Due to the increasing world population, scientists aim to obtain high-yield products using new techniques and methods to meet needs in the fields of food, agriculture, and livestock. It is very important to selected the candidate genes and markers correctly, especially in the QTL and MAS techniques in livestock. Somatotropic axis genes affect yield traits, growth, reproduction, and milk production in cattle. In the study, we determined GH/AluI and IGFI/SnaBI gene polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP technique in DNA samples obtained from 70 Simmental cattle. The allele frequencies of the genes were in the same proportion as 0.62 and 0.38, L and V for the GH gene and T and C for the IGFI gene. There was no significant relationship between the polymorphic genotypes of the genes we examined and lactation milk yields, 305-day milk yields, daily milk yields, and lactation periods of Simmental cattle. The probability of using bGH/AluI and IGFI/SnaBI genetic variations as markers in association studies with milk yield in cattle is extremely low. Keywords: Axis genes; RFLP; MAS; Simmental; milk yield
由于世界人口不断增长，科学家们希望利用新技术和新方法获得高产产品，以满足粮食、农业和畜牧业领域的需求。正确选择候选基因和标记非常重要，尤其是在家畜的 QTL 和 MAS 技术中。体质轴基因影响牛的产量性状、生长、繁殖和产奶量。本研究采用 PCR-RFLP 技术测定了 70 头西门塔尔牛 DNA 样本中 GH/AluI 和 IGFI/SnaBI 基因的多态性。基因的等位基因频率分别为 0.62 和 0.38，GH 基因的等位基因频率为 L 和 V，IGFI 基因的等位基因频率为 T 和 C。所研究基因的多态性基因型与西门塔尔牛的泌乳乳产量、305天乳产量、日产乳量和泌乳期之间没有明显关系。将bGH/AluI和IGFI/SnaBI基因变异作为牛产奶量关联研究的标记物的可能性极低。关键词轴基因；RFLP；MAS；西门塔尔牛；产奶量
{"title":"Effects of Somatotropic Axis Gene Polymorphisms on Milk Yields in Simmental Cattle","authors":"Z. Sonmez, S. Kopuzlu, M. Özdemir","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31661","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing world population, scientists aim to obtain high-yield products using new techniques and methods to meet needs in the fields of food, agriculture, and livestock. It is very important to selected the candidate genes and markers correctly, especially in the QTL and MAS techniques in livestock. Somatotropic axis genes affect yield traits, growth, reproduction, and milk production in cattle. In the study, we determined GH/AluI and IGFI/SnaBI gene polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP technique in DNA samples obtained from 70 Simmental cattle. The allele frequencies of the genes were in the same proportion as 0.62 and 0.38, L and V for the GH gene and T and C for the IGFI gene. There was no significant relationship between the polymorphic genotypes of the genes we examined and lactation milk yields, 305-day milk yields, daily milk yields, and lactation periods of Simmental cattle. The probability of using bGH/AluI and IGFI/SnaBI genetic variations as markers in association studies with milk yield in cattle is extremely low. \u0000Keywords: Axis genes; RFLP; MAS; Simmental; milk yield","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Voulgarakis, LV Athanasiou, D. Psalla, D. Gougoulis, V. Papatsiros, G. Christodoulopoulos
Ruminal acidosis is presented as the most significant nutritional disorder of ruminants with severe impact on animal health, welfare and considerable economics losses in ovine and bovine herds. The disease is presented in two forms Acute Ruminal Acidosis (ARA) and Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA). This second part of the Ruminal Acidosis review focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The diagnosis of SARA presents several difficulties due to the non- clinically patent symptoms. Prevention and treatment are based on the amelioration of nutrition including the use of dietary supplements, and antimicrobial administration as well as the improvement of management practices.
{"title":"Ruminal Acidosis Part II: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment","authors":"N. Voulgarakis, LV Athanasiou, D. Psalla, D. Gougoulis, V. Papatsiros, G. Christodoulopoulos","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31438","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminal acidosis is presented as the most significant nutritional disorder of ruminants with severe impact on animal health, welfare and considerable economics losses in ovine and bovine herds. The disease is presented in two forms Acute Ruminal Acidosis (ARA) and Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA). This second part of the Ruminal Acidosis review focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The diagnosis of SARA presents several difficulties due to the non- clinically patent symptoms. Prevention and treatment are based on the amelioration of nutrition including the use of dietary supplements, and antimicrobial administration as well as the improvement of management practices. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present review article aimed to update and address the biological consequences of forage supply to pre-weaned dairy calves. Early growth and development of a calf play a great role in lifelong performance of the animal. Comprehension of these stages is an important progress achieved in calf nutrition today. Health, milk-solid feed intake and rumen development are the most important factors related to calf growth in pre- and post-weaning periods. It is well understood that fermentation by-products of grain-based starter feeds are essential for increased growth and absorptive capacity of the rumen papillae. In pre-weaned calves, two major hypotheses exist regarding forage feeding. The first hypothesis describes that the rumen was not completely developed in pre-weaned calves and forage supply during this period might increase gut fill and hence, decrease starter intake. It is believed that depressed starter intake may limit energy intake and finally suppress calf growth rate. The second hypothesis indicates that rumen pH may decline as calf age and starter intake increases. Accordingly, forage supplementation into calf starter diets could prevent further rumen pH decline and subsequent negative consequences while improving starter intake and calf growth. Because research data regarding these hypotheses are controversial, there is no universally accepted standard for feeding calves with forage as a part of starter diets. Many factors, such as milk feeding method, grain, forage type and experimental conditions, could affect calf response to dietary forage. However, there is an evidence that limited consumption of forage may be beneficial on rumen health and behavior of calves consuming highly processed (pelleted or finely ground) starter feed in pre-weaning period. Keywords: Forage; Growth performance; Pre-weaned calf; Rumen development
{"title":"Should Pre-Weaning Calf Diets Include Forage?","authors":"H. Muruz, T. Aksu","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31575","url":null,"abstract":"The present review article aimed to update and address the biological consequences of forage supply to pre-weaned dairy calves. Early growth and development of a calf play a great role in lifelong performance of the animal. Comprehension of these stages is an important progress achieved in calf nutrition today. Health, milk-solid feed intake and rumen development are the most important factors related to calf growth in pre- and post-weaning periods. It is well understood that fermentation by-products of grain-based starter feeds are essential for increased growth and absorptive capacity of the rumen papillae. In pre-weaned calves, two major hypotheses exist regarding forage feeding. The first hypothesis describes that the rumen was not completely developed in pre-weaned calves and forage supply during this period might increase gut fill and hence, decrease starter intake. It is believed that depressed starter intake may limit energy intake and finally suppress calf growth rate. The second hypothesis indicates that rumen pH may decline as calf age and starter intake increases. Accordingly, forage supplementation into calf starter diets could prevent further rumen pH decline and subsequent negative consequences while improving starter intake and calf growth. Because research data regarding these hypotheses are controversial, there is no universally accepted standard for feeding calves with forage as a part of starter diets. Many factors, such as milk feeding method, grain, forage type and experimental conditions, could affect calf response to dietary forage. However, there is an evidence that limited consumption of forage may be beneficial on rumen health and behavior of calves consuming highly processed (pelleted or finely ground) starter feed in pre-weaning period. \u0000Keywords: Forage; Growth performance; Pre-weaned calf; Rumen development","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139614643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mastitis, which is defined as the inflammation of mammary tissue caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, yeast, fungi and viruses, is considered to be one of the most important problems of dairy enterprises due to reduced milk yield and milk quality. Therefore, studies on mastitis have been continuous from past to present. The presence of too many studies conducted in all around the world in order to estimate the prevalence of mastitis and to determine the factors affecting the disease has necessitated systematic review or meta-analysis studies on this subject. In this study, it was aimed to perform the meta-analysis for the prevalence of cow and udder quarter-based subclinical mastitis in 193 studies conducted around the world, and to determine the effects of some factors on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis using subgroup and meta-regression methods. Because high heterogeneity was detected between studies in the analysis, the random effects model (Der Simonian-Laird method) (Q=15149.869, df=188, p<0.001, I2=98.759; Q=72142.706; df=174, p<0.001; I2=99.774) was used in this study. The publication biases in the study samples were determined by the use of Egger's linear regression test, the Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test and funnel plots. As a result of the study, the common prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cow and udder quarter-based studies were calculated as 0.46 (95% CI: 0.43-0.48) and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.30-0.34) respectively. The meta-analysis conducted in this study has enabled the elimination of inconsistencies in the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in individual studies conducted around the world, and has provided a stronger and more precise estimate.
{"title":"Meta analysis of the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle","authors":"E. Çelik Gürbulak, A. Akçay","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31916","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis, which is defined as the inflammation of mammary tissue caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, yeast, fungi and viruses, is considered to be one of the most important problems of dairy enterprises due to reduced milk yield and milk quality. Therefore, studies on mastitis have been continuous from past to present. The presence of too many studies conducted in all around the world in order to estimate the prevalence of mastitis and to determine the factors affecting the disease has necessitated systematic review or meta-analysis studies on this subject. In this study, it was aimed to perform the meta-analysis for the prevalence of cow and udder quarter-based subclinical mastitis in 193 studies conducted around the world, and to determine the effects of some factors on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis using subgroup and meta-regression methods. Because high heterogeneity was detected between studies in the analysis, the random effects model (Der Simonian-Laird method) (Q=15149.869, df=188, p<0.001, I2=98.759; Q=72142.706; df=174, p<0.001; I2=99.774) was used in this study. The publication biases in the study samples were determined by the use of Egger's linear regression test, the Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test and funnel plots. As a result of the study, the common prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cow and udder quarter-based studies were calculated as 0.46 (95% CI: 0.43-0.48) and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.30-0.34) respectively. The meta-analysis conducted in this study has enabled the elimination of inconsistencies in the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in individual studies conducted around the world, and has provided a stronger and more precise estimate.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139614853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genotype VII of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the most prevalent genotype of avian paramyxovirus I (APMV-1) in Asia, is rapidly spreading worldwide. The emergence of new sub-genotype VII.2 in different countries raises questions about the evolutionary patterns of these isolates. Despite the devastating effects of NDV on endangered parrot species and the major role of the psittacines in the cross-species transmission of the virus, there have not been any phylogenetic studies on the NDVs circulation in these populations in Iran. In this regard, a brain sample obtained from three dead cockatiels of a suspected NDV flock with an 80% mortality rate was implemented for further molecular, pathogenicity, and phylogenetic analysis of the fusion gene and deduced amino acid sequences. Pathogenicity indices and Cleavage site investigation revealed the high virulence (112RRQKRF117) of the virus. Phylogenetic studies clustered our isolate (SR0077) among VII.2 sequences from Pakistan, Indonesia, China, Jordan, and Malaysia. Moreover, the nucleotide distances between the studied isolate and VII.2 strains reported from Pakistan were less than 0.01. However, non-VII.2 isolates previously reported from Iran were phylogenetically distinct from our isolate. Taken together, these findings, along with some identical substitutions at functional domains of the F protein, highlight the risk of introducing VII.2 strains to other countries and the possible incidence of new panzootics. Finally, based on history and molecular analyses, it seems that bird trade from Pakistan is the main cause of the development of new VII.2 NDV strains in Iran.
{"title":"The Molecular detection and pathotypic characterization of Genotype VII.2 of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Imported Cockatiels in Iran","authors":"M. Abdoshah, S. Morovati, J. Razmyar","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31568","url":null,"abstract":"Genotype VII of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the most prevalent genotype of avian paramyxovirus I (APMV-1) in Asia, is rapidly spreading worldwide. The emergence of new sub-genotype VII.2 in different countries raises questions about the evolutionary patterns of these isolates. Despite the devastating effects of NDV on endangered parrot species and the major role of the psittacines in the cross-species transmission of the virus, there have not been any phylogenetic studies on the NDVs circulation in these populations in Iran. In this regard, a brain sample obtained from three dead cockatiels of a suspected NDV flock with an 80% mortality rate was implemented for further molecular, pathogenicity, and phylogenetic analysis of the fusion gene and deduced amino acid sequences. Pathogenicity indices and Cleavage site investigation revealed the high virulence (112RRQKRF117) of the virus. Phylogenetic studies clustered our isolate (SR0077) among VII.2 sequences from Pakistan, Indonesia, China, Jordan, and Malaysia. Moreover, the nucleotide distances between the studied isolate and VII.2 strains reported from Pakistan were less than 0.01. However, non-VII.2 isolates previously reported from Iran were phylogenetically distinct from our isolate. Taken together, these findings, along with some identical substitutions at functional domains of the F protein, highlight the risk of introducing VII.2 strains to other countries and the possible incidence of new panzootics. Finally, based on history and molecular analyses, it seems that bird trade from Pakistan is the main cause of the development of new VII.2 NDV strains in Iran. ","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A survey of congenital malformations relating to abnormal caprine twins was carried out. According to the degree, sites, and angle of fusion, they have various external variations and are classified as free asymmetric, conjoined symmetric or asymmetric twins (heteropagus or parasitic twins). The aim was to describe and summarize these defects. Among the recorded abnormal twining in goats, several common defects relate to thoraco-omphalopagus. A series of dicephali and diprosopus monsters have also been registered. At last, cases of free asymmetrical twins have been reviewed. There is also a report of a case of unequal conjoined–parasitic twins. The pathogenetic mechanisms of this condition, frequently reported in veterinary practice, are discussed. However, the etiopathogenesis of imperfect twins remains puzzling. The importance of embryonic duplications is commonly associated with dystocia. The manuscript finally introduces a framework of an essential national registry for the malformed companion animals.
{"title":"Abnormal twinning in goat: a review","authors":"A. Pourlis, G. Papakonstantinou, V. Papatsiros","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.35100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.35100","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of congenital malformations relating to abnormal caprine twins was carried out. According to the degree, sites, and angle of fusion, they have various external variations and are classified as free asymmetric, conjoined symmetric or asymmetric twins (heteropagus or parasitic twins). The aim was to describe and summarize these defects. Among the recorded abnormal twining in goats, several common defects relate to thoraco-omphalopagus. A series of dicephali and diprosopus monsters have also been registered. At last, cases of free asymmetrical twins have been reviewed. There is also a report of a case of unequal conjoined–parasitic twins. The pathogenetic mechanisms of this condition, frequently reported in veterinary practice, are discussed. However, the etiopathogenesis of imperfect twins remains puzzling. The importance of embryonic duplications is commonly associated with dystocia. The manuscript finally introduces a framework of an essential national registry for the malformed companion animals.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139614148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Meziane, F. Boughris, M. Boughris, FZ Boudib, R. Khenissa
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of incorporating different levels of carob on carcass quality and the viability of the local rabbit in eastern Algeria. Carob diets with 3.5 kg/T, 5 kg/T, and 100% carob were distributed to 3 groups of kids from the local population, from weaning at 28 days to slaughter at the age of 110 days. The statistical results show the effect of using carob and also with an incorporation rate of 3.5 kg/T on the live weight of the rabbits and led to a decrease in feed conversion ratio, good feed efficiency, and feeding costs. The highest ADG (28-108 days) and final weight at 108 days are 25.82 g/day, and 1328.37 g respectively. The best performing CI was 3.32, obtained during the growing period for a rabbit weaned at 28 days (Group 1) receiving carob supplementation. As a result, the health risk index, or "HRI," was higher for rabbits in the G1 and G2 whole fattening periods (28-35 and 35-49 days, respectively), and then decreased for the remainder of the period. Mortality and morbidity measurements do not indicate any significant effect of carob use on the health status of rabbits (P < 0.05).The results of this work showed that the supplementation of carob improves the growth performance and dressing yield of local rabbits.
{"title":"Effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) on growth parameters and viability of local Algerian rabbit populations (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","authors":"R. Meziane, F. Boughris, M. Boughris, FZ Boudib, R. Khenissa","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.32138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.32138","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of incorporating different levels of carob on carcass quality and the viability of the local rabbit in eastern Algeria. Carob diets with 3.5 kg/T, 5 kg/T, and 100% carob were distributed to 3 groups of kids from the local population, from weaning at 28 days to slaughter at the age of 110 days. The statistical results show the effect of using carob and also with an incorporation rate of 3.5 kg/T on the live weight of the rabbits and led to a decrease in feed conversion ratio, good feed efficiency, and feeding costs. The highest ADG (28-108 days) and final weight at 108 days are 25.82 g/day, and 1328.37 g respectively. The best performing CI was 3.32, obtained during the growing period for a rabbit weaned at 28 days (Group 1) receiving carob supplementation. As a result, the health risk index, or \"HRI,\" was higher for rabbits in the G1 and G2 whole fattening periods (28-35 and 35-49 days, respectively), and then decreased for the remainder of the period. Mortality and morbidity measurements do not indicate any significant effect of carob use on the health status of rabbits (P < 0.05).The results of this work showed that the supplementation of carob improves the growth performance and dressing yield of local rabbits.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139615559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sezgin Deniz, Ahmet Gülçubuk, K. Sönmez, E. Altan, Işıl Aytemiz Danyer, Aydın Gürel, Hüseyin Yılmaz
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is a cause of pneumonia, encephalitis, and abortion in horses. Abortions occur alive or dead in the last trimester of pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of EHV-1 infections in the tissue samples of aborted stillborn and live-born foals and the foals which died soon after birth and compare and correlate the conventional histopathologic diagnosis with IHC and Real-Time PCR. For this purpose, tissue samples (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, placenta, and brain) of 38 foals from Istanbul, Kocaeli, Bursa, and Eskişehir provinces of Turkey between August 2009 and March 2011 were examined Real-Time PCR revealed 52.6 % positivity (20/38), whereas 39.4 % (15/38) positivity was achieved with IHC, which indicated a correlation between these two diagnostic methods. In histopathological evaluation, the inclusion body was found in at least one of the tissue sections belonging to the lung, spleen, and mostly liver of 20 foals (52.6%). Tissue samples of the foals found to be positive by IHC and PCR revealed histopathologic findings compatible with the characteristics of the disease.
{"title":"Investigation of the presence of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in tissue samples of aborted foals by histopathological, immunohistochemical, and Real-Time PCR techniques","authors":"Sezgin Deniz, Ahmet Gülçubuk, K. Sönmez, E. Altan, Işıl Aytemiz Danyer, Aydın Gürel, Hüseyin Yılmaz","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.34093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.34093","url":null,"abstract":"Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is a cause of pneumonia, encephalitis, and abortion in horses. Abortions occur alive or dead in the last trimester of pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of EHV-1 infections in the tissue samples of aborted stillborn and live-born foals and the foals which died soon after birth and compare and correlate the conventional histopathologic diagnosis with IHC and Real-Time PCR. For this purpose, tissue samples (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, placenta, and brain) of 38 foals from Istanbul, Kocaeli, Bursa, and Eskişehir provinces of Turkey between August 2009 and March 2011 were examined Real-Time PCR revealed 52.6 % positivity (20/38), whereas 39.4 % (15/38) positivity was achieved with IHC, which indicated a correlation between these two diagnostic methods. In histopathological evaluation, the inclusion body was found in at least one of the tissue sections belonging to the lung, spleen, and mostly liver of 20 foals (52.6%). Tissue samples of the foals found to be positive by IHC and PCR revealed histopathologic findings compatible with the characteristics of the disease.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yalçın, Özden Tuncer, Akpınar Kankaya, Y. Tuncer, B. Ö. Tuncer, D. Kankaya
In this study, the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) and virulence factor genes were investigated in previously isolated 32 high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) Enterococcus strains isolated from retail chicken meat in Turkey. At least one AME-encoding gene was detected in HLAR enterococci by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ant(6ʹ)-Ia was identified as the most prevalent (87.5%, 28/32) AME gene. The aph(3ʹ)-IIIa (78.13%, 25/32), ant(4ʹ)-Ia (68.75%, 22/32), aph(2ʹʹ)-Ib (62.5%, 20/32), aac(6ʹ)-Ie-aph(2ʹʹ)-Ia (21.88%, 7/32) and aph(2ʹʹ)-Ic (9.38%, 3/32) are the other detected AME-encoding genes in strains. The aph(2ʹʹ)-Id was found in none of the HLAR strains. The aph(2ʹʹ)-Ib and ant(6ʹ)-Ia were identified as the most frequently AME-encoding genes in high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) and high-level streptomycin-resistant (HLSR) strains, respectively. Among the 32 HLAR strains, only E. faecalis MSE61.1 and E. avium MSE63.1 were found capable of hydrolyzing gelatine. All HLAR strains showed α-hemolytic activity except E. durans MG13.4 and E. casseliflavus MGM111.1, which were exhibited β- and γ-hemolytic activity, respectively. It was determined that all HLAR strains, except E. durans MGE13.1 and MGE63.1, contain at least one virulence factor gene. The efaAfm (87.5%, 28/32), acm (65.63%, 21/32) and gelE (37.5%, 12/32) were found to be the most prevalent virulence factor genes. HLAR enterococci strains that have the virulence factor genes may pose a risk to consumer health.
{"title":"Presence of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) and virulence factors in high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) Enterococcus strains isolated from retail chicken meat in Turkey","authors":"M. Yalçın, Özden Tuncer, Akpınar Kankaya, Y. Tuncer, B. Ö. Tuncer, D. Kankaya","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30850","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) and virulence factor genes were investigated in previously isolated 32 high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) Enterococcus strains isolated from retail chicken meat in Turkey. At least one AME-encoding gene was detected in HLAR enterococci by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ant(6ʹ)-Ia was identified as the most prevalent (87.5%, 28/32) AME gene. The aph(3ʹ)-IIIa (78.13%, 25/32), ant(4ʹ)-Ia (68.75%, 22/32), aph(2ʹʹ)-Ib (62.5%, 20/32), aac(6ʹ)-Ie-aph(2ʹʹ)-Ia (21.88%, 7/32) and aph(2ʹʹ)-Ic (9.38%, 3/32) are the other detected AME-encoding genes in strains. The aph(2ʹʹ)-Id was found in none of the HLAR strains. The aph(2ʹʹ)-Ib and ant(6ʹ)-Ia were identified as the most frequently AME-encoding genes in high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) and high-level streptomycin-resistant (HLSR) strains, respectively. Among the 32 HLAR strains, only E. faecalis MSE61.1 and E. avium MSE63.1 were found capable of hydrolyzing gelatine. All HLAR strains showed α-hemolytic activity except E. durans MG13.4 and E. casseliflavus MGM111.1, which were exhibited β- and γ-hemolytic activity, respectively. It was determined that all HLAR strains, except E. durans MGE13.1 and MGE63.1, contain at least one virulence factor gene. The efaAfm (87.5%, 28/32), acm (65.63%, 21/32) and gelE (37.5%, 12/32) were found to be the most prevalent virulence factor genes. HLAR enterococci strains that have the virulence factor genes may pose a risk to consumer health.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139615069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of vitamin C on performance, carcass characteristics, immunity, blood parameters, cecal microbial flora, evaluation of meat taste and fatty acid profile of Arbor Acres commercial strain broilers. In order to investigate the different levels of vitamin C, 120 one-day-old male broilers of the Arbor Acres commercial strain were used in a completely randomized design. In this way, three different levels of vitamin C (0, 250 and 50 mg/kg diet) were tested with 4 repetitions with 10 chicks in each repetition for 42 days. Average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were determined. At the age of 42 days, 2 chicks were randomly selected from each replication and the characteristics of carcass components, blood parameters, liver enzymes, taste evaluation and fatty acid profile of breast meat were measured. The evaluation of the immune system was evaluated by measuring the antibody titers against the Newcastle vaccine, anvian influenza and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and were analyzed with SPSS statistical software. The results showed that in the whole period, no statistical difference was observed between the treatment groups in terms of feed consumption and weight gain and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05), The effect of vitamin C on carcass and intestinal characteristics was not significant, except for the relative weight of the breast (P>0.05). The effect of vitamin C on blood parameters, except for HDL and total cholesterol which were increased were not affected by experimental treatments. Liver enzymes including creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase in broilers receiving experimental treatments were increased by higher levels of vitamin C in the diet (P<0.05). The examination of the immune system of broilers showed that the comparison of the average amount of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin, HTC, MCV, MCH and MCHC was not affected by different levels of vitamin C in the diet (P>0.05). However, the percentage of lymphocytes and heterophils was affected by different levels of vitamin C (P<0.05). The amount of antibody titer against Newcastle virus, influenza and SRBC and organs related to the immune system was not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05).The effect of vitamin C on taste evaluation traits showed that general acceptance and chewing ability were different in all three treatment groups (P<0.05), but other traits were not affected by different levels of vitamin C (P>0.05). The effect of vitamin C on the fatty acid profile of breast meat showed C12:0 was unchanged in the 3 treatment groups, but C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:3 decreased with increasing consumption of vitamin C. The present research suggests that use of 250 mg of vitamin C per kg of diet of broilers of the Arbor Acres strain may have potential economic benefits.
本实验的目的是研究不同水平的维生素 C 对 Arbor Acres 商品品系肉鸡的生产性能、胴体特征、免疫力、血液参数、盲肠微生物菌群、肉味评价和脂肪酸谱的影响。为了研究不同水平的维生素 C，我们采用完全随机设计法饲养了 120 只一天龄的 Arbor Acres 商品品系雄性肉鸡。通过这种方法，对三种不同水平的维生素 C（0、250 和 50 毫克/千克日粮）进行了 4 次重复试验，每次重复试验 10 只雏鸡，试验持续 42 天。测定了平均日增重、平均日采食量和饲料转化率。42 日龄时，从每个重复中随机抽取 2 只雏鸡，测定胴体成分、血液参数、肝酶、口味评价和胸脯肉脂肪酸谱。对免疫系统的评价是通过测定对新城疫疫苗、禽流感和绵羊红细胞（SRBC）的抗体滴度进行的，并用 SPSS 统计软件进行了分析。结果表明，在整个饲养期间，各处理组之间在饲料消耗量和增重以及饲料转化率方面没有统计学差异（P>0.05），维生素 C 对胴体和肠道特征的影响不显著，但对乳房相对重量的影响显著（P>0.05）。维生素 C 对血液指标的影响，除了高密度脂蛋白和总胆固醇增加外，其他指标不受实验处理的影响。日粮中维生素 C 含量越高，接受实验处理的肉鸡的肝酶包括肌酸磷酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶越高（P0.05）。维生素 C 对肉鸡味觉评价性状的影响表明，三个处理组的肉鸡对维生素 C 的接受度和咀嚼能力均不同（P0.05）。维生素 C 对胸脯肉脂肪酸谱的影响表明，C12:0 在 3 个处理组中没有变化，但 C14:0、C16:0、C18:0、C18:3 随维生素 C 用量的增加而减少。
{"title":"The effect of different levels of vitamin C on performance, carcass characteristics, digestive organs, immunity, blood parameters, liver enzymes, cecal microflora, evaluation of meat taste and fatty acid profile of breast meat of broilers","authors":"M. Naddaf-Fahmideh, A. Seidavi, M. Bouyeh","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31542","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of vitamin C on performance, carcass characteristics, immunity, blood parameters, cecal microbial flora, evaluation of meat taste and fatty acid profile of Arbor Acres commercial strain broilers. In order to investigate the different levels of vitamin C, 120 one-day-old male broilers of the Arbor Acres commercial strain were used in a completely randomized design. In this way, three different levels of vitamin C (0, 250 and 50 mg/kg diet) were tested with 4 repetitions with 10 chicks in each repetition for 42 days. Average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were determined. At the age of 42 days, 2 chicks were randomly selected from each replication and the characteristics of carcass components, blood parameters, liver enzymes, taste evaluation and fatty acid profile of breast meat were measured. The evaluation of the immune system was evaluated by measuring the antibody titers against the Newcastle vaccine, anvian influenza and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and were analyzed with SPSS statistical software. The results showed that in the whole period, no statistical difference was observed between the treatment groups in terms of feed consumption and weight gain and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05), The effect of vitamin C on carcass and intestinal characteristics was not significant, except for the relative weight of the breast (P>0.05). The effect of vitamin C on blood parameters, except for HDL and total cholesterol which were increased were not affected by experimental treatments. Liver enzymes including creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase in broilers receiving experimental treatments were increased by higher levels of vitamin C in the diet (P<0.05). The examination of the immune system of broilers showed that the comparison of the average amount of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin, HTC, MCV, MCH and MCHC was not affected by different levels of vitamin C in the diet (P>0.05). However, the percentage of lymphocytes and heterophils was affected by different levels of vitamin C (P<0.05). The amount of antibody titer against Newcastle virus, influenza and SRBC and organs related to the immune system was not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05).The effect of vitamin C on taste evaluation traits showed that general acceptance and chewing ability were different in all three treatment groups (P<0.05), but other traits were not affected by different levels of vitamin C (P>0.05). The effect of vitamin C on the fatty acid profile of breast meat showed C12:0 was unchanged in the 3 treatment groups, but C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:3 decreased with increasing consumption of vitamin C. The present research suggests that use of 250 mg of vitamin C per kg of diet of broilers of the Arbor Acres strain may have potential economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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