Treatment of infections caused by opportunistic pathogenic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is complicated by the bacterium's ability to produce biofilms and high antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of genetic relatedness, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, biofilm genes associated with virulence and integron genes among isolates of S. maltophilia recovered from bovine milk with subclinical mastitis. In this study, bacterial identification was performed using conventional methods. While using the smeT gene-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to confirm the species-level identification of isolates; PCR was also used to detect virulence and integron genes, too. The quantitative Microplate Test (MP) method was used to determine the phenotypic biofilm production capacity of the isolates. The resistance patterns of the isolates against 9 antibiotics belonging to 9 antimicrobial families were examined using the disk diffusion method. Isolates resistant to at least three drug classes from various antimicrobial drug classes were defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). The genetic linkage of S. maltophilia isolates was investigated by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intragenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR. The Chi-Square (χ2) test was used to compare the relationship between the biofilm-forming capacity of the isolates with the prevalence of biofilm-associated virulence genes and integron genes with MDR. In the study, a total of 312 milk samples with subclinical mastitis were taken from 27 farms. Ten isolates from five farms were phenotypically and genotypically identified as S. maltophilia. All isolates were resistant to cefepime and imipenem. While 70% of the isolates were MDR; 80% carried one of the integron genes. By the MP test, the phenotypically biofilm-forming capacity identified in isolates was detected at 80%. The prevalence of the studied virulence genes was rpfF 60%, rmlA 70%, spgM and smf1 80%. There was no significant relationship between the biofilm-forming capacity of the isolates with the prevalence of biofilm-associated virulence genes and MDR with integron genes. S. maltophilia isolates were detected simply and quickly, using PCR based on the smeT gene, from bovine milk samples for the first time in Turkey. In the UPGMA analysis performed in the PyElph 1.4 program, a total of 5 genotypes were found, 2 single and 3 multiple according to 18% similarity coefficient. ERIC-PCR can be useful in identifying S. maltophilia isolates with epidemic potential.
{"title":"Investigation of genetic relatedness, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, biofilm-related virulence genes and integron-related genes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates obtained from bovine milk samples with mastitis","authors":"F Ocak, S Turkyilmaz","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30641","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of infections caused by opportunistic pathogenic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is complicated by the bacterium's ability to produce biofilms and high antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of genetic relatedness, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, biofilm genes associated with virulence and integron genes among isolates of S. maltophilia recovered from bovine milk with subclinical mastitis. In this study, bacterial identification was performed using conventional methods. While using the smeT gene-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to confirm the species-level identification of isolates; PCR was also used to detect virulence and integron genes, too. The quantitative Microplate Test (MP) method was used to determine the phenotypic biofilm production capacity of the isolates. The resistance patterns of the isolates against 9 antibiotics belonging to 9 antimicrobial families were examined using the disk diffusion method. Isolates resistant to at least three drug classes from various antimicrobial drug classes were defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). The genetic linkage of S. maltophilia isolates was investigated by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intragenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR. The Chi-Square (χ2) test was used to compare the relationship between the biofilm-forming capacity of the isolates with the prevalence of biofilm-associated virulence genes and integron genes with MDR. In the study, a total of 312 milk samples with subclinical mastitis were taken from 27 farms. Ten isolates from five farms were phenotypically and genotypically identified as S. maltophilia. All isolates were resistant to cefepime and imipenem. While 70% of the isolates were MDR; 80% carried one of the integron genes. By the MP test, the phenotypically biofilm-forming capacity identified in isolates was detected at 80%. The prevalence of the studied virulence genes was rpfF 60%, rmlA 70%, spgM and smf1 80%. There was no significant relationship between the biofilm-forming capacity of the isolates with the prevalence of biofilm-associated virulence genes and MDR with integron genes. S. maltophilia isolates were detected simply and quickly, using PCR based on the smeT gene, from bovine milk samples for the first time in Turkey. In the UPGMA analysis performed in the PyElph 1.4 program, a total of 5 genotypes were found, 2 single and 3 multiple according to 18% similarity coefficient. ERIC-PCR can be useful in identifying S. maltophilia isolates with epidemic potential.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EC Pappa, E Kondyli, J Samelis, E Malamou, A Kakouri, AM Vlachou
Tsalafouti is a white cheese with mild sour, acidic taste. Its spreadable texture has no gas holdings. In the present work, Tsalafouti cheese was industrially manufactured and its biochemical, organoleptic and microbiological characteristics were investigated. At 30 days of storage, the mean pH was 4.05 and moisture content was 68.06%, fat 14.9%, fat-in-dry matter 46.52%, salt 1.55%, ash 2.4%, and proteins 10.92%. Level of proteolysis remained stable during storage. The volatile compounds 3 methyl butanol, acetoin, ethanol, acetone, were found in high levels on day 30. During the organoleptic evaluation Tsalafouti was very much appreciated until day 45. Total viable counts enumerated on skim-milk containing media at 37oC remained constant within 7.5-8.0 log CFU/g from day 15 to day 90 of storage of the industrially ripened cheese. However, typical mesophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased to 8.1-8.5 log CFU/g and predominated the technological biota, whereas typical thermophilic LAB, inclusive of enterococci, remained subdominant by 1-3 log units throughout storage. Yeasts were beneficial for the sensory quality of industrial Tsalafouti from day 30 to 45 when their counts were below 6-7 log CFU/g; however, yeasts turned to be the primary spoilage agents after their counts increased to 7.5 log CFU/g with prolonged storage (day 60 to 90). All industrial cheese samples were microbiologically safe as due to their low pH (3.85 to 4.13). These data could be useful for the better recognition of traditional Greek Tsalafouti cheese.
{"title":"Biochemical and microbiological characteristics of industrial Tsalafouti cheese","authors":"EC Pappa, E Kondyli, J Samelis, E Malamou, A Kakouri, AM Vlachou","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30719","url":null,"abstract":"Tsalafouti is a white cheese with mild sour, acidic taste. Its spreadable texture has no gas holdings. In the present work, Tsalafouti cheese was industrially manufactured and its biochemical, organoleptic and microbiological characteristics were investigated. At 30 days of storage, the mean pH was 4.05 and moisture content was 68.06%, fat 14.9%, fat-in-dry matter 46.52%, salt 1.55%, ash 2.4%, and proteins 10.92%. Level of proteolysis remained stable during storage. The volatile compounds 3 methyl butanol, acetoin, ethanol, acetone, were found in high levels on day 30. During the organoleptic evaluation Tsalafouti was very much appreciated until day 45. Total viable counts enumerated on skim-milk containing media at 37oC remained constant within 7.5-8.0 log CFU/g from day 15 to day 90 of storage of the industrially ripened cheese. However, typical mesophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased to 8.1-8.5 log CFU/g and predominated the technological biota, whereas typical thermophilic LAB, inclusive of enterococci, remained subdominant by 1-3 log units throughout storage. Yeasts were beneficial for the sensory quality of industrial Tsalafouti from day 30 to 45 when their counts were below 6-7 log CFU/g; however, yeasts turned to be the primary spoilage agents after their counts increased to 7.5 log CFU/g with prolonged storage (day 60 to 90). All industrial cheese samples were microbiologically safe as due to their low pH (3.85 to 4.13). These data could be useful for the better recognition of traditional Greek Tsalafouti cheese.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F Kazak, T Cimrin, S Alasahan, MA Kisacam, T Kutlu
This study aims to determine the effects of supplementation of different doses of black cumin seeds (NS) to quail feeds on carcass characteristics, kidney oxidant antioxidant levels, and ileum histomorphology. A total of 432 mixed-sex three days old Japanese quails were randomly divided into four groups. The groups were fed on either a basal diet alone (Control Group) or a basal diet supplemented with NS at rates of 0.5% (NS-0.5 Group), 1% (NS-1 Group), and 2% (NS-2 Group). It was determined that the back+neck weight in the NS-2 group and head weight and ratio in the NS-1 and NS-2 groups decreased. The thigh rate increased in the NS-0.5 group compared to the control and other NS groups. Kidney glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and male quails' catalase values were increased in NS groups compared to the control group. The kidney vitamin C increased only in the NS-2 group compared to the control. In the NS-2 group, the villus height decreased both on a group basis and in female quails, while the villus width decreased only in female quails. Consequently, it was determined that dietary supplementation of NS at rates of 0.5% increased the thigh rate, dietary supplementation at three different doses of NS were effective in maintaining the kidney oxidant-antioxidant balance, and the ileum histomorphology did not change except for dietary supplementation of NS at rates of 2%. Therefore, it can be stated that black cumin seeds can be used as a natural antioxidant source in the quail diet.
{"title":"The effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa l..) seed on carcass characteristics, kidney oxidant antioxidant levels and ileum histomorphology in Japanese quails","authors":"F Kazak, T Cimrin, S Alasahan, MA Kisacam, T Kutlu","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30647","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effects of supplementation of different doses of black cumin seeds (NS) to quail feeds on carcass characteristics, kidney oxidant antioxidant levels, and ileum histomorphology. A total of 432 mixed-sex three days old Japanese quails were randomly divided into four groups. The groups were fed on either a basal diet alone (Control Group) or a basal diet supplemented with NS at rates of 0.5% (NS-0.5 Group), 1% (NS-1 Group), and 2% (NS-2 Group). It was determined that the back+neck weight in the NS-2 group and head weight and ratio in the NS-1 and NS-2 groups decreased. The thigh rate increased in the NS-0.5 group compared to the control and other NS groups. Kidney glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and male quails' catalase values were increased in NS groups compared to the control group. The kidney vitamin C increased only in the NS-2 group compared to the control. In the NS-2 group, the villus height decreased both on a group basis and in female quails, while the villus width decreased only in female quails. Consequently, it was determined that dietary supplementation of NS at rates of 0.5% increased the thigh rate, dietary supplementation at three different doses of NS were effective in maintaining the kidney oxidant-antioxidant balance, and the ileum histomorphology did not change except for dietary supplementation of NS at rates of 2%. Therefore, it can be stated that black cumin seeds can be used as a natural antioxidant source in the quail diet.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F Biyik, H Biricik, E Urkmez, C Kara, I Cetin, D Udum
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rosemary essential oil (REO) supplementation on growth performance, some blood metabolites and rumen fermentation in calves throughout the suckling period. Fourty Holstein calves were randomly divided to four dietary groups. Each group consisted of 10 calves; control with no REO supplementation (CON), supplementation of 500 mg/d REO (REO1), supplementation of 1000 mg/d REO (REO2) and supplementation of 2000 mg/d REO (REO3). REO supplementation quadratically increased (P<0.05) the calf starter (CS) intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. Calves fed REO1 and REO2 had the highest CS intake and ADG. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was lower (P=0.02) for calves fed REO3 than calves fed REO1, but total volatile fatty acids concentration was higher (P<0.01) for calves fed REO1 compared with calves fed CON and REO3. The concentrations of ghrelin, NEFA and BHBA increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of REO. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the highest concentration of ghrelin. Cholesterol concentration decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing REO levels on d 56. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the lowest cholesterol concentration. Also, serum IgG concentration was higher (P<0.01) in calves fed REO2 and REO3 compared with calves fed CON on d 28. It was concluded that the addition of different amounts of rosemary essential oil can positively change some rumen and blood metabolites of calves, as well as the supplementation of REO may have a beneficial effect on growth performance by increasing ghrelin.
{"title":"Effects of rosemary essential oil as a feed additive on performance, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters in preweaning Holstein calves","authors":"F Biyik, H Biricik, E Urkmez, C Kara, I Cetin, D Udum","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31076","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rosemary essential oil (REO) supplementation on growth performance, some blood metabolites and rumen fermentation in calves throughout the suckling period. Fourty Holstein calves were randomly divided to four dietary groups. Each group consisted of 10 calves; control with no REO supplementation (CON), supplementation of 500 mg/d REO (REO1), supplementation of 1000 mg/d REO (REO2) and supplementation of 2000 mg/d REO (REO3). REO supplementation quadratically increased (P<0.05) the calf starter (CS) intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. Calves fed REO1 and REO2 had the highest CS intake and ADG. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was lower (P=0.02) for calves fed REO3 than calves fed REO1, but total volatile fatty acids concentration was higher (P<0.01) for calves fed REO1 compared with calves fed CON and REO3. The concentrations of ghrelin, NEFA and BHBA increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of REO. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the highest concentration of ghrelin. Cholesterol concentration decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing REO levels on d 56. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the lowest cholesterol concentration. Also, serum IgG concentration was higher (P<0.01) in calves fed REO2 and REO3 compared with calves fed CON on d 28. It was concluded that the addition of different amounts of rosemary essential oil can positively change some rumen and blood metabolites of calves, as well as the supplementation of REO may have a beneficial effect on growth performance by increasing ghrelin.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a feline retrovirus that causes various effects on cat health. FeLV, along with other retroviruses, has altered in terms of molecular structure and pathogenetic and clinical status due to integration into the host genome. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence of enFeLV in the indoor-cats and provide a comparison with potential exFeLV prevalence. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the relationship between positive cases of enFeLV and risk factors including age, gender, breed. We collected 200 samples from domestic cats in Turkey for molecular diagnosis and characterization of en- or exFeLV. Amplified products were purified and sequenced using the Sanger method. According to the phylogenetic tree, our sequences constituted two main clusters that were divergent from each other in Group-2 enFeLVs. The unit of “Health status” in the overall population comprised 161 healthy and 39 diseased cats according to clinical diagnosis. In diseased cats, 17 were found to be enFeLV positive (17/39; 43.6%). “Gender”, “age”, and “breed” were not found to be risk factors for the presence of enFeLV among domestic cats in this study. With regards to the outcomes of the study, we submit that both variants of FeLV should be tested prior to initiating a vaccination program.
{"title":"Does endogenous feline leukemia virus occur as a risk factor?: A molecular characterization study from Türkiye","authors":"BT Koç, TÇ Oğuzoğlu","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30837","url":null,"abstract":"Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a feline retrovirus that causes various effects on cat health. FeLV, along with other retroviruses, has altered in terms of molecular structure and pathogenetic and clinical status due to integration into the host genome. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence of enFeLV in the indoor-cats and provide a comparison with potential exFeLV prevalence. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the relationship between positive cases of enFeLV and risk factors including age, gender, breed. We collected 200 samples from domestic cats in Turkey for molecular diagnosis and characterization of en- or exFeLV. Amplified products were purified and sequenced using the Sanger method. According to the phylogenetic tree, our sequences constituted two main clusters that were divergent from each other in Group-2 enFeLVs. The unit of “Health status” in the overall population comprised 161 healthy and 39 diseased cats according to clinical diagnosis. In diseased cats, 17 were found to be enFeLV positive (17/39; 43.6%). “Gender”, “age”, and “breed” were not found to be risk factors for the presence of enFeLV among domestic cats in this study. With regards to the outcomes of the study, we submit that both variants of FeLV should be tested prior to initiating a vaccination program.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abortion in sheep and goats is one of the most important reproductive problems that affect small ruminants breeding. Non-infectious factors and infectious agents such as bacterial, viral, mycotic and parasitic infectious agents can cause abortion in sheep and goats. A high rate of abortion (43.75%) was observed in two sheep flocks in Niğde Province in Turkey during the lambing season in 2016. To determine the reason of abortion, aborted sheep foetuses (n = 3) and EDTA whole blood samples (n = 3) from mother of the foetuses were collected from two sheep flocks. Aborted foetuses and buffy coat cells of the EDTA whole blood samples were used for total nucleic acid extraction. Extracted nucleic acids were analysed for akabane virus (AKAV), bluetongue virus (BTV), peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), pestiviruses, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus), Coxiella burnetii and Listeria monocytogenes. Border disease virus (BDV) RNA and C. abortus DNA were detected in three aborted sheep foetuses whereas other investigated infectious agents were not detected. Additionally, EDTA whole blood samples from mother of the foetuses were also found BDV positive. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report on BDV and C. abortus co-infection in aborted sheep foetuses.
{"title":"Border disease virus and chlamydophila abortus co-infection in aborted sheep foetuses","authors":"M Şevik","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30570","url":null,"abstract":"Abortion in sheep and goats is one of the most important reproductive problems that affect small ruminants breeding. Non-infectious factors and infectious agents such as bacterial, viral, mycotic and parasitic infectious agents can cause abortion in sheep and goats. A high rate of abortion (43.75%) was observed in two sheep flocks in Niğde Province in Turkey during the lambing season in 2016. To determine the reason of abortion, aborted sheep foetuses (n = 3) and EDTA whole blood samples (n = 3) from mother of the foetuses were collected from two sheep flocks. Aborted foetuses and buffy coat cells of the EDTA whole blood samples were used for total nucleic acid extraction. Extracted nucleic acids were analysed for akabane virus (AKAV), bluetongue virus (BTV), peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), pestiviruses, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus), Coxiella burnetii and Listeria monocytogenes. Border disease virus (BDV) RNA and C. abortus DNA were detected in three aborted sheep foetuses whereas other investigated infectious agents were not detected. Additionally, EDTA whole blood samples from mother of the foetuses were also found BDV positive. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report on BDV and C. abortus co-infection in aborted sheep foetuses.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feline panleukopenia (FP) virus, which is closely related to canine parvovirus, is a fatal viral disease that affects mitotically active tissues such as intestinal cells, lymphoid tissue and bone marrow in cats of all ages and causes a wide variety of clinical findings. Despite its high incidence, there is still a need for studies on the effectiveness of demographic, routine clinical and hemogram data on the diagnosis of FP, which has not been investigated as much as canine parvoviral infection. The Panleukopenia Group of the study consisted of 50 naturally infected cats with panleukopenia, and the Control Group consisted of 10 healthy cats of similar age and body weight. Information on sex, age, body weight, breed and origin of all cats was recorded. Venous blood samples were obtained from the cats eligible for inclusion in the study, and the diagnostic efficacy of clinical examination findings and demographic data along with hemogram parameters were investigated. Most of the Panleukopenia Group cats were indoor and were bought from a breeder. The most prominent clinical finding of the diseased cats was loss of appetite. This was followed by dehydration, stagnation, depression, vomiting, diarrhea and ocular discharge. In clinical examination, respiratory rate, pulse and body temperature values were higher in the Panleukopenia Group (p< 0.017). As a result of hemogram analysis, it was determined that WBC, lymphocyte, monocytes, granulocytes, RBC, Hct, RDW, Hb and THR levels were lower in the Panleukopenia Group (p< 0.040). As a result of the ROC analysis, it was determined that from clinical examination parameters, respiratory rate had excellent, pulse and body temperature had good; from hemogram parameters, WBC and granulocyte had outstanding, lymphocyte and RDW had excellent, monocytes, Hct and THR had good, RBC and Hb had acceptable diagnostic performances. As a result, it was concluded that demographic data and clinical findings along with abnormal leukograms such as leukopenia, lymphopenia and granulocytopenia and abnormal hemogram patterns such as anemia and thrombocytopenia may be helpful in the diagnosis of FP in triage and in cases where antibodies bind to viral epitopes resulting in false negatives.
{"title":"Diagnostic Performances of Clinical and Hematological Parameters in Cats Naturally Infected with Feline PanleukopeniaVirus","authors":"E Gülersoy, C Balıkçı, BB Erol, A Şahan, İ Günal","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30721","url":null,"abstract":"Feline panleukopenia (FP) virus, which is closely related to canine parvovirus, is a fatal viral disease that affects mitotically active tissues such as intestinal cells, lymphoid tissue and bone marrow in cats of all ages and causes a wide variety of clinical findings. Despite its high incidence, there is still a need for studies on the effectiveness of demographic, routine clinical and hemogram data on the diagnosis of FP, which has not been investigated as much as canine parvoviral infection. The Panleukopenia Group of the study consisted of 50 naturally infected cats with panleukopenia, and the Control Group consisted of 10 healthy cats of similar age and body weight. Information on sex, age, body weight, breed and origin of all cats was recorded. Venous blood samples were obtained from the cats eligible for inclusion in the study, and the diagnostic efficacy of clinical examination findings and demographic data along with hemogram parameters were investigated. Most of the Panleukopenia Group cats were indoor and were bought from a breeder. The most prominent clinical finding of the diseased cats was loss of appetite. This was followed by dehydration, stagnation, depression, vomiting, diarrhea and ocular discharge. In clinical examination, respiratory rate, pulse and body temperature values were higher in the Panleukopenia Group (p< 0.017). As a result of hemogram analysis, it was determined that WBC, lymphocyte, monocytes, granulocytes, RBC, Hct, RDW, Hb and THR levels were lower in the Panleukopenia Group (p< 0.040). As a result of the ROC analysis, it was determined that from clinical examination parameters, respiratory rate had excellent, pulse and body temperature had good; from hemogram parameters, WBC and granulocyte had outstanding, lymphocyte and RDW had excellent, monocytes, Hct and THR had good, RBC and Hb had acceptable diagnostic performances. As a result, it was concluded that demographic data and clinical findings along with abnormal leukograms such as leukopenia, lymphopenia and granulocytopenia and abnormal hemogram patterns such as anemia and thrombocytopenia may be helpful in the diagnosis of FP in triage and in cases where antibodies bind to viral epitopes resulting in false negatives.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Turkey, water buffalo husbandry is conducted generally by using the traditional methods in shelters designed for cattle. The present study reports the data of the items of a questionnaire, which was conducted with 122 water buffalo breeders which are located in Central, Şarkışla, and Suşehri districts of Sivas province, regarding the structural and technical aspects of shelters such as shelter location, shelter type, building material, ventilation, and lighting. It was determined that, among the water buffalo breeders in Sivas province, the shelters were generally (73.5%) located nearby the house, that the building materials used in construction of the shelters were stone in 55.4%, concrete in 21.5% and briquette in 16.5% (p<0.0001), and that the floor materials used were concrete in 99.2% (p<0.05), whereas the roofing material was sheet metal/eternit in 80% (p<0.0001). It was found that water buffalos and cattle were held together in closed tethered systems (95.8%) and the space needs of animals were met by using chains having 40-60cm in length (63.1%). In conclusion, considering the animal welfare and behaviors, it was concluded that the infrastructural improvements to ensure the standardization in water buffalo shelters should be prioritized, that the old shelters should be re-organized, and that the watering systems in shelters should be analyzed.
{"title":"Examining the Structural and Technical Characteristics of the Water Buffalo Farms in Sivas Province from the Perspective of Animal Welfare","authors":"G Özdemir","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30720","url":null,"abstract":"In Turkey, water buffalo husbandry is conducted generally by using the traditional methods in shelters designed for cattle. The present study reports the data of the items of a questionnaire, which was conducted with 122 water buffalo breeders which are located in Central, Şarkışla, and Suşehri districts of Sivas province, regarding the structural and technical aspects of shelters such as shelter location, shelter type, building material, ventilation, and lighting. It was determined that, among the water buffalo breeders in Sivas province, the shelters were generally (73.5%) located nearby the house, that the building materials used in construction of the shelters were stone in 55.4%, concrete in 21.5% and briquette in 16.5% (p<0.0001), and that the floor materials used were concrete in 99.2% (p<0.05), whereas the roofing material was sheet metal/eternit in 80% (p<0.0001). It was found that water buffalos and cattle were held together in closed tethered systems (95.8%) and the space needs of animals were met by using chains having 40-60cm in length (63.1%). In conclusion, considering the animal welfare and behaviors, it was concluded that the infrastructural improvements to ensure the standardization in water buffalo shelters should be prioritized, that the old shelters should be re-organized, and that the watering systems in shelters should be analyzed.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious and zoonotic disease that adversely affects human and animal health, caused by the formation of tubercules in a caseous character in the lungs, other tissues and organs. The causative of the disease is Mycobacterium bovis. An increase or decrease in acute phase protein (APP) levels is observed in various bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases in cattle. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to determine the changes in the levels of AFPs in cattle infected with M. bovis. In the study, 26 tuberculosis suspected and 10 healthy cattle blood serums collected from various enterprises in Samsun were used. Rose bengal plate test and complement fixation test were applied in serum by taking blood into heparin containing tubes from vena jugularis of cattle. Whole blood samples were subjected to gamma interferon ELISA test. Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), albumin and total protein (TP) levels, which are among the acute phase proteins, were determined in the blood serums taken from the groups. As a result of the analysis, when the AFP levels of the cattle infected with M. bovis and the cattle in the healthy group were compared, it was determined that haptoglobin (p < 0.01), serum amyloid A (p < 0.01) and total protein (p < 0.01) levels, which are AFPs increased statistically significantly compared to the healthy group, while the albümin (p > 0.05) level decreased, but there was no statistically significant difference.
Keywords: acute phase protein (APP); cattle; mycobacterium bovis; tuberculosis (TB),
{"title":"Investigation of Acute Phase Proteins in Cattle Infected with Mycobacterium bovis","authors":"S Çenesiz, B Şahin, RK Akpinar, Y Kiliçoğlu","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30671","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious and zoonotic disease that adversely affects human and animal health, caused by the formation of tubercules in a caseous character in the lungs, other tissues and organs. The causative of the disease is Mycobacterium bovis. An increase or decrease in acute phase protein (APP) levels is observed in various bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases in cattle. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to determine the changes in the levels of AFPs in cattle infected with M. bovis. In the study, 26 tuberculosis suspected and 10 healthy cattle blood serums collected from various enterprises in Samsun were used. Rose bengal plate test and complement fixation test were applied in serum by taking blood into heparin containing tubes from vena jugularis of cattle. Whole blood samples were subjected to gamma interferon ELISA test. Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), albumin and total protein (TP) levels, which are among the acute phase proteins, were determined in the blood serums taken from the groups. As a result of the analysis, when the AFP levels of the cattle infected with M. bovis and the cattle in the healthy group were compared, it was determined that haptoglobin (p < 0.01), serum amyloid A (p < 0.01) and total protein (p < 0.01) levels, which are AFPs increased statistically significantly compared to the healthy group, while the albümin (p > 0.05) level decreased, but there was no statistically significant difference.
 Keywords: acute phase protein (APP); cattle; mycobacterium bovis; tuberculosis (TB),","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aseel birds are known for their hardiness, thermotolerance, pugnacity, and robustness. However, they are highly susceptible to Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle Disease (ND) viruses which cause huge mortalities. Present study was designed to identify polymorphisms in exon-14 of Mx1, and 5’UTR & intron-7 of ROBO2 gene associated with antibody response to AIV (H9N2) and ND virus respectively in adult Aseel birds. After screening of 500 birds for HI-based antibody response against both viruses, two separate set of 40 birds, one for each virus, were selected on the basis of maximum divergence in their antibody response. The sequence data of exon-14 of Mx1 gene revealed 3 SNP, and that of ROBO2 gene showed 2 SNPs in intron-7 and 1 in 5’UTR. The genotypic frequencies of identified variants were tested for goodness-of-fit and only Mx_810 showed significant difference. The results of association analysis revealed a non-synonymous SNP (G>A), Mx1_567, significantly associated with pre- (P<0.01) and post-vaccination (P<0.01) antibody response against AIV. The LSD results showed that homozygous mutant (AA), and heterozygous (AG) genotypes had significantly greater values of pre- and post-vaccination antibody response compared with wild-type genotype. However, no SNP in the ROBO2 gene was found significantly associated with antibody response.
飞禽以其耐寒、耐热、好斗和健壮而闻名。然而，它们对导致大量死亡的禽流感(AI)和新城疫(ND)病毒非常敏感。本研究旨在鉴定Mx1外显子14的多态性，以及5'UTR &成年雏鸟对AIV (H9N2)和ND病毒抗体应答相关的ROBO2基因内含子-7在筛选了500只鸟对这两种病毒的基于hiv的抗体反应后，根据抗体反应的最大差异，选择了两组40只鸟，每种病毒一种。Mx1基因外显子14的序列数据显示3个SNP, ROBO2基因的序列数据显示7内含子2个SNP, 5'UTR 1个SNP。对所鉴定变异的基因型频率进行拟合优度检验，只有Mx_810存在显著差异。关联分析结果显示，非同义SNP (G> a) Mx1_567与接种前(P<0.01)和接种后(P<0.01)抗AIV抗体应答显著相关。LSD结果显示，纯合子突变型(AA)和杂合子基因型(AG)在疫苗接种前和接种后的抗体应答值显著高于野生型基因型。然而，没有发现ROBO2基因的SNP与抗体反应显著相关。
{"title":"Identification of single nucleotide variant in Mx1 gene associated with antibody response to Avian Influenza virus in Aseel chickens","authors":"R Majeed, I Zahoor, A Anjum, M Ali, A Basheer","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30940","url":null,"abstract":"Aseel birds are known for their hardiness, thermotolerance, pugnacity, and robustness. However, they are highly susceptible to Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle Disease (ND) viruses which cause huge mortalities. Present study was designed to identify polymorphisms in exon-14 of Mx1, and 5’UTR & intron-7 of ROBO2 gene associated with antibody response to AIV (H9N2) and ND virus respectively in adult Aseel birds. After screening of 500 birds for HI-based antibody response against both viruses, two separate set of 40 birds, one for each virus, were selected on the basis of maximum divergence in their antibody response. The sequence data of exon-14 of Mx1 gene revealed 3 SNP, and that of ROBO2 gene showed 2 SNPs in intron-7 and 1 in 5’UTR. The genotypic frequencies of identified variants were tested for goodness-of-fit and only Mx_810 showed significant difference. The results of association analysis revealed a non-synonymous SNP (G>A), Mx1_567, significantly associated with pre- (P<0.01) and post-vaccination (P<0.01) antibody response against AIV. The LSD results showed that homozygous mutant (AA), and heterozygous (AG) genotypes had significantly greater values of pre- and post-vaccination antibody response compared with wild-type genotype. However, no SNP in the ROBO2 gene was found significantly associated with antibody response.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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