G. El Enany, N. Nagui, H. Nada, M. Fawzy, Iman Sany, A. Nada, Heba A. Kader, Omar El Ghanam
Livedoid vasculopathies are a group of heterogeneous disorders featuring cutaneous ischemia. Common pathological features include perivascular fibrinoid deposition with absence of evident features of vasculitis. Livedo reticularis is a pattern of vascular reticular pigmentary changes that associate in some conditions and disorders, reflecting the underlying mechanism of predominantly arterial ischemic event. In this case report, we present a 43-year-old female patient who developed a bilateral multiple hyperpigmented nonpruritic lesions on both arms and thighs with spontaneous skin ulcerations of 3-month duration. The biopsy results revealed characteristics consistent with vasculopathy. The patient has showed a remarkable improvement on combination of cyclosporin and dapsone.
{"title":"Primary livedoid vasculopathy with livedo reticularis: a report of a case successfully treated with cyclosporine and dapsone","authors":"G. El Enany, N. Nagui, H. Nada, M. Fawzy, Iman Sany, A. Nada, Heba A. Kader, Omar El Ghanam","doi":"10.4103/jewd.jewd_66_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jewd.jewd_66_20","url":null,"abstract":"Livedoid vasculopathies are a group of heterogeneous disorders featuring cutaneous ischemia. Common pathological features include perivascular fibrinoid deposition with absence of evident features of vasculitis. Livedo reticularis is a pattern of vascular reticular pigmentary changes that associate in some conditions and disorders, reflecting the underlying mechanism of predominantly arterial ischemic event. In this case report, we present a 43-year-old female patient who developed a bilateral multiple hyperpigmented nonpruritic lesions on both arms and thighs with spontaneous skin ulcerations of 3-month duration. The biopsy results revealed characteristics consistent with vasculopathy. The patient has showed a remarkable improvement on combination of cyclosporin and dapsone.","PeriodicalId":17298,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"142 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48956990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Pseudo-acanthosis nigricans (pseudo-AN) is a common clinical scenario, which can be challenging to treat. Evaluating the efficacy of different therapeutic conditions requires a clinical outcome measure. Objective To compare the novel score acanthosis nigricans area and severity index (ANASI) with a conventional severity scale. Patients and methods A total of 20 patients with neck pseudo-AN were enrolled in the study. Each side of the neck was randomly subjected to receiving biweekly three sessions of either glycolic acid peel 70% or saline (serving as a control). Evaluation was done at baseline and 1 week after the last session by ANASI score versus a simple categorical 0–4 severity scale. For evaluating interrater and intrarater reliability and validity, six raters were asked to evaluate each side of the neck before and after treatment by both the ANASI and severity scale. Results Glycolic acid caused a 43% and a 13% improvement according to the ANASI scoring system and the severity scale, respectively, with a highly statistical significance between both. ANASI score showed good reliability across and between raters and was considered valid when compared with the severity scale. Conclusion ANASI is an easy-to-apply and reproducible scoring system that lessens the bias in subjective evaluation; thus, it offers accurate quantification of pseudo-AN. ANASI score is a reliable and valid measure for AN skin lesions.
{"title":"Use of a novel quantitative tool for evaluation of pseudo-acanthosis nigricans: acanthosis nigricans area and severity index (ANASI)","authors":"N. Zaki, R. Hilal","doi":"10.4103/jewd.jewd_65_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jewd.jewd_65_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background Pseudo-acanthosis nigricans (pseudo-AN) is a common clinical scenario, which can be challenging to treat. Evaluating the efficacy of different therapeutic conditions requires a clinical outcome measure. Objective To compare the novel score acanthosis nigricans area and severity index (ANASI) with a conventional severity scale. Patients and methods A total of 20 patients with neck pseudo-AN were enrolled in the study. Each side of the neck was randomly subjected to receiving biweekly three sessions of either glycolic acid peel 70% or saline (serving as a control). Evaluation was done at baseline and 1 week after the last session by ANASI score versus a simple categorical 0–4 severity scale. For evaluating interrater and intrarater reliability and validity, six raters were asked to evaluate each side of the neck before and after treatment by both the ANASI and severity scale. Results Glycolic acid caused a 43% and a 13% improvement according to the ANASI scoring system and the severity scale, respectively, with a highly statistical significance between both. ANASI score showed good reliability across and between raters and was considered valid when compared with the severity scale. Conclusion ANASI is an easy-to-apply and reproducible scoring system that lessens the bias in subjective evaluation; thus, it offers accurate quantification of pseudo-AN. ANASI score is a reliable and valid measure for AN skin lesions.","PeriodicalId":17298,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"119 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47689419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The diagnostic and prognostic significance of cutaneous affection in COVID-19 remains unclear. Some of the reported skin manifestations including erythema multiforme were considered associated cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Furthermore, it was suggested that erythema multiforme can be associated with good prognosis for COVID-19 infection. This case report, likewise, describes a patient with mild symptoms of COVID-19, presenting with localized erythema multiforme-like lesions of the palms. The skin lesions appeared before receiving any medications. This supports that erythema multiforme can be a cutaneous presentation of COVID-19, rather than a drug eruption.
{"title":"Nondrug-related erythema multiforme-like eruption in a mild case of COVID-19","authors":"Mona El-Kalioby","doi":"10.4103/jewd.jewd_64_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jewd.jewd_64_20","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnostic and prognostic significance of cutaneous affection in COVID-19 remains unclear. Some of the reported skin manifestations including erythema multiforme were considered associated cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Furthermore, it was suggested that erythema multiforme can be associated with good prognosis for COVID-19 infection. This case report, likewise, describes a patient with mild symptoms of COVID-19, presenting with localized erythema multiforme-like lesions of the palms. The skin lesions appeared before receiving any medications. This supports that erythema multiforme can be a cutaneous presentation of COVID-19, rather than a drug eruption.","PeriodicalId":17298,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"147 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42831273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghada M. El-Hanafy, H. Nada, L. Rashed, M. Mousa, M. Elmasry
Background Autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process that is essential for the cell viability, homeostasis, and maintenance. Objective To measure microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, and beclin 1 as indicators of autophagy and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as indicators of oxidative stress in patients with vitiligo. Patients and methods This comparative case–control study was conducted on 20 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo as well as 20 controls. LC3-I, LC3-II, and beclin 1 tissue expressions were detected by western blot analysis, whereas MDA and SOD were measured by the colorimetry method in the tissue homogenate. Results The LC3-I, LC3-II, beclin 1, and SOD levels were significantly lower in lesional skin than nonlesional skin of patients as well as both lesional and nonlesional skin of patients than controls (P<0.001). On the contrary, the level of MDA was significantly higher in lesional skin than nonlesional skin of patients as well as both lesional and nonlesional skin of patients than controls (P<0.001). Conclusion Downregulated autophagy as evident by downregulated levels of autophagic markers together with dysregulated oxidative stress species could play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, and optimizing autophagy could open a new era in vitiligo treatment.
{"title":"Expression of the autophagic markers, light chain 3-I, light chain 3-II, and beclin 1, in vitiligo: a case–control study","authors":"Ghada M. El-Hanafy, H. Nada, L. Rashed, M. Mousa, M. Elmasry","doi":"10.4103/jewd.jewd_53_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jewd.jewd_53_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background Autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process that is essential for the cell viability, homeostasis, and maintenance. Objective To measure microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, and beclin 1 as indicators of autophagy and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as indicators of oxidative stress in patients with vitiligo. Patients and methods This comparative case–control study was conducted on 20 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo as well as 20 controls. LC3-I, LC3-II, and beclin 1 tissue expressions were detected by western blot analysis, whereas MDA and SOD were measured by the colorimetry method in the tissue homogenate. Results The LC3-I, LC3-II, beclin 1, and SOD levels were significantly lower in lesional skin than nonlesional skin of patients as well as both lesional and nonlesional skin of patients than controls (P<0.001). On the contrary, the level of MDA was significantly higher in lesional skin than nonlesional skin of patients as well as both lesional and nonlesional skin of patients than controls (P<0.001). Conclusion Downregulated autophagy as evident by downregulated levels of autophagic markers together with dysregulated oxidative stress species could play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, and optimizing autophagy could open a new era in vitiligo treatment.","PeriodicalId":17298,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"89 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45601149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf (AKV) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. It can be characterized by warty papules with a symmetrical distribution involving dorsae of hands and feet. It can also involve elbows, knees, nails, and palms. It is more frequently seen in childhood but can also occur in adults. Various treatment methods have been tried, but superficial ablation is known to be the treatment of choice. In this case, an adult male with breast carcinoma who was also hepatitis B and C reactive presented with flesh-colored papular eruptions over bilateral hands and feet. No familial association was another unusual finding in this case. It has to be differentiated from Darier’s disease. Histopathology helped to confirm the diagnosis of AKV. Moreover, the findings pointed toward the sporadic form of AKV in our patient. Rarity of data regarding the association of immunosuppression and AKV makes this an intriguing case.
{"title":"Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf in an immunosuppressed adult: an exclusive occurrence","authors":"Guneet Awal, Parwaaz Matharoo, Simplepreet Kaur","doi":"10.4103/jewd.jewd_9_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jewd.jewd_9_21","url":null,"abstract":"Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf (AKV) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. It can be characterized by warty papules with a symmetrical distribution involving dorsae of hands and feet. It can also involve elbows, knees, nails, and palms. It is more frequently seen in childhood but can also occur in adults. Various treatment methods have been tried, but superficial ablation is known to be the treatment of choice. In this case, an adult male with breast carcinoma who was also hepatitis B and C reactive presented with flesh-colored papular eruptions over bilateral hands and feet. No familial association was another unusual finding in this case. It has to be differentiated from Darier’s disease. Histopathology helped to confirm the diagnosis of AKV. Moreover, the findings pointed toward the sporadic form of AKV in our patient. Rarity of data regarding the association of immunosuppression and AKV makes this an intriguing case.","PeriodicalId":17298,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"150 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42039093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum: Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and IL17A and their association with acne severity in patients with severe and very severe acne vulgaris","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/jewd.jewd_23_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jewd.jewd_23_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17298,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"159 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45880560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Metwally, L. Rashed, A. Badr, Doaa Elqadi, R. Hilal
Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the skin, in which an elevated expression of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), an enzyme involved in the final processing of major histocompatibility complex-I ligands, was reported. No previous reports studied the level of ERAP1 in lesional and nonlesional skin of psoriatic patients. Objective To estimate the level of ERAP1 expression in lesional and nonlesional skin of psoriatic patients and the skin of healthy controls to define its role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Patients and methods In this case–control study, 25 psoriatic patients and 30 healthy, age-matched and sex-matched controls were enrolled. All patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination, including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score to determine severity of psoriasis. Skin biopsies were obtained from all participants: two from psoriatic patients (lesional and nonlesional) and one from healthy controls. ERAP1 level was measured using PCR technique. Results There was a highly significant level of expression of ERAP1 in psoriatic lesions when compared with control skin (P<0.001). Moreover, ERAP1 in nonlesional tissue in psoriatic patients was significantly higher than in controls (P<0.001). ERAP1 expression in lesional tissue was higher than that in nonlesional tissue, but without a significant difference. Moreover, a positive correlation was detected between lesional tissue ERAP1 level and PASI score. Nonlesional tissue ERAP1 also correlated positively with the PASI score. Conclusion This study, which is the first to measure tissue ERAP1 expression, demonstrated an increased expression in psoriatic skin, in addition to its positive correlation with disease severity. This implied the role of ERAP1 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, thus encouraging the study of future treatment modalities targeting ERAP1 pathway that could revolutionize treatment for psoriasis.
{"title":"Estimation of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 level of expression in lesional and nonlesional skin of psoriatic patients and healthy controls","authors":"D. Metwally, L. Rashed, A. Badr, Doaa Elqadi, R. Hilal","doi":"10.4103/jewd.jewd_5_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jewd.jewd_5_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the skin, in which an elevated expression of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), an enzyme involved in the final processing of major histocompatibility complex-I ligands, was reported. No previous reports studied the level of ERAP1 in lesional and nonlesional skin of psoriatic patients. Objective To estimate the level of ERAP1 expression in lesional and nonlesional skin of psoriatic patients and the skin of healthy controls to define its role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Patients and methods In this case–control study, 25 psoriatic patients and 30 healthy, age-matched and sex-matched controls were enrolled. All patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination, including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score to determine severity of psoriasis. Skin biopsies were obtained from all participants: two from psoriatic patients (lesional and nonlesional) and one from healthy controls. ERAP1 level was measured using PCR technique. Results There was a highly significant level of expression of ERAP1 in psoriatic lesions when compared with control skin (P<0.001). Moreover, ERAP1 in nonlesional tissue in psoriatic patients was significantly higher than in controls (P<0.001). ERAP1 expression in lesional tissue was higher than that in nonlesional tissue, but without a significant difference. Moreover, a positive correlation was detected between lesional tissue ERAP1 level and PASI score. Nonlesional tissue ERAP1 also correlated positively with the PASI score. Conclusion This study, which is the first to measure tissue ERAP1 expression, demonstrated an increased expression in psoriatic skin, in addition to its positive correlation with disease severity. This implied the role of ERAP1 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, thus encouraging the study of future treatment modalities targeting ERAP1 pathway that could revolutionize treatment for psoriasis.","PeriodicalId":17298,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"129 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48385033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sally S. El Tawab, M. Eldeeb, Yousra Abdel- Fattahah
Background Psoriasis can affect skin, as well as articular and extra-articular tissues. It has a multifactorial pathogenesis in which vitamin D has been implicated. Objective To assess vitamin D status in patients with skin psoriasis (PsO) and/or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and its correlation with disease activity and quality of life (QOL) in a cohort of Egyptian patients. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study included 45 patients, divided into group A (21 patients) with PsO and group B (24 patients) with PsA, as well as 38 healthy controls as group C. Disease activity and QOL were assessed in all patients. The serum total 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level was measured for all participants. Results The median psoriasis area severity index was 8.4 (0.8–45.8) in group A and 10.9 (0.9–44.4) in group B. The median dermatology life quality index in group A was 7 (2–18) and in group B was 12 (3–30). In group B, the mean disease activity in PsA was 40.2±21.2 and PsAQOL was 14.5±4.18. Serum 25(OH)D levels were not statistically different among the three studies groups (H=4.213 at P=0.122). However, the receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff value (26.8 ng/ml) showed that group C had a statistically higher number of participants with normal vitamin D status compared with groups A and B. Conclusion Although a higher percentage of vitamin D deficiency may be found among patients with PsO and PsA, 25(OH)D levels did not correlate with different parameters in both patient groups.
{"title":"Vitamin D in skin psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: where does it stand?","authors":"Sally S. El Tawab, M. Eldeeb, Yousra Abdel- Fattahah","doi":"10.4103/jewd.jewd_57_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jewd.jewd_57_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background Psoriasis can affect skin, as well as articular and extra-articular tissues. It has a multifactorial pathogenesis in which vitamin D has been implicated. Objective To assess vitamin D status in patients with skin psoriasis (PsO) and/or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and its correlation with disease activity and quality of life (QOL) in a cohort of Egyptian patients. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study included 45 patients, divided into group A (21 patients) with PsO and group B (24 patients) with PsA, as well as 38 healthy controls as group C. Disease activity and QOL were assessed in all patients. The serum total 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level was measured for all participants. Results The median psoriasis area severity index was 8.4 (0.8–45.8) in group A and 10.9 (0.9–44.4) in group B. The median dermatology life quality index in group A was 7 (2–18) and in group B was 12 (3–30). In group B, the mean disease activity in PsA was 40.2±21.2 and PsAQOL was 14.5±4.18. Serum 25(OH)D levels were not statistically different among the three studies groups (H=4.213 at P=0.122). However, the receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff value (26.8 ng/ml) showed that group C had a statistically higher number of participants with normal vitamin D status compared with groups A and B. Conclusion Although a higher percentage of vitamin D deficiency may be found among patients with PsO and PsA, 25(OH)D levels did not correlate with different parameters in both patient groups.","PeriodicalId":17298,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"97 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45661603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Traction alopecia (TA) is common among women of African descent. There is limited information on the etiology and predisposing factors for TA among adolescents in Nigeria. This information is fundamental in changing hair grooming habits, which result in the development of TA in adult women. Objective To determine the prevalence, pattern, trichoscopic features, and risk factors for TA among adolescents in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Patients and methods This was a cross-sectional study among 333 adolescents selected from secondary schools in Keffi. The students were interviewed to determine their hair care practices and symptoms of TA. The participants were examined for the presence of TA, and trichoscopy was done for those with TA. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 Statistical software. Results The prevalence of TA was 15.1%. The temporal pattern (54.9%) was the commonest pattern. The trichoscopic features were the presence of peripilar casts (45.1%) and perifollicular halos (43.3%). TA was associated with many variables, but the identified risk factors after logistic regression were frequency of relaxing the hair (P=0.022), duration of covering hair (P=0.022), family economic status (P=0.023), and self-reported presence of dandruff (P=0.001). Conclusion TA occurs among adolescents in northern Nigeria. Increased frequency of relaxing the hair increases the risk of having TA, whereas the use of head scarfs reduced the chance of acquiring it. Further studies are required to evaluate the effect of hair covers on TA.
{"title":"Traction alopecia among adolescents in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Okoro, R. Barminas, A. Imam, A. Ogunbiyi","doi":"10.4103/jewd.jewd_17_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jewd.jewd_17_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Traction alopecia (TA) is common among women of African descent. There is limited information on the etiology and predisposing factors for TA among adolescents in Nigeria. This information is fundamental in changing hair grooming habits, which result in the development of TA in adult women. Objective To determine the prevalence, pattern, trichoscopic features, and risk factors for TA among adolescents in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Patients and methods This was a cross-sectional study among 333 adolescents selected from secondary schools in Keffi. The students were interviewed to determine their hair care practices and symptoms of TA. The participants were examined for the presence of TA, and trichoscopy was done for those with TA. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 Statistical software. Results The prevalence of TA was 15.1%. The temporal pattern (54.9%) was the commonest pattern. The trichoscopic features were the presence of peripilar casts (45.1%) and perifollicular halos (43.3%). TA was associated with many variables, but the identified risk factors after logistic regression were frequency of relaxing the hair (P=0.022), duration of covering hair (P=0.022), family economic status (P=0.023), and self-reported presence of dandruff (P=0.001). Conclusion TA occurs among adolescents in northern Nigeria. Increased frequency of relaxing the hair increases the risk of having TA, whereas the use of head scarfs reduced the chance of acquiring it. Further studies are required to evaluate the effect of hair covers on TA.","PeriodicalId":17298,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"135 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45729250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Farag, A. Maree, R. Samaka, Mai Zalata, W. Shehata
Background Psoriasis is a common chronic recurrent immune-mediated disease of the skin. Liver X receptor-alpha (LXR-α) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. LXR-α was found to be expressed in the skin. Objective To assess immunohistochemical expression of LXR-α in psoriatic (perilesional and perilesional) skin compared with control and to correlate its expression with the clinical and histopathological parameters of that disease in the studied patients. Patients and methods This case–control study was carried out on 76 participants, including 38 patients having chronic plaque psoriasis, besides 38 age-matched and sex-matched apparently normal volunteers (control group). The severity of psoriasis was assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. The skin biopsies were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining of LXR-α. Results There was a significant stepladder downregulation of LXR-α from control to perilesional psoriatic skin, ending with lesional psoriatic skin, regarding its expression and H score in epidermis and dermal elements (P<0.001 for all). In the dermis, LXR-α topography was cytoplasmic in all psoriatic (perilesional and lesional) skin sections (100%) versus 22.2% in controls, where it was nucleocytoplasmic in 28 (77.8%) sections. Moreover, epidermal keratinocytes LXR-α demonstrated cytoplasmic localization in nearly all psoriatic sections (100% lesional and 90.9% perilesional) versus 18.9% controls (P<0.001). Conclusion Decreased LXR-α in psoriatic tissue may participate actively in psoriasis. LXR-α agonist may be of value in psoriasis management program.
银屑病是一种常见的慢性复发性免疫介导的皮肤疾病。肝X受体α (Liver X receptor -α， LXR-α)是核受体转录因子家族的一员。LXR-α在皮肤中表达。目的评价LXR-α在银屑病(病灶周围和病灶周围)皮肤中的免疫组织化学表达，并与银屑病患者的临床和组织病理学参数进行比较。患者与方法本研究共纳入76例受试者，其中慢性斑块型银屑病患者38例，年龄与性别匹配的正常受试者38例(对照组)。用银屑病面积和严重程度指数评分评价银屑病的严重程度。皮肤活检采用苏木精和伊红染色，LXR-α免疫组化染色。结果LXR-α在银屑病皮肤表皮和真皮组织中的表达和H评分均呈阶梯状下调(P均<0.001)。在真皮层，LXR-α地形在所有银屑病(病灶周围和病变)皮肤切片中(100%)为细胞质，而对照组为22.2%，其中28个切片(77.8%)为核胞质。此外，表皮角质形成细胞LXR-α在几乎所有银屑病切片(100%病变和90.9%病变周围)中显示细胞质定位，而对照组为18.9% (P<0.001)。结论银屑病组织中LXR-α的降低可能积极参与银屑病的发生。LXR-α激动剂在银屑病治疗方案中具有一定的应用价值。
{"title":"Expression of liver X receptor-α in lesional and perilesional skin in patients with psoriasis vulgaris","authors":"A. Farag, A. Maree, R. Samaka, Mai Zalata, W. Shehata","doi":"10.4103/jewd.jewd_55_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jewd.jewd_55_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background Psoriasis is a common chronic recurrent immune-mediated disease of the skin. Liver X receptor-alpha (LXR-α) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. LXR-α was found to be expressed in the skin. Objective To assess immunohistochemical expression of LXR-α in psoriatic (perilesional and perilesional) skin compared with control and to correlate its expression with the clinical and histopathological parameters of that disease in the studied patients. Patients and methods This case–control study was carried out on 76 participants, including 38 patients having chronic plaque psoriasis, besides 38 age-matched and sex-matched apparently normal volunteers (control group). The severity of psoriasis was assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. The skin biopsies were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining of LXR-α. Results There was a significant stepladder downregulation of LXR-α from control to perilesional psoriatic skin, ending with lesional psoriatic skin, regarding its expression and H score in epidermis and dermal elements (P<0.001 for all). In the dermis, LXR-α topography was cytoplasmic in all psoriatic (perilesional and lesional) skin sections (100%) versus 22.2% in controls, where it was nucleocytoplasmic in 28 (77.8%) sections. Moreover, epidermal keratinocytes LXR-α demonstrated cytoplasmic localization in nearly all psoriatic sections (100% lesional and 90.9% perilesional) versus 18.9% controls (P<0.001). Conclusion Decreased LXR-α in psoriatic tissue may participate actively in psoriasis. LXR-α agonist may be of value in psoriasis management program.","PeriodicalId":17298,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"52 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42611908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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