Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101932
Long-Yu Zhang , Xiao-Fan Tang , Min Li , Xian-Yong Wei , Xing-Shun Cong , Li Li
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a promising technology for high-value utilization of lignin. However, the oxidative deactivation of active metals is still an insurmountable obstacle in the development of catalysts. NiCo/USY was prepared by Co sacrificial protection method and used for the HDO of lignin. A series of characterization and experimental results confirmed that the electron transfer from Co to Ni inhibited the oxidation of Ni and activated the intrinsic catalytic activity of Ni. Lignin was subjected to catalytic HDO over NiCo/USY in n-hexane under 2 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure at 220 °C for 4 h. The result shows that NiCo/USY exhibits excellent HDO activity of lignin with the yield of cyclanes is 56.1 %. In NiCo/USY, nickel nanoparticles with electron transferred from Co and mesoporous USY with abundant acidic centers play an important role in hydrogenating aromatic rings and removing oxygen atom, respectively. benzyloxybenzene and (oxybis(methylene))dibenzene were used as the lignin-related model compounds to investigate the mechanism for the HDO of lignin.
{"title":"Inhibition of Ni oxidation in a Ni-based catalyst to enhance the catalytic activity for lignin upgrading: Sacrificing Co to protect Ni","authors":"Long-Yu Zhang , Xiao-Fan Tang , Min Li , Xian-Yong Wei , Xing-Shun Cong , Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a promising technology for high-value utilization of lignin. However, the oxidative deactivation of active metals is still an insurmountable obstacle in the development of catalysts. NiCo/USY was prepared by Co sacrificial protection method and used for the HDO of lignin. A series of characterization and experimental results confirmed that the electron transfer from Co to Ni inhibited the oxidation of Ni and activated the intrinsic catalytic activity of Ni. Lignin was subjected to catalytic HDO over NiCo/USY in n-hexane under 2 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure at 220 °C for 4 h. The result shows that NiCo/USY exhibits excellent HDO activity of lignin with the yield of cyclanes is 56.1 %. In NiCo/USY, nickel nanoparticles with electron transferred from Co and mesoporous USY with abundant acidic centers play an important role in hydrogenating aromatic rings and removing oxygen atom, respectively. benzyloxybenzene and (oxybis(methylene))dibenzene were used as the lignin-related model compounds to investigate the mechanism for the HDO of lignin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101932"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101947
Tuo Guo , Aixin Cui , Yulong Chen , Man Wu , Qingjie Guo
Spinel-structured catalysts, with flexible frameworks and adjustable compositions, enhance catalytic performance by creating active sites. During CO2 hydrogenation, these catalysts promote CO2 bond cleavage and activation. This paper investigates the performance of the spinel-type catalyst Na/CaFe2O4, achieving a 39.29 % selectivity for light olefins and a conversion rate of 49.72 %. Data analysis showed that adding Ca increased the concentration of strong basic sites and oxygen vacancies in the catalysts, enhancing CO2 conversion. Additionally, Na and Ca facilitated the dissociative adsorption of C-O bonds and subsequent C-C coupling, improving the catalytic efficiency of CO2 hydrogenation. The catalyst demonstrated exceptional stability over 72 h, suggesting its promising industrial applicability.
{"title":"Na/CaFe2O4 catalysts for efficient CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins: Composition effects and catalytic mechanisms","authors":"Tuo Guo , Aixin Cui , Yulong Chen , Man Wu , Qingjie Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinel-structured catalysts, with flexible frameworks and adjustable compositions, enhance catalytic performance by creating active sites. During CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation, these catalysts promote CO<sub>2</sub> bond cleavage and activation. This paper investigates the performance of the spinel-type catalyst Na/CaFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, achieving a 39.29 % selectivity for light olefins and a conversion rate of 49.72 %. Data analysis showed that adding Ca increased the concentration of strong basic sites and oxygen vacancies in the catalysts, enhancing CO<sub>2</sub> conversion. Additionally, Na and Ca facilitated the dissociative adsorption of C-O bonds and subsequent C-C coupling, improving the catalytic efficiency of CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation. The catalyst demonstrated exceptional stability over 72 h, suggesting its promising industrial applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101947"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101885
Zhangjun Huang, Ziqi Tang, Hong Tian, Linli Shang, Xuan Huang, Lei Liu, Yanni Xuan
Nitrogen-containing compounds become a bottleneck in the conversion of biomass pyrolysis oil into high-value chemicals and fuels, and they are easily oxidized to nitrogen oxides in the subsequent utilization process, causing serious pollution to the environment. Lignin, a biomass component, has an important influence on nitrogen migration during biomass pyrolysis. In this study, we investigated the interaction of lignin model compounds (vanillin and Syringol) with nitrogen-containing components (phenylalanine) during lignin/amino acid co-pyrolysis using tube furnace experiments, thermogravimetric infrared (TG-FTIR) experiments, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), as well as the effect of lignin on the pyrolysis gas release and pyrolysis products of phenylalanine, in conjunction with quantum chemical calculation The effect of lignin on the pyrolysis of phenylalanine to styrene was explored. The experimental results showed that during the co-pyrolysis process, lignin modulators (vanillin and Syringol) dramatically reduced the temperature of the first stage of phenylalanine pyrolysis; promoted the pyrolysis oil generation and inhibited the pyrolysis gas generation; vanillin and Syringol promoted the fracture of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups of the side chain of phenylalanine, which resulted in a significant increase in the yields of aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis oils, with an increase of 32.07 % and 23.41 %, respectively. The simulation results showed that the hydrogen radicals generated by lignin modulators would promote the carbon ring breakage, decarboxylation and intermolecular ring-forming reaction of phenylalanine side chain to generate 1,2-diphenylethene, styrene and NH3, and promote the nitrogen-containing carbon chain to undergo intramolecular hydrogen transfer to form HCN, which was converted into styrene pathway showing strong competitiveness.
{"title":"Investigation of the interaction and nitrogen conversion mechanism during lignin/phenylalanine co-pyrolysis","authors":"Zhangjun Huang, Ziqi Tang, Hong Tian, Linli Shang, Xuan Huang, Lei Liu, Yanni Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen-containing compounds become a bottleneck in the conversion of biomass pyrolysis oil into high-value chemicals and fuels, and they are easily oxidized to nitrogen oxides in the subsequent utilization process, causing serious pollution to the environment. Lignin, a biomass component, has an important influence on nitrogen migration during biomass pyrolysis. In this study, we investigated the interaction of lignin model compounds (vanillin and Syringol) with nitrogen-containing components (phenylalanine) during lignin/amino acid co-pyrolysis using tube furnace experiments, thermogravimetric infrared (TG-FTIR) experiments, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), as well as the effect of lignin on the pyrolysis gas release and pyrolysis products of phenylalanine, in conjunction with quantum chemical calculation The effect of lignin on the pyrolysis of phenylalanine to styrene was explored. The experimental results showed that during the co-pyrolysis process, lignin modulators (vanillin and Syringol) dramatically reduced the temperature of the first stage of phenylalanine pyrolysis; promoted the pyrolysis oil generation and inhibited the pyrolysis gas generation; vanillin and Syringol promoted the fracture of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups of the side chain of phenylalanine, which resulted in a significant increase in the yields of aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis oils, with an increase of 32.07 % and 23.41 %, respectively. The simulation results showed that the hydrogen radicals generated by lignin modulators would promote the carbon ring breakage, decarboxylation and intermolecular ring-forming reaction of phenylalanine side chain to generate 1,2-diphenylethene, styrene and NH<sub>3</sub>, and promote the nitrogen-containing carbon chain to undergo intramolecular hydrogen transfer to form HCN, which was converted into styrene pathway showing strong competitiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101885"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101925
Yahya Çelebi , Mazlum Cengiz , Hüseyin Aydın
The cumulative nature of science enables each discovery to build upon previous findings, fostering continuous advancement in our understanding of the world. This work contributes to this collective knowledge base by examining octanol, promising next-generation biofuel with potential to replace conventional fuels. The favorable properties of octanol including higher calorific value, greater cetane number, higher flash point, lower vapor pressure, and lower hygroscopicity compared to other alcohols make it particularly attractive as a non-petroleum-based fuel alternative. This study presents a comprehensive review of octanol applications in diesel engines, focusing on four main scenarios: (i) octanol-biodiesel blend applications, (ii) octanol-diesel blend applications, (iii) octanol-biodiesel-diesel blend applications and (iv) octanol with other blend applications. This review presents a better understanding of how octanol blends influence engine combustion, performance, and environmental pollutants compared to neat diesel in diesel engines while also discussing its production methods, demand, and supply, as well as its environmental and human impacts. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the use of octanol as a fuel in diesel engines, highlighting its potential benefits and challenges, and identifying areas for future research.
{"title":"A review on the utilization of octanol and its blends in diesel engines","authors":"Yahya Çelebi , Mazlum Cengiz , Hüseyin Aydın","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cumulative nature of science enables each discovery to build upon previous findings, fostering continuous advancement in our understanding of the world. This work contributes to this collective knowledge base by examining octanol, promising next-generation biofuel with potential to replace conventional fuels. The favorable properties of octanol including higher calorific value, greater cetane number, higher flash point, lower vapor pressure, and lower hygroscopicity compared to other alcohols make it particularly attractive as a non-petroleum-based fuel alternative. This study presents a comprehensive review of octanol applications in diesel engines, focusing on four main scenarios: (i) octanol-biodiesel blend applications, (ii) octanol-diesel blend applications, (iii) octanol-biodiesel-diesel blend applications and (iv) octanol with other blend applications. This review presents a better understanding of how octanol blends influence engine combustion, performance, and environmental pollutants compared to neat diesel in diesel engines while also discussing its production methods, demand, and supply, as well as its environmental and human impacts. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the use of octanol as a fuel in diesel engines, highlighting its potential benefits and challenges, and identifying areas for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101925"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102022
Liqiang Zhang , Ningmin Zhu , Yuxiang Liu , Honglei Shi , Yiya Wang , Riyi Lin
To utilize the marine waste biomass and marine waste plastic efficiently, a new two-step catalytic co-pyrolysis process was proposed for considering the different pyrolysis characteristics of each biomass component. Marine waste polypropylene (PP) and Enteromorpha (EP) were chosen as raw materials. The widely used molecular sieve HZSM-5 catalyst was modified by different metal and characterized by SEM, XRD and BET. The effects of different modified catalysts on the two-step co-pyrolysis product distribution were investigated by a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor. The results showed that the Fe, Cu, and Co were successfully entered into the interior of the HZSM-5 catalyst pores and reduced the specific surface area and pore volume. Compared with HZSM-5, Cu/HZSM-5 increased the average pore size, which could decrease the diffusion resistance on the inner surface of the catalyst. The catalytic pyrolysis experiment results indicated that the modified catalysts decreased the oil yield but increased the gas yield. Moreover, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the oil was improved significantly by the catalysts, which decreased the contents of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds due to the deoxygenation and denitrification effects. Especially, in the second step, Cu/HZSM-5 achieved the highest content of aromatics (89.37 %), which was much higher than that of the raw material (66.16 %). Fe/HZSM-5 showed the best deoxygenation effects, and Cu/HZSM-5 had the best denitrification effects. The selectivity of H2 in the gas product was improved to (48.52 %) by Cu/HZSM-5, and the highest CO selectivity (21.17 %) was achieved by Fe/HZSM-5 in the second step. Under the influence of the catalyst, biochar retained good aromaticity stability, and high hydrophilicity. Based on the product distribution, a preliminary analysis was conducted on the formation pathways of aromatic hydrocarbons during the two-step catalytic co-pyrolysis of EP and PP.
{"title":"Two-step co-pyrolysis of enteromorpha and marine waste polypropylene catalyzed by various modified HZSM-5 catalysts","authors":"Liqiang Zhang , Ningmin Zhu , Yuxiang Liu , Honglei Shi , Yiya Wang , Riyi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To utilize the marine waste biomass and marine waste plastic efficiently, a new two-step catalytic co-pyrolysis process was proposed for considering the different pyrolysis characteristics of each biomass component. Marine waste polypropylene (PP) and Enteromorpha (EP) were chosen as raw materials. The widely used molecular sieve HZSM-5 catalyst was modified by different metal and characterized by SEM, XRD and BET. The effects of different modified catalysts on the two-step co-pyrolysis product distribution were investigated by a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor. The results showed that the Fe, Cu, and Co were successfully entered into the interior of the HZSM-5 catalyst pores and reduced the specific surface area and pore volume. Compared with HZSM-5, Cu/HZSM-5 increased the average pore size, which could decrease the diffusion resistance on the inner surface of the catalyst. The catalytic pyrolysis experiment results indicated that the modified catalysts decreased the oil yield but increased the gas yield. Moreover, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the oil was improved significantly by the catalysts, which decreased the contents of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds due to the deoxygenation and denitrification effects. Especially, in the second step, Cu/HZSM-5 achieved the highest content of aromatics (89.37 %), which was much higher than that of the raw material (66.16 %). Fe/HZSM-5 showed the best deoxygenation effects, and Cu/HZSM-5 had the best denitrification effects. The selectivity of H<sub>2</sub> in the gas product was improved to (48.52 %) by Cu/HZSM-5, and the highest CO selectivity (21.17 %) was achieved by Fe/HZSM-5 in the second step. Under the influence of the catalyst, biochar retained good aromaticity stability, and high hydrophilicity. Based on the product distribution, a preliminary analysis was conducted on the formation pathways of aromatic hydrocarbons during the two-step catalytic co-pyrolysis of EP and PP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102022"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101933
Muhammad Bilal Ahmad , Tedla Medhane Embaye , Shuanghui Deng , Khuda Bukhsh , Renhui Ruan , Ao Zhou , Zhongfa Hu , Nan Deng , Dongyin Wu , Houzhang Tan , Xuebin Wang
The rapid increase of domestic waste (DW) and sewage sludge (SS) has made their co-combustion a promising approach for sustainable waste management. In this work, the combustion characteristics, dominant interaction mechanisms, evolution of gaseous pollutants, and product distribution of DW, SS and their blends were studied using the TG-FTIR-Py-GC/MS approach. The results indicated that the positive interaction effects occurred during the co-combustion of the DW and SS blends, which improved their co-disposal efficiency. Meanwhile, the ignition index (Di) exhibited non-linear behavior, the comprehensive combustion index (CCI) increased up to a 20 % SS blending ratio, and flame stability (Fi) rose linearly with higher SS blending ratios, indicating that co-combustion of DW with SS improved overall combustion performance.
The FTIR identified that the evolving gaseous products were HCN, CO2, CO, HCl, CH4, NO, SO2, and H2O. The total gaseous emissions of CO2, CO, H2O, and other pollutants from DW were substantially higher than those from SS, due to distinct combustion characteristics. Adding DW to SS effectively reduced CO2, CO, H2O, and other pollutants emissions, indicating that the co-combustion of DW and SS was an advantageous treatment. Further analysis showed that co-combustion of DW with 20 % SS resulted in the lowest emissions of CO2, CO, H2O, and other hazardous pollutants. The GC/MS analysis revealed that the ash catalysis effect during the co-combustion of DW with varying SS blending ratios effectively suppressed aromatic hydrocarbon production and enhanced the yield of aliphatic hydrocarbons and ketones. Furthermore, the overall O-containing groups showed a decreasing trend. This study provides the fundamental reference for practical application of waste to energy.
{"title":"Investigation on co-combustion behavior of domestic waste and sewage sludge using TG-FTIR-Py-GC/MS: Thermal behavior and gaseous pollutants emission","authors":"Muhammad Bilal Ahmad , Tedla Medhane Embaye , Shuanghui Deng , Khuda Bukhsh , Renhui Ruan , Ao Zhou , Zhongfa Hu , Nan Deng , Dongyin Wu , Houzhang Tan , Xuebin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid increase of domestic waste (DW) and sewage sludge (SS) has made their co-combustion a promising approach for sustainable waste management. In this work, the combustion characteristics, dominant interaction mechanisms, evolution of gaseous pollutants, and product distribution of DW, SS and their blends were studied using the TG-FTIR-Py-GC/MS approach. The results indicated that the positive interaction effects occurred during the co-combustion of the DW and SS blends, which improved their co-disposal efficiency. Meanwhile, the ignition index (<em>D</em><sub><em>i</em></sub>) exhibited non-linear behavior, the comprehensive combustion index (<em>CCI</em>) increased up to a 20 % SS blending ratio, and flame stability (<em>F</em><sub><em>i</em></sub>) rose linearly with higher SS blending ratios, indicating that co-combustion of DW with SS improved overall combustion performance.</div><div>The FTIR identified that the evolving gaseous products were HCN, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, HCl, CH<sub>4</sub>, NO, SO<sub>2,</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O. The total gaseous emissions of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, H<sub>2</sub>O, and other pollutants from DW were substantially higher than those from SS, due to distinct combustion characteristics. Adding DW to SS effectively reduced CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, H<sub>2</sub>O, and other pollutants emissions, indicating that the co-combustion of DW and SS was an advantageous treatment. Further analysis showed that co-combustion of DW with 20 % SS resulted in the lowest emissions of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, H<sub>2</sub>O, and other hazardous pollutants. The GC/MS analysis revealed that the ash catalysis effect during the co-combustion of DW with varying SS blending ratios effectively suppressed aromatic hydrocarbon production and enhanced the yield of aliphatic hydrocarbons and ketones. Furthermore, the overall O-containing groups showed a decreasing trend. This study provides the fundamental reference for practical application of waste to energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101933"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101950
Shuo Pan, Yu Zhang, Jingru Bai, Zhichao Wang, Da Cui, Qing Wang
The nitrogenous compounds in shale oil at various final pyrolysis temperatures were detected using gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detection (GC-NCD). Thirty structural models of nitrogenous compounds were constructed using density functional theory and transition state theory calculations. To investigate the effects of different reaction mechanisms, forty reaction paths were designed around the models consisting of aliphatic amines, anilines, pyrroles, pyridines, indoles, and carbazoles. The results indicated that pyrroles, pyridines, and quinolines acted as intermediates during the processes for the formation of nitrogen-containing compounds. The contents of alkylindoles decreased while that of alkylcarbazoles increased, both following a consistent trend. Additionally, the presence of hydroxyl radicals and intramolecular hydrogen transfer significantly reduced the reaction energies of nitrogenous compounds during generation. Path23-1 begins with hydrogen radical transfer from the hydroxyl group attached to the carbon to the neighboring carbon, and forming a carbonyl group. This process breaks the delocalized π-bonds off the ring, with a reaction energy of 273.2 kJ/mol.
{"title":"Investigation of generation mechanisms in nitrogenous compounds of shale oil using GC-NCD and theoretical calculations","authors":"Shuo Pan, Yu Zhang, Jingru Bai, Zhichao Wang, Da Cui, Qing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nitrogenous compounds in shale oil at various final pyrolysis temperatures were detected using gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detection (GC-NCD). Thirty structural models of nitrogenous compounds were constructed using density functional theory and transition state theory calculations. To investigate the effects of different reaction mechanisms, forty reaction paths were designed around the models consisting of aliphatic amines, anilines, pyrroles, pyridines, indoles, and carbazoles. The results indicated that pyrroles, pyridines, and quinolines acted as intermediates during the processes for the formation of nitrogen-containing compounds. The contents of alkylindoles decreased while that of alkylcarbazoles increased, both following a consistent trend. Additionally, the presence of hydroxyl radicals and intramolecular hydrogen transfer significantly reduced the reaction energies of nitrogenous compounds during generation. Path23-1 begins with hydrogen radical transfer from the hydroxyl group attached to the carbon to the neighboring carbon, and forming a carbonyl group. This process breaks the delocalized π-bonds off the ring, with a reaction energy of 273.2 kJ/mol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101911
A.E. Geweda , Mohamed E. Zayed , Mohd Yusuf Khan , Awad B.S. Alquaity
The growing challenges posed by climate change have prompted global efforts to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. One crucial strategy to meet CO2 emission reduction targets is carbon capture and sequestration, which plays a pivotal role in transitioning to low - carbon energy systems in the coming years. This paper summarizes the recent developments in carbon capture technologies and enhanced strategies, emphasizing mitigating anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Initially, the existing carbon capture strategies, including pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxyfuel combustion capture, are discussed. Subsequently, an examination of the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy is provided, followed by a comparative evaluation to assess their efficiencies and suitability for achieving zero carbon footprints. Next, different carbon capture techniques are examined, encompassing various methods such as absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, cryogenic separation, and chemical looping. Each method is thoroughly analyzed, detailing its mechanisms and feasibility for large-scale deployment. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of these CO2 capture technologies is provided, focusing on their advantages and constraints. The integration of strategies and technologies outlined in this paper serves as a valuable reference for scholars, industry experts, and policymakers, aiming to navigate the intricate realm of carbon capture. By elucidating the intricacies of different capture methods and technologies, this review adds to the ongoing discussion on sustainable practices and the urgent need to mitigate carbon emissions.
{"title":"Mitigating CO2 emissions: A review on emerging technologies/strategies for CO2 capture","authors":"A.E. Geweda , Mohamed E. Zayed , Mohd Yusuf Khan , Awad B.S. Alquaity","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing challenges posed by climate change have prompted global efforts to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) levels. One crucial strategy to meet CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction targets is carbon capture and sequestration, which plays a pivotal role in transitioning to low - carbon energy systems in the coming years. This paper summarizes the recent developments in carbon capture technologies and enhanced strategies, emphasizing mitigating anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Initially, the existing carbon capture strategies, including pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxyfuel combustion capture, are discussed. Subsequently, an examination of the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy is provided, followed by a comparative evaluation to assess their efficiencies and suitability for achieving zero carbon footprints. Next, different carbon capture techniques are examined, encompassing various methods such as absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, cryogenic separation, and chemical looping. Each method is thoroughly analyzed, detailing its mechanisms and feasibility for large-scale deployment. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of these CO<sub>2</sub> capture technologies is provided, focusing on their advantages and constraints. The integration of strategies and technologies outlined in this paper serves as a valuable reference for scholars, industry experts, and policymakers, aiming to navigate the intricate realm of carbon capture. By elucidating the intricacies of different capture methods and technologies, this review adds to the ongoing discussion on sustainable practices and the urgent need to mitigate carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101911"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101701
Tang Cunjing , Li Fashe , Zhang Huicong , Duan Yaozong , Zhu Zhiheng , Chen Ning
{"title":"Corrigendum to “An image-processing method based on regional separation-parameter coupling for the stability analysis of biodiesel flame” [J. Energy Inst. 114 (2024) 101640]","authors":"Tang Cunjing , Li Fashe , Zhang Huicong , Duan Yaozong , Zhu Zhiheng , Chen Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101701"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101877
Ariklênio A. da Silva , Dulce M.A. Melo , Tiago R. da Costa , Rodolfo Luiz B.A. Medeiros , Gineide C. dos Anjos , Fabíola C. Carvalho , Rebecca A.B.N. Santiago , Ângelo A.S. Oliveira , Renata M. Braga
The development of oxygen carriers with specific properties is one of the main bottlenecks for applicability of chemical looping processes. Considering this, the article presents an investigation of the physicochemical, structural, morphological and reactive properties of four oxygen carriers based on Fe and/or Ni supported on calcium aluminate. Three different calcium aluminates were prepared: one by the conventional Pechini method, the following two using eggshell residue as calcium source, one with the shell in natura and last calcined at 500 °C. The support obtained from the eggshell in natura presented greater surface area and pore volume, being selected for continuity of the research. The active phase was added by the method of incipient wetness impregnation. XRD, TPR results showed that iron interacted with the support forming calcium ferrite, while nickel showed inert to the support. The reactivity by thermogravimetry showed that the OC Ni/CA presented practically 100 % reactivity in the cycles of reduction with methane and oxidation with air, and its structural and morphological properties remained unchanged after its regeneration.
{"title":"Ni-Fe supported on CaAl2O4 obtained from eggs shell for chemical looping technology","authors":"Ariklênio A. da Silva , Dulce M.A. Melo , Tiago R. da Costa , Rodolfo Luiz B.A. Medeiros , Gineide C. dos Anjos , Fabíola C. Carvalho , Rebecca A.B.N. Santiago , Ângelo A.S. Oliveira , Renata M. Braga","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of oxygen carriers with specific properties is one of the main bottlenecks for applicability of chemical looping processes. Considering this, the article presents an investigation of the physicochemical, structural, morphological and reactive properties of four oxygen carriers based on Fe and/or Ni supported on calcium aluminate. Three different calcium aluminates were prepared: one by the conventional Pechini method, the following two using eggshell residue as calcium source, one with the shell in natura and last calcined at 500 °C. The support obtained from the eggshell in natura presented greater surface area and pore volume, being selected for continuity of the research. The active phase was added by the method of incipient wetness impregnation. XRD, TPR results showed that iron interacted with the support forming calcium ferrite, while nickel showed inert to the support. The reactivity by thermogravimetry showed that the OC Ni/CA presented practically 100 % reactivity in the cycles of reduction with methane and oxidation with air, and its structural and morphological properties remained unchanged after its regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号