This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of reduced dietary calcium (Ca) and non-phytate-phosphorus (NPP) levels at 2:1 constant ratio on performance, carcase parameters and bone mineralization of Ross-308 broilers. A total of 11400 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with twelve replicates and were fed starter diets including either recommended (control treatment, T1) or a 6.25% lower level of both Ca and NPP according to breeder’s recommendations during starter period (SP). After SP, control treatment (T1) continued to be provided through diets containing 0.87 and 0.78 % Ca for grower (GP) and finisher periods (FP), respectively, while 6.25 % reduced group was divided into 4 dietary treatments regarding extent of decrease in Ca and NPP levels and provided by diets containing 0.79;0.65 (T2), 0.79;0.60 (T3), 0.75;0.65 (T4), and 0.75;0.60 (T5) % Ca for GP and FP, respectively. After SP, moderate and even substantial reduction of Ca and NPP significantly decreased feed intake (FI) (quadratic, P<0.05), but obtained similar body weight gain (BWG) and FCR compared to the control (P>0.05). On the other hand, reduced dietary Ca through T1 to T5 significantly decreased the total Ca and NPP intake of broilers (linear and quadratic, P<0.01), and accompanied to significant linear and quadratic relationship between Ca intake and FCR and BWG respectively. It can be concluded that reducing Ca level down to 0.75 and 0.60 % in grower and finisher phase, respectively are possible without compromising the growth performance and bone mineralization of modern broilers.
{"title":"Effects of Lower Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus on Growth Performance and Bone Mineralizatıon of Broilers","authors":"N Ceylan, S Koca, İ Yavaş, AA Çenesiz","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30761","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of reduced dietary calcium (Ca) and non-phytate-phosphorus (NPP) levels at 2:1 constant ratio on performance, carcase parameters and bone mineralization of Ross-308 broilers. A total of 11400 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with twelve replicates and were fed starter diets including either recommended (control treatment, T1) or a 6.25% lower level of both Ca and NPP according to breeder’s recommendations during starter period (SP). After SP, control treatment (T1) continued to be provided through diets containing 0.87 and 0.78 % Ca for grower (GP) and finisher periods (FP), respectively, while 6.25 % reduced group was divided into 4 dietary treatments regarding extent of decrease in Ca and NPP levels and provided by diets containing 0.79;0.65 (T2), 0.79;0.60 (T3), 0.75;0.65 (T4), and 0.75;0.60 (T5) % Ca for GP and FP, respectively. After SP, moderate and even substantial reduction of Ca and NPP significantly decreased feed intake (FI) (quadratic, P<0.05), but obtained similar body weight gain (BWG) and FCR compared to the control (P>0.05). On the other hand, reduced dietary Ca through T1 to T5 significantly decreased the total Ca and NPP intake of broilers (linear and quadratic, P<0.01), and accompanied to significant linear and quadratic relationship between Ca intake and FCR and BWG respectively. It can be concluded that reducing Ca level down to 0.75 and 0.60 % in grower and finisher phase, respectively are possible without compromising the growth performance and bone mineralization of modern broilers.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides which are being widely used to control fleas and ticks in household pets. However, their use extends to pest control as well. Products used worldwide to protect pets are in liquid form and comprise spot-ons, shampoos, and spray. Close attention should be paid to proper usage of such insecticides in pets, particularly in cats. As already indicated by many studies, accidental or improper usage of such products can trigger severe health problems even proving fatal in cats. The objective of the current paper is to undertake a retrospective study of a total number of 47 cases suffering from pyrethroid intoxication in cats across several clinics in Tirana, Albania during the period 2016-2020. Records from the veterinary clinics were closely scrutinized with only specific cases of pyrethroid intoxication being included for the purposes of this study. The main clinical signs which were noticed in 47 cats included symptoms such as tremor/muscle fasciculation (37 cats; 76.6%), seizures (18; 38.3%), hyperaesthesia (19; 40.43%), ptyalism (13; 27.66%), ataxia (11; 23.4%), mydriasis (10; 21.28%). Out of 47 cases, 7 or 14.9 % of the treated cats did not survive. The outcome was solid after rapid interventions in 31 (65.96%) cats with the exception of 2 cats which did not survive dispide receiving treatment. Whereas as many as 16 (34.04%) of cats, having being taken late to the clinics, survived upon receiving treatment, while as few as 5 cats (31.25%) died. Awareness campaign targeting pet owners, owner education, appropriate product labelling and consultations with veterinarians may help eliminate this problem in the future.
{"title":"Monitoring cases of pyrethroid intoxications in cats in Tirana region, Albania during 2016-2020","authors":"J Mavromati, B Mehmedi","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30680","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides which are being widely used to control fleas and ticks in household pets. However, their use extends to pest control as well. Products used worldwide to protect pets are in liquid form and comprise spot-ons, shampoos, and spray. Close attention should be paid to proper usage of such insecticides in pets, particularly in cats. As already indicated by many studies, accidental or improper usage of such products can trigger severe health problems even proving fatal in cats. The objective of the current paper is to undertake a retrospective study of a total number of 47 cases suffering from pyrethroid intoxication in cats across several clinics in Tirana, Albania during the period 2016-2020. Records from the veterinary clinics were closely scrutinized with only specific cases of pyrethroid intoxication being included for the purposes of this study. The main clinical signs which were noticed in 47 cats included symptoms such as tremor/muscle fasciculation (37 cats; 76.6%), seizures (18; 38.3%), hyperaesthesia (19; 40.43%), ptyalism (13; 27.66%), ataxia (11; 23.4%), mydriasis (10; 21.28%). Out of 47 cases, 7 or 14.9 % of the treated cats did not survive. The outcome was solid after rapid interventions in 31 (65.96%) cats with the exception of 2 cats which did not survive dispide receiving treatment. Whereas as many as 16 (34.04%) of cats, having being taken late to the clinics, survived upon receiving treatment, while as few as 5 cats (31.25%) died. Awareness campaign targeting pet owners, owner education, appropriate product labelling and consultations with veterinarians may help eliminate this problem in the future.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the genotypic dispersion of AA-NAT, SCD, PROP1, and IGFBP3 genes in the target population. Primarily, the genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples by the phenol/chloroform method. The genomic analyses were performed on a total of 160 Karacabey Merino (KM) sheep (n=80) and Kivircik (n=80). The PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the genotype of the SNPs. Deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and population genetic assays such as observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities, effective allele numbers (Ne), and the polymorphism information content (PIC) were calculated for each gene in the population. As a result, there was no deviation from HWE was determined except SCD and PROP1 gene in KM. The most frequent genotypes were found AA (66,25% and 87,50%) for AA-NAT gene, CC (93,75% and 91,25%) for SCD gene and CC genotype (70,00% and 56,25%) for PROP1 gene in KM and Kivircik sheep. All breeds were detected monomorphic in terms of the IGFBP3 gene. In conclusion, the other regions of the IGFBP3 gene which were determined as monomorphic in the studied flock could be researched. Moreover, further studies should be necessary for defining the effects of investigated genes on related traits in KM and Kivircik sheep in terms of polymorphic genes specified.
{"title":"Establishment of AA-NAT, SCD, PROP1, and IGFBP3 gene frequency distributions in Karacabey Merino and Kivircik Sheep Breeds","authors":"D Dinçel, Ö Çobanoğlu","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30666","url":null,"abstract":"Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the genotypic dispersion of AA-NAT, SCD, PROP1, and IGFBP3 genes in the target population. Primarily, the genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples by the phenol/chloroform method. The genomic analyses were performed on a total of 160 Karacabey Merino (KM) sheep (n=80) and Kivircik (n=80). The PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the genotype of the SNPs. Deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and population genetic assays such as observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities, effective allele numbers (Ne), and the polymorphism information content (PIC) were calculated for each gene in the population. As a result, there was no deviation from HWE was determined except SCD and PROP1 gene in KM. The most frequent genotypes were found AA (66,25% and 87,50%) for AA-NAT gene, CC (93,75% and 91,25%) for SCD gene and CC genotype (70,00% and 56,25%) for PROP1 gene in KM and Kivircik sheep. All breeds were detected monomorphic in terms of the IGFBP3 gene. In conclusion, the other regions of the IGFBP3 gene which were determined as monomorphic in the studied flock could be researched. Moreover, further studies should be necessary for defining the effects of investigated genes on related traits in KM and Kivircik sheep in terms of polymorphic genes specified.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G Zarić, S Cocoli, D Šarčević, S Vještica, R Prodanović, N Puvača, M Carić
The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the importance of monitoring microbiological quality in water for animals and humans, which relies primarily on coliforms, mostly Escherichia coli. Fecal coliforms, such as E. coli, are more specific indicators of fecal pollution. A fecal contamination detection can be performed not just in drinking water, but also in the environment. As a result of improved detection methods for E. coli, drinking water is becoming more reliable as a result of the use of E. coli as an indicator of fecal pollution. Drinking water contamination by feces is currently best detected by E. coli. Accordingly, temperate environments are more likely to have fecal coliforms than tropical environments, human and animal feces have high levels of E. coli in comparison to other fecal coliforms, and E. coli detection methods are more affordable, fast, sensitive, specific, and easy to use than other fecal coliforms.
{"title":"Escherichia coli as Microbiological Quality Water Indicator:A High Importance for Human and Animal Health","authors":"G Zarić, S Cocoli, D Šarčević, S Vještica, R Prodanović, N Puvača, M Carić","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30878","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the importance of monitoring microbiological quality in water for animals and humans, which relies primarily on coliforms, mostly Escherichia coli. Fecal coliforms, such as E. coli, are more specific indicators of fecal pollution. A fecal contamination detection can be performed not just in drinking water, but also in the environment. As a result of improved detection methods for E. coli, drinking water is becoming more reliable as a result of the use of E. coli as an indicator of fecal pollution. Drinking water contamination by feces is currently best detected by E. coli. Accordingly, temperate environments are more likely to have fecal coliforms than tropical environments, human and animal feces have high levels of E. coli in comparison to other fecal coliforms, and E. coli detection methods are more affordable, fast, sensitive, specific, and easy to use than other fecal coliforms.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HEM Hassanien, EM Abdel-Raouf, AMM Mahmoud, LW Greene
A negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) induces a compensated metabolic acidosis, stimulating calcium (Ca) absorption and mobilization before calving, thereby decreasing clinical and subclinical hypocalcemia postpartum. The study was designed to determine the effects of varying pre- and postpartum DCAD diets on serum total calcium, ionized calcium, blood and ruminal fluid metabolites, and milk production in prepartum and postpartum Holstein cows. Fifty-four multiparous dry Holstein cows n= 54, were enrolled in a completely randomized block experimental design at 29 days prior to expected parturition through 86 days in milk. A 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized. Three DCAD levels were fed precalving (0, -120 and -200 mEq/kg DM), n=18 cows per treatment and two DCAD levels were fed post calving (+200 and +400 mEq/kg DM), n=27 cows per treatment. Prepartum urine pH was lower for cows fed -200 DCAD compared with those fed -120 or 0 DCAD. Postpartum urine pH was higher for cows fed +400 mEq/kg compared to cows fed +200 mEq/kg DCAD. Prepartum serum total calcium, ionized calcium, and hydroxyproline was highest for cows fed -200 DCAD compared to those fed -120 and 0 DCAD. Parathyroid hormone was highest for cows fed 0 DCAD compared to those fed -120 and -200 DCAD. Prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) was lower for -200 and -120 DCAD compared with 0 DCAD. Postpartum DMI was not different among treatments. Pre- and postpartum DCAD treatments did not affect total milk yield or milk fat, percentage of milk protein not affected by different pre-and postpartum DCAD levels. Prepartum anionic diets lowered urine pH and parathyroid hormone and raised serum hydroxyproline, resulting in improved Ca availability after parturition. Postpartum blood metabolites were unaffected in cows given positive DCAD (+200 and +400 mEq/kg DM). Calves born to cows fed low DCAD had no change in calf bieth weight. Colostrum amount and IgG concentrations were unaffected by treatments. No effects of pre-or postpartum DCAD treatments were observed for milk yield and fat-corrected milk. Feeding prepartum an acidogenic diet improved postpartum Ca status in multiparous Holstein cows.
{"title":"The Effect of Variation in Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on Calcium Status, Blood Metabolites and Rumen Activity during the Transition Period of Holstein Dairy Cows","authors":"HEM Hassanien, EM Abdel-Raouf, AMM Mahmoud, LW Greene","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30607","url":null,"abstract":"A negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) induces a compensated metabolic acidosis, stimulating calcium (Ca) absorption and mobilization before calving, thereby decreasing clinical and subclinical hypocalcemia postpartum. The study was designed to determine the effects of varying pre- and postpartum DCAD diets on serum total calcium, ionized calcium, blood and ruminal fluid metabolites, and milk production in prepartum and postpartum Holstein cows. Fifty-four multiparous dry Holstein cows n= 54, were enrolled in a completely randomized block experimental design at 29 days prior to expected parturition through 86 days in milk. A 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized. Three DCAD levels were fed precalving (0, -120 and -200 mEq/kg DM), n=18 cows per treatment and two DCAD levels were fed post calving (+200 and +400 mEq/kg DM), n=27 cows per treatment. Prepartum urine pH was lower for cows fed -200 DCAD compared with those fed -120 or 0 DCAD. Postpartum urine pH was higher for cows fed +400 mEq/kg compared to cows fed +200 mEq/kg DCAD. Prepartum serum total calcium, ionized calcium, and hydroxyproline was highest for cows fed -200 DCAD compared to those fed -120 and 0 DCAD. Parathyroid hormone was highest for cows fed 0 DCAD compared to those fed -120 and -200 DCAD. Prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) was lower for -200 and -120 DCAD compared with 0 DCAD. Postpartum DMI was not different among treatments. Pre- and postpartum DCAD treatments did not affect total milk yield or milk fat, percentage of milk protein not affected by different pre-and postpartum DCAD levels. Prepartum anionic diets lowered urine pH and parathyroid hormone and raised serum hydroxyproline, resulting in improved Ca availability after parturition. Postpartum blood metabolites were unaffected in cows given positive DCAD (+200 and +400 mEq/kg DM). Calves born to cows fed low DCAD had no change in calf bieth weight. Colostrum amount and IgG concentrations were unaffected by treatments. No effects of pre-or postpartum DCAD treatments were observed for milk yield and fat-corrected milk. Feeding prepartum an acidogenic diet improved postpartum Ca status in multiparous Holstein cows.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"867 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of thyme, organic acid, probiotic and prebiotic on carcass characteristics and intestinal microbial microflora in broiler chicks in normal and low protein diets. A total of 388 Ross 308 broilers were equally assigned to 5 treatments with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were; 1: control, 2: thyme extract (2 kg/ton), 3: organic acid (3 kg/ton), 4: probiotics (50 g/ton) and 5: prebiotics (2 kg/ton) with normal and reduced protein levels (10% lower than usual). At d 42, two chicks per replicate were randomly chosen, slaughtered and carcass percentage and carcass components percentage including a thigh, breast, liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, bursa of fabricius, abdominal fat, and intestine were determined for live weight. The results showed that using a diet with a normal level of crude protein compared to a diet with a level of crude protein lower than usual, increased the percentage of spleen and heart of chickens (P<0.05). It seems that there is a close relationship between the percentage of fat in the abdominal cavity and the ratio of energy to protein in the diet. Also, there were no significant differences between treatments and their interactions about pH content of ileum of broilers (P > 0.05). Besides, the bacterial population of ileum of treated broilers had different behavior. The ileum bacteria improved with probiotic addition and it was predictable because of beneficial bacteria inclusion to diet. Comparing the means for litter traits, no significant differences were observed between the experimental treatments with each other and with the control group (P>0.05). Totally, before the common use of additives in different types of diets of poultry nutrition, thorough investigations should be carried out on mechanisms, compatibility with other components of the diet and safety evaluation.
{"title":"Effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), organic acid, probiotic and prebiotic on carcass characteristics and intestinal microbial population in broiler chickens fed with normal and low protein diets","authors":"A Ahmadzadeh, A Nobakht","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31069","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of thyme, organic acid, probiotic and prebiotic on carcass characteristics and intestinal microbial microflora in broiler chicks in normal and low protein diets. A total of 388 Ross 308 broilers were equally assigned to 5 treatments with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were; 1: control, 2: thyme extract (2 kg/ton), 3: organic acid (3 kg/ton), 4: probiotics (50 g/ton) and 5: prebiotics (2 kg/ton) with normal and reduced protein levels (10% lower than usual). At d 42, two chicks per replicate were randomly chosen, slaughtered and carcass percentage and carcass components percentage including a thigh, breast, liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, bursa of fabricius, abdominal fat, and intestine were determined for live weight. The results showed that using a diet with a normal level of crude protein compared to a diet with a level of crude protein lower than usual, increased the percentage of spleen and heart of chickens (P<0.05). It seems that there is a close relationship between the percentage of fat in the abdominal cavity and the ratio of energy to protein in the diet. Also, there were no significant differences between treatments and their interactions about pH content of ileum of broilers (P > 0.05). Besides, the bacterial population of ileum of treated broilers had different behavior. The ileum bacteria improved with probiotic addition and it was predictable because of beneficial bacteria inclusion to diet. Comparing the means for litter traits, no significant differences were observed between the experimental treatments with each other and with the control group (P>0.05). Totally, before the common use of additives in different types of diets of poultry nutrition, thorough investigations should be carried out on mechanisms, compatibility with other components of the diet and safety evaluation.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on feed conversion ratio, some egg quality parameters, and some blood parameters in Japanise quails. Chitosan oligosaccharide (ChitO) was added to the drinking water of quails. A total of 192 (7 – 8 weeks old) Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were divided into one control and 3 treatment groups, each consisting of 48 quails. Each group was divided into 6 replicates. While no additive was added to the control group, ChitO was added to the drinking water of the first, second, and third groups at the levels of 0.015, 0.030 and 0.045 g / L, respectively. They were given water and feed ad libitum. At the end of the study, no significant differences were observed between the control and treatment groups, except in their feed consumption and egg shell weight. In the first treatment group (given 0.015 g / L ChitO), it was observed that feed consumption decreased significantly compared to the control group; however, the difference between the other treatment groups was insignificant. The egg shell weight of the second treatment group (0.030 g / L ChitO) was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the control group. In general, consumption of chitosan oligosaccharide with drinking water tended to decrease feed consumption, without adversely affecting feed efficiency, and tended to increase eggshell weight.
本试验旨在研究壳寡糖对日本鹌鹑饲料系数、蛋品质及血液指标的影响。将低聚壳聚糖(ChitO)添加到鹌鹑的饮用水中。选取7 ~ 8周龄日本鹌鹑192只，分为1个对照组和3个治疗组，每组48只。每组分为6个重复。在对照组不添加添加剂的情况下，在第一组、第二组和第三组的饮用水中分别添加0.015、0.030和0.045 g / L的ChitO。他们得到了免费的水和饲料。试验结束时，除采食量和蛋壳重外，对照组与处理组之间无显著差异。第一处理组(给予0.015 g / L ChitO)，与对照组相比，采食量显著降低;然而，其他治疗组之间的差异不显著。第二处理组(0.030 g / L ChitO)的蛋壳重显著高于对照组(p <0.05)，显著高于对照组。总的来说，饮用低聚壳聚糖有降低饲料耗量的趋势，但对饲料效率没有不利影响，反而有增加蛋壳重的趋势。
{"title":"The effects of ad - libitum consumption of chitosan oligosaccharide with drinking water on laying quails","authors":"C Kiraz, KE Buğdayci","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30916","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on feed conversion ratio, some egg quality parameters, and some blood parameters in Japanise quails. Chitosan oligosaccharide (ChitO) was added to the drinking water of quails. A total of 192 (7 – 8 weeks old) Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were divided into one control and 3 treatment groups, each consisting of 48 quails. Each group was divided into 6 replicates. While no additive was added to the control group, ChitO was added to the drinking water of the first, second, and third groups at the levels of 0.015, 0.030 and 0.045 g / L, respectively. They were given water and feed ad libitum. At the end of the study, no significant differences were observed between the control and treatment groups, except in their feed consumption and egg shell weight. In the first treatment group (given 0.015 g / L ChitO), it was observed that feed consumption decreased significantly compared to the control group; however, the difference between the other treatment groups was insignificant. The egg shell weight of the second treatment group (0.030 g / L ChitO) was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the control group. In general, consumption of chitosan oligosaccharide with drinking water tended to decrease feed consumption, without adversely affecting feed efficiency, and tended to increase eggshell weight.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B Bizhga, S Cocoli, A Stevanović, S Bajić, E Lika, T Shtylla Kika, N Puvača
As coccidia become increasingly resistant to anticoccidial drugs, efforts have been made to find alternatives. In recent years, botanicals have been reported as potential alternatives to anticoccidials since they are effective against protozoa, arthropods, and helminths. In this study, different doses of dried pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the number of oocysts in domestic cats and their antioxidant properties. Under in vivo conditions, 24 six-month-old domestic cats of both genders naturally infected with Cytoisospora felis were tested. Four equal groups of infected cats were formed. Six cats made up each group. The control group (C) was on a basal diet, and one group received the chemical coccidiostat robenidine (CR), supplemented in the amount of 0.5%. Two levels of whole dried pomegranate fruit as a natural antioxidant were applied in a concentration of 0.5% (P1) and 1.0% (P2) on top of the basic diet. With the McMaster technique, oocysts number and eggs per gram of feces were determined. From each cat, 6 per group, blood samples were taken from a jugular vein at the end of the experimental period to investigate the influence of dried pomegranate fruit on blood enzymatic activity and lipid oxidation. In conclusion, supplementing cats' diets with dried pomegranate fruit reduced the number of oocysts per gram of feces significantly, but it is important to carry out further and more detailed studies to prove the anticoccidial and antioxidant properties of dried pomegranate fruit in cats' diets.
{"title":"Effects of Antioxidants Supplemented Feed in Coccidiosis Treatment, Blood Antioxidative Status, and Enzymatic Activity of Domestic Cats","authors":"B Bizhga, S Cocoli, A Stevanović, S Bajić, E Lika, T Shtylla Kika, N Puvača","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30849","url":null,"abstract":"As coccidia become increasingly resistant to anticoccidial drugs, efforts have been made to find alternatives. In recent years, botanicals have been reported as potential alternatives to anticoccidials since they are effective against protozoa, arthropods, and helminths. In this study, different doses of dried pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the number of oocysts in domestic cats and their antioxidant properties. Under in vivo conditions, 24 six-month-old domestic cats of both genders naturally infected with Cytoisospora felis were tested. Four equal groups of infected cats were formed. Six cats made up each group. The control group (C) was on a basal diet, and one group received the chemical coccidiostat robenidine (CR), supplemented in the amount of 0.5%. Two levels of whole dried pomegranate fruit as a natural antioxidant were applied in a concentration of 0.5% (P1) and 1.0% (P2) on top of the basic diet. With the McMaster technique, oocysts number and eggs per gram of feces were determined. From each cat, 6 per group, blood samples were taken from a jugular vein at the end of the experimental period to investigate the influence of dried pomegranate fruit on blood enzymatic activity and lipid oxidation. In conclusion, supplementing cats' diets with dried pomegranate fruit reduced the number of oocysts per gram of feces significantly, but it is important to carry out further and more detailed studies to prove the anticoccidial and antioxidant properties of dried pomegranate fruit in cats' diets.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical data of five Holstein Friesian cows with duodenal volvulus of the sigmoid flexure admitted to the Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany during a two-year period were reviewed in this study. The aim of this study was to present the clinical, laboratory and surgical findings as well as the postoperative healing progress and therapy of these five cases. All cows showed a loss of appetite and were dehydrated, with a marked drop in milk yield. The rumen motility was severely reduced and an untypical tympanic resonance or ping and a splashing sound were present at the right flank at auscultation. All the cows had only a small amount of faeces. All animals had hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis and most of them hyperlactatemia. Two of the cows were hypokalaemic. Hyperbilirubinaemia was revealed in all cows. Four of the cows had an increased haematocrit level. A standing right flank laparotomy was performed in all cows. A common surgical finding was the severely dilated, dorsally dislocated and twisted sigmoid flexure of the duodenum, and the empty descending duodenum. The abomasum of all cows was dilated, but not displaced. An enlarged gall bladder was found in four animals. The duodenal sigmoid loop was manually untwisted, followed by promoting gas and ingesta flow aborally in the descending duodenum. Omentopexy was performed in each cow. No cow had had any history of omentopexy or other abdominal surgery. All cows received intravenous fluid therapy after the surgery. A total of 10-20 L 0.9 % NaCl solution containing an additional KCL (30 mmol/L) was administered intravenously via drip infusion daily for the first two days after surgery. Amoxicillin (10 mg/kg; s.c.) was administered once daily (SID) in two cases. Three of the cows were additionally drenched with 30 L water and 100-150 g KCL via an orogastric tube once per day for two days postoperatively. Four cows received neostigmine s.c. after surgery and for the following one to two days (every 8 or 12 hours; 0.02 mg/kg or 0.025 mg/kg, respectively). All cows were administered meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg; s.c.) before and on the first postoperative day. Sodium sulphate (250 g per os; SID) was administered to four cows for one to two days. Feed intake, rumen motility and defaecation were normalised gradually after surgery. All cows had a positive post-surgical outcome and were discharged from the clinic after 7 to 15 days.
Keywords: ileus; dairy cattle; duodenum; intestinal obstruction
本研究回顾了德国汉诺威兽医大学基金会牛诊所收治的5头乙状结肠弯曲十二指肠扭转的荷斯坦弗里希奶牛的两年期间的医疗资料。本研究的目的是介绍这5例病例的临床、实验室和手术表现以及术后愈合进展和治疗。所有奶牛都表现出食欲不振和脱水，产奶量明显下降。瘤胃运动严重减弱，听诊右侧可见非典型鼓室共振或平、飞溅声。所有的牛都只有少量的粪便。所有动物均出现低氯血症代谢性碱中毒，且多数为高乳酸血症。其中两头牛是低钾血症。所有奶牛均出现高胆红素血症。其中4头奶牛的红细胞压积水平升高。所有奶牛均行站立式右侧剖腹手术。常见的手术发现是十二指肠严重扩张，背侧脱位和扭曲的乙状结肠屈曲，以及十二指肠下降空。所有奶牛的皱胃均扩张，但未移位。在四只动物身上发现了胆囊肿大。手动解开十二指肠乙状结肠袢，随后在下行十二指肠促进气体和食入流动。每头奶牛均行网膜固定术。奶牛均无网膜置入术或其他腹部手术史。所有奶牛术后均接受静脉输液治疗。术后头两天，每天静脉滴注10-20 L 0.9% NaCl溶液，外加KCL (30 mmol/L)。阿莫西林(10mg /kg;2例患者每日1次(SID)。另外，3头奶牛术后2天，每天1次经胃管灌注30 L水和100-150 g氯化钾。4头奶牛在手术后和接下来的一到两天(每8或12小时;0.02 mg/kg或0.025 mg/kg)。所有奶牛均饲喂美洛昔康(0.5 mg/kg;S.c .)。硫酸钠(250 g / s;对4头奶牛进行1 ~ 2天的SID)治疗。术后采食量、瘤胃运动及排便均逐渐恢复正常。所有奶牛术后结果均为阳性，7 ~ 15天后出院。关键词:肠梗阻;奶牛;十二指肠;肠梗阻
{"title":"Duodenal volvulus of the sigmoid flexure in five cows. A retrospective study","authors":"I Proios, M Hoedemaker, E Kiossis","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31248","url":null,"abstract":"Medical data of five Holstein Friesian cows with duodenal volvulus of the sigmoid flexure admitted to the Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany during a two-year period were reviewed in this study. The aim of this study was to present the clinical, laboratory and surgical findings as well as the postoperative healing progress and therapy of these five cases. All cows showed a loss of appetite and were dehydrated, with a marked drop in milk yield. The rumen motility was severely reduced and an untypical tympanic resonance or ping and a splashing sound were present at the right flank at auscultation. All the cows had only a small amount of faeces. All animals had hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis and most of them hyperlactatemia. Two of the cows were hypokalaemic. Hyperbilirubinaemia was revealed in all cows. Four of the cows had an increased haematocrit level. A standing right flank laparotomy was performed in all cows. A common surgical finding was the severely dilated, dorsally dislocated and twisted sigmoid flexure of the duodenum, and the empty descending duodenum. The abomasum of all cows was dilated, but not displaced. An enlarged gall bladder was found in four animals. The duodenal sigmoid loop was manually untwisted, followed by promoting gas and ingesta flow aborally in the descending duodenum. Omentopexy was performed in each cow. No cow had had any history of omentopexy or other abdominal surgery. All cows received intravenous fluid therapy after the surgery. A total of 10-20 L 0.9 % NaCl solution containing an additional KCL (30 mmol/L) was administered intravenously via drip infusion daily for the first two days after surgery. Amoxicillin (10 mg/kg; s.c.) was administered once daily (SID) in two cases. Three of the cows were additionally drenched with 30 L water and 100-150 g KCL via an orogastric tube once per day for two days postoperatively. Four cows received neostigmine s.c. after surgery and for the following one to two days (every 8 or 12 hours; 0.02 mg/kg or 0.025 mg/kg, respectively). All cows were administered meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg; s.c.) before and on the first postoperative day. Sodium sulphate (250 g per os; SID) was administered to four cows for one to two days. Feed intake, rumen motility and defaecation were normalised gradually after surgery. All cows had a positive post-surgical outcome and were discharged from the clinic after 7 to 15 days.
 Keywords: ileus; dairy cattle; duodenum; intestinal obstruction","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Guler, ED Asmaz, A Saricetin, SS Cengiz, F Odabasi Erbay, E Demirkan
Folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, ovulation, and vitellogenesis are regulated by the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and these hormones act via follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the ovary. Poultry ration and food additives are essential in the regulation of reproductive activity. Phytase is a supplement frequently added to laying hen diets to increase phosphorus (P) utilization. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of a newly isolated microbial phytase together with different concentrations of calcium (Ca2+) and available phosphorus (AP) on ovarian FSHR and LHR expressions. For this purpose, 90 Lohmann LSL-White layers were first divided into three main diet groups (standard Ca2+ and AP, standard Ca2+ and low AP, low Ca2+ and AP) and then into three subgroups (no-phytase, commercial phytase, and microbial phytase). At the end of the experiment, all chickens were slaughtered and ovarian tissues were fixed in formalin. Routine avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-FSHR and anti-LHR primary antibodies. Immunohistochemically, FSHR and LHR were expressed in granulosa/theca cells, oocytes, interstitial cells, and vitellus. While the expression intensity of the receptors increased in the microbial phytase-treated groups, the strongest expression was obtained in the granulosa/theca cells and oocytes in the standard Ca and low AP group. In conclusion, we suggest that the addition of newly isolated microbial phytase to diets of laying hens and feeding standard Ca and low AP may have positive effects on reproductive performance by increasing the FSHR and LHR expression in ovaries.
{"title":"Effects of Calcium, Available Phosphorus and Microbial Phytase on Ovarian FSHR and LHR Expression in Laying Hens","authors":"S Guler, ED Asmaz, A Saricetin, SS Cengiz, F Odabasi Erbay, E Demirkan","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30903","url":null,"abstract":"Folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, ovulation, and vitellogenesis are regulated by the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and these hormones act via follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the ovary. Poultry ration and food additives are essential in the regulation of reproductive activity. Phytase is a supplement frequently added to laying hen diets to increase phosphorus (P) utilization. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of a newly isolated microbial phytase together with different concentrations of calcium (Ca2+) and available phosphorus (AP) on ovarian FSHR and LHR expressions. For this purpose, 90 Lohmann LSL-White layers were first divided into three main diet groups (standard Ca2+ and AP, standard Ca2+ and low AP, low Ca2+ and AP) and then into three subgroups (no-phytase, commercial phytase, and microbial phytase). At the end of the experiment, all chickens were slaughtered and ovarian tissues were fixed in formalin. Routine avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-FSHR and anti-LHR primary antibodies. Immunohistochemically, FSHR and LHR were expressed in granulosa/theca cells, oocytes, interstitial cells, and vitellus. While the expression intensity of the receptors increased in the microbial phytase-treated groups, the strongest expression was obtained in the granulosa/theca cells and oocytes in the standard Ca and low AP group. In conclusion, we suggest that the addition of newly isolated microbial phytase to diets of laying hens and feeding standard Ca and low AP may have positive effects on reproductive performance by increasing the FSHR and LHR expression in ovaries.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：