Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献_第9页

Preparation of cordierite-supported particulate matter filters and Sm2-xCexZr2O7 monolithic catalysts for soot catalytic oxidation 烟灰催化氧化用堇青石微粒过滤器及Sm2-xCexZr2O7整体式催化剂的制备

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102351

Ying Wang , Zhengwen Wei , Min Yu , Zhibo Li , Wei Wang

We synthesized magnesium borate whiskers via a precipitation molten-salt method. We subsequently loaded the Sm_2-xCe_xZr₂O₇ catalysts onto the whiskers through precipitation to mimic the hierarchical microstructure of respiratory cilia. The optimal microstructure was achieved with a B:Mg molar ratio of 3:2, yielding whiskers with an aspect ratio (length/diameter) of 42.107. It is clear that the growth of these whiskers on porous cordierite ceramics significantly enhances the specific surface area and soot filtration efficiency. Binding strength tests confirm the robust adhesion of whiskers to the ceramic substrate. H₂-TPR and O₂-TPD analyses definitively reveal that Ce-doped catalysts (Sm_1.9Ce_0.1Zr₂O₇) possess higher surface-active oxygen content, improve lattice oxygen mobility, and increased oxygen vacancies, leading to superior catalytic activity. XPS further validated the valence states of surface elements. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that Ce doping increases the surface energy of the (222), (400), and (440) crystal planes, while reducing the oxygen vacancy formation energy. This enhances the catalytic combustion performance via the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism. The Z-Sm_1.9Ce_0.1Zr₂O₇ catalysts have been shown to exhibit exceptional soot oxidation performance, lowering the ignition temperature (T₁₀) to 375 °C and the peak combustion temperature (T₅₀) to 425 °C. Cyclic stability tests demonstrate sustained structural integrity and catalytic efficiency. This unique microstructure shows clear potential for diesel particulate filter applications.

采用沉淀熔盐法合成硼酸镁晶须。随后，我们通过沉淀将Sm2-xCexZr2O7催化剂加载到晶须上，以模拟呼吸纤毛的分层结构。当B:Mg摩尔比为3:2时，获得了最佳的晶须结构，晶须的长径比为42.107。可见，在多孔堇青石陶瓷表面生长这些晶须可显著提高比表面积和烟尘过滤效率。结合强度测试证实了晶须与陶瓷基板的牢固附着力。H2-TPR和O2-TPD分析明确表明，ce掺杂催化剂（Sm1.9Ce0.1Zr2O7）具有更高的表面活性氧含量，改善了晶格氧迁移率，增加了氧空位，从而具有优异的催化活性。XPS进一步验证了表面元素的价态。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算证明，Ce掺杂增加了（222）、（400）和（440）晶面的表面能，同时降低了氧空位形成能。这通过Mars-van Krevelen机制提高了催化燃烧性能。Z-Sm1.9Ce0.1Zr2O7催化剂表现出优异的烟尘氧化性能，点火温度（T10）降至375℃，燃烧峰值温度（T50）降至425℃。循环稳定性测试证明了持续的结构完整性和催化效率。这种独特的微观结构显示了柴油微粒过滤器应用的明显潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Realizing balanced performances of integrated CO2 capture and utilization over natural limestone with/without Ni modification in a lab-scale micro-fluidized bed reactor 在实验室规模的微流化床反应器中实现对天然石灰石进行镍改性/不改性的综合CO2捕集与利用的平衡性能

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102349

Lei Liu, Liao Deng, Hanzi Liu, Zhiqiang Sun

The integrated carbon capture and utilization with reverse water gas shift (ICCU-RWGS) is a promising novel approach to reduce CO₂ emissions. Screening an efficient and economic Ca-based dual-functional material (DFM) is quite significant for the ICCU-RWGS application. However, efforts have been widely tried to improve the CO₂ capture and CO production performances based on expensively manufactured Ca-based DFM in the powder state, which is hard to apply to a real fluidized bed reactor. Herein, a natural limestone was selected as the raw material to prepare Ni_x/limestone as the Ca-based DFMs, and a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor was applied to study the cyclic CO₂ capture and utilization steps at the fluidizing state over a wide range of temperatures, particle sizes, and H₂ concentrations. The results indicate that Ni₅/limestone exhibits superior performance, compared to pure limestone, Ni₂/limestone and Ni₈/limestone, achieving a CO₂ capture capacity of 12.9 mmol/g, a CO₂ conversion of 83.4 % and a CO yield of 10.8 mmol/g at 650 °C. The CO selectivity approaches 100 % during the whole test. Moreover, the experiments reveal that the performance of Ni₅/limestone is more sensitive to temperature and particle size than H₂ concentration. The SEM and XPS results show that the reduction in the Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺ ratio is mainly responsible for the degradation in cyclic performance of the Ni₅/limestone material. Compared to the manufactured Ca-based DFMs from the published work, the Ni₅/limestone shows balanced physical and chemical properties. The findings provide valuable insights for designing an efficient and cost-effective DFM for the ICCU-RWGS process.

碳捕集利用与逆水气转换（ICCU-RWGS）是一种很有前途的减少二氧化碳排放的新方法。筛选一种高效、经济的ca基双功能材料对ICCU-RWGS的应用具有重要意义。然而，人们一直在努力提高基于昂贵的粉末状态ca基DFM的CO2捕集和CO生产性能，这很难应用于实际的流化床反应器。本文以天然石灰石为原料，制备了Nix/石灰石作为ca基DFMs，并在实验室规模的流化床反应器上研究了在不同温度、不同粒径、不同H2浓度下流化状态下循环CO2捕集利用的步骤。结果表明，与纯石灰石、Ni2/石灰石和Ni8/石灰石相比，Ni5/石灰石表现出更优异的性能，在650℃下CO2捕集能力为12.9 mmol/g， CO2转化率为83.4%，CO产率为10.8 mmol/g。在整个测试过程中，CO的选择性接近100%。此外，实验表明，Ni5/石灰石的性能对温度和粒度比对H2浓度更敏感。SEM和XPS结果表明，Ni2+/Ni3+比的降低是Ni5/石灰石材料循环性能下降的主要原因。与已发表的论文中制备的基于ca的dfm相比，Ni5/石灰石具有平衡的物理和化学性质。研究结果为设计ICCU-RWGS过程的高效且具有成本效益的DFM提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrothermal pretreatment for controlling bamboo biomass composition and regulating pore structure of bamboo-based activated carbon for CO2 adsorption 水热预处理控制竹生物量组成及调节竹基活性炭孔结构对CO2的吸附

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102341

Bingjie Wang , Qiang Xie, Yutong Sha, Sirui Qian, Jinchang Liu, Dingcheng Liang

Activated carbon with a narrow distribution of ultra micropores is regarded as a promising CO₂ adsorbent. Although chemical activation increases ultra microporosity, it entails high cost, equipment corrosion, and limited scalability. In this study bamboo was used as the precursor, and hydrothermal pretreatment was introduced prior to carbonization and steam activation to regulate the 0.5–0.7 nm pore-size distribution by adjusting the cellulose/lignin ratio. Biomass composition analysis together with N₂/CO₂ adsorption measurements was employed to establish the composition-structure-performance linkage. Results show that the sample derived from bamboo hydrothermally pretreated at 180 °C for 6 h, is featured with abundant micropores, with a distribution centered at 0.5–0.7 nm and a specific surface area of 1025 m²/g, achieving a CO₂ adsorption capacity of 3.91 mmol/g at 273 K and 1 bar. Overall, this work demonstrates a scalable, reagent-free physical-activation pathway that regulates the narrow distribution of ultra micropores, delivering CO₂ adsorbents suitable for energy and industrial systems.

活性炭具有较窄的超微孔分布，是一种很有前途的CO2吸附剂。虽然化学活化增加了超微孔隙度，但成本高，设备腐蚀，可扩展性有限。本研究以竹子为前驱体，在炭化和蒸汽活化前引入水热预处理，通过调节纤维素/木质素比调节0.5 ~ 0.7 nm的孔径分布。通过生物量组成分析和N2/CO2吸附测定，建立了组分-结构-性能的联系。结果表明，经180℃水热预处理6 h的竹材样品具有丰富的微孔，微孔以0.5 ~ 0.7 nm为中心分布，比表面积为1025 m2/g，在273 K、1 bar条件下吸附CO2的容量为3.91 mmol/g。总的来说，这项工作证明了一种可扩展的、无试剂的物理激活途径，可以调节超微孔的狭窄分布，提供适合能源和工业系统的二氧化碳吸附剂。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on NO emission characteristics during oxy-fuel combustion of semi-coke in a pressurized fluidized bed 加压流化床半焦炭全氧燃烧NO排放特性实验研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102350

Hengbing Ye , Qinwen Liu , Wenqi Zhong , Yonghua Gu , Guanwen Zhou , Yiwei Zhang , Qian Liu

Pressurized oxy-fuel combustion (POFC) represents a clean and efficient combustion technology. To facilitate cascade utilization of fuel chemical energy and promote cleaner coal combustion, this study integrates coal staged conversion with POFC. Semi-coke, a high-calorific-value fuel produced during coal pyrolysis/gasification, exhibits notably reduced volatile content post-conversion, rendering it challenging to ignite under conventional air conditions. The elevated pressure and enriched oxygen environment of POFC compensate for the higher ignition threshold of semi-coke. Despite these advantages, the pathways and mechanisms underlying NO formation from semi-coke combustion remain poorly understood. In this research, semi-coke was generated via partial gasification in a pressurized tubular furnace reactor. We examined changes in the transformation characteristics of nitrogen (N) functional groups, surface pore structure of the semi-coke, and their Impact on NO emissions during combustion. POFC experiments (oxy-30) were conducted in a bespoke pressurized fluidized bed reactor for investigating the effects of pressure, semi-coke type, temperature and H₂O concentration on NO emissions. The findings indicate that increasing the pressure from 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa reduces the NO emission concentration from semi-coke combustion by 60.4 %. When compared to the direct combustion of bituminous coal, semi-coke offers superior NO reduction capabilities under pressurized oxy-fuel conditions. The augmented presence of highly stable N-containing groups, such as N-6 and N-Q, in semi-coke leads to reduced NO emissions during combustion. Elevated temperatures result in higher NO emissions; however, under increased pressure, the extent of NO reduction becomes more pronounced with rising temperatures. A rise in water vapor concentration leads to a reduction in NO emissions, and pressure enhances such an inhibitory effect.

加压全氧燃烧（POFC）是一种清洁、高效的燃烧技术。为了促进燃料化学能的梯级利用，促进煤炭的清洁燃烧，本研究将煤炭分级转化与POFC相结合。半焦是煤热解/气化过程中产生的高热值燃料，转化后挥发分含量显著降低，在常规空气条件下难以点燃。POFC的高压和富氧环境弥补了半焦较高的着火阈值。尽管有这些优点，半焦燃烧生成NO的途径和机制仍然知之甚少。在加压管式反应器中，通过部分气化生成半焦。研究了半焦中氮(N)官能团的转化特征、表面孔隙结构的变化及其对燃烧过程中NO排放的影响。在定制的加压流化床反应器中进行了POFC实验（氧-30），研究了压力、半焦类型、温度和水浓度对NO排放的影响。结果表明，将压力从0.1 MPa提高到0.5 MPa，可使半焦燃烧时NO排放浓度降低60.4%。与直接燃烧烟煤相比，半焦在加压氧燃料条件下具有优越的NO还原能力。在半焦中增加高稳定的含n基团，如N-6和N-Q，导致燃烧过程中NO排放减少。气温升高导致一氧化氮排放量增加；然而，在压力增加的情况下，随着温度的升高，NO减少的程度变得更加明显。水蒸气浓度的升高导致NO排放的减少，而压力增强了这种抑制作用。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the influence of calcination temperature on the performance of CuFe2O4 as an oxygen carrier in chemical-looping gasification of biochar for hydrogen-rich syngas 评价了煅烧温度对CuFe2O4作为氧载体在生物炭化学环气化制备富氢合成气中性能的影响

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102345

Chenlong Liu , Zhiren Li , Wenqiang Tang , Lili Fan , Hui Chen , Chenghua Xu

Biomass chemical-looping gasification represents an emerging technological approach with significant potential for the production of hydrogen-enriched syngas. This investigation details the preparation of CuFe₂O₄ via the sol-gel methodology across a range of calcination temperatures spanning from 800 °C to 950 °C. The findings indicate that, in solid-solid reactions, lattice oxygen from CuFe₂O₄ is the predominant species participating in reactions with biochar, driving the conversion to CO/CO₂ and concomitantly reducing CuFe₂O₄ to Cu⁰ and Fe⁰. Subsequently, in gas-solid reactions, Fe⁰ is re-oxidized by steam, a process that preserves the oxygen carrying capacity of the system and enhances hydrogen generation. The one calcined at 900 °C demonstrates superior performance in production hydrogen-rich syngas, an outcome attributed to its higher lattice oxygen content. Meanwhile, in solid-solid reactions, the complete release of lattice oxygen is observed to require temperatures in excess of 800 °C. However, elevated temperatures induce Cu⁰ aggregation on the surface, diminishing the reaction activity. In gas-solid reactions, H₂ gas emerges as the predominant gaseous component. At 800 °C, the H₂ gas yield reaches a remarkable 0.825 Nm³/kg, attributed to the formation of a chrysanthemum-like structure. Additionally, the maximum H₂ gas yield of 1.14 Nm³/kg is achieved at a steam flow rate of 90 μL/min.

生物质化学环气化代表了一种新兴的技术方法，具有生产富氢合成气的巨大潜力。本研究详细介绍了在800°C到950°C的煅烧温度范围内，通过溶胶-凝胶方法制备CuFe2O4。研究结果表明，在固固反应中，CuFe2O4中的晶格氧是生物炭反应的主要组分，驱动CuFe2O4转化为CO/CO2，同时将CuFe2O4还原为Cu0和Fe0。随后，在气固反应中，Fe0被蒸汽再氧化，这一过程保留了系统的携氧能力，并增强了氢气的生成。在900°C下煅烧的一个在生产富氢合成气方面表现出优异的性能，这一结果归因于其更高的晶格氧含量。同时，在固-固反应中，观察到晶格氧的完全释放需要超过800℃的温度。然而，升高的温度诱导Cu0在表面聚集，降低了反应活性。在气固反应中，H2气体是主要的气体成分。在800℃时，由于形成菊花状结构，H2产率达到了惊人的0.825 Nm3/kg。当蒸汽流量为90 μL/min时，氢气产率最高可达1.14 Nm3/kg。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical study of combustion characteristics of premixed ammonia flame doped with iso-octane 掺异辛烷预混氨火焰燃烧特性的实验与数值研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102346

Qijie Li , Yuesheng Wang , Xiangjun Qu , Xiying Chen , Qian Wang , Liming Dai

The laminar burning velocities (LBV) of ammonia/iso-octane (NH₃/iC₈H₁₈) blends were experimentally measured in a constant-volume combustion chamber, with iC₈H₁₈ blending ratios of 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 50 %, and 100 % by volume. The experiments covered a broad range of equivalence ratios (φ = 0.7–1.8), initial temperatures (T = 373–473 K), and pressures (P = 1–5 bar). A novel chemical kinetic mechanism for NH₃/iC₈H₁₈ co-combustion was developed and extensively validated against measured LBVs from this study and ignition delay times (IDT) from literature, demonstrating better accuracy compared to existing mechanisms. Flame stability analysis revealed that elevated pressures and fuel-rich conditions (high φ) amplify flame instability, while the addition of minor iso-octane fractions (e.g., 10–20 %) not only enhances flame stability but also significantly increases LBV. The effects of initial temperature and pressure on LBV were systematically investigated, supported by detailed kinetic analyses. The hydrogen abstraction reactions at different iC₈H₁₈ radical sites play distinct roles: reactions at bC₈H₁₇ and dC₈H₁₇ radicals promote ignition, whereas those at aC₈H₁₇ and cC₈H₁₇ inhibit ignition. Furthermore, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions exhibited a strong correlation with key reactive radicals (e.g., H, O, OH), reaching maximum values at approximately the ratio of iC₈H₁₈ (X_iC8H18) = 10–20 % and φ = 0.9. Increasing iC₈H₁₈ ratios (>20 %) and richer mixtures (φ > 1.0) were found to mitigate NOx formation.

在恒容燃烧室中，测定了氨/异辛烷（NH3/iC8H18）共混物的层流燃烧速度（LBV）， iC8H18的掺混比分别为0%、10%、20%、50%和100%。实验涵盖了广泛的等效比（φ = 0.7-1.8）、初始温度（T = 373-473 K）和压力（P = 1-5 bar）。提出了一种新的NH3/iC8H18共燃烧的化学动力学机制，并通过本研究测量的LBVs和文献中的点火延迟时间（IDT）进行了广泛验证，与现有机制相比具有更高的准确性。火焰稳定性分析表明，高压和富油条件（高φ）放大了火焰不稳定性，而添加少量异辛烷馏分（如10 - 20%）不仅增强了火焰稳定性，而且显著提高了LBV。系统地研究了初始温度和压力对LBV的影响，并进行了详细的动力学分析。不同iC8H18自由基位置的吸氢反应作用不同：bC8H17和dC8H17自由基位置的吸氢反应促进着火，而aC8H17和cC8H17自由基位置的吸氢反应抑制着火。此外，氮氧化物（NOx）排放量与关键活性自由基（如H， O， OH）有很强的相关性，在iC8H18 (XiC8H18) = 10 - 20%, φ = 0.9时达到最大值。增加iC8H18比（> 20%）和更丰富的混合物（φ > 1.0）可以减缓NOx的形成。

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引用次数: 0

In-situ hydrodeoxygenation of a lignin-derived monomer using Ar dielectric barrier discharge plasma: From conversion performance to mechanism analysis Ar介质阻挡放电等离子体原位加氢脱氧木质素衍生单体：从转化性能到机理分析

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102344

Yadi Liu, Yan Sun, Xiaojiao Wu, Hui Zhong, Yifan Peng, Yudong Song, Zixin Fu, Ying Sun, Xiaolong Wang

Bio-oil derived from lignin biomass serves as a promising alternative to fossil fuels. However, due to its high oxygen content and low energy density, it requires hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) to be viable as a biofuel. Non-thermal plasma, as an innovative molecular activation method, enables HDO of bio-oil under ambient conditions without catalysts. Nevertheless, the relationship between operating conditions, plasma characteristics, and product distribution remains unclear, necessitating elucidation of the underlying reaction mechanisms. Herein, we present an in-situ hydrogenation approach for the plasma-assisted conversion of a lignin monomer (guaiacol) using Ar dielectric barrier discharge plasma without an external hydrogen source. By integrating conversion experiments with reactive molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal the mechanisms governing the effects of temperature and H radical on guaiacol conversion. Results show that increasing temperature promotes demethoxylation of guaiacol, yielding cresol and phenol. Excessively high temperatures inhibit dehydroxylation while facilitating O-CH₃ bond cleavage, leading to increased formation of undesired catechol. Around 400 K represents an optimal reaction temperature. As the applied voltage increases, the concentrations of desired liquid products (cresol, phenol, anisole) first rise then decline. This occurs because while H radical concentration progressively rises with the voltage, H radical-mediated deoxygenation efficiency peaks and subsequently decreases. Thus, maintaining an optimal H radical concentration range enhances conversion efficiency. Overall, the revealed interaction mechanisms between plasma-generated H radicals and guaiacol provide novel insights and guiding principles for future bio-oil upgrading.

从木质素生物质中提取的生物油是一种很有前途的化石燃料替代品。然而，由于其高氧含量和低能量密度，它需要加氢脱氧（HDO）才能作为生物燃料。非热等离子体是一种创新的分子活化方法，可以在无催化剂的环境条件下实现生物油的HDO。然而，操作条件、等离子体特性和产物分布之间的关系仍不清楚，因此有必要阐明潜在的反应机制。在此，我们提出了一种原位加氢方法，用于等离子体辅助木质素单体（愈木酚）的转化，该方法使用Ar介质阻挡放电等离子体，无需外部氢源。通过将转化实验与反应分子动力学模拟相结合，揭示了温度和H自由基对愈创木酚转化的影响机制。结果表明，温度升高可促进愈创木酚脱甲氧基化反应，生成甲酚和苯酚。过高的温度抑制去羟基化，同时促进O-CH3键的裂解，导致不需要的儿茶酚的形成增加。400 K左右为最佳反应温度。随着施加电压的增加，所需液体产物（甲酚、苯酚、苯甲醚）的浓度先上升后下降。这是因为当H自由基浓度随电压逐渐升高时，H自由基介导的脱氧效率达到峰值，随后下降。因此，保持一个最佳的H自由基浓度范围可以提高转化效率。总之，揭示了等离子体生成的H自由基与愈创木酚之间的相互作用机制，为未来的生物油升级提供了新的见解和指导原则。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on chemiluminescence characteristics of ammonia/methane partially premixed swirling flames 氨/甲烷部分预混旋转火焰化学发光特性的实验研究

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102336

Liqiao Jiang , Haihang Su

Understanding the complex chemiluminescence characteristics of ammonia/methane partially premixed flames is crucial for developing optical diagnostic sensors, yet it remains insufficiently investigated. This study experimentally examines the combustion characteristics of ammonia/methane partially premixed swirling flames with spectral analysis and key excited radical imaging of flame chemiluminescence signals. The effects of both the global equivalence ratio (φ) and the ammonia blending ratio (X_NH3) on flame chemiluminescence characteristics were explored. The results demonstrate that in weak turbulent swirling flames, the flame chemiluminescence spectra exhibit pronounced distinctions between the 280–400 nm ultraviolet (UV) band and the 400–800 nm visible band. With increasing X_NH3, the chemiluminescence intensity decreases in the UV range while concurrently enhancing in the visible spectrum. Notably, the flame background radiation displays a similar trend. The integrated chemiluminescence intensities of key radicals (OH∗, NH∗, CN∗, CH∗, and NH₂∗) exhibit a non-monotonic trend with φ, namely initially increasing before peak value and subsequently decreasing. Additionally, OH∗, CN∗, and CH∗ chemiluminescence intensities diminish with the increase of X_NH3, whereas NH₂∗ displays an opposing trend of intensity enhancement under the same conditions. The intensity ratios of CH∗/OH∗, NH₂∗/OH∗, and NH₂∗/CH∗ are sensitive to changes in φ and X_NH3. Specifically, the NH₂∗/CH∗ can be the markers of φ and X_NH3 due to the monotonically varying trend. The flame dynamic characteristics can be represented by the fluctuated chemiluminescence intensity of excited radicals such as OH∗ and NH∗. It demonstrates a significantly quantitative correlation between NO emission and normalized chemiluminescence intensities (OH∗/NH∗/CN∗/CH∗/NH₂∗) in present experimental conditions. The findings provide critical insights for developing chemiluminescence diagnostic strategies in ammonia/methane combustion applications.

了解氨/甲烷部分预混火焰复杂的化学发光特性对于开发光学诊断传感器至关重要，但这方面的研究还不够充分。通过光谱分析和火焰化学发光信号的关键激发自由基成像，对氨/甲烷部分预混旋转火焰的燃烧特性进行了实验研究。考察了整体等效比（φ）和掺氨比（XNH3）对火焰化学发光特性的影响。结果表明，在弱湍流旋转火焰中，火焰化学发光光谱在280 ~ 400 nm紫外波段和400 ~ 800 nm可见光波段之间表现出明显的差异。随着XNH3的增加，紫外光谱的化学发光强度降低，可见光谱的化学发光强度增强。值得注意的是，火焰背景辐射也表现出类似的趋势。关键自由基（OH∗,NH∗,CN∗，CH∗和NH2∗）的综合化学发光强度随φ的增大呈现出一种非单调的趋势，即在达到峰值前先增大后减小。此外，OH∗、CN∗和CH∗的化学发光强度随XNH3浓度的增加而降低，而在相同条件下NH2∗的化学发光强度则呈现相反的增强趋势。CH∗/OH∗、NH2∗/OH∗和NH2∗/CH∗的强度比对φ和XNH3的变化敏感。其中，NH2∗/CH∗可以作为φ和XNH3的单调变化趋势的标志。火焰的动态特性可以用OH *和NH *等激发态自由基的化学发光强度波动来表示。在目前的实验条件下，NO发射与归一化化学发光强度（OH∗/NH∗/CN∗/CH∗/NH2∗）之间存在显著的定量相关性。这些发现为开发氨/甲烷燃烧应用中的化学发光诊断策略提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon-based catalysts for methane dry reforming: Advances, challenges, and prospects 甲烷干重整碳基催化剂：进展、挑战和前景

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102342

Guangbing Zhao , Dong Shen , Shihua Zheng , Jiuhong Wei , Ying Wang , Yuqiong Zhao , Jun Liu , Guoqiang Li , Guojie Zhang

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising catalytic process that converts two major greenhouse gases—methane (CH₄), and carbon dioxide (CO₂)—into syngas with a near-unity H₂/CO ratio, offering both environmental and economic benefits. As a key technology in China's "dual carbon" strategy, DRM faces challenges from catalyst deactivation due to coking and sintering of active metal sites. Carbon-based materials are promising supports for DRM catalysts due to their high surface area, porous structure, and corrosion resistance. These materials help prevent sintering by dispersing active metal nanoparticles, while their surface electronic effects enhance CH₄ activation and reduce carbon deposition. This review discusses the structural and physicochemical properties of various carbon materials—such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, biochar, graphene, and hydrochar—and their roles in DRM. It also covers strategies for metal loading, support modifications (e.g., heteroatom doping and defect engineering), composite synergies, and the influence of preparation methods like microwave-assisted synthesis and solid-state techniques on catalyst performance. Finally, it addresses key challenges such as high-temperature stability and long-term coke resistance, offering insights and future directions for advancing carbon-based catalysts in DRM applications.

甲烷干重整（DRM）是一种很有前途的催化过程，它将两种主要的温室气体——甲烷（CH4）和二氧化碳（CO2）——转化为H2/CO比接近统一的合成气，具有环境和经济效益。作为中国“双碳”战略的关键技术，DRM面临着由于活性金属位点的焦化和烧结导致催化剂失活的挑战。碳基材料因其高表面积、多孔结构和耐腐蚀性而成为DRM催化剂的有希望的支撑材料。这些材料通过分散活性金属纳米颗粒来防止烧结，同时它们的表面电子效应增强了CH4的活化，减少了碳沉积。本文综述了活性炭、碳纳米管、生物炭、石墨烯和碳氢化合物等各种碳材料的结构和物理化学性质及其在DRM中的作用。它还涵盖了金属负载策略，支持修饰（例如，杂原子掺杂和缺陷工程），复合材料协同作用，以及微波辅助合成和固态技术等制备方法对催化剂性能的影响。最后，它解决了高温稳定性和长期抗焦性等关键挑战，为推进碳基催化剂在DRM应用中的应用提供了见解和未来方向。

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Decoupling study on volatiles-char interaction during co-pyrolysis of dry/wet torrefied biomass and coal: Influence of pyrolysis temperature 干湿碳化生物质与煤共热解过程中挥发物-炭相互作用的解耦研究：热解温度的影响

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102347

Yali Gao , Na Gao , Ziliang Zhang , Dengyu Chen , Jiaofei Wang , Xudong Song , Guangsuo Yu , Juntao Wei

Torrefied biomass-coal co-pyrolysis was a promising route to realize high-efficiency utilization of renewable and fossil energy. Volatiles-char interaction during co-pyrolysis impacts char structure and downstream applications. However, the relevant mechanism remains unclear, and thus decoupling study was necessary. In this study, dry/wet torrefied biomass (RST300/RSH300) was prepared at 300 °C using autoclave reactor and fixed-bed reactor, respectively. Decoupled co-pyrolysis experiments were subsequently conducted at different pyrolysis temperatures (600, 700 and 800 °C) using a staged fixed-bed reactor. Furthermore, various structural characterization techniques (SEM, Raman and FTIR) were coupled to explore the pathway influencing the char structure evolution. The decoupling studies of RST/RSH300-BC co-pyrolysis showed that compared to BC char from individual pyrolysis, RST-BC co-pyrolysis led to significantly more surface deposits. In contrast, RSH-BC co-pyrolysis produced BC char with diverse crack morphologies. At all temperatures, the -OH and C=C peak intensities in RSH-BC chars were much higher than in RST-BC chars. The graphitic ordering of BC chars from both co-pyrolysis systems decreased compared to individual pyrolysis, with RSH300-BC showing a more pronounced reduction. The decoupling results of BC-RST/RSH300 revealed that compared to individual RST/RSH chars, co-pyrolyzed RST char had partially blocked cracks at 700 °C and 800 °C. Both co-pyrolyzed RST/RSH300 char showed higher -OH and C-O-C peak intensities. Notably, at 600 °C and 700 °C, the graphitic ordering improved in both co-pyrolyzed RST/RSH300 chars, with RSH chars showing significant enhancement.

碳化生物质-煤共热解是实现可再生能源和化石能源高效利用的一条很有前途的途径。共热解过程中挥发物-焦炭相互作用影响焦炭结构和下游应用。然而，相关机制尚不清楚，因此有必要进行解耦研究。在300℃的高温下，采用蒸压釜反应器和固定床反应器分别制备干/湿碳化生物质（RST300/RSH300）。随后，采用分段固定床反应器在不同热解温度（600、700和800℃）下进行解耦共热解实验。此外，还结合了多种结构表征技术（SEM， Raman和FTIR）来探索影响炭结构演变的途径。RST/RSH300-BC共热解的解耦研究表明，与单独热解的BC焦相比，RST-BC共热解产生的表面沉积物明显更多。相比之下，RSH-BC共热解产生的BC焦具有不同的裂纹形态。在所有温度下，RSH-BC炭的-OH和C=C峰强度都明显高于RST-BC炭。与单独热解相比，两种共热解体系的BC炭的石墨有序度都有所下降，其中RSH300-BC的下降更为明显。BC-RST/RSH300的解耦结果表明，与单独的RST/RSH相比，共热解的RST在700℃和800℃时部分堵塞了裂缝。两种共热解RST/RSH300焦均表现出较高的-OH和C-O-C峰强度。值得注意的是，在600°C和700°C时，RST/RSH300共热解炭的石墨有序度都得到了改善，其中RSH炭的石墨有序度得到了显著提高。

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引用次数: 0