Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献_第2页

Effect of CaO on the product distribution and S/N migration and transformation during oily sludge pyrolysis CaO对含油污泥热解产物分布及S/N迁移转化的影响

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102444

Jinling Li , Geyu Wu , Fang Miao , Bo Yang , Chengtun Qu , Tao Yu , Feng Zhang

As an inevitable by-product of petroleum production, oily sludge poses significant environmental risks and considerable resource potential. To improve the utilization of oily sludge and reduce its environmental impact, the effects of CaO on the pyrolysis behavior and product characteristics of simulated oily sludge were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and a fixed-bed reactor. The special attention was focused on the migration and transformation of sulfur and nitrogen during the pyrolysis process. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters derived from the Starink, FWO, and KAS methods showed that CaO reduced the activation energy of the process. Both ΔH and ΔG increased with the conversion degree (α) and were positive, while ΔS changed from negative to positive, and all of them suggested that the reaction activity was enhanced. With the increase of CaO addition, the yield of char increased, whereas the yields of oil and gas decreased. At an addition of 8 wt% CaO, the maximum of aromatic hydrocarbons was 16.45 %, and the relative contents of H₂, CO, and CH₄ in the gas phase were 18.60 vol%, 1.68 vol%, and 26.87 vol%, respectively. During the pyrolysis, CaO interacted with H₂S, SO₂, and other S species, forming CaS, some amounts of CaSO_3, and CaSO₄ to immobilize sulfur in char and reduce its release into the gas phase. On the contrary, the distribution of nitrogen in char, oil, and gas only had a slight change, as CaO primarily facilitated the interconversion of N-containing species without demonstrating strong N-fixing capabilities.

含油污泥作为石油生产过程中不可避免的副产物，具有重大的环境风险和巨大的资源潜力。为了提高含油污泥的利用率，减少含油污泥对环境的影响，采用热重分析法和固定床反应器研究了CaO对模拟含油污泥热解行为和产物特性的影响。重点研究了热解过程中硫、氮的迁移转化过程。Starink、FWO和KAS方法得出的动力学和热力学参数表明，CaO降低了该过程的活化能。ΔH和ΔG均随转化率（α）的增加而增加，为正，ΔS由负变为正，均表明反应活性增强。随着CaO添加量的增加，炭产率增加，油气产率降低。当CaO添加量为8 wt%时，芳烃的最大含量为16.45%，气相中H2、CO和CH4的相对含量分别为18.60 vol%、1.68 vol%和26.87 vol%。在热解过程中，CaO与H2S、SO2和其他S种相互作用，生成CaS、一定量的CaSO3和CaSO4，将硫固定在炭中，减少其释放到气相。相反，炭、油和气中氮的分布变化不大，因为CaO主要促进了含氮物种的相互转化，没有表现出很强的固氮能力。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrocarbon-rich oils from subbituminous coal via facilitated hydrocracking over a tailored Zr@Co/C600 core-shell catalyst 在特制的Zr@Co/C600核壳催化剂上，通过促进加氢裂化从亚烟煤中提取富碳氢油

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102451

Cheng-Du Guan , Yong-Chao Qi , Zhong-Hao Jiang , Ai-Min Wang , Ni Bai , Jin-Zhong Chen , Ai-Rong Mao , Zi-Long Zhao , Lin Lang , Jian Wei , Jin-Xi Wang , Jin-Jun Bai

The production of hydrocarbon-rich oil from low-rank coal via catalytic hydrocracking holds significant potential for applications in fuel production, chemical feedstock, and energy storage and conversion. However, enhancing the yield of derived oil while maximizing heteroatom removal to increase the proportion of hydrocarbons remains a major challenge. To address this, we developed a magnetic Zr@Co/C₆₀₀ catalyst with a core-shell structure, where ZIF-67-derived cobalt is uniformly dispersed on a nitrogen-doped porous carbon matrix as the core, and ZrO₂ serves as the protective shell. This catalyst exhibits a high specific surface area, well-defined mesoporous architecture, abundant acid sites (particularly strong acidic sites), and multiple active species containing nitrogen, oxygen, and cobalt. It demonstrates superior performance in cleaving > C–O– bridge bonds and removing heteroatoms. Moreover, the core-shell design effectively prevents the aggregation and leaching of active components, ensuring structural stability and sustained catalytic activity over five reuse cycles. DFT calculations reveal the energy barriers associated with the transition states of benzyloxybenzene reactions involving various active hydrogen species, offering theoretical support for elucidating the catalytic hydrogenation reaction mechanism. When applied to the catalytic hydrocracking of Xiwan subbituminous coal, the Zr@Co/C₆₀₀ catalyst increases the yield of soluble products from 10.4 wt% (non-catalytic) to 19.8 wt%. Furthermore, the relative contents of arenes and alkanes in the light oil fraction rise from 45.8 % to 57.9 % and from 20.5 % to 23.0 %, respectively, while those of arenols and other heteroatom-containing compounds decrease significantly.

通过催化加氢裂化从低阶煤中生产富烃油，在燃料生产、化工原料、能源储存和转化方面具有巨大的应用潜力。然而，在最大限度地去除杂原子以增加碳氢化合物比例的同时提高衍生油的产量仍然是一个主要挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一种具有核壳结构的磁性Zr@Co/C600催化剂，其中zif -67衍生的钴均匀分散在氮掺杂的多孔碳基体上作为核心，ZrO2作为保护壳。该催化剂具有高比表面积，明确的介孔结构，丰富的酸位点（特别是强酸性位点），以及含有氮，氧和钴的多种活性物质。它在切断C-O -桥键和去除杂原子方面表现出优异的性能。此外，核壳设计有效地防止了活性成分的聚集和浸出，确保了结构的稳定性和在五个重复使用周期内持续的催化活性。DFT计算揭示了涉及多种活性氢的苯氧基苯反应过渡态的能垒，为阐明催化加氢反应机理提供了理论支持。将Zr@Co/C600催化剂应用于西湾亚烟煤催化加氢裂化，可溶产物收率由10.4%（非催化）提高到19.8%（非催化）。轻质油馏分中芳烃和烷烃的相对含量分别从45.8%上升到57.9%和20.5%上升到23.0%，而芳烃和其他杂原子化合物的相对含量则显著下降。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a skeletal mechanism for five-component diesel surrogate model by emulating physical and chemical properties 通过模拟物理和化学性质建立五组分柴油替代模型的骨架机制

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102445

Sai Wang , Xinsheng Jiang , Binbin Yu , Keyu Lin , Run Li , Yunxiong Cai

In the construction of diesel surrogates, selecting excessive light or heavy hydrocarbons can not precisely represent the true properties of real fuels, thus can not successfully capture subsequent in-cylinder atomization, ignition and combustion characteristics. Towards higher-accuracy property prediction of actual diesel, this research targets to develop a five-component skeletal mechanism containing moderate amounts of light and heavy hydrocarbons. By selecting the appropriate hydrocarbons, optimizing the composition with seven properties as optimized target, and comparing with recently available diesel surrogates from literature, a diesel surrogate model consisting of 22.9 % n-hexadecane (HXN), 16.8 % iso-octane, 6.5 % 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN), 20.6 % decalin and 33.2 % toluene by mole fraction was formulated. Then, a skeletal mechanism was developed via decoupling methodology, involving a skeletal C₀-C₃ mechanism and skeletal sub-mechanisms of HXN, iso-octane, HMN, decalin and toluene. An optimized mechanism was obtained by optimizing the rate constant based on the sensitivity analysis of ignition delay times (IDTs) and laminar flame speed (LFS). After that, the skeletal mechanism was widely verified against experimental data such as IDTs, species concentration profile and LFS of five components and actual fuel. Finally, the feasibility of the mechanism in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations is further verified by experimental data. Results suggested that the simulations were in accordance with the data measured in fundamental combustion experiment and engine in-cylinder combustion, indicating that the mechanism can be adopted for simulating auto-ignition and oxidation of real diesel and modeling of practical engines.

在柴油替代品的构建中，选择过多的轻质或重质碳氢化合物不能精确地代表真实燃料的真实特性，因此不能成功地捕捉后续的缸内雾化、点火和燃烧特性。为了对实际柴油进行更高精度的性能预测，本研究的目标是开发一种含有适量轻、重碳氢化合物的五组分骨架机制。通过选择合适的烃类，以7种性质为优化目标对其组成进行优化，并与文献中已有的柴油替代物进行比较，得到了由22.9%正十六烷（HXN）、16.8%异辛烷、6.5% 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-七甲基壬烷（HMN）、20.6%癸烷和33.2%甲苯（摩尔分数）组成的柴油替代物模型。然后，通过解耦方法建立了骨架机制，包括骨架C0-C3机制和骨架子机制，包括HXN、异辛烷、HMN、十氢化萘和甲苯。通过对点火延迟时间（IDTs）和层流火焰速度（LFS）的敏感性分析，对速率常数进行了优化，得到了优化机理。之后，通过实验数据，如idt、五组分的物种浓度谱和LFS以及实际燃料，广泛验证了骨架机理。最后，通过实验数据进一步验证了该机理在计算流体力学（CFD）模拟中的可行性。结果表明，模拟结果与基础燃烧实验和发动机缸内燃烧实测数据吻合较好，表明该机制可用于真实柴油的自燃和氧化模拟以及实际发动机的建模。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic mechanism and radicals interaction of the Co-SCWG of cellulose and polystyrene based on ReaxFF-MD and DFT 基于ReaxFF-MD和DFT的纤维素-聚苯乙烯共絮凝增效机理及自由基相互作用

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102441

Da Cui , Xinpei Zhou , Shuang Wu , Hon Man Luk , Qiuyun Lu , Jingru Bai , Bin Liu , Xiangming Xu , Shuo Pan , Qing Wang , Xuehua Zhang

Co-supercritical water gasification (co-SCWG) of biomass and waste plastics addresses waste management and energy production simultaneously. Using cellulose and polystyrene as model feeds, we couple ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) with density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate co-SCWG mechanisms and synergistic effect from 2000 to 4400 K. Products are classified by carbon number and type into 4 different fractions, including heavy oil fraction (C₁₄-C₄₀), light oil fraction (C₅-C₁₃), small-molecule gases (C₁-C₄), and inorganic gases (H₂, CO, CO₂). In the individual SCWG of cellulose, no heavy oil fraction is produced, and the light oil fraction disappears near 2800 K while production of inorganic gases increase. Individual SCWG of polystyrene shows occurrence of aromatic ring opening above 3200 K. In co-SCWG, the heavy oil fraction disappears by 2800 K and is reduced only 1.1 wt% at 2000 K compared with 4.5 wt% for polystyrene, indicating faster decomposition and pronounced synergistic effects. Product-tracking shows that cellulose acts as an oxygen donor, whereas polystyrene serves as a hydrogen source and releases •H, together boosting H₂ production and overall syngas yield. Synergy quantified by deviations between simulated and theoretical yields can be divided into three regimes: at 2000–2400 K, light hydrocarbons exhibit negative synergy and inorganic gases demonstrate slightly positive synergy; at 2600–3400 K both groups are predominantly negative; at 3600–4400 K H₂ and CO become increasingly positive, hydrocarbon synergy peaks around 3800–4000 K and then declines, and CO₂ remains negative overall. An optimal temperature of 3600 K is identified. DFT calculated energy barriers confirm the rate-determining step under co-SCWG are less energy demanding, with the H2 formation pathway being the most favorable, while the CO2 route is suppressed by hydrogen-radical reduction. These results define key channels and rate-limiting steps at the molecular scale and provide quantitative guidance for maximizing hydrogen production while reducing carbon emissions.

生物质和废塑料的共超临界水气化（co-SCWG）同时解决了废物管理和能源生产问题。以纤维素和聚苯乙烯为模型原料，结合ReaxFF分子动力学（MD）和密度泛函理论（DFT），研究了2000 ~ 4400 K范围内ReaxFF的协同增效机理和协同增效效应。产品按碳数和类型分为4个不同的馏分，包括重油馏分（C14-C40）、轻油馏分（C5-C13）、小分子气体（C1-C4）和无机气体（H2、CO、CO2）。纤维素的单组分SCWG在2800 K附近不产生重油馏分，轻油馏分消失，无机气体产量增加。聚苯乙烯单体SCWG在3200k以上出现芳香环开环现象。在co-SCWG中，重油馏分在2800 K时消失，在2000 K时仅减少1.1 wt%，而聚苯乙烯则减少4.5 wt%，表明分解速度更快，协同效应明显。产品跟踪显示，纤维素作为氧气供体，而聚苯乙烯作为氢源，释放氢，共同提高H2产量和合成气产量。通过模拟产率与理论产率之间的偏差量化的协同作用可分为三个阶段：在2000-2400 K，轻烃表现为负协同作用，无机气体表现为轻微的正协同作用；在2600-3400 K，这两组都主要是负的；在3600 ~ 4400 K时，H2和CO逐渐趋于正值，在3800 ~ 4000 K时，烃类协同作用达到峰值，然后逐渐下降，CO2总体保持负值。确定了最佳温度为3600 K。DFT计算的能量势垒证实，在co-SCWG下，速率决定步骤的能量需求较少，H2形成途径是最有利的，而CO2途径受到氢自由基还原的抑制。这些结果确定了分子尺度上的关键通道和限速步骤，并为在减少碳排放的同时最大化产氢提供了定量指导。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic enhancement by tuning acidity and dehydrogenation functions: Application of Ga/HZSM-5 in BTX production from co-pyrolysis of PET and polyolefins 调节酸度和脱氢功能的协同增强：Ga/HZSM-5在PET和聚烯烃共热解制BTX中的应用

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102443

Dabin Guo , Zhenhong Cai , Yongkang Ye , Akash Kumar , Hongwei Rong , Baihui Cui , Mian Hu

The catalytic co-pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PP/HDPE) presents a promising route for producing benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX), yet achieving high selectivity remains challenging due to inefficient deoxygenation and limited aromatization. In this study, a Ga-modified HZSM-5 catalyst is reported, which synergistically enhances both acidity and dehydrogenation functions to increase BTX production. A series of Ga/HZSM-5 catalysts with varying Ga loadings (1–23 wt%) were synthesized and systematically characterized. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed a strong synergistic interaction in PET/PP blends, where PP-derived radicals facilitate PET deoxygenation and suppress coking. Under optimized conditions (PET:PP = 1:1, pyrolysis/catalysis temperature = 600^oC, residence time = 1.70 s), the 11 wt% Ga/HZSM-5 catalyst achieved a remarkable BTX yield of 76.94 wt%, significantly outperforming unmodified HZSM-5. The introduction of Ga species modulated the acid strength, suppressed over-cracking, and enhanced dehydrogenation activity, thereby promoting the alkylation of benzene with light olefins to form toluene and xylene. Additionally, the catalyst exhibited excellent regenerability and stability over multiple reaction cycles. This work elucidates the dual synergy mechanism, encompassing both feedstock synergy in co-pyrolysis and catalytic synergy over Ga/HZSM-5, thereby offering a strategic framework for designing efficient bifunctional catalysts to valorize mixed plastic wastes.

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）和聚烯烃（PP/HDPE）的催化共热解为苯、甲苯和二甲苯（BTX）的生产提供了一条很有前途的途径，但由于脱氧效率低和芳构化程度有限，实现高选择性仍然是一个挑战。本研究报道了一种ga修饰的HZSM-5催化剂，它可以协同增强酸性和脱氢功能，从而提高BTX的产量。合成了一系列不同Ga负载（1 ~ 23wt %）的Ga/HZSM-5催化剂，并对其进行了系统表征。热重分析表明，PET/PP共混物具有很强的协同作用，其中PP衍生的自由基促进PET脱氧并抑制焦化。在优化条件下（PET:PP = 1:1，热解/催化温度= 600℃，停留时间= 1.70 s）， 11 wt% Ga/HZSM-5催化剂的BTX产率达到76.94 wt%，明显优于未改性的HZSM-5。Ga物质的引入调节了苯的酸强度，抑制了过裂化，提高了脱氢活性，从而促进了苯与轻烯烃的烷基化反应生成甲苯和二甲苯。此外，该催化剂在多个反应循环中表现出良好的可再生性和稳定性。这项工作阐明了双重协同机制，包括Ga/HZSM-5共热解中的原料协同作用和催化协同作用，从而为设计高效的双功能催化剂来实现混合塑料废物的增值提供了战略框架。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of CeO2-doped Ni/NC catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol ceo2掺杂Ni/NC愈创木酚加氢脱氧催化剂的合成

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102450

Chenglong Wen , Yongpeng Yang , Weihong Zhang , Jundong Xu , Jian Li , Mohong Lu , Xiaosong Lu

Cyclohexanol is extensively utilized in the production of nylon, solvents, plasticizers, and pharmaceuticals. The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of renewable biomass to synthesize cyclohexanol (CAL) offers a highly promising and sustainable route. In this work, a series of CeO₂-doped Ni/NC catalysts (Ni/CeO₂-NC) were prepared via a co-impregnation method to catalyze guaiacol HDO to CAL. The Ni/CeO₂-NC catalysts possess abundant oxygen vacancies and a reduced Ni particle size in comparison to Ni/NC, which is attributed to the incorporation of Ce. These structural advantages thereby facilitate the adsorption and removal of oxygen-containing functional groups during reaction. Among these catalysts, Ni/CeO₂-NC with 20 wt% CeO₂ (Ni/20CeO₂-NC) presents the highest CAL yield of 95.5 % in guaiacol HDO at 240 °C, 2 MPa, 1 h⁻¹, and an H₂ flow rate of 80 mL/min. Furthermore, Ni/20CeO₂-NC exhibits the excellent catalytic stability of guaiacol HDO.

环己醇广泛用于生产尼龙、溶剂、增塑剂和药品。可再生生物质加氢脱氧（HDO）合成环己醇（CAL）是一条极具发展前景的可持续途径。本文通过共浸染法制备了一系列掺杂ceo2的Ni/NC催化剂（Ni/CeO2-NC），用于催化愈创木酚HDO生成CAL。与Ni/NC相比，Ni/CeO2-NC催化剂具有丰富的氧空位，并且Ni颗粒尺寸减小，这归因于Ce的掺入。因此，这些结构优势有利于在反应过程中吸附和去除含氧官能团。在愈创木酚HDO中，在240℃、2 MPa、1 h−1、H2流速为80 mL/min的条件下，含20 wt% CeO2的Ni/CeO2- nc （Ni/20CeO2-NC）的CAL产率最高，达到95.5%。此外，Ni/20CeO2-NC对愈创木酚HDO具有优异的催化稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical analysis of laminar burning velocity for gasoline, ammonia, and hydrogen blends 汽油、氨和氢混合燃料层流燃烧速度的实验和数值分析

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102442

Aneesha Nair , Shawnam S , Paramvir Singh , Vikas Sharma , Angad Panesar , Sudarshan Kumar

The blending of gasoline with ammonia is increasingly recognized for its potential to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The integration of gasoline and ammonia, along with the addition of hydrogen, presents as a viable approach for advancing sustainable fuel technologies. Experiments for laminar burning velocity (LBV) at atmospheric pressure were performed for a fuel blend involving gasoline, ammonia and hydrogen for 5 % energy fraction of ammonia (ENH₃ = 0.05) on an externally heated diverging channel setup re-modified to include combined fuel mixtures of gaseous and liquid fuels and was performed for a temperature range from 350 K up to 600 K and for equivalence ratios 0.8–1.2. A mechanism consisting of hydrocarbon-ammonia interaction reactions for each surrogate component, was merged using a newly developed code, TIRAMISU, by Timothée Fages [31]. The reliability of merged mechanisms against laminar burning velocity experimental data taken from literature at atmospheric pressure for pure fuel at various inlet temperatures such as 358 K, 373 K, and existing literature data on TRF/NH₃/air mixtures at 400 K between equivalence ratios 0.7 to 1.4 were tested. The numerical results aligned well with experimental data and satisfactory results were obtained from both the analysis with less than 10 % error. The chosen blend of gasoline–ammonia–hydrogen blends revealed a marginal decrease of about ±10 cm/s across the study temperature range, with reduced gasoline (∼34 % mole fraction) and higher ammonia concentration (∼46 % mole fraction). This indicates that the blend achieves comparable combustion performance to pure gasoline. Most significant reactions responsible for affecting LBV value and for existing discrepancies were identified conducting sensitivity analysis.

汽油与氨气的混合因其提高燃油效率和减少排放的潜力而日益得到认可。汽油和氨的整合，以及氢气的加入，是推进可持续燃料技术的可行方法。在一个外部加热的分流通道装置上进行了常压下的层流燃烧速度（LBV）实验，其中包括汽油、氨和氢，氨的能量分数为5% (ENH3 = 0.05)，该装置经过改装，包括气体和液体燃料的组合燃料混合物，温度范围为350 K至600 K，当量比为0.8-1.2。由每个替代成分的碳氢化合物-氨相互作用反应组成的机制，由timoth Fages[31]使用新开发的代码TIRAMISU合并。本文测试了合并机制在层流燃烧速度下的可靠性，这些层流燃烧速度实验数据来自不同入口温度（358 K、373 K）下的纯燃料常压下的实验数据，以及在等效比0.7到1.4之间的400 K下TRF/NH3/空气混合物的现有文献数据。数值计算结果与实验结果吻合较好，两者的分析结果令人满意，误差小于10%。所选择的汽油-氨-氢混合物在研究温度范围内显示出约±10 cm/s的边际下降，汽油减少（~ 34%摩尔分数）和氨浓度增加（~ 46%摩尔分数）。这表明混合汽油的燃烧性能与纯汽油相当。通过敏感性分析确定了影响LBV值和存在差异的最重要的反应。

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引用次数: 0

TG-FTIR-MS and Py-GC/MS analysis on co-pyrolysis characteristics of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge 城市生活垃圾与污泥共热解特性的TG-FTIR-MS和Py-GC/MS分析

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102448

Meijun Fan , Nan Xing , Jinwei Zhu , Xuanhao Zhang , Yongqiang Chen , Guan Wang , Xuebin Wang , Zhicheng Pan , Tedla Medhane Embaye

Co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge (SS) represents a promising strategy for simultaneous waste reduction and energy recovery in pyrolysis-based power systems. This study investigated the pyrolytic behavior, synergistic mechanisms, and product evolution of MSW, SS, and their blends (SS10 %, SS20 %, and SS35 %) using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) at a heating rate of 20 °C·min⁻¹. Thermogravimetric results revealed a clear positive synergistic effect during co-pyrolysis that intensified as SS content increased, and the 35 % SS blend exhibited the strongest enhancement in thermal decomposition. MSW showed higher mass loss due to its lower ash content and higher volatility, while SS decomposed slightly earlier. Blending effectively intensified interactions during the second and third decomposition stages. TG-FTIR-MS analysis demonstrated that co-pyrolysis effectively suppressed the evolution of nitrogen and sulfur containing pollutants, including SO₂, HCNO, Pyrrole, Pyridine, and CO₂. Py-GC/MS analysis of condensable vapors indicated that synergistic interactions enhanced the yield of aliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols while substantially reducing aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen compounds. These effects are attributed to hydrogen donation from SS and the catalytic action of sludge minerals, which stabilize MSW-derived radicals and shift product selectivity toward aliphatic hydrocarbons. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating SS treatment into MSW waste to energy systems to improve resource recovery efficiency. Although the SS35 % blend showed the most favorable performance within the investigated range, further studies at higher SS ratios, along with detailed bio-char and bio-oil characterization and upgrading, is necessary to support higher value energy applications.

城市固体废物（MSW）和污水污泥（SS）的共热解是基于热解的电力系统中同时减少废物和能量回收的一种有前途的策略。本研究采用热重分析、傅里叶变换红外质谱分析（TG-FTIR-MS）和热解气相色谱质谱分析（y- gc /MS），在升温速率为20℃·min - 1的条件下，研究了MSW、SS及其混合物（ss10%、ss20%和ss35%）的热解行为、协同作用机制和产物演化。热重分析结果表明，共热解过程中存在明显的正协同效应，且随SS含量的增加而增强，其中35% SS共混物对热分解的增强作用最强。MSW灰分较低，挥发性较高，质量损失较大，而SS分解时间稍早。混合有效地增强了第二和第三分解阶段的相互作用。TG-FTIR-MS分析表明，共热解有效抑制了含氮和含硫污染物SO2、HCNO、吡咯、吡啶和CO2的演化。可冷凝蒸气的Py-GC/MS分析表明，协同作用提高了脂肪烃和醇的收率，同时大幅减少了芳香烃和氮化合物。这些影响归因于SS的氢气捐赠和污泥矿物的催化作用，它们稳定了msw衍生的自由基，并将产物选择性转向脂肪烃。总体而言，研究结果表明将SS处理纳入城市生活垃圾能源系统以提高资源回收效率的可行性。虽然ss35%的混合物在研究范围内表现出最有利的性能，但为了支持更高价值的能源应用，有必要进一步研究更高SS比例的混合物，以及详细的生物炭和生物油表征和升级。

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引用次数: 0

Study on laminar combustion characteristics of NH3/DME blended fuel under different oxygen enrichment coefficients 不同富氧系数下氨/二甲醚混合燃料层流燃烧特性研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2026.102446

Shuman Guo , Chunjian Zhou , Dong Liu , Jiaqi Wang , Chen Hong , Lijun Wang , Haichao Liu , Yuguo Gao , Nannan Zhang , Zhenzhong Yang

Ammonia (NH₃) serves as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines with advantages of high energy density and zero carbon emission, yet it suffers from low combustion reactivity. Blending it with dimethyl ether (DME)—a fuel with high reactivity—can effectively mitigate the defects of difficult ignition and slow combustion rate. During the combustion of NH₃/DME blended fuel, increasing oxygen concentration improves the combustion performance of the mixture through multiple pathways and significantly enhances its laminar burning velocity (LBV). In this study, constant volume combustion bomb experiments combined with simulation methods were employed to investigate the effects of oxygen enrichment coefficient (

Ω

= 0.21–0.35) and DME blending ratio (

X_{DME}

= 0–0.8) on the laminar combustion characteristics of NH₃/DME mixtures, under the conditions of 298 K and 0.2 MPa. The results indicate that, the LBV, adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) of the mixture, and the concentrations of O and OH radicals in chain reactions increase with the rise of

Ω

and

X_{DME}

. At

Ω

= 0.35, as

X_{DME}

increases from 0 to 0.8, the LBV increases from 29.31 cm/s to 88.22 cm/s, representing an increase of 2.01 times. The chemical reaction sensitivity coefficient decreases with the increases in

Ω

and

X_{DME}

, and the elementary reaction exerting the most significant impact on laminar burning velocity is identified as H + O₂ = O + OH. Specifically, at

X_{DME}

= 0.6, the chemical reaction sensitivity coefficient drops from 1.0 at

Ω

= 0.21 to 0.83 at

Ω

= 0.35. During the combustion of NH₃/DME, NO is the main emitted nitrogen oxide, and its formation rate shows a significant upward trend with the increase of

Ω

and

X_{DME}

.

氨（NH3）作为内燃机的替代燃料，具有能量密度高、零碳排放的优点，但其燃烧反应性较低。与二甲醚（DME）混合可有效改善其燃点难、燃烧慢的缺点。在NH3/二甲醚混合燃料燃烧过程中，增加氧浓度可通过多种途径改善混合气的燃烧性能，并显著提高其层流燃烧速度（LBV）。本研究采用定容燃烧弹实验结合模拟方法，研究了氧富集系数（Ω = 0.21-0.35）和二甲醚掺量（XDME = 0-0.8）对NH3/二甲醚混合物在298 K和0.2 MPa条件下层流燃烧特性的影响。结果表明，随着Ω和XDME的增加，混合物的LBV、绝热火焰温度（AFT）以及链式反应中O和OH自由基的浓度均增加。在Ω = 0.35时，随着XDME从0增加到0.8，LBV从29.31 cm/s增加到88.22 cm/s，增加了2.01倍。化学反应敏感性系数随Ω和XDME的增加而减小，确定对层流燃烧速度影响最大的基本反应为H + O2 = O + OH。具体来说，当XDME = 0.6时，化学反应敏感系数从Ω = 0.21时的1.0下降到Ω = 0.35时的0.83。NH3/DME燃烧过程中，NO是主要排放的氮氧化物，其生成速率随着Ω和XDME的增加呈显著上升趋势。

{"title":"Study on laminar combustion characteristics of NH3/DME blended fuel under different oxygen enrichment coefficients","authors":"Shuman Guo , Chunjian Zhou , Dong Liu , Jiaqi Wang , Chen Hong , Lijun Wang , Haichao Liu , Yuguo Gao , Nannan Zhang , Zhenzhong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2026.102446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2026.102446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) serves as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines with advantages of high energy density and zero carbon emission, yet it suffers from low combustion reactivity. Blending it with dimethyl ether (DME)—a fuel with high reactivity—can effectively mitigate the defects of difficult ignition and slow combustion rate. During the combustion of NH<sub>3</sub>/DME blended fuel, increasing oxygen concentration improves the combustion performance of the mixture through multiple pathways and significantly enhances its laminar burning velocity (LBV). In this study, constant volume combustion bomb experiments combined with simulation methods were employed to investigate the effects of oxygen enrichment coefficient (<span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0.21–0.35) and DME blending ratio (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mtext>DME</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> = 0–0.8) on the laminar combustion characteristics of NH<sub>3</sub>/DME mixtures, under the conditions of 298 K and 0.2 MPa. The results indicate that, the LBV, adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) of the mixture, and the concentrations of O and OH radicals in chain reactions increase with the rise of <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mtext>DME</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span>. At <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0.35, as <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mtext>DME</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> increases from 0 to 0.8, the LBV increases from 29.31 cm/s to 88.22 cm/s, representing an increase of 2.01 times. The chemical reaction sensitivity coefficient decreases with the increases in <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mtext>DME</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span>, and the elementary reaction exerting the most significant impact on laminar burning velocity is identified as H + O<sub>2</sub> = O + OH. Specifically, at <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mtext>DME</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> = 0.6, the chemical reaction sensitivity coefficient drops from 1.0 at <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0.21 to 0.83 at <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0.35. During the combustion of NH<sub>3</sub>/DME, NO is the main emitted nitrogen oxide, and its formation rate shows a significant upward trend with the increase of <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mtext>DME</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 102446"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable hydrogen production via subcritical and supercritical water gasification of food waste: An optimization and reaction pathway study 食物垃圾亚临界和超临界水气化可持续制氢：优化和反应途径研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102427

Reza Mirzaei, Omid Tavakoli

Hydrogen is recognized as a sustainable source of fuel. In this work, hydrogen production from food waste was explored using subcritical and supercritical water gasification. A representative food waste mixture (rice, orange peel, chicken meat, and lettuce) was gasified in a batch reactor. The influence of temperature (350–400 °C), biomass concentration (5–15 wt%), and reaction time (30–60 min) on hydrogen generation was examined. To evaluate the process and determine the conditions that maximize hydrogen generation, a response surface methodology was employed. Key operating parameters' independent and combined effects on total gas yield and hydrogen mole fraction in final gases were determined. Under optimal conditions at 400 °C, 5 wt% feedstock, and 60 min, the maximum total gas yield (8.3 mmol/g), hydrogen yield (2.44 mmol/g), H₂ mole fraction (29.5 %), and hydrogen selectivity (41.84 %) were obtained. Temperature exhibited the strongest influence, while feed concentration and residence time had comparatively lesser effects. The catalytic effect of Co₃O₄ and MnO₂ at different loadings was evaluated at optimal conditions. Co₃O₄ exhibited a superior performance, enhancing H₂ content, hydrogen yield, and hydrogen selectivity to 36.1 %, 3.36 mmol/g, and 56.49 %, respectively. Finally, a comprehensive study on the reaction mechanism of food waste was proposed to explain its conversion route into valuable products.

氢是公认的可持续燃料来源。在这项工作中，探索了利用亚临界和超临界水气化从食物垃圾中制氢。在间歇式反应器中气化了具有代表性的食物垃圾混合物（大米、橙皮、鸡肉和生菜）。考察了温度（350-400°C）、生物量浓度（5-15 wt%）和反应时间（30-60 min）对产氢的影响。为了评估过程并确定最大限度产氢的条件，采用了响应面法。确定了关键操作参数对总产气率和终气氢摩尔分数的独立和联合影响。在400℃、5 wt%的进料条件下，反应时间为60 min，总产气率为8.3 mmol/g，氢气收率为2.44 mmol/g， H2摩尔分数为29.5%，氢气选择性为41.84%。温度的影响最大，饲料浓度和停留时间的影响相对较小。在最佳条件下，考察了不同负载下Co3O4和MnO2的催化效果。Co3O4表现出优异的性能，H2含量、氢气收率和氢气选择性分别提高36.1%、3.36 mmol/g和56.49%。最后，对食物垃圾的反应机理进行了综合研究，阐明了食物垃圾转化为有价值产品的途径。

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引用次数: 0