<h2>1 INTRODUCTION</h2> <p>Vision plays a central role in the ecology of many organisms, shaping the outcomes of their interactions with each other and the environment (e.g. predator–prey; host–parasite). The evolution of visual systems is impacted by variation in visual traits (e.g. coloration; Endler et al., <span>2005</span>), which can have signalling roles but which may also have <i>non-signalling functions</i> that have significant and synergistic effects (Koneru & Caro, <span>2022</span>). Importantly, animal coloration, which derives from diverse pigments and structures and is shaped by numerous biotic and abiotic factors, occurs in both integumentary structures (i.e. skin, fur, feathers, beaks, scales and shells), and non-integumentary structures (i.e. inner organs and blood; Hill & McGraw, <span>2006</span>). Because integumentary structures are the component that interacts directly with the environment, this is the tissue that is most likely to have an impact on the evolution of visual systems and is thus the focus of this perspective. To date, substantial progress has been made on our understanding of how organisms detect visual cues including the precise estimations of colour vision and visual capabilities (e.g. Maia et al., <span>2019</span>; van den Berg et al., <span>2020</span>; Vorobyev & Osorio, <span>1998</span>) and how specific visual systems may be influenced by their environments (e.g. Endler, <span>1992</span>; Härer et al., <span>2018</span>; Leal & Fleishman, <span>2002</span>). However, given the range of pigmented integumentary tissues that occur in nature (Figure 1), there is still much to learn about the non-visual functional significance of these pigments and how they may subsequently influence visual systems, particularly as global change alters selective landscapes (Koneru & Caro, <span>2022</span>; Rojas, <span>2016</span>).</p> <figure><picture> <source media="(min-width: 1650px)" srcset="/cms/asset/94a9c412-9249-4738-af22-4d7536a95a5b/fec14656-fig-0001-m.jpg"/><img alt="Details are in the caption following the image" data-lg-src="/cms/asset/94a9c412-9249-4738-af22-4d7536a95a5b/fec14656-fig-0001-m.jpg" loading="lazy" src="/cms/asset/8f3c678a-dc9e-4d42-a7f2-aa2c9bbe2ad9/fec14656-fig-0001-m.png" title="Details are in the caption following the image"/></picture><figcaption> <div><strong>FIGURE 1<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></strong><div>Open in figure viewer<i aria-hidden="true"></i><span>PowerPoint</span></div> </div> <div>Pigments are used to make the wide variety of animal coloration displayed here. Pigments used for signals have to date been given the most attention for the likely impacts of global change on their display. However, many of the pigments above actually have non-visual or unknown functions. (a) The function of the low and high melanin concentrations in the, respectively, light and dark polymorphs of these timber rattlesnakes (<i>Crotalus horridus</i>) are unknown. (
{"title":"A call to integrate non-visual functions of pigments and their interactions with visual functions to understand global change impacts on visual systems","authors":"Beth A. Reinke, Julian D. Avery, Jessica Hua","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14656","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>1 INTRODUCTION</h2>\u0000<p>Vision plays a central role in the ecology of many organisms, shaping the outcomes of their interactions with each other and the environment (e.g. predator–prey; host–parasite). The evolution of visual systems is impacted by variation in visual traits (e.g. coloration; Endler et al., <span>2005</span>), which can have signalling roles but which may also have <i>non-signalling functions</i> that have significant and synergistic effects (Koneru & Caro, <span>2022</span>). Importantly, animal coloration, which derives from diverse pigments and structures and is shaped by numerous biotic and abiotic factors, occurs in both integumentary structures (i.e. skin, fur, feathers, beaks, scales and shells), and non-integumentary structures (i.e. inner organs and blood; Hill & McGraw, <span>2006</span>). Because integumentary structures are the component that interacts directly with the environment, this is the tissue that is most likely to have an impact on the evolution of visual systems and is thus the focus of this perspective. To date, substantial progress has been made on our understanding of how organisms detect visual cues including the precise estimations of colour vision and visual capabilities (e.g. Maia et al., <span>2019</span>; van den Berg et al., <span>2020</span>; Vorobyev & Osorio, <span>1998</span>) and how specific visual systems may be influenced by their environments (e.g. Endler, <span>1992</span>; Härer et al., <span>2018</span>; Leal & Fleishman, <span>2002</span>). However, given the range of pigmented integumentary tissues that occur in nature (Figure 1), there is still much to learn about the non-visual functional significance of these pigments and how they may subsequently influence visual systems, particularly as global change alters selective landscapes (Koneru & Caro, <span>2022</span>; Rojas, <span>2016</span>).</p>\u0000<figure><picture>\u0000<source media=\"(min-width: 1650px)\" srcset=\"/cms/asset/94a9c412-9249-4738-af22-4d7536a95a5b/fec14656-fig-0001-m.jpg\"/><img alt=\"Details are in the caption following the image\" data-lg-src=\"/cms/asset/94a9c412-9249-4738-af22-4d7536a95a5b/fec14656-fig-0001-m.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"/cms/asset/8f3c678a-dc9e-4d42-a7f2-aa2c9bbe2ad9/fec14656-fig-0001-m.png\" title=\"Details are in the caption following the image\"/></picture><figcaption>\u0000<div><strong>FIGURE 1<span style=\"font-weight:normal\"></span></strong><div>Open in figure viewer<i aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><span>PowerPoint</span></div>\u0000</div>\u0000<div>Pigments are used to make the wide variety of animal coloration displayed here. Pigments used for signals have to date been given the most attention for the likely impacts of global change on their display. However, many of the pigments above actually have non-visual or unknown functions. (a) The function of the low and high melanin concentrations in the, respectively, light and dark polymorphs of these timber rattlesnakes (<i>Crotalus horridus</i>) are unknown. (","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal acclimation of photosynthetic thermal tolerances in six woody tropical species along a thermal gradient","authors":"Alyssa T. Kullberg, Kenneth J. Feeley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14657","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2435.14657","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p>Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.</p>","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"38 11","pages":"2493-2505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2435.14657","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Host community structure can shape pathogen outbreak dynamics through a phylogenetic dilution effect","authors":"Marjolein E. M. Toorians, Isabel M. Smallegange, T. Jonathan Davies","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14641","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2435.14641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p>Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.</p>","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"38 10","pages":"2169-2183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2435.14641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zijian Guo, Wenhao Miao, Yueming Lyu, Xiangping Wang
Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
随着叶片质量投入的增加，资源获取能力的收益会逐渐降低，这就是所谓的 "收益递减"，它为植物经济提供了重要的启示。然而，细根是否也存在这种情况，以及根系获取资源的策略如何随着森林演替而变化，目前仍不清楚。我们研究了中国西南部西双版纳热带雨林四个演替阶段 24 个地块 215 个表土核心的细根长度（L）和质量（M）之间的比例关系。我们还利用层次变异分配法评估了土壤条件、叶片功能特征、树种多样性和土壤真菌因素对长度与质量比例关系的相对影响。我们的研究结果表明，根系长度的收益递减（L vs. M比例指数<1）在晚演替森林中高于早演替森林，这与晚演替阶段的 "自己动手 "策略转变为早演替阶段土壤真菌的 "外包 "资源吸收策略相对应。土壤真菌丰度是各地块L与M比例指数变化的主要驱动因素（解释了58%的变异），其中根内生真菌是最强的预测因子（22.11%），其次是菌根真菌（10.41%），而其他因子（叶片功能特征、土壤养分条件和树种多样性）的影响较弱。我们的研究结果表明，根内生真菌和菌根真菌是森林演替过程中根系经济变化的关键调节因子，但前者以前较少受到关注。与常用的比根长度相比，L 与 M 的比例指数可能是根系资源获取策略变化的更好指标。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
{"title":"Soil fungi lead to stronger ‘diminishing returns’ in fine-root length versus mass allometry towards earlier successional tropical forests","authors":"Zijian Guo, Wenhao Miao, Yueming Lyu, Xiangping Wang","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14654","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2435.14654","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p>Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.</p>","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"38 11","pages":"2406-2420"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2435.14654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changing plant phosphorus acquisition strategies in relation to altered soil phosphorus fractions after wetland drainage","authors":"Zhenhui Jiang, Wanqing Luo, Erxiong Zhu, Yunpeng Zhao, Chengzhu Liu, Lei Zhou, Xiaojuan Feng","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14653","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2435.14653","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p>Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.</p>","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"38 11","pages":"2433-2446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2435.14653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Higher phosphorus and water use efficiencies and leaf stoichiometry contribute to legume success in drylands","authors":"Delia M. Acuña-Acosta, Alejandro E. Castellanos, José M. Llano-Sotelo, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas, José R. Romo-Leon, George W. Koch","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14648","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2435.14648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p>Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.</p>","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"38 10","pages":"2271-2285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2435.14648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probing the functional significance of wild animal microbiomes using omics data","authors":"Sarah F. Worsley, Elin Videvall, Xavier A. Harrison, Johannes R. Björk, Florent Mazel, Klara M. Wanelik","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14650","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2435.14650","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p>Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.</p>","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"38 11","pages":"2329-2349"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2435.14650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental and ecological drivers of eye size variation in a freshwater predator: A trade-off between foraging and predation risk","authors":"Matilda L. Andersson, Kristin Scharnweber, Peter Eklöv","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14655","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2435.14655","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p>Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.</p>","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"38 11","pages":"2470-2477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2435.14655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Below-ground traits, rare species and environmental stress regulate the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship","authors":"Greta La Bella, Alicia T. R. Acosta, Tommaso Jucker, Alessandro Bricca, Daniela Ciccarelli, Angela Stanisci, Melania Migliore, Marta Carboni","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14649","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2435.14649","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p>Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.</p>","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"38 11","pages":"2378-2394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2435.14649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stav Livne‐Luzon, Hagar Fox, Rotem Cahanovitc, Alon Rapaport, Tamir Klein
Despite gaining significant attention in recent years, it remains unclear whether mycorrhizal fungi distribute meaningful amounts of resources among trees in ways that increase the fitness of the receiving trees. To investigate this, we used pairs of shaded and unshaded Pinus halepensis or Quercus calliprinos saplings, growing in both inter‐ and intra‐specific combinations outdoors in forest soil. We examined the combined effects of indirect and direct below‐ground connections on tree performance and Non‐Structural Carbohydrate (NSC) pools.Although we did not observe any growth benefits, shaded recipient oaks exhibited higher levels of root and branch NSC compared to their control counterparts, which were not connected below‐ground. This finding suggests a potential benefit of establishing below‐ground connections. However, no such benefits were observed among the unshaded pairs or in the other inter‐ and intra‐specific pairs of pines and oaks.We monitored the carbon (C) flow from a 13CO2‐labelled donor pine tree to a below‐ground connected oak tree and demonstrated C transfer from pines to shaded oaks. We also identified the main fungal symbionts interacting with pines and oaks.Our findings indicate that the effects of below‐ground C transfer are context‐dependent, manifesting in nuanced alterations in plant NSC that are not readily apparent through conventional growth metrics.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
{"title":"Context‐dependent effects of below‐ground carbon transfer: Limited benefits from sunlit pines to shaded oaks","authors":"Stav Livne‐Luzon, Hagar Fox, Rotem Cahanovitc, Alon Rapaport, Tamir Klein","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14645","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Despite gaining significant attention in recent years, it remains unclear whether mycorrhizal fungi distribute meaningful amounts of resources among trees in ways that increase the fitness of the receiving trees. To investigate this, we used pairs of shaded and unshaded <jats:italic>Pinus halepensis</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Quercus calliprinos</jats:italic> saplings, growing in both inter‐ and intra‐specific combinations outdoors in forest soil. We examined the combined effects of indirect and direct below‐ground connections on tree performance and Non‐Structural Carbohydrate (NSC) pools.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Although we did not observe any growth benefits, shaded recipient oaks exhibited higher levels of root and branch NSC compared to their control counterparts, which were not connected below‐ground. This finding suggests a potential benefit of establishing below‐ground connections. However, no such benefits were observed among the unshaded pairs or in the other inter‐ and intra‐specific pairs of pines and oaks.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We monitored the carbon (C) flow from a <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐labelled donor pine tree to a below‐ground connected oak tree and demonstrated C transfer from pines to shaded oaks. We also identified the main fungal symbionts interacting with pines and oaks.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our findings indicate that the effects of below‐ground C transfer are context‐dependent, manifesting in nuanced alterations in plant NSC that are not readily apparent through conventional growth metrics.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>Read the free <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https://fesummaries.wordpress.com/2024/08/16/context-dependent-effects-of-belowground-carbon-transfer-limited-benefits-from-sunlit-pines-to-shaded-oaks/\">Plain Language Summary</jats:ext-link> for this article on the Journal blog.","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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