Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献_第2页

Co-pyrolysis of waste plastics and tires: Influence of interaction on product oil and gas composition 废塑料和轮胎共热解：相互作用对产物油气组成的影响

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101908

Noof Alzahrani, Mohamad A. Nahil, Paul T. Williams

The co-pyrolysis of different waste plastics and tires was carried out to investigate the effect of their interaction during co-pyrolysis on the yield and composition of the product oils and gases. Different types of waste plastics, consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), were co-pyrolysed with the waste tires using a fixed bed batch pyrolysis reactor. The main gases produced from the individual plastics and tires were hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethene, propane, propene, butane, and butene, whereas PET produced mainly carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. GC/MS analysis of the product oil produced from tire pyrolysis were mostly aromatic compounds produced from the rubber components of the tire. For HDPE, LDPE and PP pyrolysis, the oil produced was of mainly aliphatic composition, PS pyrolysis gave a considerable portion of single ring aromatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds and PET formed mainly oxygenated compounds and aromatic compounds. Co-pyrolysis of the plastics and tires resulted in an increase in gas yield above what would be expected from feedstock addition, suggesting interaction between the feedstocks. Also, oil analysis of the co-pyrolysis oils indicated significant shifts in the oil composition. For the mixed tire with HDPE and LDPE, aliphatic compounds were increased above that expected from addition with lower yields of single ring and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In contrast, mixing tire with PP produced higher yields of aromatic hydrocarbons and lower yield of aliphatic and alicyclic compounds than expected from additive calculation. Mixing tire with PS produced higher than expected single ring aromatic compounds but lower yields of polycyclic aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons. For the tire-PET co-pyrolysis, the production of oxygenated compounds was decreased in comparison to the expected additive data.

以不同的废塑料和轮胎为研究对象，研究了它们在共热解过程中的相互作用对产物油和气体的产率和组成的影响。采用固定床间歇式热解反应器，对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）等不同类型的废塑料与废轮胎进行共热解。单个塑料和轮胎产生的主要气体是氢、甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、丙烷、丙烯、丁烷和丁烯，而PET产生的主要气体是二氧化碳和一氧化碳。气相色谱/质谱分析结果表明，轮胎热解产物油主要由轮胎橡胶组分产生的芳香族化合物组成。HDPE、LDPE和PP热解产物以脂肪族成分为主，PS热解产物以单环芳香族和多环芳香族化合物为主，PET热解产物以含氧化合物和芳香族化合物为主。塑料和轮胎的共热解导致气体产量的增加超过了原料添加的预期，这表明原料之间存在相互作用。此外，对共热解油的油分析表明，油的组成发生了显著变化。对于HDPE和LDPE混合轮胎，脂肪族化合物的增加高于预期，单环芳烃和多环芳烃的产率较低。与添加剂计算相比，轮胎与PP混合后芳香烃的产率较高，脂肪族和脂环族化合物的产率较低。轮胎与聚苯乙烯混合后，单环芳香烃的产率高于预期，而多环芳香烃和脂环烃的产率较低。对于轮胎- pet共热解，与预期的添加剂数据相比，含氧化合物的产量减少了。

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引用次数: 0

Oxygen updraft gasification of euro cotton banknotes waste for hydrogen-rich syngas production 利用氧气上升气流气化欧元棉钞废料以生产富氢合成气

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101906

Samy Yousef , Justas Eimontas , Kęstutis Zakarauskas , Nerijus Striūgas

Euro cotton banknote waste (BW) is one of the challenges that the EU region has recently sought vigorously to integrate into the circular economy and to encourage research and investment in its valorisation in order to preserve this sector and reduce its environmental risks. Within this framework, this research aims to study the possibility of treating BW using gasification process and converting it into hydrogen (H₂)-rich syngas. Gasification experiments were performed on euro banknote-based cotton waste that underwent pre-pelletizing treatment to produce uniform BW granules. The conversion process was carried out using a continuous updraft gasifier system with a capacity up to 1 kg/h in oxygen agent. To optimize the process and obtain ideal conditions that can release the maximum amount of H₂ into the synthesized gas, the experiments were conducted at different temperatures (700, 800, 900 °C) and air-fuel equivalence ratios (ER: 0.19, 0.24, 0.29). The syngas, tar, and soot gasification products were characterized using Gas chromatography, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that at 700 °C (ER = 0.24), the maximum syngas production rate (1.16 kg/h) with HHV 9.1 MJ/kg can be obtained together with production of 0.05 kg/h (tar) and 0.79 kg/h (soot). Meanwhile, the highest H₂ content (up to 19 %) was obtained at 900 °C (ER = 0.19) with less tar (0.01 kg/h) and soot (0.49 kg/h). Accordingly, BW treatment using the gasification process is a promising technology for its disposal, especially at a high temperature (900 °C) to convert it into H₂-rich syngas with smaller quantity of tar and soot components.

欧元棉钞废料（BW）是欧盟地区最近大力寻求将其纳入循环经济的挑战之一，并鼓励对其价值化进行研究和投资，以保护这一行业并降低其环境风险。在此框架下，本研究旨在研究使用气化工艺处理生物武器并将其转化为富含氢气（H2）的合成气的可能性。气化实验的对象是经过预造粒处理的欧元棉花废料，以生产出均匀的棉花废料颗粒。转化过程是使用连续上升气流气化炉系统进行的，该系统在氧气剂中的处理能力可达 1 公斤/小时。为了优化工艺并获得可在合成气中释放最大 H2 量的理想条件，实验在不同温度（700、800、900 °C）和空气-燃料当量比（ER：0.19、0.24、0.29）下进行。使用气相色谱法、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对合成气、焦油和烟尘气化产物进行了表征。结果表明，在 700 °C 条件下（ER = 0.24），合成气产量最高（1.16 kg/h），HHV 为 9.1 MJ/kg，焦油产量为 0.05 kg/h，烟尘产量为 0.79 kg/h。同时，在 900 °C 条件下（ER = 0.19），H2 含量最高（达 19%），焦油（0.01 千克/小时）和烟尘（0.49 千克/小时）产生量较少。因此，使用气化工艺处理生物武器是一种很有前景的处理技术，尤其是在高温（900 °C）条件下，可将其转化为富含 H2 的合成气，焦油和烟尘成分的数量也较少。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive performance investigation of inexpensive oxygen carrier in chemical looping gasification of coal 煤化学循环气化中廉价氧载体的综合性能研究

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101899

Yanan Wang , Jiawei Zhou , Jun Hu , Haibo Zhao

Coal chemical looping gasification (CLG) using inexpensive oxygen carrier (OC) is a promising technology to obtain H₂-rich syngas, and the OCs of copper/iron ore composite with an autothermal capability and red mud have been screened as the potential candidates in our previous investigation. However, the detailed synergetic effect between copper ore and iron ore, and the effect of reaction conditions on syngas production at different reactor scales are still unclear. In this work, the synergetic effect between copper ore and iron ore in composite OCs with different mixing ratios are detailedly investigated through H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) tests. The results indicate that the copper ore addition can contribute the reduction of iron ore and form a new phase of CuFe₂O₄ between CuO in the copper ore and Fe₂O₃ in the iron ore, meanwhile observing the composite OC of Cu20Fe80@C generating a stronger synergetic effect in comparison to adjencent OCs. Moreover, the optimization of reaction conditions are conducted in a batch fluidized bed reactor (BFBR) by regulating the temperature, oxygen to fuel (O/F) ratio, and steam concentration for the Cu20Fe80@C and red mud OCs. It is found that a higher temperature is conducive to improving the coal conversion and syngas yield on the whole, but not the H₂-rich syngas production. While a lower O/F ratio favors the preparation of H₂-rich syngas, and the optimal steam concentration is determined as 50 vol% for both OCs under comprehensive consideration of gasification time, syngas yield and heating cost. Additionally, the copper/iron ore composite OC with excellent CLG performance and bed stability is further confirmed in a semi-continuous fluidized bed reactor (SFBR), which shows the effects of temperature and O/F ratio on syngas production similar to those in BFBR. In summary, the promising copper/iron ore composite OC exhibits good adjustability and adaptability for CLG process in terms of reaction conditions and reactor scales, respectively.

使用廉价的氧载体（OC）进行煤化学循环气化（CLG）是一种获得富含 H2- 合成气的有前途的技术。然而，铜矿与铁矿之间的详细协同效应以及不同反应器规模下反应条件对合成气产量的影响仍不清楚。本研究通过 H2 温度编程还原（TPR）试验详细研究了铜矿石和铁矿石在不同混合比的复合 OC 中的协同效应。结果表明，铜矿石的加入可以促进铁矿石的还原，并在铜矿石中的 CuO 和铁矿石中的 Fe2O3 之间形成新的 CuFe2O4 相，同时观察到 Cu20Fe80@C 的复合 OC 与邻近的 OC 相比产生了更强的协同效应。此外，在间歇式流化床反应器（BFBR）中，通过调节 Cu20Fe80@C 和赤泥 OC 的温度、氧/燃料（O/F）比和蒸汽浓度，对反应条件进行了优化。研究发现，较高的温度有利于提高煤炭转化率和合成气产量，但不利于提高富含 H2- 的合成气产量。在综合考虑气化时间、合成气产量和加热成本的情况下，两种 OC 的最佳蒸汽浓度均为 50vol%。此外，在半连续流化床反应器（SFBR）中进一步证实了铜/铁矿石复合 OC 具有优异的 CLG 性能和床层稳定性，其温度和 O/F 比对合成气产量的影响与 BFBR 相似。总之，前景广阔的铜/铁矿石复合 OC 在反应条件和反应器规模方面分别表现出良好的可调性和适应性，适用于 CLG 工艺。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic recovery of renewable hydrocarbon resources via co-pyrolysis of non-edible linseed and waste polypropylene: A study on influence of plastic on oil production and their utilization as a fuel for IC engine 通过非食用亚麻籽和废聚丙烯的共热解协同回收可再生碳氢化合物资源：塑料对石油生产的影响及其用作集成电路发动机燃料的研究

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101905

S. Mehanathan , P. Madhu , C. Sowmya Dhanalakshmi , R. Vijayakumar

This study looked into the co-pyrolysis of linseed and polypropylene to produce pyrolysis oil as a fossil fuel substitute for IC engines. The outcomes showed positive synergistic benefits on oil yield from co-pyrolysis as compared to the pyrolysis of individual components. Initially, the study investigated the effect on polypropylene during co-pyrolysis with linseed at temperatures between 350 °C and 650 °C under different blend ratios. The maximum oil yields for the pyrolysis of linseed and polypropylene obtained were 61.1 wt% and 73.6 wt%, respectively, whereas the maximum positive synergy on oil yield was 6.2 % at 2:3 blend ratio. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and physical characteristics were used to further evaluate the pyrolysis oil produced at maximum synergy. It was found that the oil had a higher calorific value of 43.09 MJ/kg, which was fairly close to fossil diesel. For engine analysis, eight different blends containing pyrolysis oil and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were prepared and named PyroD20 (20 % co-pyrolysis oil + 80 % diesel), PyroD40, PyroD50, PyroD20@20 (PyroD20 + 20 ppm GO), PyroD20@40, PyroD20@60, PyroD20@80, and PyroD20@100. After that, an engine test was conducted on the blended fuels to compare them to the baseline diesel fuel (D). At maximum load, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for PyroD20 and PyroD20@60 was found to be 37.2 % and 37.8 %, respectively, which was 6.0 % and 7.8 % higher than those of D. The brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for PyroD20 and PyroD20@60 was reduced by up to 22.0 % and 22.7 %, respectively, compared to D. With the use of PyroD20@60, the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke were reduced by up to 27.0 %, 7.3 %, and 21.2 %, respectively. The produced renewable liquid oil may certainly be used in blends with conventional diesel for IC engine operation.

这项研究探讨了亚麻籽和聚丙烯的联合热解，以生产热解油，作为集成电路发动机的化石燃料替代品。研究结果表明，与单独热解亚麻籽和聚丙烯相比，联合热解对产油量具有积极的协同效益。首先，研究调查了在 350 °C 至 650 °C 的温度下，亚麻籽在不同混合比例下进行共热解时对聚丙烯的影响。亚麻籽和聚丙烯热解获得的最大油产率分别为 61.1 wt% 和 73.6 wt%，而当混合比为 2:3 时，油产率的最大正协同效应为 6.2%。傅立叶变换红外光谱法（FT-IR）、气相色谱质谱法（GC-MS）和物理特性被用来进一步评估在最大协同作用下产生的热解油。结果发现，这种油的热值较高，为 43.09 兆焦/千克，与化石柴油相当接近。为进行发动机分析，制备了八种不同的含热解油和氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米颗粒的混合物，分别命名为 PyroD20（20 % 共热解油 + 80 % 柴油）、PyroD40、PyroD50、PyroD20@20（PyroD20 + 20 ppm GO）、PyroD20@40、PyroD20@60、PyroD20@80 和 PyroD20@100。随后，对混合燃料进行了发动机测试，以将它们与基准柴油（D）进行比较。在最大负荷下，PyroD20 和 PyroD20@60 的制动热效率（BTE）分别为 37.2 % 和 37.8 %，比 D 高 6.0 % 和 7.8 %。使用 PyroD20@60 后，一氧化碳 (CO)、碳氢化合物 (HC) 和烟的排放量分别减少了 27.0%、7.3% 和 21.2%。生产出的可再生液态油可以与传统柴油混合使用，用于集成电路发动机的运行。

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引用次数: 0

Cerium-induced modification of acid-base sites in Ni-zeolite catalysts for improved dry reforming of methane 铈诱导的镍沸石催化剂酸碱位点改性用于改进甲烷的干转化

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101901

Abdulrahman bin Jumah , Marie-Nour Kaydouh , Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh , Mohammed O. Bayazed , Anis H. Fakeeha , Ahmed A. Ibrahim , Ahmed E. Abasaeed , Kirankumar J. Chaudhary , Nissrine El Hassan

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising route to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by converting CH₄ and CO₂ into valuable syngas. The present work explores the effect of Ce addition to Ni-based catalysts supported on CBV3020E (ZSM-5) for DRM. The use of Ce as a promoter to tune the acid-base properties of zeolites for DRM is addressed for the first time in detail. While Ce has traditionally been used to improve oxygen storage capacity, this work explores its novel use as a means to enhance surface basicity and promote CO₂ adsorption. The samples were prepared by wet impregnation, characterized using N₂-sorption, X-ray diffraction, H₂-temperature-programmed reduction, temperature-programmed desorption of CO₂ and ammonia, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and tested for DRM at 800 °C and 42,000 mL/g.h GHSV. Results show that ZSM-5 zeolite can be beneficial in achieving high metal dispersion. The introduction of 2 wt% Ce to Ni₅/ZSM-5 increases the concentration of strong basic sites, resulting in improved catalytic performance from 37 % CH₄ conversion and 48 % CO₂ conversion for Ni₅/ZSM-5 to 55 % and 65 % on promoted Ni₅Ce₂/ZSM-5, respectively. Thus, the best results are observed on Ni₅Ce₂/ZSM-5 and an optimal H₂/CO ratio of 0.84 is achieved in this case. Upon decreasing GHSV to 15,000 mL/g.h, CH₄ and CO₂ conversions jump to 83 % and 88 %, respectively on Ni₅Ce₂/ZSM-5. Cerium doping produces more desirable strong basic sites and enhances NiO reducibility. This promotes CO₂ adsorption and drives the catalytic reaction towards syngas formation, which eventually results in increased efficiency and improved performance.

甲烷干重整（DRM）是通过将 CH4 和 CO2 转化为有价值的合成气来减少温室气体排放的一条可行途径。本研究探讨了在以 CBV3020E（ZSM-5）为载体的镍基催化剂中添加 Ce 对 DRM 的影响。本研究首次详细探讨了如何使用 Ce 作为促进剂来调整用于 DRM 的沸石的酸碱特性。虽然 Ce 传统上一直被用于提高氧气储存能力，但这项研究探索了将其用作提高表面碱性和促进二氧化碳吸附的新方法。样品通过湿法浸渍制备，使用 N2 吸附、X 射线衍射、H2 温度编程还原、CO2 和氨的温度编程解吸以及傅立叶变换红外光谱进行表征，并在 800 °C 和 42,000 mL/g.h GHSV 条件下进行 DRM 测试。结果表明，ZSM-5 沸石有利于实现高金属分散。在 Ni5/ZSM-5 中引入 2 wt% 的 Ce 可提高强碱性位点的浓度，从而改善催化性能，使 Ni5/ZSM-5 的 CH4 转化率和 CO2 转化率分别从 37% 和 48% 提高到 55% 和 65%。因此，Ni5Ce2/ZSM-5 的效果最好，最佳 H2/CO 比率为 0.84。当 GHSV 降至 15,000 mL/g.h 时，Ni5Ce2/ZSM-5 上的 CH4 和 CO2 转化率分别跃升至 83 % 和 88 %。铈掺杂产生了更多理想的强碱性位点，提高了氧化镍的还原性。这促进了二氧化碳的吸附，并推动催化反应向合成气形成的方向发展，最终提高了效率和性能。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetics, response surface methodology, and regeneration studies of MOF-derived Ni-Ce catalyst for dry reforming of methane 用于甲烷干重整的 MOF 衍生 Ni-Ce 催化剂的动力学、响应面方法和再生研究

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101898

Ruth D. Alli, Nima Ghafarvand, Mohammad H. Sedghkerdar, Nader Mahinpey

The MOF-derived bimetallic Ni-Ce catalyst was studied under three major headings: kinetics, stability and regeneration, and response surface methodology (RSM). The impact of reaction temperature and inlet gas flowrate on H₂/CO, CO₂ and CH₄ conversions in DRM were determined by using RSM and design of experiment (DOE). Optimal values, determined through RSM evaluation, revealed CO₂ and CH₄ conversions and H₂/CO ratio of 99 %, 96 %, and 0.98, respectively, achieved at a reaction temperature of 793 °C and an inlet flowrate of 0.03 mol/h. Furthermore, the kinetic assessment was evaluated using six kinetic models, with reversible Langmuir Hinshelwood and Power law models identified as the best fits. Also, the stability and 2-cycle regeneration analysis at 700 °C, 0.033 mol/h inlet gas flowrate, and a 1:1 CH₄:CO₂ ratio, showed the MOF-derived Ni-Ce catalyst stability and better regeneration was observed under CO₂ compared to air, as air regeneration caused a higher degree of sintering on the catalyst than CO₂ regeneration.

研究从 MOF 衍生的双金属 Ni-Ce 催化剂的三个主要方面：动力学、稳定性和再生以及响应面方法 (RSM)。利用 RSM 和实验设计 (DOE) 确定了反应温度和入口气体流速对 DRM 中 H2/CO、CO2 和 CH4 转化率的影响。通过 RSM 评估确定的最佳值显示，在反应温度为 793 °C 和入口流量为 0.03 mol/h 时，CO2 和 CH4 转化率以及 H2/CO 比率分别为 99 %、96 % 和 0.98。此外，还使用六种动力学模型对动力学进行了评估，结果表明可逆的朗缪尔-钦谢伍德模型和幂律模型最符合要求。此外，在 700 °C、0.033 mol/h 入口气体流速和 1:1 CH4:CO2 比率条件下进行的稳定性和 2 周期再生分析表明，MOF 衍生的 Ni-Ce 催化剂具有稳定性，与空气相比，在 CO₂ 条件下再生效果更好，因为与 CO₂ 再生相比，空气再生会导致催化剂烧结程度更高。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of ignition and activation energy distribution on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-ammonia-natural gas engines 点火和活化能分布对柴油-氨-天然气发动机燃烧和排放特性的影响

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101903

Qingyang Ma, Jiayong Wang, Shouying Jin, Minshuo Shi

To enhance the performance and reduce emissions of ammonia-diesel engines, natural gas is employed as a partial substitute for diesel fuel. This substitution accelerates the combustion rate of ammonia fuel, resulting in improved engine efficiency and decreased emissions. This study investigates how variations in ignition energy (diesel quantity) and activation energy (natural gas quantity) distribution ratios affect engine combustion and emission characteristics through simulation. The study established six groups of operating conditions, with ignition energy ranging from 24 mg to 4 mg. The findings indicate that substituting part of the ignition energy with activation energy enhances the combustion efficiency of ammonia, increases the engine's indicated thermal efficiency and reduces ammonia slip. The optimal operating condition identified in this study is D16/N8, yielding a thermal efficiency of 51.0 %. Compared to the case without natural gas addition, NOx emissions increased, while other pollutants showed significant reductions. In particular, N₂O emissions decreased by 97 %, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions dropped by 57.2 %, ammonia slip was nearly eliminated, and unburned losses were minimal. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for further enhancing efficiency and reducing emissions in ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engines.

为了提高氨-柴油发动机的性能并减少排放，天然气被用作柴油燃料的部分替代品。这种替代可加快氨燃料的燃烧速度，从而提高发动机效率并减少排放。本研究通过模拟研究了点火能量（柴油量）和活化能（天然气量）分配比例的变化如何影响发动机的燃烧和排放特性。研究设定了六组工作条件，点火能量从 24 毫克到 4 毫克不等。研究结果表明，用活化能替代部分点火能可提高氨的燃烧效率，提高发动机的指示热效率并减少氨滑移。本研究确定的最佳运行条件为 D16/N8，热效率为 51.0%。与不添加天然气的情况相比，氮氧化物的排放量有所增加，而其他污染物则显著减少。其中，一氧化二氮的排放量减少了 97%，温室气体（GHG）的排放量减少了 57.2%，氨滑移几乎消除，未燃烧损失极小。这项研究成果为进一步提高氨-柴油双燃料发动机的效率和减少排放提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Optical diagnosis on combustion characteristics and flame development process of Fischer-Tropsch diesel/biodiesel blends 对费托柴油/生物柴油混合物燃烧特性和火焰发展过程的光学诊断

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101900

Wanchen Sun , Wenpeng Zeng , Liang Guo , Hao Zhang , Shaodian Lin , Genan Zhu , Mengqi Jiang , Changyou Yu

Taking advantage of the complementary physicochemical properties of biodiesel and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel, the use of FT diesel/biodiesel blends can potentially overcome the limitations of biodiesel and improve engine performance. In this study, the combustion and flame development characteristics of FT diesel/biodiesel blends at different loads and injection pressures were investigated on an optical engine. The results show that blending FT diesel with biodiesel reduces ignition delay (ID), improves fuel atomization, and increases indicative thermal efficiency by 2 %–4 % at 50 % FT diesel blending ratio (FT50) compared to pure biodiesel. At low and middle loads, blending FT diesel with biodiesel decreases fuel-bound oxygen concentration, increasing in-cylinder temperature and promoting soot generation. At high load, blending FT diesel with biodiesel promotes fuel atomization and evaporation, which restrains soot generation. Furthermore, increasing injection pressure can reduce local fuel-rich zones, and increase the combustion speed and thermal efficiency while suppressing soot generation. The greater the proportion of FT diesel, the more obvious its improvement in combustion. Specifically, FT50 increases indicative thermal efficiency by 2.3 % at an injection pressure of 140 MPa compared to 80 MPa.

利用生物柴油和费托（FT）柴油互补的物理化学特性，使用费托柴油/生物柴油混合物有可能克服生物柴油的局限性并改善发动机性能。本研究在光学发动机上研究了不同负荷和喷射压力下 FT 柴油/生物柴油混合物的燃烧和火焰发展特性。结果表明，与纯生物柴油相比，调和比例为 50%（FT50）的调和柴油可减少点火延迟（ID），改善燃料雾化，并将指示性热效率提高 2%-4%。在低负荷和中负荷时，将 FT 柴油与生物柴油混合会降低燃料中的氧气浓度，从而增加缸内温度并促进烟尘生成。在高负荷下，将矿物柴油与生物柴油混合可促进燃油雾化和蒸发，从而抑制烟尘的产生。此外，增加喷射压力可以减少局部富油区，提高燃烧速度和热效率，同时抑制烟尘生成。FT 柴油的比例越大，对燃烧的改善越明显。具体而言，在 140 兆帕的喷射压力下，FT50 的指示性热效率比 80 兆帕提高了 2.3%。

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引用次数: 0

Interaction evolution and N product distribution during biomass co-pyrolysis for endogenous N-doping bio-carbon 内源N掺杂生物炭在生物质共热解过程中的相互作用演化与N产物分布

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101902

Taipeng Mao , Zhenyu Liu , Xiaodong Zhang , Hongqing Feng , Yuanbo Huang , Ying Xu , Xuebin Lin , Jianming Zheng , Zhijie Chen

N-doping carbon material finds intriguing applications in electrochemistry, photochemistry, catalysis and adsorption scenarios. However, the conversion process of N-doping biochar from endogenous N biomass sources remains obscure. To gain deeper insights into the pyrolysis process and N element migration patterns of blended biomass feedstock, this study investigated the pyrolysis of selected biomass polymers using cellulose and chitin as representative nitrogen-free and nitrogen-containing polymers, respectively. Phenylalanine, a typical amino acid with high content in protein, was selected to investigate the influence of protein on cellulose and chitin conversion. Special attention was given to the presence and transformation patterns of N components during co-pyrolysis, with related possible co-pyrolysis mechanisms explored based on research findings. The results showed that the co-pyrolysis of phenylalanine with cellulose/chitin exhibited significant interactive effects, characterized by promotion in reaction kinetics and integration of N content in biochar, especially in the case of N-deficient cellulose. The interaction between pyrolysis products from phenylalanine and cellulose/chitin significantly changed the constituent of volatiles from pyrolysis with increased hydrocarbon content and reduced oxygenated content. And higher temperature and excess phenylalanine addition increased the variety of organic-N compounds, while amines, amides and quinolines consistently displayed high selectivity. The results provided theoretical and data references for high performance N-doping biochar production and low nitrogen emissions from natural blended biomass through thermal conversion.

n掺杂碳材料在电化学、光化学、催化和吸附等领域有着广泛的应用。然而，从内源N生物量来源中掺杂N的生物炭转化过程尚不清楚。为了更深入地了解混合生物质原料的热解过程和N元素迁移模式，本研究以纤维素和几丁质为代表的无氮和含氮聚合物分别对生物质聚合物的热解进行了研究。以蛋白质中含量高的苯丙氨酸为研究对象，研究了蛋白质对纤维素和几丁质转化的影响。重点关注共热解过程中N组分的存在和转化规律，并根据研究结果探索可能的共热解机制。结果表明，苯丙氨酸与纤维素/几丁质共热解表现出显著的交互作用，其特征是促进反应动力学和生物炭中N含量的整合，特别是在缺氮纤维素的情况下。苯丙氨酸热解产物与纤维素/几丁质的相互作用显著改变了热解产物中挥发物的组成，烃含量增加，含氧含量降低。较高的温度和过量的苯丙氨酸添加增加了有机n化合物的多样性，而胺类、酰胺类和喹啉类始终表现出高选择性。研究结果为天然混合生物质热转化制备高性能n掺杂生物炭和低氮排放提供了理论和数据参考。

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引用次数: 0

Turbulent jet development of active pre-chamber fueled with zero-carbon fuel blends 使用零碳混合燃料的主动式前置腔的湍流喷射发展

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101881

Xinpeng Guo , Tie Li , Run Chen , Ning Wang , Shuai Huang , Xinyi Zhou , Shiyan Li , Ping Yi

Active pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition has the potential to enhance the combustion of low-reactivity fuels. However, the related fundamental studies on the jet ignition mechanism are inadequate, especially for the independent effects of the zero-carbon fuel blends on the jet development characteristics, isolating the impact of the main chamber combustion. In this work, the effects of the fuel compositions ranged from the 30%H₂+70%NH₃ blend to pure H₂ and also comprised the pure CH₄ for comparison and the initial pressures in the pre-chamber are studied by the two-pass high-speed Schlieren method. The results show that the hot turbulent jet developments present great differences for the pre-chamber charged with various H₂+NH₃ blends across the hydrogen blend ratios varying from 30 % to 100 % in volumetric fraction. Moreover, the evolutions of the hot turbulent jet from the pre-chamber charged with the 50%H₂+50%NH₃ blend and pure CH₄ are similar. As the initial pressure increases, there is a gradual deceleration in the development of the pre-chamber jet, and the turbulent jet development characteristics depend on the pressure ratio rather than the pressure difference across the pre-chamber and main chamber. This study could provide important insights for the development of zero-carbon fuel engines.

主动式前室湍流喷射点火具有增强低反应燃料燃烧的潜力。然而，对射流点火机理的相关基础研究并不充分，尤其是对零碳燃料混合物对射流发展特性的独立影响研究不足，无法隔离主腔燃烧的影响。在这项工作中，采用双通道高速 Schlieren 方法研究了从 30%H2+70%NH3 混合燃料到纯 H2 的燃料成分的影响，还包括纯 CH4 的影响以进行比较，并研究了前腔的初始压力。结果表明，在充入各种 H2+NH3 混合物的预室中，热湍流射流的发展在氢气混合物的体积分数比例从 30% 到 100% 之间存在很大差异。此外，充入 50%H2+50%NH3 混合物和纯 CH4 的前置室的热湍流射流的演变过程相似。随着初始压力的增加，前室射流的发展速度逐渐减慢，湍流射流的发展特征取决于压力比，而不是前室和主室之间的压力差。这项研究可为零碳燃料发动机的开发提供重要启示。

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引用次数: 0