Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献_第4页

Synergistic mechanism and radicals interaction of the Co-SCWG of cellulose and polystyrene based on ReaxFF-MD and DFT 基于ReaxFF-MD和DFT的纤维素-聚苯乙烯共絮凝增效机理及自由基相互作用

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102441

Da Cui , Xinpei Zhou , Shuang Wu , Hon Man Luk , Qiuyun Lu , Jingru Bai , Bin Liu , Xiangming Xu , Shuo Pan , Qing Wang , Xuehua Zhang

Co-supercritical water gasification (co-SCWG) of biomass and waste plastics addresses waste management and energy production simultaneously. Using cellulose and polystyrene as model feeds, we couple ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) with density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate co-SCWG mechanisms and synergistic effect from 2000 to 4400 K. Products are classified by carbon number and type into 4 different fractions, including heavy oil fraction (C₁₄-C₄₀), light oil fraction (C₅-C₁₃), small-molecule gases (C₁-C₄), and inorganic gases (H₂, CO, CO₂). In the individual SCWG of cellulose, no heavy oil fraction is produced, and the light oil fraction disappears near 2800 K while production of inorganic gases increase. Individual SCWG of polystyrene shows occurrence of aromatic ring opening above 3200 K. In co-SCWG, the heavy oil fraction disappears by 2800 K and is reduced only 1.1 wt% at 2000 K compared with 4.5 wt% for polystyrene, indicating faster decomposition and pronounced synergistic effects. Product-tracking shows that cellulose acts as an oxygen donor, whereas polystyrene serves as a hydrogen source and releases •H, together boosting H₂ production and overall syngas yield. Synergy quantified by deviations between simulated and theoretical yields can be divided into three regimes: at 2000–2400 K, light hydrocarbons exhibit negative synergy and inorganic gases demonstrate slightly positive synergy; at 2600–3400 K both groups are predominantly negative; at 3600–4400 K H₂ and CO become increasingly positive, hydrocarbon synergy peaks around 3800–4000 K and then declines, and CO₂ remains negative overall. An optimal temperature of 3600 K is identified. DFT calculated energy barriers confirm the rate-determining step under co-SCWG are less energy demanding, with the H2 formation pathway being the most favorable, while the CO2 route is suppressed by hydrogen-radical reduction. These results define key channels and rate-limiting steps at the molecular scale and provide quantitative guidance for maximizing hydrogen production while reducing carbon emissions.

生物质和废塑料的共超临界水气化（co-SCWG）同时解决了废物管理和能源生产问题。以纤维素和聚苯乙烯为模型原料，结合ReaxFF分子动力学（MD）和密度泛函理论（DFT），研究了2000 ~ 4400 K范围内ReaxFF的协同增效机理和协同增效效应。产品按碳数和类型分为4个不同的馏分，包括重油馏分（C14-C40）、轻油馏分（C5-C13）、小分子气体（C1-C4）和无机气体（H2、CO、CO2）。纤维素的单组分SCWG在2800 K附近不产生重油馏分，轻油馏分消失，无机气体产量增加。聚苯乙烯单体SCWG在3200k以上出现芳香环开环现象。在co-SCWG中，重油馏分在2800 K时消失，在2000 K时仅减少1.1 wt%，而聚苯乙烯则减少4.5 wt%，表明分解速度更快，协同效应明显。产品跟踪显示，纤维素作为氧气供体，而聚苯乙烯作为氢源，释放氢，共同提高H2产量和合成气产量。通过模拟产率与理论产率之间的偏差量化的协同作用可分为三个阶段：在2000-2400 K，轻烃表现为负协同作用，无机气体表现为轻微的正协同作用；在2600-3400 K，这两组都主要是负的；在3600 ~ 4400 K时，H2和CO逐渐趋于正值，在3800 ~ 4000 K时，烃类协同作用达到峰值，然后逐渐下降，CO2总体保持负值。确定了最佳温度为3600 K。DFT计算的能量势垒证实，在co-SCWG下，速率决定步骤的能量需求较少，H2形成途径是最有利的，而CO2途径受到氢自由基还原的抑制。这些结果确定了分子尺度上的关键通道和限速步骤，并为在减少碳排放的同时最大化产氢提供了定量指导。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic enhancement by tuning acidity and dehydrogenation functions: Application of Ga/HZSM-5 in BTX production from co-pyrolysis of PET and polyolefins 调节酸度和脱氢功能的协同增强：Ga/HZSM-5在PET和聚烯烃共热解制BTX中的应用

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102443

Dabin Guo , Zhenhong Cai , Yongkang Ye , Akash Kumar , Hongwei Rong , Baihui Cui , Mian Hu

The catalytic co-pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PP/HDPE) presents a promising route for producing benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX), yet achieving high selectivity remains challenging due to inefficient deoxygenation and limited aromatization. In this study, a Ga-modified HZSM-5 catalyst is reported, which synergistically enhances both acidity and dehydrogenation functions to increase BTX production. A series of Ga/HZSM-5 catalysts with varying Ga loadings (1–23 wt%) were synthesized and systematically characterized. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed a strong synergistic interaction in PET/PP blends, where PP-derived radicals facilitate PET deoxygenation and suppress coking. Under optimized conditions (PET:PP = 1:1, pyrolysis/catalysis temperature = 600^oC, residence time = 1.70 s), the 11 wt% Ga/HZSM-5 catalyst achieved a remarkable BTX yield of 76.94 wt%, significantly outperforming unmodified HZSM-5. The introduction of Ga species modulated the acid strength, suppressed over-cracking, and enhanced dehydrogenation activity, thereby promoting the alkylation of benzene with light olefins to form toluene and xylene. Additionally, the catalyst exhibited excellent regenerability and stability over multiple reaction cycles. This work elucidates the dual synergy mechanism, encompassing both feedstock synergy in co-pyrolysis and catalytic synergy over Ga/HZSM-5, thereby offering a strategic framework for designing efficient bifunctional catalysts to valorize mixed plastic wastes.

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）和聚烯烃（PP/HDPE）的催化共热解为苯、甲苯和二甲苯（BTX）的生产提供了一条很有前途的途径，但由于脱氧效率低和芳构化程度有限，实现高选择性仍然是一个挑战。本研究报道了一种ga修饰的HZSM-5催化剂，它可以协同增强酸性和脱氢功能，从而提高BTX的产量。合成了一系列不同Ga负载（1 ~ 23wt %）的Ga/HZSM-5催化剂，并对其进行了系统表征。热重分析表明，PET/PP共混物具有很强的协同作用，其中PP衍生的自由基促进PET脱氧并抑制焦化。在优化条件下（PET:PP = 1:1，热解/催化温度= 600℃，停留时间= 1.70 s）， 11 wt% Ga/HZSM-5催化剂的BTX产率达到76.94 wt%，明显优于未改性的HZSM-5。Ga物质的引入调节了苯的酸强度，抑制了过裂化，提高了脱氢活性，从而促进了苯与轻烯烃的烷基化反应生成甲苯和二甲苯。此外，该催化剂在多个反应循环中表现出良好的可再生性和稳定性。这项工作阐明了双重协同机制，包括Ga/HZSM-5共热解中的原料协同作用和催化协同作用，从而为设计高效的双功能催化剂来实现混合塑料废物的增值提供了战略框架。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of CeO2-doped Ni/NC catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol ceo2掺杂Ni/NC愈创木酚加氢脱氧催化剂的合成

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102450

Chenglong Wen , Yongpeng Yang , Weihong Zhang , Jundong Xu , Jian Li , Mohong Lu , Xiaosong Lu

Cyclohexanol is extensively utilized in the production of nylon, solvents, plasticizers, and pharmaceuticals. The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of renewable biomass to synthesize cyclohexanol (CAL) offers a highly promising and sustainable route. In this work, a series of CeO₂-doped Ni/NC catalysts (Ni/CeO₂-NC) were prepared via a co-impregnation method to catalyze guaiacol HDO to CAL. The Ni/CeO₂-NC catalysts possess abundant oxygen vacancies and a reduced Ni particle size in comparison to Ni/NC, which is attributed to the incorporation of Ce. These structural advantages thereby facilitate the adsorption and removal of oxygen-containing functional groups during reaction. Among these catalysts, Ni/CeO₂-NC with 20 wt% CeO₂ (Ni/20CeO₂-NC) presents the highest CAL yield of 95.5 % in guaiacol HDO at 240 °C, 2 MPa, 1 h⁻¹, and an H₂ flow rate of 80 mL/min. Furthermore, Ni/20CeO₂-NC exhibits the excellent catalytic stability of guaiacol HDO.

环己醇广泛用于生产尼龙、溶剂、增塑剂和药品。可再生生物质加氢脱氧（HDO）合成环己醇（CAL）是一条极具发展前景的可持续途径。本文通过共浸染法制备了一系列掺杂ceo2的Ni/NC催化剂（Ni/CeO2-NC），用于催化愈创木酚HDO生成CAL。与Ni/NC相比，Ni/CeO2-NC催化剂具有丰富的氧空位，并且Ni颗粒尺寸减小，这归因于Ce的掺入。因此，这些结构优势有利于在反应过程中吸附和去除含氧官能团。在愈创木酚HDO中，在240℃、2 MPa、1 h−1、H2流速为80 mL/min的条件下，含20 wt% CeO2的Ni/CeO2- nc （Ni/20CeO2-NC）的CAL产率最高，达到95.5%。此外，Ni/20CeO2-NC对愈创木酚HDO具有优异的催化稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical analysis of laminar burning velocity for gasoline, ammonia, and hydrogen blends 汽油、氨和氢混合燃料层流燃烧速度的实验和数值分析

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102442

Aneesha Nair , Shawnam S , Paramvir Singh , Vikas Sharma , Angad Panesar , Sudarshan Kumar

The blending of gasoline with ammonia is increasingly recognized for its potential to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The integration of gasoline and ammonia, along with the addition of hydrogen, presents as a viable approach for advancing sustainable fuel technologies. Experiments for laminar burning velocity (LBV) at atmospheric pressure were performed for a fuel blend involving gasoline, ammonia and hydrogen for 5 % energy fraction of ammonia (ENH₃ = 0.05) on an externally heated diverging channel setup re-modified to include combined fuel mixtures of gaseous and liquid fuels and was performed for a temperature range from 350 K up to 600 K and for equivalence ratios 0.8–1.2. A mechanism consisting of hydrocarbon-ammonia interaction reactions for each surrogate component, was merged using a newly developed code, TIRAMISU, by Timothée Fages [31]. The reliability of merged mechanisms against laminar burning velocity experimental data taken from literature at atmospheric pressure for pure fuel at various inlet temperatures such as 358 K, 373 K, and existing literature data on TRF/NH₃/air mixtures at 400 K between equivalence ratios 0.7 to 1.4 were tested. The numerical results aligned well with experimental data and satisfactory results were obtained from both the analysis with less than 10 % error. The chosen blend of gasoline–ammonia–hydrogen blends revealed a marginal decrease of about ±10 cm/s across the study temperature range, with reduced gasoline (∼34 % mole fraction) and higher ammonia concentration (∼46 % mole fraction). This indicates that the blend achieves comparable combustion performance to pure gasoline. Most significant reactions responsible for affecting LBV value and for existing discrepancies were identified conducting sensitivity analysis.

汽油与氨气的混合因其提高燃油效率和减少排放的潜力而日益得到认可。汽油和氨的整合，以及氢气的加入，是推进可持续燃料技术的可行方法。在一个外部加热的分流通道装置上进行了常压下的层流燃烧速度（LBV）实验，其中包括汽油、氨和氢，氨的能量分数为5% (ENH3 = 0.05)，该装置经过改装，包括气体和液体燃料的组合燃料混合物，温度范围为350 K至600 K，当量比为0.8-1.2。由每个替代成分的碳氢化合物-氨相互作用反应组成的机制，由timoth Fages[31]使用新开发的代码TIRAMISU合并。本文测试了合并机制在层流燃烧速度下的可靠性，这些层流燃烧速度实验数据来自不同入口温度（358 K、373 K）下的纯燃料常压下的实验数据，以及在等效比0.7到1.4之间的400 K下TRF/NH3/空气混合物的现有文献数据。数值计算结果与实验结果吻合较好，两者的分析结果令人满意，误差小于10%。所选择的汽油-氨-氢混合物在研究温度范围内显示出约±10 cm/s的边际下降，汽油减少（~ 34%摩尔分数）和氨浓度增加（~ 46%摩尔分数）。这表明混合汽油的燃烧性能与纯汽油相当。通过敏感性分析确定了影响LBV值和存在差异的最重要的反应。

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引用次数: 0

TG-FTIR-MS and Py-GC/MS analysis on co-pyrolysis characteristics of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge 城市生活垃圾与污泥共热解特性的TG-FTIR-MS和Py-GC/MS分析

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102448

Meijun Fan , Nan Xing , Jinwei Zhu , Xuanhao Zhang , Yongqiang Chen , Guan Wang , Xuebin Wang , Zhicheng Pan , Tedla Medhane Embaye

Co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge (SS) represents a promising strategy for simultaneous waste reduction and energy recovery in pyrolysis-based power systems. This study investigated the pyrolytic behavior, synergistic mechanisms, and product evolution of MSW, SS, and their blends (SS10 %, SS20 %, and SS35 %) using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) at a heating rate of 20 °C·min⁻¹. Thermogravimetric results revealed a clear positive synergistic effect during co-pyrolysis that intensified as SS content increased, and the 35 % SS blend exhibited the strongest enhancement in thermal decomposition. MSW showed higher mass loss due to its lower ash content and higher volatility, while SS decomposed slightly earlier. Blending effectively intensified interactions during the second and third decomposition stages. TG-FTIR-MS analysis demonstrated that co-pyrolysis effectively suppressed the evolution of nitrogen and sulfur containing pollutants, including SO₂, HCNO, Pyrrole, Pyridine, and CO₂. Py-GC/MS analysis of condensable vapors indicated that synergistic interactions enhanced the yield of aliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols while substantially reducing aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen compounds. These effects are attributed to hydrogen donation from SS and the catalytic action of sludge minerals, which stabilize MSW-derived radicals and shift product selectivity toward aliphatic hydrocarbons. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating SS treatment into MSW waste to energy systems to improve resource recovery efficiency. Although the SS35 % blend showed the most favorable performance within the investigated range, further studies at higher SS ratios, along with detailed bio-char and bio-oil characterization and upgrading, is necessary to support higher value energy applications.

城市固体废物（MSW）和污水污泥（SS）的共热解是基于热解的电力系统中同时减少废物和能量回收的一种有前途的策略。本研究采用热重分析、傅里叶变换红外质谱分析（TG-FTIR-MS）和热解气相色谱质谱分析（y- gc /MS），在升温速率为20℃·min - 1的条件下，研究了MSW、SS及其混合物（ss10%、ss20%和ss35%）的热解行为、协同作用机制和产物演化。热重分析结果表明，共热解过程中存在明显的正协同效应，且随SS含量的增加而增强，其中35% SS共混物对热分解的增强作用最强。MSW灰分较低，挥发性较高，质量损失较大，而SS分解时间稍早。混合有效地增强了第二和第三分解阶段的相互作用。TG-FTIR-MS分析表明，共热解有效抑制了含氮和含硫污染物SO2、HCNO、吡咯、吡啶和CO2的演化。可冷凝蒸气的Py-GC/MS分析表明，协同作用提高了脂肪烃和醇的收率，同时大幅减少了芳香烃和氮化合物。这些影响归因于SS的氢气捐赠和污泥矿物的催化作用，它们稳定了msw衍生的自由基，并将产物选择性转向脂肪烃。总体而言，研究结果表明将SS处理纳入城市生活垃圾能源系统以提高资源回收效率的可行性。虽然ss35%的混合物在研究范围内表现出最有利的性能，但为了支持更高价值的能源应用，有必要进一步研究更高SS比例的混合物，以及详细的生物炭和生物油表征和升级。

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引用次数: 0

Study on laminar combustion characteristics of NH3/DME blended fuel under different oxygen enrichment coefficients 不同富氧系数下氨/二甲醚混合燃料层流燃烧特性研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102446

Shuman Guo , Chunjian Zhou , Dong Liu , Jiaqi Wang , Chen Hong , Lijun Wang , Haichao Liu , Yuguo Gao , Nannan Zhang , Zhenzhong Yang

Ammonia (NH₃) serves as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines with advantages of high energy density and zero carbon emission, yet it suffers from low combustion reactivity. Blending it with dimethyl ether (DME)—a fuel with high reactivity—can effectively mitigate the defects of difficult ignition and slow combustion rate. During the combustion of NH₃/DME blended fuel, increasing oxygen concentration improves the combustion performance of the mixture through multiple pathways and significantly enhances its laminar burning velocity (LBV). In this study, constant volume combustion bomb experiments combined with simulation methods were employed to investigate the effects of oxygen enrichment coefficient (

Ω

= 0.21–0.35) and DME blending ratio (

X_{DME}

= 0–0.8) on the laminar combustion characteristics of NH₃/DME mixtures, under the conditions of 298 K and 0.2 MPa. The results indicate that, the LBV, adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) of the mixture, and the concentrations of O and OH radicals in chain reactions increase with the rise of

Ω

and

X_{DME}

. At

Ω

= 0.35, as

X_{DME}

increases from 0 to 0.8, the LBV increases from 29.31 cm/s to 88.22 cm/s, representing an increase of 2.01 times. The chemical reaction sensitivity coefficient decreases with the increases in

Ω

and

X_{DME}

, and the elementary reaction exerting the most significant impact on laminar burning velocity is identified as H + O₂ = O + OH. Specifically, at

X_{DME}

= 0.6, the chemical reaction sensitivity coefficient drops from 1.0 at

Ω

= 0.21 to 0.83 at

Ω

= 0.35. During the combustion of NH₃/DME, NO is the main emitted nitrogen oxide, and its formation rate shows a significant upward trend with the increase of

Ω

and

X_{DME}

.

氨（NH3）作为内燃机的替代燃料，具有能量密度高、零碳排放的优点，但其燃烧反应性较低。与二甲醚（DME）混合可有效改善其燃点难、燃烧慢的缺点。在NH3/二甲醚混合燃料燃烧过程中，增加氧浓度可通过多种途径改善混合气的燃烧性能，并显著提高其层流燃烧速度（LBV）。本研究采用定容燃烧弹实验结合模拟方法，研究了氧富集系数（Ω = 0.21-0.35）和二甲醚掺量（XDME = 0-0.8）对NH3/二甲醚混合物在298 K和0.2 MPa条件下层流燃烧特性的影响。结果表明，随着Ω和XDME的增加，混合物的LBV、绝热火焰温度（AFT）以及链式反应中O和OH自由基的浓度均增加。在Ω = 0.35时，随着XDME从0增加到0.8，LBV从29.31 cm/s增加到88.22 cm/s，增加了2.01倍。化学反应敏感性系数随Ω和XDME的增加而减小，确定对层流燃烧速度影响最大的基本反应为H + O2 = O + OH。具体来说，当XDME = 0.6时，化学反应敏感系数从Ω = 0.21时的1.0下降到Ω = 0.35时的0.83。NH3/DME燃烧过程中，NO是主要排放的氮氧化物，其生成速率随着Ω和XDME的增加呈显著上升趋势。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable hydrogen production via subcritical and supercritical water gasification of food waste: An optimization and reaction pathway study 食物垃圾亚临界和超临界水气化可持续制氢：优化和反应途径研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102427

Reza Mirzaei, Omid Tavakoli

Hydrogen is recognized as a sustainable source of fuel. In this work, hydrogen production from food waste was explored using subcritical and supercritical water gasification. A representative food waste mixture (rice, orange peel, chicken meat, and lettuce) was gasified in a batch reactor. The influence of temperature (350–400 °C), biomass concentration (5–15 wt%), and reaction time (30–60 min) on hydrogen generation was examined. To evaluate the process and determine the conditions that maximize hydrogen generation, a response surface methodology was employed. Key operating parameters' independent and combined effects on total gas yield and hydrogen mole fraction in final gases were determined. Under optimal conditions at 400 °C, 5 wt% feedstock, and 60 min, the maximum total gas yield (8.3 mmol/g), hydrogen yield (2.44 mmol/g), H₂ mole fraction (29.5 %), and hydrogen selectivity (41.84 %) were obtained. Temperature exhibited the strongest influence, while feed concentration and residence time had comparatively lesser effects. The catalytic effect of Co₃O₄ and MnO₂ at different loadings was evaluated at optimal conditions. Co₃O₄ exhibited a superior performance, enhancing H₂ content, hydrogen yield, and hydrogen selectivity to 36.1 %, 3.36 mmol/g, and 56.49 %, respectively. Finally, a comprehensive study on the reaction mechanism of food waste was proposed to explain its conversion route into valuable products.

氢是公认的可持续燃料来源。在这项工作中，探索了利用亚临界和超临界水气化从食物垃圾中制氢。在间歇式反应器中气化了具有代表性的食物垃圾混合物（大米、橙皮、鸡肉和生菜）。考察了温度（350-400°C）、生物量浓度（5-15 wt%）和反应时间（30-60 min）对产氢的影响。为了评估过程并确定最大限度产氢的条件，采用了响应面法。确定了关键操作参数对总产气率和终气氢摩尔分数的独立和联合影响。在400℃、5 wt%的进料条件下，反应时间为60 min，总产气率为8.3 mmol/g，氢气收率为2.44 mmol/g， H2摩尔分数为29.5%，氢气选择性为41.84%。温度的影响最大，饲料浓度和停留时间的影响相对较小。在最佳条件下，考察了不同负载下Co3O4和MnO2的催化效果。Co3O4表现出优异的性能，H2含量、氢气收率和氢气选择性分别提高36.1%、3.36 mmol/g和56.49%。最后，对食物垃圾的反应机理进行了综合研究，阐明了食物垃圾转化为有价值产品的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic insights into black liquor-biomass Co-pyrolysis for syngas optimization 黑液-生物质共热解合成气优化机理研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102428

Bolun Hao , Tengteng Shao , Jichang Liu , Jie Li , Baosheng Ge , GuoZhang Chang , Yao Gao , Zhongdong Zhao , Xinyu Wen

Black liquor, a highly alkaline byproduct of the kraft pulping process, represents both an environmental burden and a potential catalytic carbon resource due to its richness in alkali and alkaline-earth metals (AAEMs). In this study, a two-stage co-pyrolysis strategy was proposed to elucidate the synergistic interactions between black liquor and pine sawdust. The pyrolysis of pure black liquor was first investigated (700–900 °C) to determine the optimal reaction condition, followed by co-pyrolysis at varying blending ratios (0–70 %) using a fixed-bed reactor. Systematic characterization of the products revealed strong synergistic effects between catalytic minerals in black liquor and hydrogen-rich volatiles from pine sawdust. Increasing temperature promoted macromolecular decomposition and secondary tar cracking, yielding the highest gas production and syngas quality at 800 °C. At this temperature, a 30 % black liquor ratio achieved a maximum gas yield of 68.41 (±1.49 %) and syngas content exceeding 67 % (H₂ + CO), while minimizing tar and char formation. Mechanistic analysis indicated that Na-, K-, and Ca-based species catalyzed deoxygenation, decarboxylation, and reforming reactions, while hydrogen-donating volatiles stabilized intermediates and suppressed polymerization. This study highlights a dual catalytic-hydrogen transfer synergy between pulping-derived black liquor and lignocellulosic biomass, providing an efficient route for enhanced gas yield and quality, as well as a sustainable strategy for the high-value utilization of papermaking residues in integrated biorefineries.

黑液是硫酸盐制浆过程中的一种高碱性副产物，由于其富含碱和碱土金属（aaem），因此既是环境负担，也是潜在的催化碳资源。本研究提出了一种两阶段共热解策略，以阐明黑液与松木屑之间的协同作用。首先对纯黑液（700 ~ 900℃）的热解进行了研究，确定了最佳反应条件，然后在固定床反应器上进行了不同掺混比（0 ~ 70%）的共热解。产物的系统表征表明，黑液中的催化矿物与松木屑中的富氢挥发物之间存在较强的协同作用。温度升高促进了大分子分解和二次焦油裂解，在800℃时产气量和合成气质量最高。在此温度下，黑液比为30%时，最大产气量为68.41（±1.49%），合成气含量超过67% (H2 + CO)，同时最大限度地减少了焦油和焦炭的形成。机理分析表明，Na基、K基和ca基物质催化脱氧、脱羧和重整反应，而供氢挥发物稳定中间体并抑制聚合。该研究强调了制浆黑液和木质纤维素生物质之间的双催化-氢转移协同作用，为提高气体产量和质量提供了有效途径，并为综合生物炼制厂的造纸残留物高价值利用提供了可持续的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of volatile-char interaction time on the evolution of reducing and nitrogen containing components during coal partial gasification 挥发分-炭相互作用时间对煤部分气化过程中还原性组分和含氮组分演化的影响

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102429

Zeru Gong , Yongsheng Guan , Fang Wu , Jiaxun Liu , Junfu Lyu

Decoupling combustion technology of pulverized coal is a promising technology for achieving ultra-low NO_x emissions. A key to its optimization lies in understanding the evolution of reducing gases and NO_x precursors during the initial coal preheating stage. This study systematically investigates the regulation mechanisms during partial gasification by employing two reactors representing different volatile-char interaction intensities: a Py-GC/MS system (weak and short-time interaction) and an entrained-flow reactor (strong and long-time interaction). The effects of preheating temperature, excess air coefficient (φ), interaction time, and particle size were examined. Results show that temperature and φ govern the combustion-gasification competition, thereby determining product distribution. Strong volatile-char interactions in the entrained-flow reactor significantly promote secondary cracking and reforming, increasing syngas yield and enhancing the conversion of fuel-nitrogen to benign N₂ via heterogeneous reduction on the char surface. Furthermore, an optimal interaction time of ∼3 s and particle size of ∼18 μm were identified for maximizing the yield of desirable products. This work clarifies the critical role of volatile-char interactions in nitrogen transformation and provides fundamental insights for optimizing decoupling combustion towards efficient ultra-low NO_x systems.

煤粉解耦燃烧技术是实现超低NOx排放的一种很有前途的技术。优化的关键在于了解煤的初始预热阶段还原性气体和NOx前体的演变。本研究系统地研究了部分气化过程中的调节机制，采用了代表不同挥发分-焦炭相互作用强度的两个反应器：Py-GC/MS系统（弱和短时间相互作用）和夹带流反应器（强和长时间相互作用）。考察了预热温度、过量空气系数（φ）、相互作用时间、颗粒尺寸等因素的影响。结果表明，温度和φ决定了燃烧-气化竞争，从而决定了产品分布。在夹带流反应器中，挥发物与焦炭的强相互作用显著促进了二次裂化和重整，提高了合成气产量，并通过在焦炭表面的非均相还原促进了燃料氮向良性N2的转化。此外，确定了最佳相互作用时间为~ 3 s，粒径为~ 18 μm，以最大限度地提高所需产品的收率。这项工作阐明了挥发物-焦炭相互作用在氮转化中的关键作用，并为优化解耦燃烧以实现高效超低NOx系统提供了基本见解。

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引用次数: 0

Ash fusion and migration characteristics of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge co-firing in power plants 电厂生活垃圾与污泥共烧的灰融合及迁移特性

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102430

Ao Zhou , Zhongfa Hu , Muhammad Bilal Ahmad , Zhaotianyi Zhang , Wei Yu , Yiming Zhu , Jingjie Li , Xuebin Wang , Houzhang Tan

With the municipal sludge production increasing annually, co-disposal of municipal sewage sludge (SS) has become the choice of more and more power plants. In this paper, municipal solid waste (MSW), sewage sludge as well as fly ash and slag were sampled from a power plant that actually co-disposed municipal sludge. The ash fusion characteristics and compositions of MSW and SS at different mixing ratios were investigated and analyzed. The simulation of mineral evolution under different sludge mixing ratios was also carried out using Factsage software. The experimental results showed that the ash melting temperature of MSW was lower than that of sludge. When SS was mixed at a low ratio (SS10 %), the ash melting temperature of the ash samples decreased significantly. When the mixing ratio gradually increased, the fly ash melting temperature gradually increased. XRD analysis results showed that when SS mixing ratio was small, the Fe content in the ash samples was low, and Fe mainly existed in the form of FeO, which led to the decline of the ash melting point of SS10 %. When the sludge mixing ratio was gradually increased to 20 %, the Fe content in the ash samples increased. The reaction of Fe with SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ generated high melting point Fe-containing minerals such as Ca₄FeO₃, CaFeO₄ and Ca₄Fe₉O₁₇, which led to an increase in the ash melting point of the ash samples. The Factsage results also showed that MSW ash samples in the three-phase diagram moved gradually from the Ca₂P₂SiO₁₂ region to the CaAl₂Si₂O₈ region and the mullite region with the increase of sludge mixing ratio, so the ash melting point was higher. Through the slag and fly ash analysis of the power plant, it is found that the fly ash and slag are both dominated by silica-aluminate such as calcium feldspar and mullite, where slag also contains a small amount of iron-containing minerals such as Ca₄Fe₉O₁₇. The Fe in the sludge is mainly residual in the slag. It indicates that the mixing of sludge in small proportions mainly affects the fly ash of the power plant, and does not have much effect on the slag of the power plant. The experimental results can contribute to the actual waste power plant in terms of reasonable sludge mixing, avoiding boiler slagging and improving boiler efficiency.

随着城市污泥产量的逐年增加，城市污泥共处置已成为越来越多电厂的选择。本文选取了一家实际共处理城市污泥的电厂的城市固体废物（MSW）、污水污泥以及飞灰和炉渣进行采样。研究并分析了不同配比下生活垃圾与SS的熔灰特性及组成。利用Factsage软件对不同污泥配比下的矿物演化进行了模拟。实验结果表明，城市生活垃圾的熔灰温度低于污泥的熔灰温度。当SS10 %的掺量较低时，灰样的熔融温度明显降低。随着掺混比的逐渐增大，粉煤灰的熔融温度逐渐升高。XRD分析结果表明，SS掺量较小时，灰分样品中Fe含量较低，且Fe主要以FeO的形式存在，导致SS10 %的灰分熔点下降。当污泥掺混比逐渐增加到20%时，灰分样品中的铁含量增加。Fe与SiO2和Al2O3反应产生高熔点的含铁矿物Ca4FeO3、CaFeO4和Ca4Fe9O17，导致灰分样品的熔点升高。Factsage结果还表明，随着污泥混合比的增加，三相图中的生活垃圾灰样逐渐从Ca2P2SiO12区向CaAl2Si2O8区和莫来石区移动，因此灰熔点较高。通过对电厂矿渣和粉煤灰的分析，发现粉煤灰和矿渣均以钙长石、莫来石等硅铝酸盐为主，矿渣中还含有少量的Ca4Fe9O17等含铁矿物。污泥中的铁主要残留在炉渣中。结果表明，小比例的污泥混合主要影响电厂的粉煤灰，对电厂的矿渣影响不大。试验结果可为实际的废电厂合理调配污泥，避免锅炉结渣，提高锅炉效率提供参考。

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引用次数: 0