Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献_第5页

Investigation of co-pyrolysis of ABS-derived electronic waste plastic and rice straw biomass over gallium-loaded zeolite catalysts: Effect of metal reduction-oxidation on BTEXs production 载镓沸石催化剂上abs衍生电子废塑料与稻草生物质共热解研究：金属还原氧化对btex生成的影响

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102422

Zhaofeng Song, Jiean Tan, Zifan Zhou

The plastics derived from electronic waste are predominantly composed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), a thermoplastic polymer capable of yielding aromatic hydrocarbons through thermochemical pyrolysis. Herein, the fast co-pyrolysis of laptop-derived plastic (LP) and rice straw (RS) was examined using various HZSM-5 (HZ) catalysts (SiO₂/Al₂O₃: 30, 50, and 280) at 550 °C. The results showed that styrene was a major co-pyrolysis compound due to the specific structure of LP. Herein, a large amount of BTEXs (53.5 × 10^7 MS peak area) was obtained while using the HZ-30 catalyst. However, only a 14.1 × 10^7 MS peak area of BTEXs was observed for the non-catalytic (non-cat) co-pyrolysis of LP/RS (1/1). The effect of 2 wt% Ga-loaded HZ-30 (GHZ) catalysts was also examined for the co-pyrolysis of LP/RS under in situ mode. The production of BTEXs was further improved to 85.87 × 10^7 MS peak area over the GHZ, highlighting the efficient activation of the catalyst, which generated new Lewis and Bronsted acidic sites. Additionally, a reduction-oxidation pretreated GHZ-30-(RO) was also tested for the same purpose, which exhibited excellent activity toward the production of BTEXs (94.8 × 10^7 MS peak area) with considerable consumption of styrene yields. The co-pyrolysis behaviour of GHZ-30 (RO) catalyst was systematically examined in both ex-situ and in-situ modes. Additionally, a lab-scale study was conducted to further enhance the quantification of BTEX yield. The catalytic reusability tests confirmed that GHZ-30 (RO) exhibits excellent durability during the co-pyrolysis of LP and RS.

从电子垃圾中提取的塑料主要由丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）组成，这是一种热塑性聚合物，能够通过热化学热解产生芳香烃。本文采用不同HZSM-5 （HZ）催化剂（SiO2/Al2O3: 30、50和280）在550℃下对笔记本衍生塑料（LP）和稻草（RS）的快速共热解进行了研究。结果表明，由于LP的特殊结构，苯乙烯是主要的共热解化合物。其中，使用HZ-30催化剂获得了大量的btex （53.5 × 10^7 MS峰面积）。而LP/RS非催化（非cat）共热解的btex峰面积仅为14.1 × 10^7 MS（1/1）。还考察了负载2wt % ga的HZ-30 （GHZ）催化剂在原位模式下对LP/RS共热解的影响。BTEXs的生成进一步提高到85.87 × 10^7 MS的GHZ峰面积，突出了催化剂的高效活化，产生了新的Lewis和Bronsted酸性位点。此外，还对还原-氧化预处理的GHZ-30-(RO)进行了同样的测试，结果表明，在消耗大量苯乙烯产率的情况下，该材料对btex的生产具有良好的活性（峰面积为94.8 × 10^7 MS）。系统地考察了GHZ-30 （RO）催化剂在原位和非原位模式下的共热解行为。此外，还进行了实验室规模的研究，以进一步提高BTEX产量的定量。催化重复使用性试验证实，GHZ-30 （RO）在LP和RS共热解过程中表现出优异的耐久性。

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引用次数: 0

A review of hydrogen dual-fuel combustion characteristics and emission properties 氢双燃料燃烧特性及排放特性综述

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102420

Jianbin Luo , Xiaojia Liang , Xiguang Liang , Tianqiang Liu , Bin Ma , Chunmei Jiang

Under the dual driving forces of global energy transition and carbon neutrality goals, the traditional fossil energy system is undergoing a strategic upgrade toward cleaner, low-carbon and diversified development. Hydrogen fuel, as a zero-carbon energy carrier, demonstrates significant potential and represents a crucial force driving fundamental transformation of the energy system. Firstly, this paper systematically reviews hydrogen's physicochemical properties, combustion characteristics, and mainstream hydrogen production pathways including fossil fuel reforming and renewable energy-based production. It provides detailed analysis of fundamental hydrogen combustion theories such as ignition delay time and laminar burning velocity, with particular emphasis on their critical roles in the design and performance optimization of internal combustion engines. Secondly, the paper further analyzes the chemical reaction mechanisms, combustion characteristics, and engine applications of hydrogen/ammonia and hydrogen/diesel in dual-fuel mode, highlighting that the synergistic use of dual fuels significantly improves thermal efficiency and reduces carbon emissions, while facing technical challenges like increased nitrogen oxide emissions. Additionally, based on the impact of dual-fuel combustion on emission characteristics, this paper examines NOx formation mechanisms and proposes two primary low NOx strategies: water injection and staged combustion, achieving effective NOx reduction while maintaining combustion efficiency. This paper also explores the impact of hydrogen addition on emissions of unburned HC, CO₂, CO, and PM. Finally, future research should focus on developing AI-powered models for accurate combustion prediction of hydrogen multi-fuels, optimizing in-cylinder processes through advanced injection and chamber design to ensure efficient combustion, and creating dedicated aftertreatment systems for these novel fuel blends. The paper summarizes existing research findings and provides perspectives on future research trends. The objective of this study is to provide valuable information for engineers and researchers interested in hydrogen dual-fuel combustion.

在全球能源转型和碳中和目标的双重驱动下，传统化石能源体系正在进行更清洁、低碳和多元化发展的战略升级。氢燃料作为一种零碳能源载体，潜力巨大，是推动能源体系根本性变革的重要力量。本文首先系统综述了氢的理化性质、燃烧特性以及化石燃料转化和可再生能源制氢等主流制氢途径。它详细分析了氢燃烧的基本理论，如点火延迟时间和层流燃烧速度，特别强调了它们在内燃机设计和性能优化中的关键作用。其次，本文进一步分析了双燃料模式下氢/氨和氢/柴油的化学反应机理、燃烧特性和发动机应用，强调双燃料协同使用可显著提高热效率和降低碳排放，但也面临氮氧化物排放增加等技术挑战。此外，基于双燃料燃烧对排放特性的影响，本文研究了NOx的形成机制，并提出了两种主要的低NOx策略：注水和分级燃烧，在保持燃烧效率的同时实现有效的NOx减排。本文还探讨了加氢对未燃烧HC、CO2、CO和PM排放的影响。最后，未来的研究应侧重于开发基于人工智能的模型，以准确预测氢燃料的燃烧，通过先进的喷射和燃烧室设计优化缸内过程，以确保有效燃烧，并为这些新型燃料混合物创建专用的后处理系统。本文总结了已有的研究成果，并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。本研究的目的是为对氢双燃料燃烧感兴趣的工程师和研究人员提供有价值的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced removal of unconventional pollutants by chemical agglomeration in a 600 MW coal-fired power unit 600 MW燃煤机组化学团聚法对非常规污染物的强化去除

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102425

Xiangzheng Cui , Xing Chuai , Daorong Sun , Rihong Xiao , Zhuo Xiong , Yongchun Zhao , Junying Zhang

To meet increasingly stringent environmental requirements, an efficient synergistic method known as “chemical agglomeration” has been developed for the removal of unconventional pollutants such as fine particles (<10 μm) and heavy metals. The first demonstration of a 600 MW coal-fired power plant has been carried out, the concentrations of PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ at the inlet of electrostatic precipitator decreased from 124.18 mg/m³, 359.48 mg/m³ and 947.71 mg/m³ to 85.56 mg/m³, 240.64 mg/m³ and 491.98 mg/m³, respectively. Compared to the original purification device, the PM₁₀ removal efficiency has been improved by 48.09 %. The concentrations of fine particulate Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, and Pb decreased by 8.49 %, 36.78 %, 44.55 %, 41.64 %, 31.82 %, 47.56 %, 36.24 %, 48.14 %, and 42.63 %, respectively. The concentration of total heavy metals exported by electrostatic precipitator has decreased by more than 35 %. The particle concentration decreased from 16.1 mg/m³ to 8.4 mg/m³ at the outlet of electrostatic precipitator. The final particle emission concentration in the flue gas was only 1.09 mg/m³, which below the world's strictest emission standards. The removal efficiency of particles by chemical agglomeration system synergistic wet flue gas desulphurization was as high as 93.23 %, far higher than that of wet electrostatic precipitator synergistic wet flue gas desulphurization (67.89 %). The mechanism by which chemical agglomeration enhances the removal of unconventional pollutants has been elucidated. This technology not only improves the capture of fine particles but also significantly increases the removal efficiency of heavy metals, thereby contributing to the development and innovation of control technologies for unconventional pollutants.

为了满足日益严格的环境要求，一种高效的协同方法被称为“化学团聚”，用于去除细颗粒（<10 μm）和重金属等非常规污染物。在某600mw燃煤电厂进行首次示范后，电除尘器进口PM1、PM2.5、PM10浓度分别从124.18 mg/m3、359.48 mg/m3、947.71 mg/m3降至85.56 mg/m3、240.64 mg/m3、491.98 mg/m3。与原有的净化装置相比，PM10的去除效率提高了48.09%。细颗粒物Cr、Mn、Co、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Cd和Pb浓度分别下降8.49%、36.78%、44.55%、41.64%、31.82%、47.56%、36.24%、48.14%和42.63%。经静电除尘器处理后，总重金属浓度降低35%以上。电除尘器出口颗粒浓度由16.1 mg/m3降至8.4 mg/m3。烟气中最终颗粒排放浓度仅为1.09 mg/m3，低于世界上最严格的排放标准。化学团聚系统协同湿法烟气脱硫的颗粒去除率高达93.23%，远高于湿式静电除尘器协同湿法烟气脱硫的67.89%。阐明了化学团聚增强非常规污染物去除的机理。该技术不仅提高了细颗粒的捕获，而且显著提高了重金属的去除效率，从而有助于非常规污染物控制技术的发展和创新。

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引用次数: 0

Different anions of potassium salts render distinct capability for creating pore structures in activation of cellulose and lignin 在纤维素和木质素活化过程中，不同的钾盐阴离子对形成孔隙结构的能力不同

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102423

Chao Li , Xiaojun Zheng , Jingyu Zhang , Guoming Gao , Yunyu Guo , Yuewen Shao , Shu Zhang , Tao Wei , Yi Wang , Xun Hu

Several potassium salts such as KOH, K₂C₂O_4, and K₂CO₃ are capable to activate biomass to form activated carbon (AC) with developed pore structures, but their different anions render their unique decomposition kinetics or pathways, affecting their capability for generating pores. Such differences were investigated herein by conducting the activation of cellulose and lignin at 800 °C. The results showed that KOH was superior to K₂C₂O₄ or K₂CO₃ for creating pore structures in activation of cellulose (1507.8 m²/g with KOH versus 1180.5 m²/g with K₂C₂O₄ or 1307.7 m²/g with K₂CO₃) or lignin (1109.1 versus 583.4 or 873.2 m²/g). This was due to rapidly releasing K⁺ and OH⁻ from KOH at lower temperature, which enhanced severity of cracking reactions, diminishing yields of AC (i.e. 10.3 % with KOH versus 18.1 % with K₂C₂O₄ in cellulose activation) as well as aliphatic organics and phenolics in bio-oil. K₂C₂O₄ and K₂CO₃ exhibited delayed K⁺ availability from their stepwise decomposition behaviors, suppressing early-stage cracking/gasification and forming higher yields of AC with limited pore development. In-situ IR revealed that KOH was more active in promoting dehydration/deoxygenation, while slow kinetics for K⁺ release from K₂C₂O₄/K₂CO₃ preserved more oxygen-containing functionalities in the resulting AC. Additionally, cellulose of aliphatic nature enabled superior potassium permeation, intensifying etching through synergistic cracking/gasification, forming AC of higher S_BET but lower yields than that from lignin of aromatic nature.

KOH、K2C2O4和K2CO3等几种钾盐都能激活生物质形成具有发达孔隙结构的活性炭（AC），但它们的阴离子不同，导致它们的分解动力学或途径不同，影响了它们生成孔隙的能力。本文通过在800℃下对纤维素和木质素进行活化来研究这些差异。结果表明，KOH对纤维素（1507.8 m2/g， K2C2O4为1180.5 m2/g， K2CO3为1307.7 m2/g）或木质素（1109.1 m2/g， K2C2O4为583.4 m2/g， K2CO3为873.2 m2/g）的活化孔隙结构的形成优于K2C2O4或K2CO3。这是由于在较低温度下KOH快速释放K+和OH−，这增加了裂解反应的严重程度，降低了AC的收率（即在纤维素活化中KOH为10.3%，而K2C2O4为18.1%）以及生物油中的脂肪族有机物和酚类物质。K2C2O4和K2CO3的分步分解行为延迟了K+可用性，抑制了早期裂解/气化，在有限孔隙发育的条件下形成了更高的AC收率。原位红外分析表明，KOH在促进脱水/脱氧过程中更活跃，而K2C2O4/K2CO3释放K+的缓慢动力学保留了AC中更多的含氧功能。此外，脂肪族纤维素具有更好的钾渗透能力，通过协同裂解/气化强化蚀刻，形成的AC比芳香性质的木质素具有更高的SBET，但产率较低。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of pyrolysis kinetic parameters and products of agroforestry residues: A study on corn stalk and poplar sawdust 农林业废弃物热解动力学参数及产物比较——以玉米秸秆和杨木木屑为研究对象

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102426

Shuaihua Guo , Zhiwei Wang , Wei Wang , Zhuo Chen , Xueqin Li , Hongxun Zhang , Tingzhou Lei

To achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, developing efficient energy conversion technologies for forestry and agricultural residues is a critical strategy for reconciling the tension between economic development and reducing fossil energy consumption while mitigating environmental pollution. This study employs thermogravimetric analysis and a pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to investigate the pyrolysis characteristics, kinetic behaviors, and product distribution of representative agroforestry residues, specifically poplar sawdust and corn stalk. The analysis reveals negligible differences in the volatile matter and fixed carbon content between poplar sawdust and corn stalk. However, when compared, corn stalk demonstrates a significantly higher ash content. Based on the mass conversion rate (α), the pyrolysis process of biomass can be categorized into three distinct stages: the initial stage (0 <α ≤ 0.1), the pyrolysis stage (0.1<α ≤ 0.9), and the final stage (0.9<α < 1). The thermogravimetric curves indicate that the fundamental pyrolysis of agroforestry residues is completed at 550 °C. The kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis stage (0.1<α ≤ 0.9) for poplar sawdust (42.40 kJ/mol) and poplar sawdust (39.34 kJ/mol) were calculated according to the Coats-Redfern model. The differences in pyrolysis stages and reactivity revealed by kinetic analysis provide a crucial link for understanding the distribution of products subsequently detected by Py-GC/MS. Furthermore, product analysis shows that differences in the products generated by the pyrolysis of the two materials primarily arise from their distinct chemical compositions. Specifically, poplar sawdust, being rich in lignin, yields higher concentrations of acids (27.43 %) and phenols (13.13 %), whereas corn stalk, which is abundant in hemicellulose and cellulose, produces greater quantities of ketones (33.34 %) and furans (16.67 %). These research findings offer mechanistic understanding of biomass reaction pathways, and reveal the correlations between feedstock composition and pyrolysis kinetic characteristics as well as product distribution, providing critical basis for targeted design of pyrolysis process parameters and optimization of product-oriented regulation strategies.

为了实现碳峰值和碳中和，开发有效的林业和农业废弃物能源转换技术是协调经济发展与减少化石能源消耗之间的紧张关系，同时减轻环境污染的关键战略。本研究采用热重分析法和热解仪结合气相色谱/质谱法研究了代表性农林业废弃物，特别是杨木锯末和玉米秸秆的热解特性、动力学行为和产物分布。分析表明，杨木木屑和玉米秸秆在挥发物和固定碳含量上的差异可以忽略不计。但是，玉米秸秆的灰分含量明显高于玉米秸秆。根据质量转化率（α），将生物质热解过程分为初始阶段（0 <α≤0.1）、热解阶段（0.1<α≤0.9）和末阶段（0.9<α < 1）三个阶段。热重曲线表明，农林业废弃物的基本热解在550℃完成。根据Coats-Redfern模型计算了杨木木屑（42.40 kJ/mol）和杨木木屑（39.34 kJ/mol）热解阶段的动力学参数（0.1<α≤0.9）。动力学分析揭示了热解阶段和反应性的差异，为了解随后通过Py-GC/MS检测到的产物分布提供了关键环节。此外，产物分析表明，两种材料热解产物的差异主要是由于它们的化学成分不同。具体来说，杨木木屑富含木质素，能产生更高浓度的酸（27.43%）和酚（13.13%），而玉米秸秆富含半纤维素和纤维素，能产生更多的酮（33.34%）和呋喃（16.67%）。这些研究结果为生物质的反应途径提供了机理认识，揭示了原料组成与热解动力学特征及产物分布之间的相关性，为有针对性地设计热解工艺参数和优化产品导向调控策略提供了重要依据。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing ammonia combustion: Study of laminar burning velocity, flame instability, and NOx emissions under oxygen-enriched conditions 强化氨燃烧：富氧条件下层流燃烧速度、火焰不稳定性和NOx排放的研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102424

Youliu Huang , Cangsu Xu , Yuntang Li , Hongwei Li , Zhihao Gu , Hongjian Deng , Francis Oppong , Xiaolu Li

This study aims to characterize the premixed combustion of ammonia, a promising zero-carbon fuel, under oxygen-enriched conditions to guide its application in clean energy systems. Laminar burning velocity (LBV) was measured using the constant pressure method of the spherically expanding flame across a range of oxygen concentrations (25 %, 30 %), equivalence ratios (0.8–1.2), initial temperatures (313–373 K), and pressures (1–3 bar). The results indicate that LBV is significantly enhanced under oxygen enriched conditions, with the promoting effect of oxygen enrichment being even more pronounced at higher pressures. The oxygen enriched condition accelerates the dominant reaction pathway NH₃ → NH₂ → NH → N → N₂, leading to increased NO_X emissions. However, high pressure reduces NO_X emissions by promoting NO consumption, while elevated temperature slightly increases NO_X formation. Emissions reach a minimum at an equivalence ratio of ϕ = 1.2. The combined analysis of LBV and emission characteristics confirms the feasibility of employing oxygen-enriched combustion strategies for ammonia in practical high-temperature and high-pressure applications. An increase in oxygen content, initial temperature, and initial pressure all reduce flame thickness and raise the adiabatic flame temperature, thereby intensifying hydrodynamic instability. Nevertheless, thermal diffusion stabilizes the flame surface front. Buoyancy instability becomes significant under low flame speeds and can be suppressed by high oxygen concentration, high temperature, and lean-fuel mixture conditions, whereas high pressure and rich mixtures promote its development. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for designing and optimizing future engine technologies using ammonia combustion, demonstrating how to balance high performance with low emissions and advancing the development of zero-carbon power technology.

本研究旨在对氨这种极具发展前景的零碳燃料在富氧条件下的预混合燃烧进行表征，以指导其在清洁能源系统中的应用。层流燃烧速度（LBV）采用恒压法，测量了在氧气浓度（25%,30%），当量比（0.8-1.2），初始温度（313-373 K）和压力（1-3 bar）范围内的球形膨胀火焰。结果表明，富氧条件下LBV明显增强，且富氧对LBV的促进作用在高压下更为明显。富氧条件加速了NH3→NH2→NH→N→N2的优势反应途径，导致NOX排放量增加。然而，高压通过促进NO消耗来减少NOX排放，而高温则略微增加NOX的形成。排放达到最小的等效比φ = 1.2。结合LBV和排放特性的分析，证实了在实际高温高压应用中采用富氧燃烧策略对氨的可行性。氧含量、初始温度和初始压力的增加都会减小火焰厚度，提高绝热火焰温度，从而加剧流体动力不稳定性。然而，热扩散稳定了火焰表面前缘。在低火焰速度下浮力不稳定性显著，在高氧浓度、高温和低燃料混合气条件下可以抑制浮力不稳定性，而高压和高燃料混合气则促进浮力不稳定性的发展。这些发现为设计和优化未来氨燃烧发动机技术提供了理论基础，展示了如何平衡高性能与低排放，推动零碳动力技术的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the synergistic mechanism of co-gasification of biochar and coal 生物炭与煤共气化协同机理研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102416

Qianqian Guo , Shuai Liu , Hongtao Liu , Xu Wang , Long Jiao , Yanjun Hu

The co-gasification of Shenmu bituminous coal (SM) blended with corn straw biochar (PC) was investigated in this study, with the aim of elucidating the influencing factors and interaction mechanisms involved in this process. The results showed that the co-gasification of PC with SM after pyrolysis achieved excellent gas production performance. However, excessively high pyrolysis temperatures (600 °C) resulted in reductions in the lower heating value (LHV) of the product gas, gasification efficiency, and gas yield. The high-temperature gasification environment not only promoted the conversion of volatiles from both PC and SM into gases such as CH₄, H₂, CO, and CO₂, but also enhanced reduction reactions including the water-gas shift reaction and the Boudouard reaction, resulting in a significant increase in the content of CO and H₂ in the syngas. The LHV and gasification efficiency of co-gasification using a 50 %SM+50 %PC400 blend were increased by 1.18 MJ/Nm³ and 21.69 %, respectively, compared to those using a 50 %SM+50 %PC600 blend. Characterization techniques such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and Raman spectroscopy, combined with the removal of active alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) from PC, elucidated the synergistic mechanism in SM/PC co-gasification. The disordered carbon structure of PC and the inherent AAEMs both influenced the co-gasification process of PC and SM, and each played an independent role. The presence of active AAEMs promoted the formation of more active sites on the char surface and disrupted the carbon layer structure of the coal char. These disordered carbon structures and increasing active sites collectively accelerated the gasification reaction rate, thereby enhancing gasification efficiency and gas yield.

以神木烟煤（SM）与玉米秸秆生物炭（PC）共气化为研究对象，探讨其影响因素及相互作用机理。结果表明，热解后PC与SM共气化取得了良好的产气性能。然而，过高的热解温度（600℃）会导致产物气的低热值（LHV）、气化效率和产气量降低。高温气化环境不仅促进了PC和SM挥发物向CH4、H2、CO和CO2等气体的转化，还增强了水煤气移位反应和Boudouard反应等还原反应，导致合成气中CO和H2含量显著增加。与使用50% SM+ 50% PC600的混合物相比，使用50% SM+ 50% PC400共气化的LHV和气化效率分别提高了1.18 MJ/Nm3和21.69%。brunauer - emmet - teller （BET）分析和Raman光谱等表征技术，结合PC中活性碱和碱土金属（AAEMs）的去除，阐明了SM/PC共气化的协同机理。PC的无序碳结构和固有的aaem都影响了PC和SM的共气化过程，并且各自发挥了独立的作用。活性aaem的存在促进了煤焦表面活性位点的形成，破坏了煤焦的碳层结构。这些无序的碳结构和活性位点的增加共同加速了气化反应的速度，从而提高了气化效率和产气量。

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引用次数: 0

Nitrogen-sulfur transport, products, and synergistic effects in co-pyrolysis of the CaO/K2FeO4 conditioned sludge and chlorella CaO/K2FeO4条件污泥与小球藻共热解过程中氮硫输运、产物及协同效应

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102421

Guiying Xu, Xiaoxuan Yang, Jie Zhang, Haojie Chen, Chunxia Zhao

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the synergistic mechanism and the impacts of co-pyrolysis between chlorella (CV) and CaO/K₂FeO₄ conditioned sludge (CSS) on the regulation of pollutants to be produced. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that there is a non-linear synergistic effect that occurs during their co-pyrolysis. The fitting of the Coats-Redfern kinetic model indicated that the activation energy (E_m) for pyrolysis decreased with decreasing CV content. This study demonstrated that the high reactivity of CSS significantly promotes CV pyrolysis. Experiments on pollutant release revealed that adding CSS most effectively reduced nitrogen- and sulfur-containing gas emissions at a 75 % loading, with the suppression being most apparent at this level. The analysis of pyrolysis products revealed that the co-pyrolyzed oil included reduced amounts of carboxylic acids and nitrogen-containing compounds, with the carboxylic acids and nitrogen-containing compounds amounting to 24.68 % and the latter to 7.66 %, respectively. This was the case when the CSS addition rate was 25 %. The purpose of this work is to present kinetic data and control mechanisms for the utilization of resources through the co-pyrolysis of microalgae and municipal sewage sludge.

本研究的目的是评价小球藻（CV）与CaO/K2FeO4条件污泥（CSS）共热解的协同机制及其对产生污染物的调控作用。热重分析表明，共热解过程中存在非线性协同效应。Coats-Redfern动力学模型的拟合表明，随着CV含量的降低，热解活化能Em降低。本研究表明，CSS的高反应性显著促进了CV的热解。污染物释放实验表明，添加CSS在75%负荷时最有效地减少含氮和含硫气体的排放，且在此水平下抑制效果最明显。热解产物分析表明，共热解油中羧酸和含氮化合物的含量均有所降低，羧酸和含氮化合物的含量分别为24.68%和7.66%。这是当CSS添加率为25%时的情况。本文旨在为微藻与城市污泥共热解资源利用提供动力学数据和控制机制。

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引用次数: 0

Coal-derived nanoparticles as nanofuel additives in combustion engines: Synthesis, characterization, and engine test 煤衍生的纳米颗粒在内燃机中作为纳米燃料添加剂：合成、表征和发动机试验

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102418

Abdülvahap Çakmak , Hakan Özcan

As demand for cleaner and more efficient engine combustion grows, metallic nanofuel additives have emerged as promising solutions due to their ability to enhance combustion performance and lower emissions. However, high production costs, restricted availability, and toxicity concerns limit their adoption in real-world applications. To address these challenges, this study investigates the use of coal nanoparticles (CNPs) as a novel fuel additive for diesel fuel in diesel engines, presenting findings that have not been previously reported in the literature. CNPs were synthesized through a mechanical wet ball milling process and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and particle size analysis. A milling duration of 6 h produced nearly spherical CNPs with an average particle size of 50 nm, which were then blended with diesel at concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 ppm. The fuel properties of the blends were measured, and engine tests were conducted on a four-stroke research diesel engine under various operating conditions. Results showed that among the concentrations, 300 ppm yielded the best outcomes, with a 3.58 % reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption and a 3.72 % increase in brake thermal efficiency compared to pure diesel. CNPs improved combustion by advancing cylinder pressure and net heat release rate while reducing total combustion duration. Also, HC, CO, and NO emissions decreased by up to 15.61 %, 35.22 %, and 20.28 %, respectively. However, smoke opacity increased by as much as 32.40 %. The findings indicate that CNPs can replace metallic nanoparticles, providing comparable improvements in engine combustion, performance, and emissions.

随着对更清洁、更高效的发动机燃烧需求的增长，金属纳米燃料添加剂因其提高燃烧性能和降低排放的能力而成为很有前途的解决方案。然而，高昂的生产成本、有限的可用性和毒性问题限制了它们在实际应用中的采用。为了解决这些挑战，本研究调查了煤纳米颗粒（CNPs）作为柴油发动机中柴油燃料的新型燃料添加剂的使用，并提出了以前未在文献中报道的研究结果。采用机械湿球磨法合成CNPs，并利用扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和粒度分析对其进行了表征。研磨时间为6小时，得到平均粒径为50纳米的近球形CNPs，然后将其与浓度为100、200和300 ppm的柴油混合。在一台四冲程研究用柴油机上进行了不同工况下的燃油性能测试。结果表明，与纯柴油相比，300 ppm产生的效果最好，制动专用油耗降低3.58%，制动热效率提高3.72%。CNPs通过提高气缸压力和净热释放率来改善燃烧，同时减少总燃烧持续时间。HC、CO和NO排放量分别下降15.61%、35.22%和20.28%。然而，烟雾浊度增加了32.40%。研究结果表明，CNPs可以取代金属纳米颗粒，在发动机燃烧、性能和排放方面提供类似的改善。

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引用次数: 0

Ni incorporation in Y-Fe-Al garnet oxygen carriers for enhanced chemical looping reforming of methane Y-Fe-Al石榴石氧载体中Ni的掺入促进甲烷化学环重整

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102415

Ruobing Wang , Hongli Zheng , Changfu You , Haiming Wang

Chemical looping reforming of methane (CLRM) is a promising technology for syngas production, offering efficient utilization of CH₄ to generate syngas with a desirable H₂/CO ratio for downstream applications. This study investigated the influence of Ni incorporation in Y-Fe-Al garnet-type oxygen carriers (OCs) in CLRM. The Ni_0.2-Y-Fe-Al OC demonstrated a pronounced enhancement in performance compared to its undoped counterpart, elevating the methane conversion from 66.6 % to 98.4 % and increasing the syngas yield from 5.79 to 8.38 mmol g⁻¹ at 850 °C. The incorporated Ni species introduced additional active sites for methane activation, enhanced surface basicity, and improved lattice oxygen mobility, which collectively facilitated the selective oxidation of methane to syngas, especially at low temperatures (<850 °C). Cyclic tests confirmed that Ni incorporation enhanced the redox stability and mitigated phase segregation, leading to sustained high reactivity over multiple cycles. In situ DRIFTS analysis verified that the fundamental reaction pathway, proceeding via the -CH₃→-CH₂→-CHO intermediates, remained unaltered after Ni addition. This work established that incorporating Ni in garnet-type OCs is an effective strategy for enhancing both redox activity and cyclic stability in CLRM systems.

甲烷化学环重整（CLRM）是一种很有前途的合成气生产技术，可以有效利用CH4生产具有理想H2/CO比的合成气供下游应用。本研究探讨了Ni掺入Y-Fe-Al石榴石型氧载体（OCs）对CLRM的影响。在850℃下，Ni0.2-Y-Fe-Al OC的甲烷转化率从66.6%提高到98.4%，合成气产率从5.79提高到8.38 mmol g−1，性能明显优于未掺杂的Ni0.2-Y-Fe-Al OC。加入的Ni为甲烷活化引入了额外的活性位点，增强了表面碱性，改善了晶格氧迁移率，这些共同促进了甲烷选择性氧化成合成气，特别是在低温（<850°C）下。循环测试证实，Ni的掺入增强了氧化还原稳定性，减轻了相偏析，从而在多次循环中保持了高反应性。原位漂移分析证实，Ni加入后，通过-CH3→-CH2→-CHO中间体进行的基本反应途径保持不变。本研究表明，在石榴石型OCs中加入Ni是提高CLRM系统氧化还原活性和循环稳定性的有效策略。

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引用次数: 0