Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献_第6页

Optical test devices and methods for internal combustion engines and optical studies on spray combustion characteristics for three different alternative fuels: A review 内燃机的光学测试设备和方法，以及对三种不同替代燃料的喷雾燃烧特性的光学研究：综述

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101845

Shuqiang Liu , Jie Zhang , Jingyu Xue , Mingliang Chen , Leyang Dai , Zibin Yin , Yaoqi Kang

Due to the increasingly stringent emission regulations and the rising call for energy saving and emission reduction, efficient and clean combustion in internal combustion engines have become a research priority. However, the in-cylinder spray combustion process is complex and variable due to a variety of factors. Spray combustion, as a key segment of combustion in internal combustion engines, plays a key role in the efficient and clean combustion of internal combustion engines. The optical test device can truly observe the spray combustion in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine by equipping with an optical window. This paper focuses on the study of internal combustion engine optics, and reviews the current major optical test devices, optical detection methods, and spray combustion characteristics of three different alternative fuels. Firstly, the paper reviews three commonly used optical test devices, namely, CVCB, RCM and optical engine, and their studies on laminar flame, ignition delay and flash spray. Subsequently, the paper summarizes the spray combustion characteristic parameters and nine commonly used optical test methods that are well suited to determine spray morphology, concentration field, velocity field, combustion characteristics and intermediate composition. Finally, the paper summarizes the spray combustion characteristics of three alternative fuels.

由于排放法规日趋严格，节能减排的呼声日益高涨，内燃机的高效清洁燃烧已成为研究的重点。然而，由于各种因素的影响，缸内喷雾燃烧过程复杂多变。喷雾燃烧作为内燃机燃烧的关键环节，对内燃机的高效清洁燃烧起着关键作用。光学测试装置通过配备光学窗口，可以真实观察内燃机气缸内的喷雾燃烧情况。本文以内燃机光学研究为重点，综述了目前主要的光学测试装置、光学检测方法以及三种不同替代燃料的喷雾燃烧特性。首先，本文回顾了三种常用的光学测试设备，即 CVCB、RCM 和光学发动机，以及它们对层状火焰、点火延迟和闪喷的研究。随后，论文总结了喷雾燃烧特性参数和九种常用的光学测试方法，这些方法非常适合测定喷雾形态、浓度场、速度场、燃烧特性和中间成分。最后，本文总结了三种替代燃料的喷雾燃烧特性。

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引用次数: 0

Study on K-modified Ca-based dual-functional materials for carbon capture and in-situ methane dry reforming 用于碳捕获和原位甲烷干重整的 K 改性 Ca 基双功能材料研究

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101847

Rui Jiang, Zhenwu Miao, Laihong Shen

Integrated carbon capture and in-situ methane dry reforming (ICCU-DRM) is a promising technology for chemical looping transformation, this process involves the sequential switching of feedstocks within a single reactor, allowing CO₂ capture to occur before methane dry reforming without direct CO₂-CH₄ contact. However, a significant challenge in the ICCU-DRM process is the disparity between the optimal temperatures required for carbon capture and dry reforming, with the latter necessitating considerably higher temperatures. This could lead to substantial CO₂ losses when the reaction temperature is elevated to the optimal level for dry reforming. To address this issue and improve CO₂ conversion efficiency, this study explores K doping in synthesizing a dual-functional material, NiCa_1.6K_0.4@Al₂O₃, through extrusion-spheronization. The synthesized material exhibits a stable pore structure and a large internal surface area, crucial for enhancing CO₂ capture. The optimum temperature for DRM is around 800 °C. Notably, the formation of K₂Ca(CO₃)₂ during the calcination of NiCa_1.6K_0.4@Al₂O₃, with a thermal decomposition temperature of approximately 800 °C, plays a crucial role in minimizing CO₂ release during the heating process, thereby significantly improving the CO₂ conversion. To evaluate the impact of K doping on the material, the samples were subjected to carbon capture at 650 °C and dry reforming of methane at 750 °C. The results showed that the CO₂ conversion rate of NiCa_1.6K_0.4@Al₂O₃ reached 52.8 %, compared to only 18.9 % for NiCa₂@Al₂O₃ under the same conditions. Moreover, this study also investigates the impact of carbon capture temperature, dry reforming temperature, and catalytic metal loading on the performance of the ICCU-DRM process.

集成碳捕集与原位甲烷干重整（ICCU-DRM）是一种很有前景的化学循环转化技术，该工艺涉及在单个反应器内按顺序切换原料，允许在甲烷干重整之前进行二氧化碳捕集，而不直接接触二氧化碳和甲烷。然而，ICCU-DRM 工艺面临的一个重大挑战是碳捕集和干重整所需的最佳温度之间存在差异，后者需要更高的温度。当反应温度升高到干重整的最佳温度时，可能会导致大量二氧化碳损失。为解决这一问题并提高二氧化碳转化效率，本研究探讨了通过挤压-球化掺杂 K 合成双功能材料 NiCa1.6K0.4@Al2O3。合成的材料具有稳定的孔隙结构和较大的内表面积，这对提高二氧化碳捕集率至关重要。DRM 的最佳温度约为 800 ℃。值得注意的是，NiCa1.6K0.4@Al2O3 的煅烧过程中会形成 K2Ca(CO3)2，其热分解温度约为 800 °C，这对最大限度地减少加热过程中的二氧化碳释放起到了关键作用，从而显著提高了二氧化碳转化率。为了评估 K 掺杂对材料的影响，对样品进行了 650 °C 的碳捕集和 750 °C 的甲烷干转化试验。结果表明，在相同条件下，NiCa1.6K0.4@Al2O3 的二氧化碳转化率达到 52.8%，而 NiCa2@Al2O3 的转化率仅为 18.9%。此外，本研究还探讨了碳捕集温度、干重整温度和催化金属负载对 ICCU-DRM 工艺性能的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical analysis of the ignition and gas-phase flame evolution of pulverized coal based on online experimental diagnostics 基于在线实验诊断的煤粉着火和气相火焰演变的数值分析

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101843

Mengfan Yuan , Wenkun Zhu , Hongliang Qi , Xingyi Wang , Lei Zhang , Yupeng Li , Rui Sun

A transient ignition model employing a reduced chemical mechanism was developed to investigate the ignition characteristics and the gas-phase flame evolution of pulverized coal particles. The chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model was chosen to simulate the devolatilization process, and its accuracy was validated using a high-temperature entrained-flow reactor. Additionally, a novel method was introduced to cross-validate the single-particle simulation results with real-time OH-PLIF experimental measurements of particle streams, particularly at a large particle spacing ratio. The ignition mode was determined using the ignition delay time and volatile burnout time. Results show that as the oxygen volume fraction increases from 5% to 50% at a temperature of 1800 K, the ignition mode transitions from homogeneous ignition (GI) to heterogeneous ignition (HI). Notably, the same ignition mode was observed regardless of whether GI was defined using gas-phase temperature or OH levels. In the homo-heterogeneous ignition mode, the gas-phase flame intensity, characterized by OH levels, increases rapidly, then decreases, and re-increases slightly. The sequence of gas-phase reactions initiates with volatile combustion, followed by the co-combustion of residual volatiles and newly generated CO, and culminates in the combustion of CO itself. Online experimental findings confirmed that CO originates from char oxidation. Throughout this process, the gas-phase flame front extends outward until the volatiles are consumed.

为了研究煤粉颗粒的着火特性和气相火焰演化，开发了一种采用还原化学机制的瞬态着火模型。选择化学渗滤脱碳（CPD）模型来模拟脱碳过程，并使用高温内流反应器验证了其准确性。此外，还引入了一种新方法，将单颗粒模拟结果与颗粒流的实时 OH-PLIF 实验测量结果进行交叉验证，尤其是在颗粒间距比较大的情况下。利用点火延迟时间和挥发燃烧时间确定了点火模式。结果表明，在温度为 1800 K 时，当氧气体积分数从 5% 增加到 50% 时，点火模式从均质点火 (GI) 过渡到异质点火 (HI)。值得注意的是，无论使用气相温度还是羟基水平来定义 GI，都能观察到相同的点火模式。在同质异相点火模式下，气相火焰强度（以羟基水平为特征）会迅速增加，然后减弱，最后再略微增加。气相反应的顺序由挥发物燃烧开始，然后是残余挥发物和新生成的 CO 共同燃烧，最后是 CO 本身的燃烧。在线实验结果证实，CO 源自炭氧化。在整个过程中，气相火焰前沿一直向外延伸，直到挥发物消耗殆尽。

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引用次数: 0

Study on laminar combustion characteristics and the optimization of the coupling mechanism in a mixture of propanol and gasoline 丙醇与汽油混合物层流燃烧特性及耦合机制优化研究

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101846

Liu Leilei , Niu Zhenze , Feng Hongqing , Han Xinlu , Zhang Shuo , Wang Changhui

When both isopropanol and n-propanol are incorporated, the utilization of propanol as a fuel substitute (or a gasoline additive) presents promising potential for enhancing the combustion efficiency and thermal performance in compact, turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines upon blending. However, the complexity of the laminar combustion behavior of propanol-blended gasoline has yet to be fully investigated, as current coupling mechanisms are insufficiently sophisticated to precisely mirror the complex experimental conditions.

This study establishes a testbed specifically designed for measuring laminar burning velocity (LBV) using the heat flux method. This setup is employed to measure the LBV of pure n-heptane and isooctane, as well as the LBV of the gasoline surrogate fuel TRF with two distinct blend ratios. Additionally, it measures the LBV of propanol and its blends with TRF. The research findings reveal that isooctane demonstrates a heightened sensitivity to fuel preheating temperature, whereas the toluene proportion in TRF fuels exerts the most pronounced influence on combustion behavior. At an equivalence ratio of 1.1, the LBV of n-propanol differs from that of its isomer, isopropanol, by 4.65 cm/s. Notably, the LBV exhibits a discernible upward trend, corresponding to the increasing proportion of toluene in the blended fuel. Furthermore, there is a pronounced distinction in LBV among the propanol isomers, with blended TRF occupying an intermediate position between pure propanol and TRF. After the enhancement of the mechanism based on experimental benchmarks of LBV, a rigorous validation process demonstrated a substantial improvement in the alignment between simulated outcomes and empirical LBV measurements.

当异丙醇和正丙醇同时加入时，利用丙醇作为燃料替代品（或汽油添加剂）有望在混合后提高紧凑型涡轮增压直喷汽油发动机的燃烧效率和热性能。然而，丙醇混合汽油层燃行为的复杂性还有待充分研究，因为目前的耦合机制不够复杂，无法精确反映复杂的实验条件。该装置用于测量纯正庚烷和异辛烷的层燃速度，以及两种不同混合比的汽油代用燃料 TRF 的层燃速度。此外，它还测量了丙醇及其与 TRF 混合燃料的枸变值。研究结果表明，异辛烷对燃料预热温度的敏感性更高，而 TRF 燃料中甲苯的比例对燃烧行为的影响最为明显。当等效比为 1.1 时，正丙醇的惰性气体变速与异构体异丙醇的惰性气体变速相差 4.65 厘米/秒。值得注意的是，LBV 呈明显的上升趋势，与混合燃料中甲苯比例的增加相对应。此外，丙醇异构体之间的 LBV 有明显区别，混合 TRF 处于纯丙醇和 TRF 之间的中间位置。在根据枸杞多糖的实验基准对机理进行改进后，严格的验证过程表明模拟结果与经验枸杞多糖测量结果之间的一致性有了很大提高。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation and optimization of syngas generation during chemical looping gasification of municipal sludge using Fe/Al oxygen carrier 使用铁/铝氧载体对城市污泥进行化学循环气化过程中合成气生成的研究与优化

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101844

Zewen An , Qihe Yuan , Hanqing Liang , Kun Wang , Xiaoying Yuan , Cuiping Wang , Qingjie Guo

To contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions, municipal sludge has to be utilized as a resource instead of being disposed of, especially since current sludge disposal methods encounter problems such as high dehydration energy consumption and secondary pollution. In this study, Fe/Al composite oxygen carriers (FOCs) were prepared using Al₂O₃ particles as carriers and Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O as a precursor. Chemical looping gasification (CLG) of wet municipal sludge was conducted in a FOC-loaded fixed bed reactor, and the effect of reaction parameters and conditions on FOCs and syngas generation characteristics were analyzed by various methods. The results showed that the participation of water vapor in the gasification reaction significantly improved the hydrogen production rate of sludge gasification and avoided the over-reduction of the FOC. The vapor released from sludge significantly improved the thermal conversion efficiency of the sludge. Higher temperatures were conducive to the gasification reaction in the first stage, but when the reaction temperature reached 900 °C, the FOC slightly sintered, the reaction atmosphere was affected, and the hydrogen ratio in syngas started decreasing. Controlling the mixing ratio of FOC to sludge (O/H) was an important influencing factor for preparing high-quality syngas. When O/H was higher than 0.25, the quality of syngas decreased significantly. The conclusions obtained in this study can guide the selection of reaction conditions for the CLG of wet sludge using FOCs to prepare hydrogen-rich syngas.

为了减少碳排放，必须将市政污泥作为一种资源加以利用，而不是随意丢弃，尤其是目前的污泥处置方法存在脱水能耗高和二次污染等问题。本研究以 Al2O3 颗粒为载体，Fe(NO3)3-9H2O 为前驱体，制备了铁/铝复合氧载体（FOCs）。在装有 FOC 的固定床反应器中对湿市政污泥进行了化学循环气化（CLG），并采用多种方法分析了反应参数和条件对 FOCs 和合成气生成特性的影响。结果表明，水蒸气参与气化反应显著提高了污泥气化的产氢率，避免了 FOC 的过度还原。污泥释放出的水蒸气大大提高了污泥的热转化效率。在第一阶段，较高的温度有利于气化反应的进行，但当反应温度达到 900 ℃ 时，FOC 轻微烧结，反应气氛受到影响，合成气中的氢比例开始下降。控制 FOC 与污泥的混合比（O/H）是制备高质量合成气的重要影响因素。当 O/H 大于 0.25 时，合成气的质量明显下降。本研究得出的结论可指导利用 FOCs 制备富氢合成气的湿污泥 CLG 反应条件的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Study of the N2O formation mechanism in NOx-assisted heterogeneous catalytic combustion of soot in CeO2-based catalytic microchannel reactor 二氧化铈催化微通道反应器中氮氧化物辅助异相催化燃烧烟尘的 N2O 形成机理研究

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101842

Zonglin Li , Pan Wang , Chengcheng Ao , Tong Yan , Lidong Zhang , Jianwen Cai , Haodong Meng

A CeO₂-based catalytic microchannel reactor fixed-bed experiment was carried out to investigate the N₂O formation in NO_x-assisted catalytic combustion with fresh and hydrothermally aging catalysts during NOx-assisted heterogeneous catalytic combustion of soot. An evolved NOx-assisted soot catalytic combustion reaction mechanism was built to investigate N₂O formation and key reaction pathways based on in situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) diagnostics and destiny functional theory (DFT) computations. It was found that the temperature range of N₂O formation was the same as the initiation temperature of soot catalytic combustion, while the significant catalytic activity of CeO₂ catalyst induced a decrease in the temperature range of N₂O formation. The CeO₂ catalyst inhibited N₂O formations from NOx-assisted soot catalytic combustion, while its inhibition effect was gradually weakened with the decrease of catalyst activities. The inhibitory effect of CeO₂ on N₂O was revealed in the reduction of CN formation rate in high temperatures. Fresh CeO₂ catalyst increased the dominance in the CN formation reaction, reduced the CN production rate, and contributed to the decrease in the reaction rate of CNO oxidation by NO and NO₂. The increase in the ratio of NOx to soot (β) was more sensitive to N₂O formation than the ratio α (NO₂ to NOx) and γ (O₂ to NO_x), led to a stronger inhibition of N₂O formation.

基于 CeO2 的催化微通道反应器固定床实验研究了在 NOx 辅助异相催化燃烧烟尘过程中，新鲜催化剂和水热老化催化剂在 NOx 辅助催化燃烧过程中 N2O 的形成。基于原位傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）诊断和命运函数理论（DFT）计算，建立了进化的氮氧化物辅助烟尘催化燃烧反应机理，以研究 N2O 的形成和关键反应途径。研究发现，N2O 的形成温度范围与烟尘催化燃烧的起始温度相同，而 CeO2 催化剂的显著催化活性导致 N2O 的形成温度范围减小。CeO2 催化剂可抑制 NOx 辅助烟尘催化燃烧中 N2O 的生成，但其抑制作用随催化剂活性的降低而逐渐减弱。CeO2 对 N2O 的抑制作用体现在高温下 CN 生成率的降低上。新的 CeO2 催化剂增加了 CN 生成反应的主导性，降低了 CN 的生成速率，并有助于降低 CNO 被 NO 和 NO2 氧化的反应速率。与α（NO2 与 NOx 的比率）和γ（O2 与 NOx 的比率）相比，NOx 与烟尘比率（β）的增加对 N2O 的形成更为敏感，从而导致对 N2O 形成的抑制作用更强。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine using tyre pyrolysis oil and biodiesel blends by nano additives: An experimental study 通过纳米添加剂评估使用轮胎热解油和生物柴油混合物的 CI 发动机的性能和排放特性：实验研究

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101825

Ajeet Kumar Prajapati , Shalu Yadav , Amit Kumar Gomey , Abhay Kumar Choubey , Rakesh Kumar

In the current study, the diesel engine performance, emission, and combustion have been investigated using tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) and biodiesel blended with nano-additives. The effect of the blending ratio on fuel combustion and emission was evaluated. The tyre pyrolysis oil was derived from scrap tyres through the pyrolysis process and biodiesel was synthesized from used cooking oil (UCO) through the transesterification process. Moringa oleifera-derived strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticles were mixed into the fuel to provide extra oxygen for better combustion. Three blended fuels were formulated as: a) 5 % biodiesel and 95 % TPO containing 50 ppm SrO nanoparticles (B5TPO95SrO50), b) 10 % biodiesel and 90 % TPO containing 100 ppm SrO nanoparticles (B10TPO90SrO100), c) 50 % TPO and 50 % biodiesel without nano-additives (B50TPO50). Among the blended fuels, B10TPO90SrO100 showed the best brake thermal efficiency at 31.4 % and a brake-specific fuel consumption of 0.21 kg/kWh at full load. The B5TPO95SrO50 blended fuel showed reduced emission parameters such as unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) by 2.05 %, 8.30 %, and 18.00 %, respectively, as compared to the conventional diesel engine at an optimum engine load (27.9 Nm). Hence, waste tyre oil and UCO biodiesel blended with biogenic SrO nano additive can be considered a promising fuel for a sustainable environment.

在当前的研究中，使用轮胎热解油（TPO）和掺有纳米添加剂的生物柴油对柴油发动机的性能、排放和燃烧进行了研究。研究还评估了混合比例对燃料燃烧和排放的影响。轮胎热解油是通过热解工艺从废轮胎中提取的，而生物柴油则是通过酯交换工艺从废食用油中合成的。燃料中混入了从油杉中提取的纳米氧化锶（SrO）颗粒，以提供额外的氧气，从而改善燃烧。配制了三种混合燃料：a) 5 % 生物柴油和 95 % 热塑性烯烃，其中含有 50 ppm 的纳米氧化锶（B5TPO95SrO50）；b) 10 % 生物柴油和 90 % 热塑性烯烃，其中含有 100 ppm 的纳米氧化锶（B10TPO90SrO100）；c) 50 % 热塑性烯烃和 50 % 生物柴油，其中不含纳米添加剂（B50TPO50）。在混合燃料中，B10TPO90SrO100 的制动热效率最高，为 31.4%，满负荷时的制动油耗为 0.21 kg/kWh。与传统柴油发动机相比，B5TPO95SrO50 混合燃料在最佳发动机负荷（27.9 牛米）下的未燃碳氢化合物（HC）、一氧化碳（CO）和氮氧化物（NOx）等排放参数分别降低了 2.05 %、8.30 % 和 18.00 %。因此，废轮胎油和 UCO 生物柴油与生物源氧化锶纳米添加剂混合后，可被视为一种有前途的可持续环境燃料。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Azolla filiculoides into hydrocarbon rich bio-oil over a nickel catalyst in supercritical ethanol 镍催化剂在超临界乙醇中催化丝兰水热液化成富含碳氢化合物的生物油

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101826

Yaoting Lin, Wei Zhou

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is one of the most promising thermochemical techniques for converting wet biomass into crude oil-like products (bio-oil). In this study, Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Azolla filiculoides (AZ) was performed over a various loading of nickel (Ni) on magnesium oxide (MgO) catalyst for the higher and quality bio-oil production. The key operating parameters such as temperature, reaction holding time, amount of Ni on MgO supports catalyst, and reaction solvents were investigated in the presence of a hydrogen environment. There was a 12.8 wt% increase in bio-oil yield and a 6.3 wt% decrease in biochar yield with addition of 15 wt% Ni catalysts compared to the non-catalytic reaction bio-oil yield (44.0 wt%). Results confirmed the highest total bio-oil yield of 56.8 wt% was attained at 280 °C with the catalyst amount of 15 wt% at a residence time of 45 min. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), FT-IR, CHNS, TGA, and NMR analyses were performed on the bio-oil, identifying 32.8 % long-chain hydrocarbons (C₁₂-C₁₆) along with small amounts of alcohols, alkanes, and esters. The boiling point distribution revealed that bio-oil produced using the Ni/MgO catalyst contained a significantly higher proportion of diesel-range hydrocarbons (42.4 %). Furthermore, the bio-oil yield under ethanol solvent and Ni catalysts showed higher heating value (HHV) 42.2 MJ/kg. Overall in the presence of Ni hydrogenation efficient catalysts on MgO in the liquefaction reaction promoted the deoxygenation and hydrogenation reaction.

水热液化（HTL）是将湿生物质转化为类原油产品（生物油）的最有前途的热化学技术之一。在这项研究中，为了生产出更高质量的生物油，在氧化镁（MgO）催化剂上添加了不同含量的镍（Ni），对丝兰（AZ）进行了催化水热液化。在氢气环境下，对温度、反应保持时间、氧化镁载体催化剂上的镍含量和反应溶剂等关键操作参数进行了研究。与非催化反应生物油产量（44.0 wt%）相比，添加 15 wt% Ni 催化剂后，生物油产量增加了 12.8 wt%，生物炭产量减少了 6.3 wt%。结果证实，在 280 °C 温度下，催化剂用量为 15 wt%，停留时间为 45 分钟时，生物油总产量最高，达到 56.8 wt%。对生物油进行了气相色谱-质谱联用仪 (GC-MS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR)、碳氢化合物分析仪 (CHNS)、热重分析仪 (TGA) 和核磁共振分析，确定了 32.8% 的长链碳氢化合物（C12-C16）以及少量的醇、烷和酯。沸点分布显示，使用 Ni/MgO 催化剂生产的生物油中柴油级碳氢化合物的比例明显更高（42.4%）。此外，在乙醇溶剂和镍催化剂作用下产生的生物油显示出更高的热值（HHV）42.2 MJ/kg。总之，在液化反应中，氧化镁上的镍加氢高效催化剂促进了脱氧和加氢反应。

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引用次数: 0

Fast co-pyrolysis characteristics of polyethylene terephthalate and epoxy resin from waste wind turbine blades 废弃风力涡轮机叶片中的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和环氧树脂的快速共热解特性

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101841

Yong Yao , Yang Cao , Mumin Rao , Rui Shan , Jun Zhang

The present study systematically investigated the fast co-pyrolysis characteristics of epoxy resin and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) derived from waste wind turbine blades, with the aim of uncovering the possible synergistic effect in co-pyrolysis. The co-pyrolysis of epoxy resin and PET was beneficial to the formation of pyrolytic char, while the generation of small molecule gaseous products was restrained to a certain degree. The kinetic results revealed that the presence of epoxy resin dramatically reduced the energy barrier for PET decomposition into terephthalic acid (TPA) and vinyl benzoate via a cyclic transition state, finally resulting in an obvious reduction in the activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction. Remarkably, the activation energy for co-pyrolysis sharply decreased to around 150 kJ/mol at a low conversion rate. The co-pyrolysis presented a significant impact on the further transformation of primary pyrolysis products via decarboxylation, deoxygenation, decarbonylation, isomerization, and so on, thus contributing to the selective production of specified chemicals. Furthermore, the plausible reaction pathways and synergistic mechanisms between co-pyrolysis of epoxy resin and PET were discussed thoroughly.

本研究系统研究了从废弃风力涡轮机叶片中提取的环氧树脂和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）的快速共热解特性，旨在揭示共热解过程中可能存在的协同效应。环氧树脂和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共热解有利于热解炭的形成，而小分子气态产物的生成则受到一定程度的抑制。动力学结果表明，环氧树脂的存在大大降低了 PET 通过循环过渡态分解成对苯二甲酸（TPA）和苯甲酸乙烯酯的能障，最终导致热解反应的活化能明显降低。值得注意的是，在低转化率条件下，共热解的活化能急剧下降至 150 kJ/mol 左右。共热解对初级热解产物通过脱羧、脱氧、脱羰基、异构化等进一步转化产生了重大影响，从而有助于选择性地生产特定化学品。此外，还深入讨论了环氧树脂和 PET 共同热解的合理反应途径和协同机制。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental evaluation of municipal solid waste air-gasification in a pilot-scale reciprocating moving-grate furnace 中试规模往复式移动炉排炉中城市固体废物空气气化的实验评估

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101833

Ao Bian , Ye Tian , Chao Zhang , Xiong Zhou , Wensheng Ma , Lian Hu , Liang Yuan

The increasing volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) worldwide presents significant environmental challenges, necessitating the development of efficient waste-to-energy (WtE) solutions. Among various thermochemical methods, gasification offers a promising approach for converting MSW into syngas, which can be utilized for energy generation. This study investigates the gasification characteristics of MSW in a pilot-scale reciprocating moving-grate furnace, focusing on the effect of key operating parameters such as equivalence ratio (ER), gasification temperature, and gasifying agent-staged ratio on gasification characteristics.

Seven experimental schemes were tested with varying lower heating values (LHV) of MSW (ranging from 6.98 to 15.1 MJ/kg) and throughputs (ranging from 0.77 to 1.67 tons per day) to assess the adaptability and stability of the moving-grate system under different conditions. The results indicate that an ER between 0.6 and 0.7, a gasification temperature of 760 °C, and a gasifying agent-staged ratio of 7:3 are optimal for achieving a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 71.6 %. It was observed that the LHV of syngas decreases when the gasification temperature exceeds 850 °C due to increased oxidation of light hydrocarbons. Moreover, the study highlights the influence of grate moving speed on residence time and reaction completeness, which are critical for optimizing syngas yield and quality.

The findings demonstrate that while the maximum energy conversion efficiency of the moving-grate system is lower than other reactor types, its lower capital and operating costs, due to the lack of dedicated feedstock pretreatment, make it a viable option for small-scale and pilot-scale applications. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing MSW gasification processes and underscores the potential of the moving-grate furnace for adaptable and cost-effective WtE applications. The novelty of this work lies in the comprehensive evaluation of the moving-grate gasification process under varied operating conditions, providing a foundation for future research on improving efficiency and reducing environmental impact in large-scale MSW management.

全球城市固体废物（MSW）数量的不断增加带来了巨大的环境挑战，因此有必要开发高效的废物变能源（WtE）解决方案。在各种热化学方法中，气化是将城市固体废物转化为合成气的一种有前途的方法，合成气可用于能源生产。本研究调查了 MSW 在中试规模往复式移动格栅炉中的气化特性，重点研究了等效比 (ER)、气化温度和气化剂阶段比等关键操作参数对气化特性的影响。在不同的 MSW 较低热值 (LHV) （从 6.98 到 15.1 MJ/kg）和吞吐量（从每天 0.77 到 1.67 吨）条件下测试了七种实验方案，以评估移动格栅系统在不同条件下的适应性和稳定性。结果表明，ER 值介于 0.6 和 0.7 之间、气化温度为 760 °C、气化剂分级比例为 7:3 是实现 71.6 % 最大能量转换效率的最佳条件。研究发现，当气化温度超过 850 ℃ 时，由于轻烃的氧化作用增加，合成气的 LHV 会降低。研究结果表明，虽然移动炉排系统的最大能量转换效率低于其他类型的反应器，但由于不需要专门的原料预处理，其资本和运营成本较低，因此是小规模和中试规模应用的可行选择。这项研究为优化 MSW 气化工艺提供了宝贵的见解，并强调了移动炉排炉在适应性强、成本效益高的 WtE 应用方面的潜力。这项工作的新颖之处在于在不同操作条件下对移动炉排气化过程进行了全面评估，为今后在大规模 MSW 管理中提高效率和减少环境影响的研究奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0