Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献_第4页

Numerical investigation of combustion behaviors and NOx emissions in a 20 % ammonia co-firing tangential fired boiler: Synergistic effects of blending method and injection location 20%氨共烧切向燃烧锅炉燃烧行为和NOx排放的数值研究：混合方式和喷射位置的协同效应

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102406

Yawei Song , Qifu Lin , Sheng Su , Longwei Chen , Chengzhou Liu , Weiye Chen , Zhenyang Li , Yiman Jiang , Dianwu Wu , Hansheng Feng , Yangjiong Liu , Guangnan Luo , Jun Xiang

Ammonia injection location and ammonia-coal blending method significantly affect boiler combustion performance and pollutant emissions, yet their synergistic effects remain unclear. To investigate this synergistic effect, six cases of 20 % ammonia co-firing with coal were simulated in a 330 MW tangentially fired boiler, including pure coal and ammonia-coal co-injection through four-layer burners, as well as in-burner and in-boiler blending using burners at two different heights. The temperature distribution, coal burnout behaviors, and NO_x generation characteristics were obtained. The results showed that the ammonia injection location and fuel blending method jointly influence the high-temperature distribution in the main combustion zone. With upper ammonia injection, the in-burner blending shifts the high-temperature zone to the upper of main combustion zone and its downstream regions, whereas in-boiler blending confines it to the bottom. However, bottom injection exhibits the opposite trend. These higher-temperature areas corresponded to increased concentrations of H₂O and CO₂, enhancing thermal radiation and heat transfer. Ammonia injection through either the upper or bottom burner using the in-boiler blending method increased the peak coal burnout rate and narrowed the half-peak width in the main combustion zone. However, compared with upper injection, bottom ammonia injection shifted the burnout peak toward the reduction zone, likely due to lower temperatures from pure ammonia combustion that hinder coal ignition. Although the NO concentrations were comparable between the two fuel blending methods regardless of injection location, the NO formation and reduction rates varied with combination of injection position and blending method. Specifically, with bottom ammonia injection, in-boiler blending yielded a higher NO reduction rate by NH₃, while in-burner blending led to greater fuel-NO formation. For upper injection, however, the NO formation and reduction rates were similar between the two blending methods, likely due to comparable global equivalence ratios.

注氨位置和氨煤配煤方式对锅炉燃烧性能和污染物排放有显著影响，但其协同效应尚不清楚。为了研究这种协同效应，在330 MW切向燃烧锅炉上模拟了六种20%氨与煤共烧的情况，包括通过四层燃烧器进行纯煤和氨煤共喷，以及在两个不同高度使用燃烧器进行燃烧器内和锅炉内混合。得到了煤的温度分布、燃尽行为和NOx生成特征。结果表明，喷氨位置和燃料混合方式共同影响主燃烧区的高温分布。通过上部注氨，燃烧器内掺混将高温区域移至主燃烧区上部及其下游区域，而锅炉内掺混将高温区域限制在底部。然而，底部注入呈现相反的趋势。这些温度较高的区域对应于H2O和CO2浓度的增加，从而增强了热辐射和传热。采用炉内掺合方式，通过上、下燃烧器喷氨均可提高煤燃尽峰值速率，缩小主燃烧区半峰宽度。然而，与上喷相比，下喷氨使燃尽峰向还原区移动，这可能是由于纯氨燃烧的温度较低，阻碍了煤的着火。尽管在不同的喷射位置，两种燃料混合方式的NO浓度具有可比性，但在不同的喷射位置和混合方式下，NO的形成和还原速率不同。其中，底注氨时，锅炉内掺混NH3对NO的还原率更高，而燃烧器内掺混燃料NO的生成率更高。然而，对于上部注入，两种混合方法之间的NO形成和还原速率相似，可能是由于可比较的全局等效比。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effect of intrinsic heteroatoms and Ni–Co alloy in biomass-derived carbon catalysts for efficient formic acid dehydrogenation 本征杂原子与Ni-Co合金在生物质碳催化剂中对甲酸高效脱氢的协同作用

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102417

Xiucong Wang, Yuchun Zhang, Peng Fu, Haoran An, Zhiyu Li, Chunyan Tian

Formic acid dehydrogenation is a promising method for clean hydrogen production. However, its economic feasibility is largely limited by catalyst selectivity and cost. In this study, biomass-derived carbon supported Ni–Co alloy catalysts were synthesized via an in-situ pyrolysis strategy using soybean as a renewable carbon source. Various characterization results confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of Ni–Co alloy nanoparticles within the carbon matrix and revealed that the intimate contact between Ni and Co created abundant interfacial sites, where the incorporation of Co effectively modified the binding energy of Ni, promoted hydrogen release, and simultaneously suppressed CO formation, thereby accelerating the dehydrogenation reaction. In addition to alloy formation, the Ni/Co ratio also regulated the evolution of K species on the carbon surface, thereby influencing the generation of basic sites. These basic sites subsequently enhanced formic acid adsorption and facilitated its initial decomposition through strengthened interactions with formate intermediates. On this basis, the synergistic Ni–Co alloy structure further strengthened electronic interactions with intermediates and stabilized the active phase at high temperatures, thereby facilitating the dehydrogenation pathway. Benefiting from these combined effects, the optimized Ni₀.₂Co₀.₈–Soy catalyst delivered excellent activity with CO₂ selectivity up to 98 % and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.069 s⁻¹ at 523 K, while maintaining remarkable durability over ten consecutive cycles. This work highlights the dual contribution of endogenous heteroatoms and the cooperative functionality of the Ni–Co alloy, providing new insights into the design of efficient and sustainable non-noble metal systems for hydrogen production.

甲酸脱氢是一种很有前途的清洁制氢方法。然而，其经济可行性在很大程度上受到催化剂选择性和成本的限制。在本研究中，以大豆为可再生碳源，通过原位热解策略合成了生物质碳负载的Ni-Co合金催化剂。各种表征结果证实了Ni - Co合金纳米颗粒在碳基体内的均匀分散，揭示了Ni和Co之间的密切接触产生了丰富的界面位点，Co的加入有效地修饰了Ni的结合能，促进了氢的释放，同时抑制了Co的生成，从而加速了脱氢反应。除了合金的形成外，Ni/Co比值还调节了碳表面K种的演化，从而影响碱性位点的生成。这些碱基位点随后增强甲酸吸附，并通过加强与甲酸中间体的相互作用促进甲酸的初始分解。在此基础上，协同的Ni-Co合金结构进一步加强了与中间体的电子相互作用，并在高温下稳定了活性相，从而促进了脱氢途径。在这些综合作用下，优化后的Ni0.2Co0.8-Soy催化剂具有优异的活性，在523 K时，CO2选择性高达98%，周转频率（TOF）为0.069 s−1，并且在连续10次循环中保持良好的耐久性。这项工作强调了内源性杂原子和Ni-Co合金的协同功能的双重贡献，为设计高效和可持续的非贵金属制氢系统提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the influence of lubricating oil derived ash on the oxidation characteristics of diesel engine particulate matter 润滑油衍生灰分对柴油机颗粒物氧化特性影响的研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102412

Shuai Liu , Yanhui Liu , Ruina Li , Guangju Xu , Xinchang Zhu , Xiaona Yan

A small amount of lubricating oil additives are involved in combustion and undergo reactions during the operation of a diesel engine. The elements such as Mg, Ca, and Zn contained in them will oxidize to form metallic ash, thereby affecting the oxidation properties of particulate matter. To study the influence of metallic ash on the oxidation activity of particulate matter, lubricating oil additives with different blending ratios were used for tests and the generated particulate matter was collected. The physical and chemical properties of particulate matter were studied and analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and other instruments. Based on the molecular dynamics simulation method, the research and analysis further reveal the influence mechanism of ash content on the oxidation of particulate matter. Research shows that with the blending of lubricating oil additives, all lubricating oil additives have increased the oxidation activity of particulate matter, shortened the oxidation time and reduced the initial oxidation temperature. At the molecular level, there is an adsorption trend with electron transfer between metallic ash and particulate matter. The specific order of the oxidation effect on particulate matter is MoO₃ > CaSO₄ > MgSO₄≈Zn₃(PO₄)₂.

在柴油机运行过程中，有少量润滑油添加剂参与燃烧并发生反应。其中所含的Mg、Ca、Zn等元素会氧化形成金属灰，从而影响颗粒物的氧化性能。为了研究金属灰分对颗粒物氧化活性的影响，采用不同掺合比例的润滑油添加剂进行了试验，并收集了产生的颗粒物。采用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱等仪器对颗粒物质的物理化学性质进行了研究和分析。基于分子动力学模拟方法，研究分析进一步揭示了灰分含量对颗粒物氧化的影响机理。研究表明，随着润滑油添加剂的掺合，所有润滑油添加剂都提高了颗粒物的氧化活性，缩短了氧化时间，降低了初始氧化温度。在分子水平上，金属灰与颗粒之间存在电子转移的吸附趋势。对颗粒物的氧化作用的具体顺序为MoO3 >； CaSO4 > MgSO4≈Zn3(PO4)2。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of plastic type on the product distribution and Cr (VI) removal in the co-pyrolysis of plastics and chromium-containing slag 塑料与含铬渣共热解过程中，塑料类型对产物分布及Cr （VI）去除的影响

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102413

Hu Chen, Tilun Shan, Sicheng Liu, Ting Liu, Huawei Zhang

The continuous accumulation of waste plastics and chromium-containing slag (CCS) poses a significant threat to the ecological environment, making the development of efficient co-processing technologies extremely urgent. This study innovatively proposes a co-pyrolysis strategy for plastics and CCS to achieve simultaneous resource recovery and detoxification. CCS, rich in metal oxides such as MgO, Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃, serves as an efficient catalyst for plastic pyrolysis. Experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of CCS significantly enhances plastic pyrolysis efficiency: the gas yield increased by up to 12.44 wt%, the oil yield by up to 3.51 wt%, while significantly reducing the reaction activation energy and lowering the characteristic pyrolysis temperature by a maximum of 27 °C. Py-GC/MS and GC analyses further revealed that CCS directs the pyrolysis products toward a lower carbon number distribution, with light oil content increasing by 18.68 % and olefin yield rising by over 9.17 %. Conversely, the highly toxic and strongly oxidizing Cr (VI) present in CCS was effectively reduced during co-pyrolysis. EPA 3060a tests showed that the reduction rates of Cr (VI) by LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS, PVC, and PET reached 71.79 %, 59.61 %, 48.56 %, 74.29 %, 82.86 %, and 77.15 %, respectively. Notably, PVC contains chlorine elements, while PET contains oxygen elements, both can provide a stronger reducing environment, so they have better detoxification performance. Based on TG-FTIR functional group analysis, this study elucidates the synergistic mechanism involved in the co-pyrolysis process, demonstrating the feasibility and potential of this “waste-treats-waste” strategy for synergistic detoxification.

废塑料和含铬渣（CCS）的不断积累对生态环境构成了重大威胁，开发高效的协同处理技术迫在眉睫。本研究创新性地提出了塑料和CCS的共热解策略，以同时实现资源回收和解毒。CCS富含MgO、Fe2O3/Al2O3等金属氧化物，是塑料热解的高效催化剂。实验结果表明，CCS的引入显著提高了塑料热解效率，气产率提高了12.44 wt%，油产率提高了3.51 wt%，同时显著降低了反应活化能，特征热解温度最高降低了27℃。Py-GC/MS和GC分析进一步表明，CCS使热解产物向低碳数分布方向发展，轻质油含量提高18.68%，烯烃收率提高9.17%以上。相反，CCS中存在的高毒性强氧化性Cr （VI）在共热解过程中被有效还原。EPA 3060a试验表明，LDPE、HDPE、PP、PS、PVC和PET对Cr （VI）的还原率分别达到71.79%、59.61%、48.56%、74.29%、82.86%和77.15%。值得注意的是，PVC中含有氯元素，而PET中含有氧元素，两者都能提供更强的还原环境，因此具有更好的解毒性能。基于TG-FTIR官能团分析，本研究阐明了共热解过程的协同机制，论证了“废物-处理-废物”协同解毒策略的可行性和潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced homogeneous reduction mechanisms of NO during the pulverized coal partial gasification process: Insight from experiments and ReaxFF MD 煤粉部分气化过程中NO均相还原机制的增强：来自实验和ReaxFF MD的见解

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102410

Zeru Gong , Chen Zhang , Anyao Jiao , Fang Wu , Jiaxun Liu , Junfu Lyu

Partial gasification is an available method for the efficient and clean utilization of pulverized coal. In this study, the homogeneous reduction mechanisms of NO during coal partial gasification were elucidated by the combination of experimental and molecular dynamics approaches. The effects of temperature and reburning gas composition on NO reduction efficiency were investigated in a one-dimensional furnace. Results indicate that the NO reduction efficiency increases with rising temperature, while H₂ exerts a significant enhancing effect on this process. Reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) was employed to emphatically evaluate the capacity of homogeneous reducing NO by CO and H₂ under fuel-rich conditions, exploring the reaction mechanisms at the molecular level to further verify the experimental results. Thermodynamic analyses reveal that H₂ exhibits a stronger reducing capability of NO with an optimal conversion temperature around 3200 K. CO reacts with NO at a lower rate and has an inhibitory effect in the presence of H₂. The presence of O₂ promotes the NO reduction reactions by generating radicals and increasing the N₂ yield. These results contribute to the understanding of the NO homogeneous reduction mechanisms under coal partial gasification conditions, which provides theoretical support for clean coal combustion and low nitrogen emissions.

部分气化是实现煤粉高效清洁利用的一种可行方法。本研究采用实验与分子动力学相结合的方法，阐明了煤部分气化过程中NO的均相还原机理。在一维炉上研究了温度和再燃气体组成对NO还原效率的影响。结果表明，随着温度的升高，NO还原效率逐渐提高，H2对该过程有显著的促进作用。利用反应力场分子动力学（ReaxFF MD）重点评价了富燃料条件下CO和H2均相还原NO的能力，在分子水平上探索反应机理，进一步验证实验结果。热力学分析表明，H2在3200k左右的最佳转化温度下具有较强的还原NO的能力。CO与NO反应速率较低，在H2存在下具有抑制作用。O2的存在通过生成自由基和提高N2产率来促进NO还原反应。这些结果有助于理解煤部分气化条件下NO均相还原机理，为清洁煤燃烧和低氮排放提供理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the mechanism of ozone's influence on the laminar combustion characteristics of propane under different ambient pressure 不同环境压力下臭氧对丙烷层流燃烧特性的影响机理研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102404

Shuman Guo , Jiaqi Wang , Dong Liu , Chen Hong , Lijun Wang , Haichao Liu , Yuguo Gao , Nannan Zhang , Zhenzhong Yang , Chunjian Zhou

Propane is regarded as a potential alternative fuel for internal combustion engines (ICEs) due to its high calorific value and cleanliness. However, its application is constrained by issues such as low laminar burning velocity (LBV) and combustion instability. Ozone, as a combustion enhancer, accelerates flame kernel formation, enhances flame propagation and stability, and thus holds promise for addressing the disadvantages of propane as an ICE fuel. Existing research on ozone-assisted propane combustion has primarily focused on atmospheric pressure conditions, while studies on combustion characteristics and reaction mechanisms under medium-to-low pressure conditions remain scarce. This gap prompts the initiation of this work. This study evaluates the effects of various ambient pressure (0.1–0.2 MPa) and ozone concentrations (0 ppm, 2500 ppm, 5000 ppm) on the laminar combustion characteristics of propane under ambient temperature. Research findings reveal that under varying pressure, the heat released by ozonolysis within the pre-ignition region consistently elevates the adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) and increases the concentrations of radicals H, OH, and O. This contributes to accelerating the LBV. Specifically, at an ambient pressure of 0.1 MPa and φ = 1, the LBV of the mixture increased by approximately 17.9 % when the ozone concentration rose from 0 to 5000 ppm. Notably, the elevated oxygen concentrations influenced the reaction pathways, resulting in a ‘bulge region’ for the O₃ = O₂ + O reaction within the pre-ignition region. Furthermore, the O₂+ H = OH + O reaction exerts the greatest influence on the LBV. At atmospheric pressure, the sensitivity coefficient for this reaction is 0.407, gradually decreasing with increasing ozone concentration.

丙烷因其高热值和清洁性被认为是一种潜在的内燃机替代燃料。然而，它的应用受到低层流燃烧速度和燃烧不稳定性等问题的限制。臭氧作为燃烧助燃剂，加速火焰核的形成，增强火焰的传播和稳定性，因此有望解决丙烷作为ICE燃料的缺点。现有的臭氧辅助丙烷燃烧研究主要集中在常压条件下，而对中低压条件下的燃烧特性和反应机理的研究较少。这种差距促使了这项工作的开始。本研究考察了环境压力（0.1 ~ 0.2 MPa）和臭氧浓度（0 ppm、2500 ppm、5000 ppm）对丙烷在环境温度下层流燃烧特性的影响。研究结果表明，在不同压力下，预燃区臭氧分解释放的热量不断提高绝热火焰温度（AFT），增加自由基H、OH和o的浓度，从而加速LBV。在0.1 MPa和φ = 1的环境压力下，当臭氧浓度从0增加到5000 ppm时，混合物的LBV增加了约17.9%。值得注意的是，氧气浓度的升高影响了反应途径，导致在预点燃区域内O3 = O2 + O反应的“凸起区域”。O2+ H = OH + O反应对LBV的影响最大。在常压下，该反应的敏感性系数为0.407，随臭氧浓度的增加而逐渐降低。

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引用次数: 0

Study of NOx formation characteristics and influencing parameters in refuse derived fuel combustion using response surface methodology 利用响应面法研究垃圾衍生燃料燃烧中NOx形成特性及影响参数

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102403

Zhengming Yi , Zihang Zhou , Zhuo Deng , Xiaolin Chen

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF), a promising alternative fuel for energy recovery and waste treatment, generates nitrogen oxides (NO_x) during precalciner combustion. This study systematically investigates the interactive effects of three key operational parameters—combustion temperature, O₂ concentration, and CaO mass ratio—on NO_x generation characteristics during RDF combustion using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to develop a quadratic regression model for NO_x emissions, followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and model validation. The results indicate that O₂ concentration has the most significant impact on the peak NO_x release (Peak-NO_x), with a model F-statistic of 15.76 and a probability value P < 0.01. An increase in O₂ concentration weakens the influence of combustion temperature on Peak-NO_x, while an increase in the CaO mass ratio alters the trend of temperature's effect on Peak-NO_x. On the other hand, combustion temperature exhibits the greatest influence on total NO_x generation (Total-NO_x), with parameter interactions being significant only within the 800 °C–900 °C range. The developed models show high goodness-of-fit, with R² values of 0.9216 for Peak-NO_x and 0.9835 for Total-NO_x. Furthermore, multi-objective optimization identified the optimal combustion parameters (884 °C, 13 % O₂, 6 % CaO), under which Peak-NO_x and Total-NO_x were reduced to 236 ppm and 0.87 mg, respectively. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for controlling NO_x emissions during RDF combustion in precalciners.

垃圾衍生燃料（RDF）是一种很有前途的能源回收和废物处理替代燃料，在分解炉燃烧过程中产生氮氧化物（NOx）。本研究采用响应面法（RSM）系统地研究了三个关键操作参数——燃烧温度、O2浓度和CaO质量比——对RDF燃烧过程中NOx生成特性的交互影响。采用Box-Behnken实验设计建立NOx排放二次回归模型，并进行方差分析（ANOVA）和模型验证。结果表明，O2浓度对NOx峰值释放量（peak -NOx）的影响最为显著，模型f统计量为15.76，概率值P <； 0.01。O2浓度的增加减弱了燃烧温度对Peak-NOx的影响，而CaO质量比的增加改变了温度对Peak-NOx的影响趋势。另一方面，燃烧温度对总NOx生成（total -NOx）的影响最大，参数交互作用仅在800°C - 900°C范围内显著。所建立的模型拟合优度较高，Peak-NOx和Total-NOx的R2值分别为0.9216和0.9835。通过多目标优化，确定了最佳燃烧参数（884°C, 13% O2, 6% CaO），峰值nox和总nox分别降至236 ppm和0.87 mg。研究结果为控制分解炉内RDF燃烧过程中NOx的排放提供了理论基础和技术指导。

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引用次数: 0

Biomass & coal co-milling: Old hat or the route to decarbonization for coal power dependent economies via novel particle size partitioning analysis 生物质和煤共磨：通过新颖的粒度分配分析，为依赖煤电的经济体提供脱碳途径

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102402

Orla Williams , Fatih Gulec , Ho Kwong Lau , Joseph Perkins , Graham O'Brien , Edward Lester

Despite the global push towards net zero, coal remains a dominant energy source in many economies. Biomass co-firing offers coal powered dependent economies a transitional decarbonization pathway, yet co-milling remains a critical barrier due to the contrasting fracture mechanics of coal and biomass and lack of understanding in the partitioning of milled blends. This study aims to overcome some of these challenges by investigating the co-milling behaviour of wood pellets and palm kernel shell (PKS), with 7 coals (5 Australian, 1 Indonesian and 1 Colombian) using a ball and race mill with pneumatic classification. These two biomasses were blended with each coal at 10 % and 40 % wt/wt. The milling performance was evaluated using particle size distribution (PSD) statistical analysis, novel application of thermal characterisation on the milled size fractions, and application of Von Rittinger's comminution theory to rank grindability. Results demonstrate that while PKS exhibits mill choking when milled alone, co-milling enables complete milling, indicating a synergistic effect. Thermogravimetric analysis of size fractions enables the first reported estimation of biomass and coal partitioning within co-milled products. The Von Rittinger constant ranking revealed that softer coals require disproportionately higher energy when blended with biomass, particularly at higher blend ratios. Predictive models based on parent material PSD and thermal composition were developed to estimate co-milled particle size and specific energy consumption, showing good agreement at low blend ratios and highlighting synergistic effects at higher biomass contents. This study provides new insights into the physical and thermal partitioning of co-milled biomass and coal blends, demonstrating that co-milling can mitigate biomass milling limitations and improve throughput. The findings support the development of predictive models for PSD and energy consumption based on the parent material properties, offering practical guidance for the transition towards lower-carbon energy systems.

尽管全球都在努力实现净零排放，但煤炭仍然是许多经济体的主要能源来源。生物质共烧为依赖煤炭的经济体提供了一种过渡性脱碳途径，但由于煤和生物质的断裂机制不同，以及对混合混合物的分配缺乏了解，共磨仍然是一个关键障碍。本研究旨在通过研究7种煤（5种澳大利亚煤、1种印度尼西亚煤和1种哥伦比亚煤）的木颗粒和棕榈核壳（PKS）的共磨行为，使用带有气动分类的球磨机来克服其中的一些挑战。这两种生物质分别以10%和40%的重量/重量与每种煤混合。利用粒度分布（PSD）统计分析、磨矿粒度组分热表征的新应用以及冯·里廷格（Von Rittinger）粉碎理论对可磨性进行分级，对磨矿性能进行了评估。结果表明，虽然PKS在单独磨铣时出现磨屑堵塞，但共磨可以实现完全磨铣，表明协同效应。尺寸分数的热重分析使首次报道的生物质和煤在共磨产品分配的估计。冯·里廷格常数排名显示，软煤在与生物质混合时需要不成比例的高能量，特别是在较高的混合比例下。基于母材PSD和热成分的预测模型用于估计共磨粒度和比能耗，在低混合比例下显示出良好的一致性，在高生物量含量下突出了协同效应。该研究为共磨生物质和煤混合物的物理和热分配提供了新的见解，表明共磨可以减轻生物质研磨限制并提高吞吐量。研究结果支持了基于母材性能的PSD和能耗预测模型的发展，为向低碳能源系统的过渡提供了实用指导。

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引用次数: 0

Plasma-enhanced microwave-driven methane pyrolysis for hydrogen and carbon production 等离子体增强微波驱动甲烷热解生产氢和碳

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102400

Francisco Cepeda, Luke Di Liddo, Liam Mendoza, Murray J. Thomson

Microwave-driven methane pyrolysis is a promising pathway for low-GHG hydrogen production. In this process, carbon particles absorb microwave radiation, heat the gas phase, and promote the decomposition of methane. Previous studies hypothesize that localized microplasmas, formed by arcing between conductive particles, may enhance pyrolysis by creating non-thermal excitation of methane molecules. However, the role of microplasmas has not been systematically isolated or quantified. This study investigates the impact of non-thermal plasma discharges on methane conversion and hydrogen yield using a microwave-driven fluidized-bed reactor. Graphitized carbon particles and tungsten electrodes were used to generate intense controlled plasma discharges while maintaining constant microwave power and bulk temperature. Results show that microplasmas induced by graphite alone do not significantly affect methane conversion. In contrast, the addition of unpowered electrodes results in a marked increase in methane conversion (up to 20%) and hydrogen yield. Carbon products formed in the plasma region were characterized by SEM, Raman, and XPS, revealing nanostructured, disordered carbon distinct from thermal film deposits. These findings suggest that only intense, electrode-driven discharges substantially enhance pyrolysis and carbon black production, informing reactor design strategies for efficient hydrogen generation.

微波驱动甲烷热解是一种很有前途的低温室气体制氢途径。在这个过程中，碳颗粒吸收微波辐射，加热气相，促进甲烷的分解。先前的研究假设，由导电颗粒之间的电弧形成的局部微等离子体可能通过产生甲烷分子的非热激发来增强热解。然而，微等离子体的作用尚未被系统地分离或量化。在微波驱动的流化床反应器中，研究了非热等离子体放电对甲烷转化和氢气产量的影响。石墨化碳颗粒和钨电极在保持恒定的微波功率和体温的情况下产生强烈的可控等离子体放电。结果表明，石墨单独诱导的微等离子体对甲烷转化没有显著影响。相比之下，添加无动力电极可显著提高甲烷转化率（高达20%）和氢气产量。等离子体区形成的碳产物通过SEM、拉曼和XPS进行了表征，揭示了不同于热膜沉积的纳米结构、无序碳。这些发现表明，只有强烈的、电极驱动的放电才能显著提高热解和炭黑的产量，从而为高效制氢的反应器设计策略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

A review of hybrid computational fluid dynamics and machine learning approaches for the combustion of alternative fuels 替代燃料燃烧的混合计算流体动力学和机器学习方法综述

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102384

Evans K. Quaye , Pan Jianfeng , Fan Baowei , Lu Qingbo , Zhang Yi , Jiang Chao , Li Zhongjia , Yang Wenming

The transition to clean fuels is essential for meeting global decarbonization objectives. However, the complex combustion modeling and optimization of these fuels pose significant challenges. Traditional modeling approaches like Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), although accurate and foundational, struggle with computational costs, limited scalability, and fidelity trade-offs in combustion systems. This review seeks to evaluate the challenges and transformative potential of combining CFD with Machine Learning (ML) to the combustion of three key candidate fuels in the transition towards a sustainable energy future namely; hydrogen, ammonia, and biofuels. ML techniques including Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gaussian Processes and Reinforcement Learning, are shown to supplement CFD workflows by accelerating the combustion process and the characteristics of these fuels. Case studies show that CFD-ML hybrid can speed up computations by up to about two orders of magnitude without significantly compromising the accuracy. This enables the real-time optimization of the combustion, mitigate NOx formation, reduce unburned ammonia-slips and addresses the soot formation of biofuels. Despite these advances, unaddressed challenges like data scarcity for high-pressure regimes, interpretability of the so-called black-box ML models, and scalability gaps in industrial applications still exist. The review identifies physics-informed ML models, digital twins, and established critical algorithm selection criteria essential for successfully integrating ML into CFD combustion studies. This interdisciplinary convergence has proven to be an efficient tool in combustion studies while accelerating the design of carbon-neutral energy systems. The study therefore harnesses CFD-ML synergy for applications in modeling sustainable combustion technologies for power generation, aviation, and heavy industry.

向清洁燃料过渡对于实现全球脱碳目标至关重要。然而，这些燃料复杂的燃烧建模和优化带来了重大挑战。计算流体动力学（CFD）等传统建模方法虽然准确且基础，但在燃烧系统中存在计算成本、有限的可扩展性和保真度权衡等问题。本综述旨在评估将CFD与机器学习（ML）结合起来，在向可持续能源未来过渡的过程中燃烧三种关键候选燃料的挑战和变革潜力，即：氢，氨和生物燃料。包括人工神经网络（ANN）、高斯过程（Gaussian Processes）和强化学习（Reinforcement Learning）在内的机器学习技术通过加速燃烧过程和这些燃料的特性来补充CFD工作流程。案例研究表明，CFD-ML混合可以在不显著影响准确性的情况下将计算速度提高约两个数量级。这可以实现燃烧的实时优化，减少氮氧化物的形成，减少未燃烧的氨滑，并解决生物燃料的烟灰形成问题。尽管取得了这些进步，但仍存在一些未解决的挑战，如高压环境下的数据稀缺、所谓的黑箱ML模型的可解释性以及工业应用中的可扩展性差距。该综述确定了基于物理的ML模型、数字双胞胎，并建立了将ML成功集成到CFD燃烧研究中必不可少的关键算法选择标准。这种跨学科的融合已被证明是燃烧研究的有效工具，同时加速了碳中性能源系统的设计。因此，该研究利用CFD-ML协同作用，为发电、航空和重工业的可持续燃烧技术建模提供了应用。

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引用次数: 0