearable medical monitoring devices.
{"title":"High-precision and fast-response Graphene-Au interdigitated electrode for long-term stability in wearable EEG and ECG monitoring","authors":"Yixing Zhang , Yifan Li , Jiaming Zhang , Yarou Zheng , Yuancheng He , He Yang , Jianli Yang , Licong Li , Peng Xiong , Jieshuo Zhang , Jiamin Hu , Changyong Wang , Xiuling Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing highly sensitive and stable biomedical electrodes is crucial for brain-computer interfaces, wearable devices, and implantable devices. Research on biomedical electrode materials has made certain progress; however, there is still a need for further improvement in providing sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to monitor more regions, as well as in providing reliable and stable long-term recording. Herein, Graphene-Au interdigitated electrodes have been developed for high-fidelity, simultaneous acquisition of electrocardiography (ECG) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. In this work, the graphene material exhibits excellent electrical conductivity and good biocompatibility, and the interdigitated electrode structure can improve the collection accuracy and response time. The results show a rapid response time of 412 ns and a low electrode-electrolyte interface impedance of 20.8 <span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> for lateral conduction on dry skin, alongside a contact impedance of 207 k<span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> at 200 Pa, demonstrating high sensitivity and signal integrity. The electrodes exhibit stable and consistent performance in acquiring EEG and ECG signals, with accuracy comparable to traditional Ag/AgCl electrodes, as validated in emotion monitoring experiments capturing distinct physiological features. Additionally, the electrodes demonstrate exceptional durability for continuous health monitoring, maintaining a stable root mean square (RMS) peak signal of 201 <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 16 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>V and a 100% P-wave detection rate in ECG recordings throughout 700 bending cycles. It overcomes traditional electrodes’ limitations in temporal resolution, biocompatibility, and long-term stability. This work provides a novel approach for designing next-generation flexible wearable medical monitoring devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101019
Thi Sinh Vo , Pyone Pyone Chit , Uiseok Hwang , Hang Sik Kim , Trung Hoang , Jungon Yu , Minseo Ju , Younghoon Cho , Nur Elis Sharmila binti Zulazmi , Tran Thi Bich Chau Vo , Van Quang Nguyen , Ki Kang Kim , Young-Min Kim , Duy Tho Pham , Sangyul Baik , Kyunghoon Kim
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles are widely valued for biomedical and catalytic applications owing to their biocompatibility, magnetic properties, and stability. However, integrating them into a uniform nanohybrid with long-term colloidal stability remains challenging due to particle aggregation and phase separation. In this study, citric acid was employed as a multifunctional stabilizing and chelating agent in the ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of HAp@Fe3O4 nanohybrids. Systematic variation of citric acid concentration (0.2–0.8 wt%) revealed its critical role in interfacial binding, electrostatic stabilization, and dispersion control. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirmed citric acid adsorption through C=O and carboxylate coordination with Ca2+ in HAp and Fe2+/Fe3+ in Fe3O4, accompanied by phosphate peak shifts and Fe–O band attenuation. Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering analyses demonstrated that dispersion stability was highly dependent on concentration. The control sample in water rapidly sedimented, while 0.5 % citric acid provided the most stable colloidal system, balancing electrostatic repulsion (zeta potential −13.1 mV post-sonication), reducing aggregation, and uniform particle size (∼1604 nm). Stability at 0.2 % citric acid was moderate, whereas 0.8 % citric acid initially improved dispersion but later induced re-agglomeration due to excessive ionic interactions. X-ray diffraction confirmed phase retention of HAp and Fe3O4 with progressive peak broadening at higher citric acid content, suggesting surface modification and crystallite size reduction. Scanning electron microscopy imaging demonstrated that citric acid, in synergy with ultrasonic cavitation, reduced agglomerate size and improved dispersion, particularly at 0.2–0.5 % citric acid. Notably, scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed a homogeneous distribution of Fe, Ca, and P in citric acid–modified hybrids, in sharp contrast to the strong clustering observed for pristine Fe3O4 in water. The findings establish citric acid as an effective molecular bridge between HAp and Fe3O4, enhancing colloidal stability and structural integration without post-synthetic modification. The optimized hybrid exhibits characteristics desirable for biomedical use, such as uniform dispersion, tunable surface chemistry, and retained crystallinity, laying the groundwork for future applications in magnetic hyperthermia, drug delivery, and bone tissue engineering.
{"title":"Role of citric acid in ultrasonically assisted hydroxyapatite@Fe3O4 functional nanohybrid formation: A detailed characterization study","authors":"Thi Sinh Vo , Pyone Pyone Chit , Uiseok Hwang , Hang Sik Kim , Trung Hoang , Jungon Yu , Minseo Ju , Younghoon Cho , Nur Elis Sharmila binti Zulazmi , Tran Thi Bich Chau Vo , Van Quang Nguyen , Ki Kang Kim , Young-Min Kim , Duy Tho Pham , Sangyul Baik , Kyunghoon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles are widely valued for biomedical and catalytic applications owing to their biocompatibility, magnetic properties, and stability. However, integrating them into a uniform nanohybrid with long-term colloidal stability remains challenging due to particle aggregation and phase separation. In this study, citric acid was employed as a multifunctional stabilizing and chelating agent in the ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of HAp@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanohybrids. Systematic variation of citric acid concentration (0.2–0.8 wt%) revealed its critical role in interfacial binding, electrostatic stabilization, and dispersion control. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirmed citric acid adsorption through C=O and carboxylate coordination with Ca<sup>2+</sup> in HAp and Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, accompanied by phosphate peak shifts and Fe–O band attenuation. Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering analyses demonstrated that dispersion stability was highly dependent on concentration. The control sample in water rapidly sedimented, while 0.5 % citric acid provided the most stable colloidal system, balancing electrostatic repulsion (zeta potential −13.1 mV post-sonication), reducing aggregation, and uniform particle size (∼1604 nm). Stability at 0.2 % citric acid was moderate, whereas 0.8 % citric acid initially improved dispersion but later induced re-agglomeration due to excessive ionic interactions. X-ray diffraction confirmed phase retention of HAp and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with progressive peak broadening at higher citric acid content, suggesting surface modification and crystallite size reduction. Scanning electron microscopy imaging demonstrated that citric acid, in synergy with ultrasonic cavitation, reduced agglomerate size and improved dispersion, particularly at 0.2–0.5 % citric acid. Notably, scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed a homogeneous distribution of Fe, Ca, and P in citric acid–modified hybrids, in sharp contrast to the strong clustering observed for pristine Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in water. The findings establish citric acid as an effective molecular bridge between HAp and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, enhancing colloidal stability and structural integration without post-synthetic modification. The optimized hybrid exhibits characteristics desirable for biomedical use, such as uniform dispersion, tunable surface chemistry, and retained crystallinity, laying the groundwork for future applications in magnetic hyperthermia, drug delivery, and bone tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101019"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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