Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101862
Rukan Can Seyfeli , Abdülvahap Çakmak , Esma Yeliz Kaya , Selim Ceylan
The study focused on producing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as an adsorbent which provides high efficiency in desulfurization processes. The synthesized hBN is used for sulfur removal from liquid fuel derived from end-of-life tires (ELTs). Characterization of hBN was performed using FTIR, XRD, TGA, and SEM-EDS analyses. Liquid fuel was produced in a fluidized bed reactor at 550 °C under a nitrogen gas flow. Post-desulfurization, the fuel's density, water content, and calorific value increased, while sulfur content and flash point decreased, with sulfur content showing a significant reduction of 79.23 %. The desulfurized fuel (PS-A) exhibited better combustion characteristics and closely resembled diesel fuel performance, though it slightly reduced engine effective efficiency by 1.06 % compared to diesel. Both PS-A and pre-desulfurized fuel (PS-B) significantly reduced soot emissions by 23.28 % and 20.81 %, respectively, compared to diesel. Additionally, CO emissions were lower for PS-A and PS-B, with reductions of 4.35 % and 2.00 %, respectively. However, CO2 emissions increased by 1.60 % for PS-A and 0.86 % for PS-B, attributed to higher fuel consumption. Overall, hBN effectively reduced sulfur content and improved several fuel properties of pyrolytic liquids. The study highlights the environmental and economic benefits of enhancing ELT-derived liquid fuels and suggests potential applications in real systems, serving as a foundation for new technologies and projects.
{"title":"Desulfurization of pyrolytic oils from waste tire pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor with boron nitride adsorbents","authors":"Rukan Can Seyfeli , Abdülvahap Çakmak , Esma Yeliz Kaya , Selim Ceylan","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study focused on producing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as an adsorbent which provides high efficiency in desulfurization processes. The synthesized hBN is used for sulfur removal from liquid fuel derived from end-of-life tires (ELTs). Characterization of hBN was performed using FTIR, XRD, TGA, and SEM-EDS analyses. Liquid fuel was produced in a fluidized bed reactor at 550 °C under a nitrogen gas flow. Post-desulfurization, the fuel's density, water content, and calorific value increased, while sulfur content and flash point decreased, with sulfur content showing a significant reduction of 79.23 %. The desulfurized fuel (PS-A) exhibited better combustion characteristics and closely resembled diesel fuel performance, though it slightly reduced engine effective efficiency by 1.06 % compared to diesel. Both PS-A and pre-desulfurized fuel (PS-B) significantly reduced soot emissions by 23.28 % and 20.81 %, respectively, compared to diesel. Additionally, CO emissions were lower for PS-A and PS-B, with reductions of 4.35 % and 2.00 %, respectively. However, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions increased by 1.60 % for PS-A and 0.86 % for PS-B, attributed to higher fuel consumption. Overall, hBN effectively reduced sulfur content and improved several fuel properties of pyrolytic liquids. The study highlights the environmental and economic benefits of enhancing ELT-derived liquid fuels and suggests potential applications in real systems, serving as a foundation for new technologies and projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101862"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101863
Bo Xu , Wan-Yuan Shi , Lin Feng , Wan Sun , Liang-Ming Pan
Although ferrite-based adsorbents are the potential mercury removal materials for the high thermal stability, they usually suffer from a low efficiency in flue gas environment, especially under SO2 condition. In the present paper, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are utilized to improve the adsorption capacity of the Mn0.4Cu0.6Fe2O4 adsorbents as well as inhibit the influence of flue gas composition. The influences of temperature, adsorbent type and the flue gas composition on Hg0 removal efficiency are evaluated by experiments. The physical adsorption property of MWCNTs provides a platform for Hg0 oxidation by Mn0.4Cu0.6Fe2O4. The synergistic effect between MWCNTs and Mn0.4Cu0.6Fe2O4 enhances the mercury removal efficiency as well we the sulfur resistance. The results find that the adsorbent of Mn0.4Cu0.6Fe2O4 containing 14 % MWCNTs has a high mercury removal efficiency of 95.6 % at 120 °C even under 1000 ppm SO2 concentration. The kinetic behaviors of adsorbent adsorption are analyzed by theoretical models. The mechanisms of porous carbon-containing modifier to improve the mercury removal performance of Mn0.4Cu0.6Fe2O4 are explored carefully. The present ferrite-based adsorbent exhibits promising prospects for the practical industrial applications of the low temperature mercury removal from coal-fired flue gas.
{"title":"Synergistic effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and Mn0.4Cu0.6Fe2O4 on mercury removal with high efficiency and sulfur resistance","authors":"Bo Xu , Wan-Yuan Shi , Lin Feng , Wan Sun , Liang-Ming Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although ferrite-based adsorbents are the potential mercury removal materials for the high thermal stability, they usually suffer from a low efficiency in flue gas environment, especially under SO<sub>2</sub> condition. In the present paper, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are utilized to improve the adsorption capacity of the Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cu<sub>0.6</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> adsorbents as well as inhibit the influence of flue gas composition. The influences of temperature, adsorbent type and the flue gas composition on Hg<sup>0</sup> removal efficiency are evaluated by experiments. The physical adsorption property of MWCNTs provides a platform for Hg<sup>0</sup> oxidation by Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cu<sub>0.6</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The synergistic effect between MWCNTs and Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cu<sub>0.6</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> enhances the mercury removal efficiency as well we the sulfur resistance. The results find that the adsorbent of Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cu<sub>0.6</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> containing 14 % MWCNTs has a high mercury removal efficiency of 95.6 % at 120 °C even under 1000 ppm SO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The kinetic behaviors of adsorbent adsorption are analyzed by theoretical models. The mechanisms of porous carbon-containing modifier to improve the mercury removal performance of Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cu<sub>0.6</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> are explored carefully. The present ferrite-based adsorbent exhibits promising prospects for the practical industrial applications of the low temperature mercury removal from coal-fired flue gas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101863"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101849
Basiru O. Yusuf , Ijaz Hussain , Mustapha Umar , Aliyu M. Alhassan , Chennampilly Ummer Aniz , Khalid R. Alhooshani , Syed A. Ali , Babar Ali , Saheed A. Ganiyu
The process of converting CO2 into sustainable chemical feedstock and fuels through reaction with renewable hydrogen has been regarded as a promising direction in energy research. The enhancement of CO2 hydrogenation efficiency to produce valuable hydrocarbons (specifically olefins) on Fe catalysts through Cu modification has been extensively researched. However, there is ongoing vigorous debate regarding the impact of these modifications on catalytic properties and the underlying mechanism. When compared to unprompted iron-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation, the choice of desired products, such as C2-C4 and C5+, is relatively low. So, promoters are frequently employed to customize and enhance product distribution. This study investigates how adding Cu to Fe-based supported catalysts affects their performance in converting CO2 to hydrocarbons, with a specific emphasis on the interaction between Fe and Cu. To achieve this goal, catalysts were created using co-precipitation methods, varying the distribution of Fe and Cu within them. A set of composite catalysts underwent testing in a fixed bed setup using a reactant gas mixture at 350 °C and 30 bar pressure. Analysis techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms revealed the presence of iron-copper interaction within the composite catalysts. This interaction between the two components synergistically enhances the catalytic activity in CO2 hydrogenation.
通过与可再生氢气反应将二氧化碳转化为可持续化学原料和燃料的过程一直被视为能源研究中一个前景广阔的方向。在铁催化剂上通过铜改性提高 CO2 加氢效率以生产有价值的碳氢化合物（特别是烯烃）已得到广泛研究。然而，关于这些改性对催化特性的影响及其内在机理的争论仍在继续。与用于 CO2 加氢的未催化铁基催化剂相比，C2-C4 和 C5+ 等所需产物的选择相对较少。因此，经常使用促进剂来定制和增强产物分布。本研究探讨了在铁基支撑催化剂中添加 Cu 如何影响其将 CO2 转化为碳氢化合物的性能，并特别强调了铁和 Cu 之间的相互作用。为实现这一目标，研究人员采用共沉淀方法制造催化剂，并改变其中铁和铜的分布。在 350 °C 和 30 bar 压力下，使用反应物气体混合物在固定床装置中对一组复合催化剂进行了测试。XRD、SEM、TEM、NH3-TPD、H2-TPR 和 N2 吸附-解吸等温线等分析技术显示，复合催化剂中存在铁-铜相互作用。这两种成分之间的相互作用协同增强了二氧化碳加氢的催化活性。
{"title":"Effect of Cu incorporation on Fe-based catalysts for selective CO2 hydrogenation to olefins","authors":"Basiru O. Yusuf , Ijaz Hussain , Mustapha Umar , Aliyu M. Alhassan , Chennampilly Ummer Aniz , Khalid R. Alhooshani , Syed A. Ali , Babar Ali , Saheed A. Ganiyu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The process of converting CO<sub>2</sub> into sustainable chemical feedstock and fuels through reaction with renewable hydrogen has been regarded as a promising direction in energy research. The enhancement of CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation efficiency to produce valuable hydrocarbons (specifically olefins) on Fe catalysts through Cu modification has been extensively researched. However, there is ongoing vigorous debate regarding the impact of these modifications on catalytic properties and the underlying mechanism. When compared to unprompted iron-based catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation, the choice of desired products, such as C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>5+</sub>, is relatively low. So, promoters are frequently employed to customize and enhance product distribution. This study investigates how adding Cu to Fe-based supported catalysts affects their performance in converting CO<sub>2</sub> to hydrocarbons, with a specific emphasis on the interaction between Fe and Cu. To achieve this goal, catalysts were created using co-precipitation methods, varying the distribution of Fe and Cu within them. A set of composite catalysts underwent testing in a fixed bed setup using a reactant gas mixture at 350 °C and 30 bar pressure. Analysis techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, H<sub>2</sub>-TPR, and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption isotherms revealed the presence of iron-copper interaction within the composite catalysts. This interaction between the two components synergistically enhances the catalytic activity in CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101849"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to realize the dual carbon goals of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality”, the design and development CO2 hydrogenation catalyst with high performances is of great significance. In this study, the CoCe composite catalysts were prepared by different methods and used to CO2 catalytic hydrogenation. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM/HRTEM, and H2-TPD. The characterization results indicated that the studied CoCe composite catalytsts with different pore structure can be prepared by different preparation methods. The suitable preparation method can promote Co species to be dissolved into the CeO2 lattice to form Ce-O-Co solid solution, which can promote the corresponding Co species to be reduced by H2 to form active Co0 species. The large specific surface area and developed ordered mesoporous structure of the CoCe-HT catalyst precursor, which was prepared by hard-template method, are conducive to the formation of active Co0 species and activation of H2 to produce reactive H species. The CO2 hydrogenation activity of the studied CoCe composite catalysts follows the following order: CoCe-HT > CoCe-CP > CoCe-CA > CoCe-HY. The CoCe-HT catalyst showed high CO2 hydrogenation conversion of 53.9 % and good using stability at 360 °C for 600 min. However, the CoCe-CA prepared by complex method has a poor use stability.
为了实现 "碳调峰 "和 "碳中和 "的双碳目标，设计和开发高性能的二氧化碳加氢催化剂具有重要意义。本研究采用不同方法制备了 CoCe 复合催化剂，并将其用于 CO2 催化加氢。通过 XRD、BET、TEM/HRTEM 和 H2-TPD 对所制备催化剂的理化性质进行了表征。表征结果表明，所研究的不同孔结构的 CoCe 复合催化剂可通过不同的制备方法制备。合适的制备方法可以促进 Co 物种溶解到 CeO2 晶格中形成 Ce-O-Co 固溶体，从而促进相应的 Co 物种被 H2 还原形成活性 Co0 物种。硬模板法制备的 CoCe-HT 催化剂前驱体具有较大的比表面积和发达的有序介孔结构，有利于形成活性 Co0 物种并活化 H2 生成活性 H 物种。所研究的 CoCe 复合催化剂的 CO2 加氢活性按以下顺序排列：CoCe-HT；CoCe-CP；CoCe-CA；CoCe-HY。CoCe-HT 催化剂的二氧化碳加氢转化率高达 53.9%，在 360 °C 下 600 分钟的使用稳定性良好。然而，用复合方法制备的 CoCe-CA 的使用稳定性较差。
{"title":"CoCe composite catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation: Effect of pore structure","authors":"Guilin Zhou , Liying Xie , Fengqiong Xie , Shuang Chen , Jia Zeng , Hongmei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to realize the dual carbon goals of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality”, the design and development CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation catalyst with high performances is of great significance. In this study, the CoCe composite catalysts were prepared by different methods and used to CO<sub>2</sub> catalytic hydrogenation. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM/HRTEM, and H<sub>2</sub>-TPD. The characterization results indicated that the studied CoCe composite catalytsts with different pore structure can be prepared by different preparation methods. The suitable preparation method can promote Co species to be dissolved into the CeO<sub>2</sub> lattice to form Ce-O-Co solid solution, which can promote the corresponding Co species to be reduced by H<sub>2</sub> to form active Co<sup>0</sup> species. The large specific surface area and developed ordered mesoporous structure of the CoCe-HT catalyst precursor, which was prepared by hard-template method, are conducive to the formation of active Co<sup>0</sup> species and activation of H<sub>2</sub> to produce reactive H species. The CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation activity of the studied CoCe composite catalysts follows the following order: CoCe-HT > CoCe-CP > CoCe-CA > CoCe-HY. The CoCe-HT catalyst showed high CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation conversion of 53.9 % and good using stability at 360 °C for 600 min. However, the CoCe-CA prepared by complex method has a poor use stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101851
T. Rossi , S. Lixi , S. Puricelli , M. Grosso , D. Faedo , S. Casadei
The aim of this research was to investigate the exhaust emissions from vehicles when fueled by a new and fully renewable fuel if made of bio-LPG and renewable dimethyl ether (DME), in comparison with standard gasoline. For this purpose, DME was mixed with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and used to fuel three bi-fuel LPG/gasoline spark-ignition engines light-duty vehicles. The suitable fuel blend was selected based on several octane tests using CFR engines. Exhaust emissions were tested over the WLTC and over the hot-start CADC cycles, as well as on the road. All Euro 6 standards were well fully met over the WLTC with both fuels. Switching from gasoline to LPG/DME fueling, the CO and NOx emission factors increased for two vehicles, whereas THC and NMHC decreased. Regarding particulates, for two vehicles the emission factors decreased, too. Generally, when the vehicles were driven on the CADC, lower gaseous emissions were observed compared to WLTC: excluding one vehicle, when switching from gasoline to LPG/DME fueling, the overall emission profiles reflected those of the same vehicles run on the WLTC. The unregulated particulate emissions measured over both testing cycles reflect what was detected for the regulated ones. Except for PN10, which was not measured, all regulated emissions were found to meet the (most severe) Euro 7 standards proposed at first by the European Commission. RDE tests showed that all vehicle emissions obtained from on-road tests were also found to meet the RDE standards, regardless of the fueling. Concerning CO2 emissions, LPG/DME fueling guaranteed a systematic decrease for all vehicles and cycles, both on road and in the laboratory. The present investigation aims at demonstrating that the innovative LPG/DME 80 %/20 % (m/m) blend not only can be deemed as potentially suitable for GHG emissions reduction, as long as both DME and propane are obtained from renewable sources, but even compliant with EN 589 and both Euro 6 and part of preliminary Euro 7 exhaust emission proposal.
{"title":"Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from Euro 6d vehicles fueled by innovative LPG/DME blend","authors":"T. Rossi , S. Lixi , S. Puricelli , M. Grosso , D. Faedo , S. Casadei","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this research was to investigate the exhaust emissions from vehicles when fueled by a new and fully renewable fuel if made of bio-LPG and renewable dimethyl ether (DME), in comparison with standard gasoline. For this purpose, DME was mixed with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and used to fuel three bi-fuel LPG/gasoline spark-ignition engines light-duty vehicles. The suitable fuel blend was selected based on several octane tests using CFR engines. Exhaust emissions were tested over the WLTC and over the hot-start CADC cycles, as well as on the road. All Euro 6 standards were well fully met over the WLTC with both fuels. Switching from gasoline to LPG/DME fueling, the CO and NOx emission factors increased for two vehicles, whereas THC and NMHC decreased. Regarding particulates, for two vehicles the emission factors decreased, too. Generally, when the vehicles were driven on the CADC, lower gaseous emissions were observed compared to WLTC: excluding one vehicle, when switching from gasoline to LPG/DME fueling, the overall emission profiles reflected those of the same vehicles run on the WLTC. The unregulated particulate emissions measured over both testing cycles reflect what was detected for the regulated ones. Except for PN10, which was not measured, all regulated emissions were found to meet the (most severe) Euro 7 standards proposed at first by the European Commission. RDE tests showed that all vehicle emissions obtained from on-road tests were also found to meet the RDE standards, regardless of the fueling. Concerning CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, LPG/DME fueling guaranteed a systematic decrease for all vehicles and cycles, both on road and in the laboratory. The present investigation aims at demonstrating that the innovative LPG/DME 80 %/20 % (m/m) blend not only can be deemed as potentially suitable for GHG emissions reduction, as long as both DME and propane are obtained from renewable sources, but even compliant with EN 589 and both Euro 6 and part of preliminary Euro 7 exhaust emission proposal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution of pyrolysis products from aromatic model compounds in coal catalyzed by Ca(OH)2 was investigated at the molecular level. The composition and relative abundance of the pyrolysis products from coal were analyzed using Py-GC/MS. The rapid pyrolysis products of coal at 600 °C consisted of phenols (15.94 %), non-phenolic oxygenated compounds (25.31 %), aliphatics (49.03 %), aromatic compounds (21.74 %), and other compounds (0.03 %). Six representative aromatic model compounds (2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, p-cresol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, o-cresol, guaiacol, and catechol) were selected. The pyrolysis process of model compounds was primarily the cleavage of C-O and C-C bonds, which resulted in the formation of methoxy and methyl radicals. The results revealed that Ca(OH)2 undergoes acid-base reactions with -OH, thereby increasing the stability of the model compounds. Notably, the impact of Ca(OH)2 on the composition and distribution of pyrolysis products was significantly more pronounced in aromatic compounds containing both -OCH3 and -OH compared to those containing solely -OH. The formation pathways of pyrolysis products involving guaiacol and Ca(OH)2 were elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, demonstrating that Ca(OH)2 could facilitate more free radicals release and the conversion of model compounds. This study contributes to the understanding of the transformation of aromatic compounds during coal pyrolysis at the molecular level.
{"title":"Exploring the catalytic conversion of aromatic model compounds of coal pyrolysis over Ca(OH)2","authors":"Xiaoguo Zhang, Yun Yang, Wei Lu, Danni Ren, Shenfu Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distribution of pyrolysis products from aromatic model compounds in coal catalyzed by Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> was investigated at the molecular level. The composition and relative abundance of the pyrolysis products from coal were analyzed using Py-GC/MS. The rapid pyrolysis products of coal at 600 °C consisted of phenols (15.94 %), non-phenolic oxygenated compounds (25.31 %), aliphatics (49.03 %), aromatic compounds (21.74 %), and other compounds (0.03 %). Six representative aromatic model compounds (2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, p-cresol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, o-cresol, guaiacol, and catechol) were selected. The pyrolysis process of model compounds was primarily the cleavage of C-O and C-C bonds, which resulted in the formation of methoxy and methyl radicals. The results revealed that Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> undergoes acid-base reactions with -OH, thereby increasing the stability of the model compounds. Notably, the impact of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> on the composition and distribution of pyrolysis products was significantly more pronounced in aromatic compounds containing both -OCH<sub>3</sub> and -OH compared to those containing solely -OH. The formation pathways of pyrolysis products involving guaiacol and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> were elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, demonstrating that Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> could facilitate more free radicals release and the conversion of model compounds. This study contributes to the understanding of the transformation of aromatic compounds during coal pyrolysis at the molecular level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101850"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Existing online monitoring system for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), technically named Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Tunable Laser Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS), has been applied in several incinerators in China. TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS can realize rapid detection of PCDD/Fs emissions from incineration sources. However, the long-term measurement of unclean flue gas will pollute the instruments in TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS, and interfere with the peak output of the target 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TrCBz). In this study, Deans switch (DS) was utilized for the first time in an online monitoring system for PCDD/Fs to separate 1,2,4-TrCBz signal from impurity signals, which improved the anti-interference capability of the system. Laboratory standard gas experiments showed that after adding a DS device between GC and TLI pulse valve, when the pressure set in DS was 4 psi and switched before or near the peak output of 1,2,4-TrCBz, the change of 1,2,4-TrCBz signal intensity was minimal. The impurities near the target peak were removed, and TLI-TOFMS was highly stable during continuous measurement. Moreover, the maximum intensity peak time of 1,2,4-TrCBz was stable after using DS in different switching time intervals. When connecting DS to TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS for field validation on the tail flue gas of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI), results showed that a better 1,2,4-TrCBz signal could be obtained with a 69.52 % reduction of impurity peaks at the moments closer to the target peak. Furthermore, DS improved the sensitivity of the system to low concentration variations of 1,2,4-TrCBz in the flue gas. The robust system developed in this study can be better applied to incineration factories with poor combustion or suboptimal purification technology, facilitating online PCDD/Fs monitoring.
{"title":"Robust online monitoring system for PCDD/Fs in a full-scale MSWI by Deans switch: Efficiently separation and purification","authors":"Lulu Dong , Wenqian Jiang , Minghui Tang , Kaicheng Wu , Shijian Xiong , Shengyong Lu , Fanjie Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing online monitoring system for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), technically named Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Tunable Laser Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS), has been applied in several incinerators in China. TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS can realize rapid detection of PCDD/Fs emissions from incineration sources. However, the long-term measurement of unclean flue gas will pollute the instruments in TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS, and interfere with the peak output of the target 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TrCBz). In this study, Deans switch (DS) was utilized for the first time in an online monitoring system for PCDD/Fs to separate 1,2,4-TrCBz signal from impurity signals, which improved the anti-interference capability of the system. Laboratory standard gas experiments showed that after adding a DS device between GC and TLI pulse valve, when the pressure set in DS was 4 psi and switched before or near the peak output of 1,2,4-TrCBz, the change of 1,2,4-TrCBz signal intensity was minimal. The impurities near the target peak were removed, and TLI-TOFMS was highly stable during continuous measurement. Moreover, the maximum intensity peak time of 1,2,4-TrCBz was stable after using DS in different switching time intervals. When connecting DS to TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS for field validation on the tail flue gas of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI), results showed that a better 1,2,4-TrCBz signal could be obtained with a 69.52 % reduction of impurity peaks at the moments closer to the target peak. Furthermore, DS improved the sensitivity of the system to low concentration variations of 1,2,4-TrCBz in the flue gas. The robust system developed in this study can be better applied to incineration factories with poor combustion or suboptimal purification technology, facilitating online PCDD/Fs monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101852"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101854
Yijie Zeng , Hyun-Yeong Jo , Seung-Mo Kim , Byoung-Hwa Lee , Chung-Hwan Jeon
Ammonia co-firing is increasingly regarded as an effective strategy to reduce CO2 emissions in coal-fired boilers. In this study, we introduce and evaluate two innovative fuel blending methods for ammonia-coal co-firing in a commercial 500 MW utility boiler: burner blending and in-boiler blending. Using computational fluid dynamics simulations, we investigated the effects of 20 % ammonia co-firing on heat transfer efficiency, fuel burnout rate, and pollutant emissions. The results show that while ammonia co-firing effectively reduces CO2 emissions, it also leads to decreases in the furnace and furnace exit-gas temperatures due to the lower flame temperature and increased moisture production. Specifically, the total heat absorption by the water walls and heat exchangers decreased by 4.58 % in the burner blending method and 2.27 % in the in-boiler blending method compared to that with pure coal combustion. Although ammonia co-firing suppresses the generation of thermal NO, overall NO emissions increase significantly due to the substantial release of fuel NO. However, the in-boiler blending method demonstrated superior NO reduction, reducing NO emissions by 13.48 ppm compared to the burner blending method. In addition, the in-boiler blending method showed better combustion stability, achieving faster ignition and reducing the amount of unburned carbon in fly ash by 0.97 %, compared to that with the burner blending method. This is likely due to the higher concentration of combustible gases near the burner in the in-boiler blending system. These findings indicate that the in-boiler blending method is more effective than the burner blending method for ammonia-coal co-firing in a 500 MW utility boiler. This provides valuable insights into the implementation of ammonia co-firing in commercial boilers as part of efforts to achieve carbon neutrality.
{"title":"NH3 co-firing strategy in 500 MW tangential utility boiler: Impact of blending methods","authors":"Yijie Zeng , Hyun-Yeong Jo , Seung-Mo Kim , Byoung-Hwa Lee , Chung-Hwan Jeon","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia co-firing is increasingly regarded as an effective strategy to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in coal-fired boilers. In this study, we introduce and evaluate two innovative fuel blending methods for ammonia-coal co-firing in a commercial 500 MW utility boiler: burner blending and in-boiler blending. Using computational fluid dynamics simulations, we investigated the effects of 20 % ammonia co-firing on heat transfer efficiency, fuel burnout rate, and pollutant emissions. The results show that while ammonia co-firing effectively reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, it also leads to decreases in the furnace and furnace exit-gas temperatures due to the lower flame temperature and increased moisture production. Specifically, the total heat absorption by the water walls and heat exchangers decreased by 4.58 % in the burner blending method and 2.27 % in the in-boiler blending method compared to that with pure coal combustion. Although ammonia co-firing suppresses the generation of thermal NO, overall NO emissions increase significantly due to the substantial release of fuel NO. However, the in-boiler blending method demonstrated superior NO reduction, reducing NO emissions by 13.48 ppm compared to the burner blending method. In addition, the in-boiler blending method showed better combustion stability, achieving faster ignition and reducing the amount of unburned carbon in fly ash by 0.97 %, compared to that with the burner blending method. This is likely due to the higher concentration of combustible gases near the burner in the in-boiler blending system. These findings indicate that the in-boiler blending method is more effective than the burner blending method for ammonia-coal co-firing in a 500 MW utility boiler. This provides valuable insights into the implementation of ammonia co-firing in commercial boilers as part of efforts to achieve carbon neutrality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101854"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101853
Subhashini, Tarak Mondal
Plastic waste management has become a vitally important environmental and economic concern for researchers and technologists worldwide. Currently, catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste emerged as a promising plastic waste management technique, further aiding the full-scale development of an alternate innovation to convert plastic waste into fuel (liquid oil) energy. Lately, zeolites have been one of the most suitable and versatile catalysts in converting plastic waste into fuel grade hydrocarbons via catalytic pyrolysis. The present work exhibits an attempt to synthesize and study the performance of a hierarchical ZSM-5 in a fixed bed reactor to convert the real-world (LDPE, HDPE, PP and PS) plastic wastes into higher quality fuel grade liquid oil. The hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst having both mesopores and micropores (dual porosity) in its framework is synthesized by using a single organic template i.e., 10 % tetra propylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH). The catalyst performance study displays remarkable selectivity and increase in the yield of the aromatic component in the liquid oil obtained from different plastic wastes. The results indicate that presence of hierarchical catalyst has exceptionally lowered the reaction temperature in the range of 400–430 °C and increased the liquid oil yield in comparison with that of the thermal pyrolysis. Also, the obtained liquid oils have comparable fuel properties with that of kerosene and diesel.
{"title":"Probing the influence of synthesized hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst in ex-situ catalytic conversion of real-world plastic waste into aromatic rich liquid oil","authors":"Subhashini, Tarak Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic waste management has become a vitally important environmental and economic concern for researchers and technologists worldwide. Currently, catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste emerged as a promising plastic waste management technique, further aiding the full-scale development of an alternate innovation to convert plastic waste into fuel (liquid oil) energy. Lately, zeolites have been one of the most suitable and versatile catalysts in converting plastic waste into fuel grade hydrocarbons via catalytic pyrolysis. The present work exhibits an attempt to synthesize and study the performance of a hierarchical ZSM-5 in a fixed bed reactor to convert the real-world (LDPE, HDPE, PP and PS) plastic wastes into higher quality fuel grade liquid oil. The hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst having both mesopores and micropores (dual porosity) in its framework is synthesized by using a single organic template i.e., 10 % tetra propylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH). The catalyst performance study displays remarkable selectivity and increase in the yield of the aromatic component in the liquid oil obtained from different plastic wastes. The results indicate that presence of hierarchical catalyst has exceptionally lowered the reaction temperature in the range of 400–430 °C and increased the liquid oil yield in comparison with that of the thermal pyrolysis. Also, the obtained liquid oils have comparable fuel properties with that of kerosene and diesel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101853"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) possesses an outstanding biomass thermal conversion technology for producing biocrude oil (BO). Here, cassava rhizome (CR) was converted into BO via catalytic HTL using 1.0–10.0 wt% of K2CO3 and Na2CO3 with water-soluble product (WSP) recirculation at 275 °C for 15 min. The catalysts and WSP recirculation could enhance the BO fuel properties. The dominant BO yield of 38.00 and 34.80 wt% and HHV of 25.42 and 25.92 Mj/kg were derived using 4.0 wt% of K2CO3 and Na2CO3, respectively. Chemical compositions of the BO were principally phenols and hydrocarbons, which can be further upgraded and fractionated into alternative biofuels. On the other hand, the mass yield and HHV of the hydrochar (HC) co-product were reduced by the alkaline catalysts, while being maintained by WSP recirculation. The HC fuel characterization elucidated that the HC can be used as an alternative to coal. Furthermore, WSP characterization determined that organic acids were the major composition of the WSP. Thus, WSP recirculation can enhance CR decomposition according to the proposed reaction mechanism. These results indicate that the alkaline application and WSP recirculation constitute a dominant method for enhancing biofuel production via HTL.
{"title":"Enhancing biofuel production in hydrothermal liquefaction of cassava rhizome through alkaline catalyst application and water-soluble product recirculation","authors":"Parinvadee Chukaew , Sanchai Kuboon , Wasawat Kraithong , Bunyarit Panyapinyopol , Vorapot Kanokkantapong , Jakkapon Phanthuwongpakdee , Kamonwat Nakason","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) possesses an outstanding biomass thermal conversion technology for producing biocrude oil (BO). Here, cassava rhizome (CR) was converted into BO via catalytic HTL using 1.0–10.0 wt% of K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> with water-soluble product (WSP) recirculation at 275 °C for 15 min. The catalysts and WSP recirculation could enhance the BO fuel properties. The dominant BO yield of 38.00 and 34.80 wt% and HHV of 25.42 and 25.92 Mj/kg were derived using 4.0 wt% of K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, respectively. Chemical compositions of the BO were principally phenols and hydrocarbons, which can be further upgraded and fractionated into alternative biofuels. On the other hand, the mass yield and HHV of the hydrochar (HC) co-product were reduced by the alkaline catalysts, while being maintained by WSP recirculation. The HC fuel characterization elucidated that the HC can be used as an alternative to coal. Furthermore, WSP characterization determined that organic acids were the major composition of the WSP. Thus, WSP recirculation can enhance CR decomposition according to the proposed reaction mechanism. These results indicate that the alkaline application and WSP recirculation constitute a dominant method for enhancing biofuel production via HTL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101848"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号