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Towards enhanced monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons production from Co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste polystyrene plastic 提高生物质与废聚苯乙烯塑料共热解生产单环芳烃的能力
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101812
Zhiwei Wang , Shuaihua Guo , Gaofeng Chen , Zaifeng Li , Mengge Wu , Yan Chen , Tingzhou Lei , Kiran G. Burra , Ashwani K. Gupta

Co-pyrolysis technology offers a viable solution for utilizing biomass and waste plastics as a valuable energy resource, to support waste management, energy supply and environmental protection. In this paper, co-pyrolysis of poplar tree (PT) and polystyrene (PS) at mixture ratios of 0:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:0 under different pyrolysis temperatures (450, 550, 650, and 700 °C), using different catalysts (HZSM-5, MCM-41, Fe/HZSM-5, and Cu/HZSM-5) were investigated using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) diagnostics for determining products distribution and synergistic effects. The results showed that PT performed best at a pyrolysis temperature of 650 °C, whereas PS performed best at 550 °C. The relative amount of aromatics in the co-pyrolysis products of PT and PS was highest at 550 °C that showed positive synergistic effects. The synergistic effects from the co-pyrolysis of PT and PS were significantly different at different mixture ratios of the PT and PS feedstocks. At mixture ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, the relative amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAH) were higher and showed positive synergistic effects. The catalysts promoted the generation of MAH and inhibited the PAHs formation in the co-pyrolysis. The Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst provided the most significant effect on MAH showing the highest relative amounts. The results showed that highest yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be achieved from the pyrolysis of PT and PS materials at 1:1 mixture ratio using Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst, at a reaction temperature of 550 °C.

共热解技术为利用生物质和废塑料作为宝贵的能源资源提供了可行的解决方案,有助于废物管理、能源供应和环境保护。在不同的热解温度(450、550、650 和 700 °C)下,使用不同的催化剂(HZSM-5、MCM-41、Fe/HZSM-5 和 Cu/HZSM-5),采用气相色谱/质谱分析法(Py-GC/MS)对聚苯乙烯和聚苯乙烯(PS)进行了研究,以确定产物分布和协同效应。结果表明,PT 在高温分解温度为 650 °C 时性能最佳,而 PS 在高温分解温度为 550 °C 时性能最佳。在 550 °C 时,PT 和 PS 共同热解产物中芳烃的相对含量最高,显示出积极的协同效应。在 PT 和 PS 原料的不同混合比例下,PT 和 PS 共热解的协同效应有显著差异。当混合比为 1:1 和 1:2 时,多环芳烃(PAHs)和单环芳烃(MAH)的相对含量较高,显示出积极的协同效应。催化剂在共热解过程中促进了 MAH 的生成,抑制了 PAHs 的形成。其中,Fe/HZSM-5 催化剂对 MAH 的影响最为显著,相对含量最高。结果表明,使用 Fe/HZSM-5 催化剂以 1:1 的混合比例热解 PT 和 PS 材料,在 550 °C 的反应温度下可获得最高产量的单环芳烃。
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引用次数: 0
One-step synthesis of Pt@(CrMnFeCoNi)3O4 high entropy oxide catalysts through flame spray pyrolysis 通过火焰喷射热解一步合成 Pt@(CrMnFeCoNi)3O4高熵氧化物催化剂
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101804
Haonan Zheng , Yiran Zhang , Zibo Xu , Guangzhao Zhou , Xuteng Zhao , Zhen Huang , He Lin

High entropy oxides (HEOs) show great prospects in catalysis owing to their widely tunable component structures and ease of combination with active metals. However, the development of HEO catalysts is limited by the lack of efficient synthesis methods due to the difficulty of homogeneously mixing at least five elements. In this work, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is successfully employed to synthesize (CrMnFeCoNi)3O4 HEO with a single phase spinel structure in one step, which is verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Taking CO catalytic oxidation as a probe reaction, the Pt@(CrMnFeCoNi)3O4 HEO catalyst synthesized by FSP in one step is compared with the catalyst whose Pt is impregnated on (CrMnFeCoNi)3O4 HEO support. The FSP-made catalysts have a higher catalytic reaction rate and better redox ability, which lowers the temperature of complete CO conversion by nearly 100 °C. Furthermore, it can be observed that the flame parameters can be optimized to modify the particle size and oxygen vacancies of the HEO nanoparticles, thus enhancing the catalytic performances. This work demonstrates that FSP is an effective method for the one-step synthesis of HEO catalysts with excellent catalytic performance, providing a new perspective for the synthesis of HEO-based materials.

高熵氧化物(HEOs)由于其组分结构可广泛调整,且易于与活性金属结合,因此在催化领域具有广阔的前景。然而,由于很难将至少五种元素均匀混合,缺乏高效的合成方法限制了高熵氧化物催化剂的发展。本研究采用火焰喷射热解(FSP)技术,成功地一步合成了具有单相尖晶石结构的(CrMnFeCoNi)3O4 HEO,并通过 X 射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)和能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDS)进行了验证。以一氧化碳催化氧化反应为研究对象,比较了通过 FSP 一步合成的 Pt@(CrMnFeCoNi)3O4 HEO 催化剂和在(CrMnFeCoNi)3O4 HEO 载体上浸渍 Pt 的催化剂。FSP 制成的催化剂具有更高的催化反应速率和更好的氧化还原能力,可将 CO 完全转化的温度降低近 100 °C。此外,还可以通过优化火焰参数来改变 HEO 纳米颗粒的粒度和氧空位,从而提高催化性能。这项工作表明,FSP 是一步合成具有优异催化性能的 HEO 催化剂的有效方法,为 HEO 基材料的合成提供了一个新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanistic analysis of hydrogen-rich Co-gasification of pine wood and polypropylene-based waste masks using Fe/Dol catalyst 使用 Fe/Dol 催化剂对松木和聚丙烯基废弃掩模进行富氢共气化的机理分析
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101801
Yong-hong Niu , Zheng-yang Chi , Zhi-qiang Wang , Man Yang , Feng-tao Han

Disposable masks, predominantly made of polypropylene melt-blown fabric, present a significant environmental challenge due to their large volume and resistance to natural degradation. This study explores the co-gasification of forestry waste, specifically pine wood, and waste masks to enhance biomass gasification efficiency while enabling the high-value utilization of waste materials. The Fe/Dol catalyst, prepared by loading transition metal Fe onto calcined dolomite using the impregnation method, was tested in a two-stage fixed-bed gasification system. Steam was employed as the gasifying agent. The study systematically examines the effects of steam flow rate, gasification reforming temperature, the mixing ratio of pine wood to masks, and Fe loading on the catalyst's performance in gas-phase and liquid-phase product formation.Characterization analyses revealed that Fe oxides facilitate the cleavage of aromatic rings in aromatic compounds, leading to the formation of two-carbon chain segments and promoting the production of ethylene and propylene from aliphatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, the catalyst enhanced tar cracking, generating free radicals and ring bonds. Experimental results indicate that at a steam flow rate of 3 mg/min, a gasification temperature of 850 °C, a pine wood to mask mixing ratio of 1:2, and an Fe loading of 8 %, the hydrogen (H2) volume fraction reached 52.48 %, with a gas yield of 1.67 m³/kg and a hydrogen production rate of 78.25 g/kg.

一次性口罩主要由聚丙烯熔喷织物制成,由于其体积大且不易自然降解,给环境带来了巨大挑战。本研究探讨了林业废弃物(特别是松木)和废弃口罩的联合气化,以提高生物质气化效率,同时实现废弃材料的高价值利用。采用浸渍法将过渡金属 Fe 添加到煅烧白云石上制备的 Fe/Dol 催化剂在两级固定床气化系统中进行了测试。气化剂采用蒸汽。研究系统地考察了蒸汽流速、气化重整温度、松木与掩模的混合比以及铁的负载量对催化剂在气相和液相产品形成中性能的影响。表征分析表明,铁氧化物可促进芳香族化合物中芳香环的裂解,从而形成双碳链段,并促进脂肪烃生产乙烯和丙烯。此外,催化剂还能促进焦油裂解,产生自由基和环键。实验结果表明,在蒸汽流速为 3 mg/min、气化温度为 850 ℃、松木与掩蔽剂混合比为 1:2、铁负载为 8 % 的条件下,氢气(H2)体积分数达到 52.48 %,气体产量为 1.67 m³/kg,氢气生产率为 78.25 g/kg。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical investigation and optimization of the ammonia/diesel dual fuel engine combustion under high ammonia substitution ratio 高氨替代率下氨/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧的数值研究与优化
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101797
Shouzhen Zhang, Qinglong Tang, Haifeng Liu, Rui Yang, Mingfa Yao

This study investigated the effects of initial temperature, equivalence ratio, and diesel injection timing on engine combustion and emission characteristics at high ammonia substitution ratios. Increased compression temperature and pressure significantly reduce ignition delay, enhance combustion speed and efficiency, and decrease N2O and unburned NH3 emissions. A strong correlation exists between the amount of N2O produced and the mass of unburned NH3 when ammonia combustion efficiency is high. The N2O distribution is concentrated near the cylinder walls and the piston top surface, in areas with high concentrations of unburned NH3. As the equivalence ratio increases from 0.6 to 0.75, flame propagation speed and indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) increase, while NOx, N2O, and unburned NH3 emissions decrease. The combustion performance and emissions were optimized by advancing the diesel injection timing and increasing the equivalence ratio to accelerate the combustion speed. This adjustment increases ITE to 47.6 % at an 80 % ammonia energy ratio. Post-optimization results show a reduction in unburned NH3 emissions from 51.7 g/kW·h to 5.9 g/kW·h and a decrease in N2O emissions from 0.930 g/kW·h to 0.370 g/kW·h, culminating in a 60.4 % reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

本研究探讨了在高氨替代率条件下,初始温度、等效比和柴油喷射正时对发动机燃烧和排放特性的影响。提高压缩温度和压力可显著减少点火延迟,提高燃烧速度和效率,减少一氧化二氮和未燃尽 NH3 的排放。当氨燃烧效率较高时,N2O 的产生量和未燃尽 NH3 的质量之间存在很强的相关性。N2O 分布集中在气缸壁和活塞顶表面附近,即未燃烧 NH3 浓度较高的区域。当当量比从 0.6 增加到 0.75 时,火焰传播速度和指示热效率(ITE)增加,而氮氧化物、一氧化二氮和未燃烧的 NH3 排放量减少。通过提前柴油喷射时间和增加当量比来加快燃烧速度,从而优化了燃烧性能和排放。在氨能比为 80% 的情况下,这一调整将 ITE 提高到 47.6%。优化后的结果显示,未燃烧的 NH3 排放量从 51.7 g/kW-h 减少到 5.9 g/kW-h,N2O 排放量从 0.930 g/kW-h 减少到 0.370 g/kW-h,温室气体 (GHG) 排放量最终减少了 60.4%。
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引用次数: 0
Micropore effects on coal pyrolysis process investigated by using reactive molecular dynamics 利用反应分子动力学研究微孔对煤热解过程的影响
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101798
Mo Zheng , Xiaoxia Li

The micropore structure can serve as the diffusion channels for intermediates and light tar products during coal pyrolysis, which is very important for modulating the desired tar or char products. In this work, the micropore effects on product distribution and the reaction mechanisms during Hailaer coal pyrolysis was explored for the first time from the atomistic simulation point of view by using large-scale ReaxFF MD simulation and the reasonable model with the artificially adding micropore strategy. The results suggest that the micropore structure indeed has a significant impact on the major tar product distribution and competitive reactions during coal pyrolysis process at high temperature. The micropore can promote decomposition reactions through accelerating C–C bond breaking significantly and inhibit the recombination reactions accompanied with the char formation with more carbon in sp2 structure. Based on the oxygen-containing bond behaviors in char products obtained from coal pyrolysis process, it is unraveled that the more micropore exits in coal structure, the more Csp3-O bonds and less Csp2-O bonds in char precursors. Particularly, the light tar products with ring groups are more influenced by micorpore structures than those chain products. Considering that the limitation of current experimental techniques in micropore detection, the strategy sheds new light on the depth investigation of micropore effects on reactions, which can provide complement for experimental observations and tar product modulation.

微孔结构可以作为煤热解过程中中间产物和轻焦油产物的扩散通道,这对于调制所需的焦油或焦炭产物非常重要。本研究利用大规模 ReaxFF MD 模拟和人工添加微孔策略的合理模型,首次从原子模拟的角度探讨了海拉尔煤热解过程中微孔对产物分布和反应机理的影响。结果表明,微孔结构确实对高温下煤热解过程中主要焦油产物的分布和竞争反应有重要影响。微孔能显著加速 C-C 键的断裂,从而促进分解反应,并抑制伴随着更多 sp2 结构碳形成的炭的重组反应。根据煤热解过程中得到的焦炭产物中的含氧键行为,可以发现煤结构中的微孔越多,焦炭前驱体中的 Csp3-O 键就越多,Csp2-O 键就越少。特别是带环状基团的轻质焦油产物比链状产物受微孔结构的影响更大。考虑到现有实验技术在微孔检测方面的局限性,该策略为深入研究微孔对反应的影响提供了新的思路,可为实验观察和焦油产物调控提供补充。
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引用次数: 0
CFD modeling investigation of oxy-fuel combustion application in an industrial-scale FCC regenerator 全氧燃烧在工业规模催化裂化再生器中应用的 CFD 建模研究
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101796
Yuneng Tang , Cheng Liu , Shibo Kuang , Qianqian Liu , Zhenyu Chen , Haitao Song , Bin Su , Jianglong Yu , Lian Zhang , Baiqian Dai

The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and its consequential impact on climate change have elicited increased public concern. The refinery units including fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) generate substantial quantities of CO2. To mitigate the emission from the FCC process, oxy-fuel combustion has emerged as a prospective carbon capture and storage technology. This study presents the first trial for the modeling investigation of a 70 kt/a industrial FCC regenerator under the scenario of retrofitting it with oxy-fuel combustion technology. Employing the Eulerian-Eulerian model, a CFD model integrating heat transfer and coke combustion reactions has been established. The detailed hydrodynamics, temperature, and species concentration distribution inside the regenerator are obtained under both air-firing and oxy-firing conditions, which are further compared to exploit the possibility of oxy-fuel combustion retrofitting. As has been found, decreases in gas temperature and carbon conversion rate were observed for 21 % O2/79 % CO2 atmosphere in comparison to the air reference case due to the differences in gas properties between N2 and CO2. This discrepancy resulted in a drop of 17 K in dilute phase temperature and 2 K in dense phase temperature. The bed density also exhibited a large with the oxy-firing conditions, with notable observations revealing a lower bed density below a height of 4.2 m, transitioning to a higher density above said height. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted for three principal operating parameters, including superficial gas velocity, oxygen partial pressure, and catalyst circulation rate. An increase of oxygen partial pressure to 27 % or a decrease of the catalyst circulation rate to 20.7 kg/s proved effective in achieving the same temperature profile and even a slightly better carbon conversion in comparison to air-firing regeneration.

大气中二氧化碳浓度的增加及其对气候变化的影响引起了公众越来越多的关注。包括流体催化裂化(FCC)在内的炼油装置会产生大量的二氧化碳。为减少催化裂化过程中的二氧化碳排放,富氧燃烧技术已成为一种前景广阔的碳捕集与封存技术。本研究首次尝试了在 70 kt/a 工业催化裂化再生装置改造为全氧燃烧技术的情况下,对该装置进行建模研究。采用欧拉-欧拉模型,建立了一个集成传热和焦炭燃烧反应的 CFD 模型。在空气燃烧和全氧燃烧条件下,获得了再生器内部详细的流体力学、温度和物种浓度分布,并对其进行了进一步比较,以探讨全氧燃烧改造的可能性。研究发现,由于 N2 和 CO2 的气体特性不同,在 21%O2/79%CO2 的气氛中,气体温度和碳转化率与空气参考情况相比都有所下降。这种差异导致稀相温度下降 17 K,浓相温度下降 2 K。床层密度也随着全氧燃烧条件的变化而变化,值得注意的是,在 4.2 米高度以下的床层密度较低,而在该高度以上的床层密度较高。还对三个主要操作参数进行了敏感性分析,包括表层气体速度、氧分压和催化剂循环速率。事实证明,将氧分压提高到 27% 或将催化剂循环速率降低到 20.7 kg/s,可有效实现相同的温度曲线,与空气燃烧再生相比,碳转化率甚至略有提高。
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引用次数: 0
Oxy-fuel co-combustion properties and N-containing pollutants release characteristics of biomass/coal blends 生物质/煤混合物的氧气-燃料共燃特性和含氮化合物的释放特性
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101800
Jiangang Huang , Jinzhi Zhang , Tianju Chen , Dominic Yellezuome , Ruidong Zhao , Jinhu Wu

Thermal properties and NO release characteristics during oxy-fuel co-combustion of pine sawdust (PS) and Shenmu coal (SM) were investigated based on the effects of various parameters, including atmosphere, temperature, blending ratio, and oxygen concentration in this research. The results indicate that the release of NO decreased with the increasing temperature during decomposition process of PS and SM. The content of N-Q and N-X in semicoke (SC) increased at higher torrefaction temperature. The N-Q and N-X content for SC at the temperature of 1000 °C was 36.9 % and 23.2 %, respectively. When 40 % PS was added to the SM, the NO release amount was significantly reduced by 16.3–23.1 % in the oxy-fuel atmosphere compared to the O2/N2 atmosphere, and the ignition time was reduced from 4.0s to 0.66s. The NO emission initially increased and then decreased as the combustion temperature increased from 800 to 1000 °C. Furthermore, increasing the oxygen concentration from 10 % to 40 % shortens the combustion time and increases the emissions of NO. Conversely, increasing PS blending ratios from 10 % to 40 % decreased NO emission and the conversion ratio. These findings emphasize that adding biomass can effectively improve coal ignition, increase combustion rates, reduce NO emissions, and address the air pollution problems associated with NOx emissions.

本研究基于大气、温度、混合比和氧气浓度等各种参数的影响,研究了松树锯末(PS)和神木煤(SM)全氧燃烧过程中的热性能和 NO 释放特性。结果表明,在松木锯末和神木煤的分解过程中,NO 的释放量随着温度的升高而减少。半焦(SC)中的 N-Q 和 N-X 含量在较高的烘干温度下增加。温度为 1000 °C 时,半焦中的 N-Q 和 N-X 含量分别为 36.9 % 和 23.2 %。当在 SM 中加入 40% PS 时,与 O2/N2 气氛相比,富氧燃料气氛中的 NO 释放量显著减少了 16.3-23.1%,点火时间从 4.0s 缩短到 0.66s。随着燃烧温度从 800 ℃ 升至 1000 ℃,NO 排放量先增加后减少。此外,将氧气浓度从 10% 增加到 40%,会缩短燃烧时间并增加 NO 的排放量。相反,将 PS 混合比从 10% 提高到 40%,则会减少 NO 排放量和转化率。这些研究结果表明,添加生物质可有效改善煤的着火情况,提高燃烧率,减少氮氧化物排放,并解决与氮氧化物排放相关的空气污染问题。
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引用次数: 0
Laser ignition on single droplet characteristics of aviation kerosene at different pressures and initial diameters: ignition, combustion and micro-explosion 不同压力和初始直径下航空煤油单液滴特性的激光点火:点火、燃烧和微爆炸
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101799
Yang Yi , Senlin Lv , Erjiang Hu , Geyuan Yin , Yingjia Zhang , Zuohua Huang , Yingwen Yan

In this study, an experimental system for single-droplet ignition by laser under different pressures is established, and the laser ignition is used to examine how pressure and initial diameter influence ignition properties of RP-3 aviation kerosene single-droplet. The findings reveal that depending on the extent of the impact of bubble rupture on the droplet's shape, The droplet's morphological alterations can be classified into three types: micro-expansion, puffing, and micro-explosion. The ignition and combustion of droplets is segmented into four distinct phases: heating, ignition, intense combustion, boiling combustion. The flame width diminishes with rising pressure. Single droplet ignition delay time is strongly influenced by the pressure, which is reduced by 92.7 %, 94.1 % and 94.3 % for the three droplets from small to large diameters with the pressure increases from 1 bar to 4 bar. The change trends of droplet diameters are first increasing and then decreasing. The whole burning rate of RP-3 droplets goes up with the rise of pressure. A droplet laser ignition model is proposed, the minimum ignition energy of RP-3 droplets with an initial diameter of 1.42 mm at pressures of 1–4 bar are obtained to be 0.88 J, 0.80 J, 0.68 J, and 0.59 J, respectively.

本研究建立了不同压力下激光点燃单液滴的实验系统,并利用激光点燃来研究压力和初始直径如何影响 RP-3 航空煤油单液滴的点燃特性。研究结果表明,根据气泡破裂对液滴形状的影响程度,液滴的形态变化可分为微膨胀、膨化和微爆炸三种类型。液滴的点火和燃烧分为四个不同阶段:加热、点火、剧烈燃烧和沸腾燃烧。火焰宽度随压力升高而减小。单液滴点火延迟时间受压力的影响很大,当压力从 1 巴增加到 4 巴时,小直径液滴到大直径液滴的点火延迟时间分别缩短了 92.7%、94.1% 和 94.3%。液滴直径的变化趋势是先增大后减小。随着压力的升高,RP-3 液滴的整体燃烧率也随之升高。提出了液滴激光点火模型,得到了初始直径为 1.42 mm 的 RP-3 液滴在 1-4 bar 压力下的最小点火能量分别为 0.88 J、0.80 J、0.68 J 和 0.59 J。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal conversion studies of lignin pyrolysis and the catalytic effect of fe: A reactive molecular dynamics study 木质素热解的热转换研究和 Fe 的催化作用:反应分子动力学研究
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101795
Weiming Zhan , Kejiang Li , Zeng Liang , Yushan Bu , Zhen Sun , Chunhe Jiang , Jianliang Zhang , Shan Ren

Lignin is one of the important components of biomass, and its pyrolysis process has been widely studied. The advantages of iron-based catalysts are their low cost, low environmental pollution, and the ability to extract and reuse from the system. However, research on the effect of metallic iron on lignin pyrolysis is limited. This study revealed the influence of iron on lignin pyrolysis process at the microscopic level through reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulation, while considering the influence of different temperatures. It was found that increasing the temperature can increase the production of H2 and CO gases and improve the efficiency of lignin decomposition. In addition, the addition of catalyst iron can accelerate the decomposition of the benzene ring, making the lignin pyrolysis process deeper and more thorough, while increasing the production of H2 and CO. The activation energy of the system was calculated and it was found that the addition of catalyst iron can significantly reduce the activation energy of lignin pyrolysis, proving the excellent catalytic effect of the catalyst. The catalytic pyrolysis strategy provided in this study, using iron as a catalyst to catalyze the pyrolysis process of lignin, can effectively utilize biomass resources in industrial production.

木质素是生物质的重要成分之一,其热解过程已被广泛研究。铁基催化剂的优点是成本低、环境污染小,并且能够从系统中提取和重复使用。然而,有关金属铁对木质素热解影响的研究还很有限。本研究通过反应分子动力学(ReaxFF MD)模拟,从微观层面揭示了铁对木质素热解过程的影响,同时考虑了不同温度的影响。结果发现,提高温度可以增加 H2 和 CO 气体的产生,提高木质素分解的效率。此外,催化剂铁的加入可加速苯环的分解,使木质素热解过程更深入、更彻底,同时增加 H2 和 CO 的产生。计算了体系的活化能,发现催化剂铁的加入能显著降低木质素热解的活化能,证明催化剂具有良好的催化效果。本研究提供的以铁为催化剂催化木质素热解过程的催化热解策略,可在工业生产中有效利用生物质资源。
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引用次数: 0
Insights into Si/Al ratios for enhanced performance of β-zeolites in thermocatalytic cracking of crude oil to light olefins 在原油热催化裂解为轻质烯烃过程中提高 β-zeolites 性能的硅/铝比例的启示
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101792
Aliyu M. Alhassan , Abdulkadir Tanimu , Basiru O. Yusuf , M. Abdul Bari Siddiqui , Abdullah Aitani , Khalid R. Alhooshani , Saheed A. Ganiyu

The escalating demand for key petrochemicals, particularly ethylene and propylene, underscores the critical need for proficient catalysts in crude oil conversion processes. Attaining high propylene selectivity necessitates catalysts with superior adsorption capacity, thermal stability, moderate surface acidity, and pores large enough to facilitate the diffusion of larger crude oil molecules. In the present study, three different BEA Zeolites (β-zeolite) catalysts were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method and used for catalytic cracking of Arabian Light crude oil to produce valuable petrochemical products, such as propylene, ethylene, and naphtha. The catalysts were characterized using 27Al and 29Si NMR, NH3-TPD, BET, XRD, TGA, FTIR, XRF, and FE-SEM. The thermocatalytic cracking of Arabian Light crude oil was evaluated in a fixed-bed microactivity test (MAT) unit between 550 and 600 °C. The as-prepared β-zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 50 exhibited better catalytic activity in the catalytic cracking of Arabian Light crude oil compared to counterparts with Si/Al ratios of 35 and 65, This superiority can be attributed to its optimal combination of surface acid site distribution, textural properties, surface morphology, and high adsorption capacity. The highest feed conversion (83.4 %) and selectivity to propylene (16.11 %) were attained using β-zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 50 at 600 °C. Importantly, our findings suggest that these catalysts hold significant potential, rivalling primary MFI catalysts like ZSM-5 commonly employed in similar reactions. This underscores their promise as catalysts of choice in the realm of catalytic cracking processes, paving the way for advancements in petrochemical production.

对主要石化产品(尤其是乙烯和丙烯)的需求不断增长,凸显了原油转化过程中对优质催化剂的迫切需求。要获得较高的丙烯选择性,催化剂必须具有出色的吸附能力、热稳定性、适度的表面酸度和足够大的孔隙,以促进较大原油分子的扩散。本研究采用水热法成功合成了三种不同的 BEA 沸石(β-沸石)催化剂,并将其用于阿拉伯轻质原油的催化裂化,以生产丙烯、乙烯和石脑油等有价值的石化产品。使用 27Al 和 29Si NMR、NH3-TPD、BET、XRD、TGA、FTIR、XRF 和 FE-SEM 对催化剂进行了表征。在固定床微活性试验(MAT)装置中,对阿拉伯轻质原油在 550 至 600 °C 的温度范围内的热催化裂解进行了评估。与硅/铝比率为 35 和 65 的同类产品相比,硅/铝比率为 50 的β-沸石在催化阿拉伯轻质原油裂解过程中表现出更高的催化活性。使用硅/铝比为 50 的 β-zeolite 在 600 °C 条件下可获得最高的原料转化率(83.4%)和丙烯选择性(16.11%)。重要的是,我们的研究结果表明,这些催化剂潜力巨大,可与类似反应中常用的初级 MFI 催化剂(如 ZSM-5)相媲美。这表明它们有望成为催化裂化工艺领域的首选催化剂,为石油化工生产的进步铺平道路。
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Journal of The Energy Institute
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