Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Study of mesoporous silica-supported catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx using NH3 as reducing agent","authors":"Shyam Sunder Rao,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Vivek Kumar Patel,&nbsp;Abhishek Anand,&nbsp;Sweta Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the performance of newly developed MnO₂/CeO₂-KIT-6 and MnO₂/CeO₂-SBA-15 catalysts for NO reduction via the NH₃-SCR process. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized using a range of techniques, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed a cubic phase structure in both CeO₂ and MnO₂. Among the two, the MnO₂/CeO₂-KIT-6 catalyst showed the highest contents of Ce³⁺ (54.0 %), Mn⁴⁺ (71.0 %), and surface adsorbed oxygen (75.4 %). Catalytic activity tests demonstrated that MnO₂/CeO₂-KIT-6 outperformed MnO₂/CeO₂-SBA-15 across a temperature range of 50–450 °C, achieving a maximum NO conversion of 75 % and N₂ selectivity of 86 % at 250 °C. Furthermore, increasing the MnO₂ loading in the (20 wt%) MnO₂/CeO₂-KIT-6 catalyst improved NO conversion and N₂ selectivity, reaching 80 % and nearly 89 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102386"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Mn–Ce modification of mesoporous silica microspheres for deoxygenation of bio-oil to biofuel","authors":"Birce Pekmezci Karaman ,&nbsp;Nuray Oktar ,&nbsp;Fatih Güleç","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving a net-zero carbon future necessitates the development of sustainable biofuels as alternatives to fossil-derived transportation fuels. However, the direct use of raw bio-oil is limited by its high oxygen content, chemical instability, and corrosiveness, making catalytic upgrading to hydrocarbon-rich fuels essential. Conventional catalysts for bio-oil upgrading often suffer from poor selectivity, rapid deactivation due to coke formation, or insufficient resistance to the complex oxygenates present in bio-oil. This study investigates the catalytic upgrading of biomass-derived bio-oil using novel mesoporous silica-based microsphere catalysts functionalized with manganese (Mn) and cerium (Ce) via a microencapsulation technique, which enhances metal dispersion and redox properties. Catalytic activity tests were carried out at 400 °C under atmospheric pressure using a model bio-oil mixture (furfural, formic acid, and hydroxypropanol) co-fed with ethanol at a 70:30 volumetric ratio. The results show that Mn-functionalized mesoporous silica microspheres (SMC) achieve 94 % conversion and high isoparaffin selectivity (71 %). Moreover, the synergistic incorporation of Ce introduces enhanced redox behavior and oxygen-vacancy sites in addition to drastically suppressing coke formation, which decreased from ∼22 wt% (unmodified SMC) to 1.4 wt% (5Ce@5Mn-SMC). These results indicate that Mn- and Ce-functionalized silica microspheres exhibit high catalytic activity and long-term stability, providing better performance in converting oxygen-rich bio-oil into high-quality hydrocarbon fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102399"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the pre-decomposition of NH3 on its combustion performance: A ReaxFF study","authors":"Yutong Hu,&nbsp;Hai Zhang,&nbsp;Wenyang Liu,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Chuanjin Zhao,&nbsp;Weidong Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia combustion is crucial due to its promise as a renewable energy source and its ability to curb greenhouse gas emissions in power generation sector. The pre-decomposition of NH₃ is evidenced to be an important modification for the improvement of the NH₃ combustion. However, the detailed mechanisms behind this improvement remains unclear. In this work, focus is directed on the enhancement mechanisms of the pre-decomposition of NH₃ based on the application of the Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics (ReaxFF MD) modelling through comprehensive understanding on the effect of temperature (T = 2500–3500 K), excess air coefficient (λ = 1.0–1.3), staged ratio (α = 0.2–0.8), and decomposition ratio (β = 0.5–0.9) on the encompassed kinetics and mechanisms. The results show that pre-decomposition reduces combustion time (notably at β &lt; 0.7) and lowers activation energy. A trade-off between H₂O and NO_x emissions emerges, where H₂O suppresses NO via OH-mediated inhibition of N₂+O→NO + N. Increasing β (0.5 → 0.9, α = 0.2) boosts HNO→NO but amplifies NO→N₂ and H₂N₂→N₂, yielding net NO reduction. Raising α to 0.5 suppresses HNO→NO while enhancing NH₃→NH₂ and NH₂→N₂, favoring N₂ stability. Besides, pre-decomposed combustion effectively suppresses NO_x emissions.The results from the present work will provide great support for the industrial adjustable strategies with efficient and low-NO_x combustion of NH₃.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102390"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of soot properties via the combined effects of carbon dioxide and magnetic fields in ethylene inverse diffusion flames","authors":"Kaixuan Yang ,&nbsp;Yaoyao Ying ,&nbsp;Dandan Qi ,&nbsp;Runtian Yu ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Mingxiao Chen ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yan ,&nbsp;Dong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the magnetic influence on soot characteristics in CO₂/N₂ diluted ethylene inverse diffusion flames (IDF). The response of flame structure and soot properties to various magnetic conditions, as well as the type of diluent (nitrogen and carbon dioxide) and oxygen concentration in oxidizer was examined in this work. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy analysis were employed to investigate the nanostructure and graphitic level of soot derived from the exhaust gas of CO₂/N₂ diluted flame under various magnetic conditions. The results illustrated that the CO₂ diluted flame displayed a reduced yellow sooting regions in comparison to the flame with N₂ dilution, suggesting a lower soot formation. Additionally, the soot particles produced by CO₂-doped flames demonstrated lower graphitization level in contrast to those generated from N₂ diluted flames. Notably, applying an upward magnetic gradient to the CO₂-doped flame could facilitate the conversion of amorphous structures into fullerene-like structures within the soot nanostructure. In both CO₂ and N₂ diluted flames, as increasing magnetic flux density, the soot nanostructure exhibited lower fringe tortuosity, longer fringe lengths and more graphitic carbon content. These results suggested that regardless of whether N₂ or CO₂ was used as the diluent, the imposed upward magnetic gradient enhance the graphitic degree of soot. This enhancement might be caused by the magnetic force-induced redistribution of oxygen in the flame, which in turn resulted in longer residence time of soot within the flame and additional oxidation of soot particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102385"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical reaction kinetics simulation study on heterogeneous reactions of nitrogen oxides generation characteristics during coal-biomass co-firing in fluidized bed boiler","authors":"Shi'en Liu,&nbsp;Pengbo Zhao,&nbsp;Liangxu Dai,&nbsp;Ke Liu,&nbsp;Jiamiao Liu,&nbsp;Yingchao Nie,&nbsp;Chang'an Wang,&nbsp;Defu Che","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal-biomass co-firing in fluidized bed boilers is a critical technology for the clean energy transition, but predicting and controlling its nitrogen oxide emissions remains challenging. Existing simulation studies often directly simplified coal into light gases, overlooking the differences between gas-solid heterogeneous reactions and homogeneous reactions. To address this limitation, a new heterogeneous reaction model for coal-biomass co-combustion in fluidized bed boiler was proposed. The model integrates char-related heterogeneous reactions, and reveals the multiple roles of char as both a primary combustion component and a significant NO_<em>x</em> reductant. The sensitivity analysis combined with rate-of-production (ROP) kinetics modeling was conducted to investigate the influences of multiple factors on the microscopic mechanisms for nitrogen oxides formation. The findings reveal that biomass co-firing reduces nitrogen oxide emissions. This is mainly attributed to the reductive atmosphere created by volatile substances in biomass fuel, which, alongside the direct reduction by char, inhibits NO formation. Increasing the primary air ratio rises NO_<em>x</em> emissions, while N₂O emissions exhibit a downward trend, reflecting the shifting balance between homogeneous oxidation and heterogeneous reduction pathways on char surfaces. The implementation of fuel-staging strategies contributes to reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. The sensitivity and ROP analyses indicate that the reductive free radicals have an impact on nitrogen oxides formation. The HNO radical could be a crucial intermediate for the net production of NO, while the N₂O mainly originates from both the homogeneous reduction of NO_<em>x</em> by NCO, and relevant heterogeneous routes. As more wheat straw is introduced into the dilute phase zone, the increased hydrocarbon content leads to the influence of CH_<em>i</em> and its oxygen-containing derivatives on nitrogen oxides generation. These findings, obtained under typical fluidized bed conditions (∼850 °C and air atmosphere), offer a theoretical foundation for optimizing NO_<em>x</em> control strategies in practical fluidized bed boilers utilizing coal-biomass co-firing, thereby contributing to the efficient and clean combustion processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102395"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis behaviors of coal under NH3-blending conditions and combustion kinetics of co-pyrolyzed char","authors":"Renjie Zou,&nbsp;Wencong Qiu,&nbsp;Guangqian Luo,&nbsp;Mingda Li,&nbsp;Yi Xiao,&nbsp;Chunhui Sun,&nbsp;Tianyu Zhao,&nbsp;Haoyu Zhang,&nbsp;Jinfeng Zhou,&nbsp;Xian Li,&nbsp;Hong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The retrofitting of traditional coal-fired power plants with ammonia co-combustion technology has the potential for rapidly reducing CO₂ emissions. This study investigated the pyrolysis behaviors of coal under NH₃-blending conditions and the combustion kinetics of co-pyrolyzed char. It was found that NH₃ inhibited the release of CO₂ and H₂ during the pyrolysis of coal. NH₃ and its fragments interacted with the char and caused the migration of hydrogen and nitrogen elements to the char. The formation of additional micropores in the co-pyrolyzed coal char resulted in an enhanced specific surface area. Combustion kinetics experiments were conducted using a micro-fluidized bed coupled with a mass spectrometer (MFB-MS). The early-stage reaction rate of the co-pyrolyzed char exhibited a notable increase. At pyrolysis temperatures of 900–1000 °C, the combustion reactivity of the co-pyrolyzed char was higher than that of the sole-pyrolyzed char. However, the promotion of NH₃ on the ordering of the carbon skeleton structure increased at 1200 °C, resulting in a reduction in char reactivity. The char pyrolyzed with a 5 % NH₃ concentration exhibited the optimal combustion reactivity. The activation energies of the co-pyrolyzed char ranged from 100.24 to 129.37 kJ/mol, which decreased by 9.41–38.98 kJ/mol compared with that of sole-pyrolyzed char.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102401"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic pretreatment tailoring biomass catalytic pyrolysis: Unraveling the synergy between physicochemical modification and reaction kinetics for sustainable biofuel production","authors":"Yongfei Li ,&nbsp;Nan An ,&nbsp;Hui Cao ,&nbsp;Zhibing Shen ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Ying Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing efficient biomass catalytic pyrolysis is pivotal for sustainable energy, yet recalcitrant lignocellulose structure hinders conversion efficiency. This study innovatively evaluates three chemical pretreatments (HNO₃, NaOH, H₂O₂) on diverse feedstocks (orange peels, walnut shells, wheat straw, wood chips, <em>Firmiana simplex</em> leaves) to elucidate their catalytic effects on pyrolysis behavior and kinetics. Through systematic characterization (elemental analysis, TG-DTG) and kinetic-thermodynamic modeling (Coats-Redfern method), we demonstrate that pretreatment selectively modifies biomass composition, thereby optimizing pyrolysis pathways. Based on the above research, we have obtained the following results: HNO₃ pretreatment maximizes hemicellulose/cellulose decomposition (up to 96.02 % weight loss for wood chips), reducing activation energy (Ea) by 49 % for wheat straw (60.32 → 30.80 kJ/mol) and lowering pyrolysis onset temperatures via glycosidic bond cleavage. NaOH treatment preferentially delignifies herbaceous biomass (wheat straw lignin removal: 35 %↑), increasing Ea by 21.5 % due to enhanced cellulose exposure, yet significantly boosts bio-oil precursor yield in active pyrolysis (200–400 °C). H₂O₂ oxidation promotes lignin depolymerization, shifting DTG peaks to lower temperatures (ΔT = −40 °C for walnut shells) and improving reaction entropy (ΔS↑ 25 % for <em>Firmiana simplex</em> leaves), facilitating volatile release. Thermodynamic analyses confirm reduced enthalpy (ΔH↓ 53.6 % for HNO₃-treated wheat straw) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG↓ 1.6 % for orange peels), indicating energetically favorable pyrolysis. Crucially, pretreatment reshapes biomass porosity and functional groups, augmenting catalytic accessibility during thermoconversion. This work provides a mechanistic framework for selecting pretreatment-catalysis synergies, advancing biomass valorization toward carbon–neutral energy. Our findings directly inform the design of integrated biorefineries for high-yield biofuel production, aligning with circular economy goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102388"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the combustion characteristics and pollutant properties of coal/ammonia/biomass co-combustion based on a 90 kW one-dimensional furnace","authors":"Jingwen Liu,&nbsp;Kunquan He,&nbsp;Qiwei Wu,&nbsp;Hao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the core paths to reduce carbon emissions globally is to promote the low-carbon transition of the traditional coal power industry, in which the co-firing of coal with zero-carbon fuels (e.g., biomass, ammonia) for power generation has become a key technology direction. This study conducted an experimental study of biomass and bituminous coal/ammonia at different co-firing ratios based on a 90 kW one-dimensional combustion furnace. The effects of different biomass proportions (0 %–30 %) on combustion temperature, flue gas composition, unburned carbon, and fly ash characteristics of coal and coal/ammonia ratio of 4:1 co-firing system were investigated. The study found that the addition of biomass in coal and coal/ammonia co-firing systems led to an increase in furnace temperature, while combustion stability exhibited slight fluctuations but remained within an acceptable range. As the biomass co-firing ratio increased from 0 % to 30 %, NO_x concentrations decreased from 429.6 ppm to 263.1 ppm in the coal-biomass system, and from 465.8 ppm to 395.0 ppm in the coal-ammonia-biomass system. Concurrently, SO₂ emissions exhibited a declining trend across both fuel combinations. The fuel burnout characteristics were improved. The particle size of fly ash decreased after the co-combustion of pulverized coal and ammonia, and the addition of biomass could improve this phenomenon, but it was more prone to ash and slagging. An investigation into the effect of air staging on pollutant emissions revealed that the coal/ammonia/biomass mixture achieved the lowest NO_x emissions at a 20 % air staging ratio. This study establishes the feasibility of coal/ammonia/biomass co-combustion, supplying supporting data for reducing both pollutant and carbon emissions from coal-fired units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102389"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation into the spray interaction and combustion characteristics of biodiesel/methanol dual-fuel sprays","authors":"Xiaolong Chang ,&nbsp;Jianbing Gao ,&nbsp;Zhenbin Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Wang ,&nbsp;Haibin He ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Erjiang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first systematic optical investigation of spray interaction and combustion characteristics in biodiesel/methanol dual-fuel direct injection system, conducted in a constant‐volume combustion chamber using Schlieren imaging. Individual biodiesel and methanol spray behaviors were first compared under non‐reactive conditions at injection pressures of 60, 80, and 100 MPa, revealing that biodiesel sprays exhibit longer penetration and narrower cone angles, whereas methanol sprays show finer atomization and wider dispersion. Dual‐spray collision and combustion characteristics were then analyzed by varying injection intervals (Δ<em>t</em>) and sequencing. Results indicate that increasing Δ<em>t</em> reduces spray penetration at 60 MPa while enhancing it at 100 MPa. Maximum spray area and lateral dispersion occurs at <em>Δt</em> = 1.0 ms; beyond this, spatial decoupling limits atomization efficiency. The collision length decreases with increasing Δ<em>t</em>, while collision width peaks at <em>Δt</em> = 1.0 ms. Methanol-first injection induced localized cooling due to its high latent heat, delaying biodiesel evaporation. In contrast, biodiesel-first injection produced a more cohesive initial spray, followed by rapid methanol dispersion, enhancing overall mixing and spray area. At 100 MPa, longer Δ<em>t</em> reduces spray overlap and interaction, while shorter intervals facilitate greater jet convergence and larger spray areas. Ignition consistently initiates at the spray interaction region, with flame morphology and luminosity strongly influenced by injection strategies. Methanol‐first strategies facilitates early ignition but suppresses subsequent biodiesel ignition due to the evaporative cooling, whereas biodiesel‐first strategies yield higher overall flame luminosity due to soot formation. This work provides new quantitative insights into how injection parameters affects dual-spray collision and combustion performance, offering practical guidance for optimizing injection strategies in renewable dual-fuel engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102396"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading of pyrolysis tire-derived oil through fractional condensation and subsequent oxidative desulphurisation","authors":"Adam J. Stander,&nbsp;Marisana A. Masha,&nbsp;George M. Teke,&nbsp;Somayeh Farzad,&nbsp;Johannes H. Knoetze,&nbsp;Cara E. Schwarz,&nbsp;Johann F. Görgens","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis of waste tire rubber produces three crude products: tire-derived oil (TDO), pyrolysis char and pyrolysis gas. While char and gas have diverse functional applications, crude TDO typically does not meet specifications for premium commercial fuel, due to its low quality and chemical heterogeneity. Hence, this study upgraded TDO to higher-quality fractions through a combination of thermal-desulphurization, fractional condensation of hot pyrolysis volatiles into three TDO fractions, and oxidative desulphurization (ODS). Key findings showed significant fractionation was achieved in the boiling point range of a typical crude TDO (54.41–246.23 °C), thereby separating from each other the light-cut (48.99–77.32 °C), medium-cut (74.98–225.25 °C), and heavy-cut (133.12–288.75 °C) fractions. The heaviest TDO fraction met all marine bunker oil specifications, except for sulphur content, while the medium TDO fraction met commercial diesel specifications except for flash point and sulphur content. The lightest TDO fraction would require several upgrading steps to meet the specifications of naphtha, kerosene and/or gasoline. Further decreases of 55, 62 and 48 % in the sulphur contents of the heavy, medium and light TDO fractions, respectively, could be achieved by a typical ODS combined with solvent extraction. However, further development of these processes for sulphur removal is required to meet specific commercial fuel standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102394"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}