HEM Hassanien, EM Abdel-Raouf, AMM Mahmoud, LW Greene
A negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) induces a compensated metabolic acidosis, stimulating calcium (Ca) absorption and mobilization before calving, thereby decreasing clinical and subclinical hypocalcemia postpartum. The study was designed to determine the effects of varying pre- and postpartum DCAD diets on serum total calcium, ionized calcium, blood and ruminal fluid metabolites, and milk production in prepartum and postpartum Holstein cows. Fifty-four multiparous dry Holstein cows n= 54, were enrolled in a completely randomized block experimental design at 29 days prior to expected parturition through 86 days in milk. A 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized. Three DCAD levels were fed precalving (0, -120 and -200 mEq/kg DM), n=18 cows per treatment and two DCAD levels were fed post calving (+200 and +400 mEq/kg DM), n=27 cows per treatment. Prepartum urine pH was lower for cows fed -200 DCAD compared with those fed -120 or 0 DCAD. Postpartum urine pH was higher for cows fed +400 mEq/kg compared to cows fed +200 mEq/kg DCAD. Prepartum serum total calcium, ionized calcium, and hydroxyproline was highest for cows fed -200 DCAD compared to those fed -120 and 0 DCAD. Parathyroid hormone was highest for cows fed 0 DCAD compared to those fed -120 and -200 DCAD. Prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) was lower for -200 and -120 DCAD compared with 0 DCAD. Postpartum DMI was not different among treatments. Pre- and postpartum DCAD treatments did not affect total milk yield or milk fat, percentage of milk protein not affected by different pre-and postpartum DCAD levels. Prepartum anionic diets lowered urine pH and parathyroid hormone and raised serum hydroxyproline, resulting in improved Ca availability after parturition. Postpartum blood metabolites were unaffected in cows given positive DCAD (+200 and +400 mEq/kg DM). Calves born to cows fed low DCAD had no change in calf bieth weight. Colostrum amount and IgG concentrations were unaffected by treatments. No effects of pre-or postpartum DCAD treatments were observed for milk yield and fat-corrected milk. Feeding prepartum an acidogenic diet improved postpartum Ca status in multiparous Holstein cows.
{"title":"The Effect of Variation in Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on Calcium Status, Blood Metabolites and Rumen Activity during the Transition Period of Holstein Dairy Cows","authors":"HEM Hassanien, EM Abdel-Raouf, AMM Mahmoud, LW Greene","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30607","url":null,"abstract":"A negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) induces a compensated metabolic acidosis, stimulating calcium (Ca) absorption and mobilization before calving, thereby decreasing clinical and subclinical hypocalcemia postpartum. The study was designed to determine the effects of varying pre- and postpartum DCAD diets on serum total calcium, ionized calcium, blood and ruminal fluid metabolites, and milk production in prepartum and postpartum Holstein cows. Fifty-four multiparous dry Holstein cows n= 54, were enrolled in a completely randomized block experimental design at 29 days prior to expected parturition through 86 days in milk. A 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized. Three DCAD levels were fed precalving (0, -120 and -200 mEq/kg DM), n=18 cows per treatment and two DCAD levels were fed post calving (+200 and +400 mEq/kg DM), n=27 cows per treatment. Prepartum urine pH was lower for cows fed -200 DCAD compared with those fed -120 or 0 DCAD. Postpartum urine pH was higher for cows fed +400 mEq/kg compared to cows fed +200 mEq/kg DCAD. Prepartum serum total calcium, ionized calcium, and hydroxyproline was highest for cows fed -200 DCAD compared to those fed -120 and 0 DCAD. Parathyroid hormone was highest for cows fed 0 DCAD compared to those fed -120 and -200 DCAD. Prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) was lower for -200 and -120 DCAD compared with 0 DCAD. Postpartum DMI was not different among treatments. Pre- and postpartum DCAD treatments did not affect total milk yield or milk fat, percentage of milk protein not affected by different pre-and postpartum DCAD levels. Prepartum anionic diets lowered urine pH and parathyroid hormone and raised serum hydroxyproline, resulting in improved Ca availability after parturition. Postpartum blood metabolites were unaffected in cows given positive DCAD (+200 and +400 mEq/kg DM). Calves born to cows fed low DCAD had no change in calf bieth weight. Colostrum amount and IgG concentrations were unaffected by treatments. No effects of pre-or postpartum DCAD treatments were observed for milk yield and fat-corrected milk. Feeding prepartum an acidogenic diet improved postpartum Ca status in multiparous Holstein cows.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of thyme, organic acid, probiotic and prebiotic on carcass characteristics and intestinal microbial microflora in broiler chicks in normal and low protein diets. A total of 388 Ross 308 broilers were equally assigned to 5 treatments with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were; 1: control, 2: thyme extract (2 kg/ton), 3: organic acid (3 kg/ton), 4: probiotics (50 g/ton) and 5: prebiotics (2 kg/ton) with normal and reduced protein levels (10% lower than usual). At d 42, two chicks per replicate were randomly chosen, slaughtered and carcass percentage and carcass components percentage including a thigh, breast, liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, bursa of fabricius, abdominal fat, and intestine were determined for live weight. The results showed that using a diet with a normal level of crude protein compared to a diet with a level of crude protein lower than usual, increased the percentage of spleen and heart of chickens (P<0.05). It seems that there is a close relationship between the percentage of fat in the abdominal cavity and the ratio of energy to protein in the diet. Also, there were no significant differences between treatments and their interactions about pH content of ileum of broilers (P > 0.05). Besides, the bacterial population of ileum of treated broilers had different behavior. The ileum bacteria improved with probiotic addition and it was predictable because of beneficial bacteria inclusion to diet. Comparing the means for litter traits, no significant differences were observed between the experimental treatments with each other and with the control group (P>0.05). Totally, before the common use of additives in different types of diets of poultry nutrition, thorough investigations should be carried out on mechanisms, compatibility with other components of the diet and safety evaluation.
{"title":"Effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), organic acid, probiotic and prebiotic on carcass characteristics and intestinal microbial population in broiler chickens fed with normal and low protein diets","authors":"A Ahmadzadeh, A Nobakht","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31069","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of thyme, organic acid, probiotic and prebiotic on carcass characteristics and intestinal microbial microflora in broiler chicks in normal and low protein diets. A total of 388 Ross 308 broilers were equally assigned to 5 treatments with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were; 1: control, 2: thyme extract (2 kg/ton), 3: organic acid (3 kg/ton), 4: probiotics (50 g/ton) and 5: prebiotics (2 kg/ton) with normal and reduced protein levels (10% lower than usual). At d 42, two chicks per replicate were randomly chosen, slaughtered and carcass percentage and carcass components percentage including a thigh, breast, liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, bursa of fabricius, abdominal fat, and intestine were determined for live weight. The results showed that using a diet with a normal level of crude protein compared to a diet with a level of crude protein lower than usual, increased the percentage of spleen and heart of chickens (P<0.05). It seems that there is a close relationship between the percentage of fat in the abdominal cavity and the ratio of energy to protein in the diet. Also, there were no significant differences between treatments and their interactions about pH content of ileum of broilers (P > 0.05). Besides, the bacterial population of ileum of treated broilers had different behavior. The ileum bacteria improved with probiotic addition and it was predictable because of beneficial bacteria inclusion to diet. Comparing the means for litter traits, no significant differences were observed between the experimental treatments with each other and with the control group (P>0.05). Totally, before the common use of additives in different types of diets of poultry nutrition, thorough investigations should be carried out on mechanisms, compatibility with other components of the diet and safety evaluation.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Guler, ED Asmaz, A Saricetin, SS Cengiz, F Odabasi Erbay, E Demirkan
Folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, ovulation, and vitellogenesis are regulated by the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and these hormones act via follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the ovary. Poultry ration and food additives are essential in the regulation of reproductive activity. Phytase is a supplement frequently added to laying hen diets to increase phosphorus (P) utilization. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of a newly isolated microbial phytase together with different concentrations of calcium (Ca2+) and available phosphorus (AP) on ovarian FSHR and LHR expressions. For this purpose, 90 Lohmann LSL-White layers were first divided into three main diet groups (standard Ca2+ and AP, standard Ca2+ and low AP, low Ca2+ and AP) and then into three subgroups (no-phytase, commercial phytase, and microbial phytase). At the end of the experiment, all chickens were slaughtered and ovarian tissues were fixed in formalin. Routine avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-FSHR and anti-LHR primary antibodies. Immunohistochemically, FSHR and LHR were expressed in granulosa/theca cells, oocytes, interstitial cells, and vitellus. While the expression intensity of the receptors increased in the microbial phytase-treated groups, the strongest expression was obtained in the granulosa/theca cells and oocytes in the standard Ca and low AP group. In conclusion, we suggest that the addition of newly isolated microbial phytase to diets of laying hens and feeding standard Ca and low AP may have positive effects on reproductive performance by increasing the FSHR and LHR expression in ovaries.
{"title":"Effects of Calcium, Available Phosphorus and Microbial Phytase on Ovarian FSHR and LHR Expression in Laying Hens","authors":"S Guler, ED Asmaz, A Saricetin, SS Cengiz, F Odabasi Erbay, E Demirkan","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30903","url":null,"abstract":"Folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, ovulation, and vitellogenesis are regulated by the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and these hormones act via follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the ovary. Poultry ration and food additives are essential in the regulation of reproductive activity. Phytase is a supplement frequently added to laying hen diets to increase phosphorus (P) utilization. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of a newly isolated microbial phytase together with different concentrations of calcium (Ca2+) and available phosphorus (AP) on ovarian FSHR and LHR expressions. For this purpose, 90 Lohmann LSL-White layers were first divided into three main diet groups (standard Ca2+ and AP, standard Ca2+ and low AP, low Ca2+ and AP) and then into three subgroups (no-phytase, commercial phytase, and microbial phytase). At the end of the experiment, all chickens were slaughtered and ovarian tissues were fixed in formalin. Routine avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-FSHR and anti-LHR primary antibodies. Immunohistochemically, FSHR and LHR were expressed in granulosa/theca cells, oocytes, interstitial cells, and vitellus. While the expression intensity of the receptors increased in the microbial phytase-treated groups, the strongest expression was obtained in the granulosa/theca cells and oocytes in the standard Ca and low AP group. In conclusion, we suggest that the addition of newly isolated microbial phytase to diets of laying hens and feeding standard Ca and low AP may have positive effects on reproductive performance by increasing the FSHR and LHR expression in ovaries.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B Bizhga, S Cocoli, A Stevanović, S Bajić, E Lika, T Shtylla Kika, N Puvača
As coccidia become increasingly resistant to anticoccidial drugs, efforts have been made to find alternatives. In recent years, botanicals have been reported as potential alternatives to anticoccidials since they are effective against protozoa, arthropods, and helminths. In this study, different doses of dried pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the number of oocysts in domestic cats and their antioxidant properties. Under in vivo conditions, 24 six-month-old domestic cats of both genders naturally infected with Cytoisospora felis were tested. Four equal groups of infected cats were formed. Six cats made up each group. The control group (C) was on a basal diet, and one group received the chemical coccidiostat robenidine (CR), supplemented in the amount of 0.5%. Two levels of whole dried pomegranate fruit as a natural antioxidant were applied in a concentration of 0.5% (P1) and 1.0% (P2) on top of the basic diet. With the McMaster technique, oocysts number and eggs per gram of feces were determined. From each cat, 6 per group, blood samples were taken from a jugular vein at the end of the experimental period to investigate the influence of dried pomegranate fruit on blood enzymatic activity and lipid oxidation. In conclusion, supplementing cats' diets with dried pomegranate fruit reduced the number of oocysts per gram of feces significantly, but it is important to carry out further and more detailed studies to prove the anticoccidial and antioxidant properties of dried pomegranate fruit in cats' diets.
{"title":"Effects of Antioxidants Supplemented Feed in Coccidiosis Treatment, Blood Antioxidative Status, and Enzymatic Activity of Domestic Cats","authors":"B Bizhga, S Cocoli, A Stevanović, S Bajić, E Lika, T Shtylla Kika, N Puvača","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30849","url":null,"abstract":"As coccidia become increasingly resistant to anticoccidial drugs, efforts have been made to find alternatives. In recent years, botanicals have been reported as potential alternatives to anticoccidials since they are effective against protozoa, arthropods, and helminths. In this study, different doses of dried pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the number of oocysts in domestic cats and their antioxidant properties. Under in vivo conditions, 24 six-month-old domestic cats of both genders naturally infected with Cytoisospora felis were tested. Four equal groups of infected cats were formed. Six cats made up each group. The control group (C) was on a basal diet, and one group received the chemical coccidiostat robenidine (CR), supplemented in the amount of 0.5%. Two levels of whole dried pomegranate fruit as a natural antioxidant were applied in a concentration of 0.5% (P1) and 1.0% (P2) on top of the basic diet. With the McMaster technique, oocysts number and eggs per gram of feces were determined. From each cat, 6 per group, blood samples were taken from a jugular vein at the end of the experimental period to investigate the influence of dried pomegranate fruit on blood enzymatic activity and lipid oxidation. In conclusion, supplementing cats' diets with dried pomegranate fruit reduced the number of oocysts per gram of feces significantly, but it is important to carry out further and more detailed studies to prove the anticoccidial and antioxidant properties of dried pomegranate fruit in cats' diets.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical data of five Holstein Friesian cows with duodenal volvulus of the sigmoid flexure admitted to the Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany during a two-year period were reviewed in this study. The aim of this study was to present the clinical, laboratory and surgical findings as well as the postoperative healing progress and therapy of these five cases. All cows showed a loss of appetite and were dehydrated, with a marked drop in milk yield. The rumen motility was severely reduced and an untypical tympanic resonance or ping and a splashing sound were present at the right flank at auscultation. All the cows had only a small amount of faeces. All animals had hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis and most of them hyperlactatemia. Two of the cows were hypokalaemic. Hyperbilirubinaemia was revealed in all cows. Four of the cows had an increased haematocrit level. A standing right flank laparotomy was performed in all cows. A common surgical finding was the severely dilated, dorsally dislocated and twisted sigmoid flexure of the duodenum, and the empty descending duodenum. The abomasum of all cows was dilated, but not displaced. An enlarged gall bladder was found in four animals. The duodenal sigmoid loop was manually untwisted, followed by promoting gas and ingesta flow aborally in the descending duodenum. Omentopexy was performed in each cow. No cow had had any history of omentopexy or other abdominal surgery. All cows received intravenous fluid therapy after the surgery. A total of 10-20 L 0.9 % NaCl solution containing an additional KCL (30 mmol/L) was administered intravenously via drip infusion daily for the first two days after surgery. Amoxicillin (10 mg/kg; s.c.) was administered once daily (SID) in two cases. Three of the cows were additionally drenched with 30 L water and 100-150 g KCL via an orogastric tube once per day for two days postoperatively. Four cows received neostigmine s.c. after surgery and for the following one to two days (every 8 or 12 hours; 0.02 mg/kg or 0.025 mg/kg, respectively). All cows were administered meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg; s.c.) before and on the first postoperative day. Sodium sulphate (250 g per os; SID) was administered to four cows for one to two days. Feed intake, rumen motility and defaecation were normalised gradually after surgery. All cows had a positive post-surgical outcome and were discharged from the clinic after 7 to 15 days.
Keywords: ileus; dairy cattle; duodenum; intestinal obstruction
本研究回顾了德国汉诺威兽医大学基金会牛诊所收治的5头乙状结肠弯曲十二指肠扭转的荷斯坦弗里希奶牛的两年期间的医疗资料。本研究的目的是介绍这5例病例的临床、实验室和手术表现以及术后愈合进展和治疗。所有奶牛都表现出食欲不振和脱水，产奶量明显下降。瘤胃运动严重减弱，听诊右侧可见非典型鼓室共振或平、飞溅声。所有的牛都只有少量的粪便。所有动物均出现低氯血症代谢性碱中毒，且多数为高乳酸血症。其中两头牛是低钾血症。所有奶牛均出现高胆红素血症。其中4头奶牛的红细胞压积水平升高。所有奶牛均行站立式右侧剖腹手术。常见的手术发现是十二指肠严重扩张，背侧脱位和扭曲的乙状结肠屈曲，以及十二指肠下降空。所有奶牛的皱胃均扩张，但未移位。在四只动物身上发现了胆囊肿大。手动解开十二指肠乙状结肠袢，随后在下行十二指肠促进气体和食入流动。每头奶牛均行网膜固定术。奶牛均无网膜置入术或其他腹部手术史。所有奶牛术后均接受静脉输液治疗。术后头两天，每天静脉滴注10-20 L 0.9% NaCl溶液，外加KCL (30 mmol/L)。阿莫西林(10mg /kg;2例患者每日1次(SID)。另外，3头奶牛术后2天，每天1次经胃管灌注30 L水和100-150 g氯化钾。4头奶牛在手术后和接下来的一到两天(每8或12小时;0.02 mg/kg或0.025 mg/kg)。所有奶牛均饲喂美洛昔康(0.5 mg/kg;S.c .)。硫酸钠(250 g / s;对4头奶牛进行1 ~ 2天的SID)治疗。术后采食量、瘤胃运动及排便均逐渐恢复正常。所有奶牛术后结果均为阳性，7 ~ 15天后出院。关键词:肠梗阻;奶牛;十二指肠;肠梗阻
{"title":"Duodenal volvulus of the sigmoid flexure in five cows. A retrospective study","authors":"I Proios, M Hoedemaker, E Kiossis","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31248","url":null,"abstract":"Medical data of five Holstein Friesian cows with duodenal volvulus of the sigmoid flexure admitted to the Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany during a two-year period were reviewed in this study. The aim of this study was to present the clinical, laboratory and surgical findings as well as the postoperative healing progress and therapy of these five cases. All cows showed a loss of appetite and were dehydrated, with a marked drop in milk yield. The rumen motility was severely reduced and an untypical tympanic resonance or ping and a splashing sound were present at the right flank at auscultation. All the cows had only a small amount of faeces. All animals had hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis and most of them hyperlactatemia. Two of the cows were hypokalaemic. Hyperbilirubinaemia was revealed in all cows. Four of the cows had an increased haematocrit level. A standing right flank laparotomy was performed in all cows. A common surgical finding was the severely dilated, dorsally dislocated and twisted sigmoid flexure of the duodenum, and the empty descending duodenum. The abomasum of all cows was dilated, but not displaced. An enlarged gall bladder was found in four animals. The duodenal sigmoid loop was manually untwisted, followed by promoting gas and ingesta flow aborally in the descending duodenum. Omentopexy was performed in each cow. No cow had had any history of omentopexy or other abdominal surgery. All cows received intravenous fluid therapy after the surgery. A total of 10-20 L 0.9 % NaCl solution containing an additional KCL (30 mmol/L) was administered intravenously via drip infusion daily for the first two days after surgery. Amoxicillin (10 mg/kg; s.c.) was administered once daily (SID) in two cases. Three of the cows were additionally drenched with 30 L water and 100-150 g KCL via an orogastric tube once per day for two days postoperatively. Four cows received neostigmine s.c. after surgery and for the following one to two days (every 8 or 12 hours; 0.02 mg/kg or 0.025 mg/kg, respectively). All cows were administered meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg; s.c.) before and on the first postoperative day. Sodium sulphate (250 g per os; SID) was administered to four cows for one to two days. Feed intake, rumen motility and defaecation were normalised gradually after surgery. All cows had a positive post-surgical outcome and were discharged from the clinic after 7 to 15 days.
 Keywords: ileus; dairy cattle; duodenum; intestinal obstruction","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F Kazak, T Cimrin, S Alasahan, MA Kisacam, T Kutlu
This study aims to determine the effects of supplementation of different doses of black cumin seeds (NS) to quail feeds on carcass characteristics, kidney oxidant antioxidant levels, and ileum histomorphology. A total of 432 mixed-sex three days old Japanese quails were randomly divided into four groups. The groups were fed on either a basal diet alone (Control Group) or a basal diet supplemented with NS at rates of 0.5% (NS-0.5 Group), 1% (NS-1 Group), and 2% (NS-2 Group). It was determined that the back+neck weight in the NS-2 group and head weight and ratio in the NS-1 and NS-2 groups decreased. The thigh rate increased in the NS-0.5 group compared to the control and other NS groups. Kidney glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and male quails' catalase values were increased in NS groups compared to the control group. The kidney vitamin C increased only in the NS-2 group compared to the control. In the NS-2 group, the villus height decreased both on a group basis and in female quails, while the villus width decreased only in female quails. Consequently, it was determined that dietary supplementation of NS at rates of 0.5% increased the thigh rate, dietary supplementation at three different doses of NS were effective in maintaining the kidney oxidant-antioxidant balance, and the ileum histomorphology did not change except for dietary supplementation of NS at rates of 2%. Therefore, it can be stated that black cumin seeds can be used as a natural antioxidant source in the quail diet.
{"title":"The effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa l..) seed on carcass characteristics, kidney oxidant antioxidant levels and ileum histomorphology in Japanese quails","authors":"F Kazak, T Cimrin, S Alasahan, MA Kisacam, T Kutlu","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30647","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effects of supplementation of different doses of black cumin seeds (NS) to quail feeds on carcass characteristics, kidney oxidant antioxidant levels, and ileum histomorphology. A total of 432 mixed-sex three days old Japanese quails were randomly divided into four groups. The groups were fed on either a basal diet alone (Control Group) or a basal diet supplemented with NS at rates of 0.5% (NS-0.5 Group), 1% (NS-1 Group), and 2% (NS-2 Group). It was determined that the back+neck weight in the NS-2 group and head weight and ratio in the NS-1 and NS-2 groups decreased. The thigh rate increased in the NS-0.5 group compared to the control and other NS groups. Kidney glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and male quails' catalase values were increased in NS groups compared to the control group. The kidney vitamin C increased only in the NS-2 group compared to the control. In the NS-2 group, the villus height decreased both on a group basis and in female quails, while the villus width decreased only in female quails. Consequently, it was determined that dietary supplementation of NS at rates of 0.5% increased the thigh rate, dietary supplementation at three different doses of NS were effective in maintaining the kidney oxidant-antioxidant balance, and the ileum histomorphology did not change except for dietary supplementation of NS at rates of 2%. Therefore, it can be stated that black cumin seeds can be used as a natural antioxidant source in the quail diet.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Treatment of infections caused by opportunistic pathogenic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is complicated by the bacterium's ability to produce biofilms and high antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of genetic relatedness, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, biofilm genes associated with virulence and integron genes among isolates of S. maltophilia recovered from bovine milk with subclinical mastitis. In this study, bacterial identification was performed using conventional methods. While using the smeT gene-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to confirm the species-level identification of isolates; PCR was also used to detect virulence and integron genes, too. The quantitative Microplate Test (MP) method was used to determine the phenotypic biofilm production capacity of the isolates. The resistance patterns of the isolates against 9 antibiotics belonging to 9 antimicrobial families were examined using the disk diffusion method. Isolates resistant to at least three drug classes from various antimicrobial drug classes were defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). The genetic linkage of S. maltophilia isolates was investigated by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intragenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR. The Chi-Square (χ2) test was used to compare the relationship between the biofilm-forming capacity of the isolates with the prevalence of biofilm-associated virulence genes and integron genes with MDR. In the study, a total of 312 milk samples with subclinical mastitis were taken from 27 farms. Ten isolates from five farms were phenotypically and genotypically identified as S. maltophilia. All isolates were resistant to cefepime and imipenem. While 70% of the isolates were MDR; 80% carried one of the integron genes. By the MP test, the phenotypically biofilm-forming capacity identified in isolates was detected at 80%. The prevalence of the studied virulence genes was rpfF 60%, rmlA 70%, spgM and smf1 80%. There was no significant relationship between the biofilm-forming capacity of the isolates with the prevalence of biofilm-associated virulence genes and MDR with integron genes. S. maltophilia isolates were detected simply and quickly, using PCR based on the smeT gene, from bovine milk samples for the first time in Turkey. In the UPGMA analysis performed in the PyElph 1.4 program, a total of 5 genotypes were found, 2 single and 3 multiple according to 18% similarity coefficient. ERIC-PCR can be useful in identifying S. maltophilia isolates with epidemic potential.
{"title":"Investigation of genetic relatedness, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, biofilm-related virulence genes and integron-related genes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates obtained from bovine milk samples with mastitis","authors":"F Ocak, S Turkyilmaz","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30641","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of infections caused by opportunistic pathogenic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is complicated by the bacterium's ability to produce biofilms and high antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of genetic relatedness, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, biofilm genes associated with virulence and integron genes among isolates of S. maltophilia recovered from bovine milk with subclinical mastitis. In this study, bacterial identification was performed using conventional methods. While using the smeT gene-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to confirm the species-level identification of isolates; PCR was also used to detect virulence and integron genes, too. The quantitative Microplate Test (MP) method was used to determine the phenotypic biofilm production capacity of the isolates. The resistance patterns of the isolates against 9 antibiotics belonging to 9 antimicrobial families were examined using the disk diffusion method. Isolates resistant to at least three drug classes from various antimicrobial drug classes were defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). The genetic linkage of S. maltophilia isolates was investigated by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intragenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR. The Chi-Square (χ2) test was used to compare the relationship between the biofilm-forming capacity of the isolates with the prevalence of biofilm-associated virulence genes and integron genes with MDR. In the study, a total of 312 milk samples with subclinical mastitis were taken from 27 farms. Ten isolates from five farms were phenotypically and genotypically identified as S. maltophilia. All isolates were resistant to cefepime and imipenem. While 70% of the isolates were MDR; 80% carried one of the integron genes. By the MP test, the phenotypically biofilm-forming capacity identified in isolates was detected at 80%. The prevalence of the studied virulence genes was rpfF 60%, rmlA 70%, spgM and smf1 80%. There was no significant relationship between the biofilm-forming capacity of the isolates with the prevalence of biofilm-associated virulence genes and MDR with integron genes. S. maltophilia isolates were detected simply and quickly, using PCR based on the smeT gene, from bovine milk samples for the first time in Turkey. In the UPGMA analysis performed in the PyElph 1.4 program, a total of 5 genotypes were found, 2 single and 3 multiple according to 18% similarity coefficient. ERIC-PCR can be useful in identifying S. maltophilia isolates with epidemic potential.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EC Pappa, E Kondyli, J Samelis, E Malamou, A Kakouri, AM Vlachou
Tsalafouti is a white cheese with mild sour, acidic taste. Its spreadable texture has no gas holdings. In the present work, Tsalafouti cheese was industrially manufactured and its biochemical, organoleptic and microbiological characteristics were investigated. At 30 days of storage, the mean pH was 4.05 and moisture content was 68.06%, fat 14.9%, fat-in-dry matter 46.52%, salt 1.55%, ash 2.4%, and proteins 10.92%. Level of proteolysis remained stable during storage. The volatile compounds 3 methyl butanol, acetoin, ethanol, acetone, were found in high levels on day 30. During the organoleptic evaluation Tsalafouti was very much appreciated until day 45. Total viable counts enumerated on skim-milk containing media at 37oC remained constant within 7.5-8.0 log CFU/g from day 15 to day 90 of storage of the industrially ripened cheese. However, typical mesophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased to 8.1-8.5 log CFU/g and predominated the technological biota, whereas typical thermophilic LAB, inclusive of enterococci, remained subdominant by 1-3 log units throughout storage. Yeasts were beneficial for the sensory quality of industrial Tsalafouti from day 30 to 45 when their counts were below 6-7 log CFU/g; however, yeasts turned to be the primary spoilage agents after their counts increased to 7.5 log CFU/g with prolonged storage (day 60 to 90). All industrial cheese samples were microbiologically safe as due to their low pH (3.85 to 4.13). These data could be useful for the better recognition of traditional Greek Tsalafouti cheese.
{"title":"Biochemical and microbiological characteristics of industrial Tsalafouti cheese","authors":"EC Pappa, E Kondyli, J Samelis, E Malamou, A Kakouri, AM Vlachou","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30719","url":null,"abstract":"Tsalafouti is a white cheese with mild sour, acidic taste. Its spreadable texture has no gas holdings. In the present work, Tsalafouti cheese was industrially manufactured and its biochemical, organoleptic and microbiological characteristics were investigated. At 30 days of storage, the mean pH was 4.05 and moisture content was 68.06%, fat 14.9%, fat-in-dry matter 46.52%, salt 1.55%, ash 2.4%, and proteins 10.92%. Level of proteolysis remained stable during storage. The volatile compounds 3 methyl butanol, acetoin, ethanol, acetone, were found in high levels on day 30. During the organoleptic evaluation Tsalafouti was very much appreciated until day 45. Total viable counts enumerated on skim-milk containing media at 37oC remained constant within 7.5-8.0 log CFU/g from day 15 to day 90 of storage of the industrially ripened cheese. However, typical mesophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased to 8.1-8.5 log CFU/g and predominated the technological biota, whereas typical thermophilic LAB, inclusive of enterococci, remained subdominant by 1-3 log units throughout storage. Yeasts were beneficial for the sensory quality of industrial Tsalafouti from day 30 to 45 when their counts were below 6-7 log CFU/g; however, yeasts turned to be the primary spoilage agents after their counts increased to 7.5 log CFU/g with prolonged storage (day 60 to 90). All industrial cheese samples were microbiologically safe as due to their low pH (3.85 to 4.13). These data could be useful for the better recognition of traditional Greek Tsalafouti cheese.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F Biyik, H Biricik, E Urkmez, C Kara, I Cetin, D Udum
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rosemary essential oil (REO) supplementation on growth performance, some blood metabolites and rumen fermentation in calves throughout the suckling period. Fourty Holstein calves were randomly divided to four dietary groups. Each group consisted of 10 calves; control with no REO supplementation (CON), supplementation of 500 mg/d REO (REO1), supplementation of 1000 mg/d REO (REO2) and supplementation of 2000 mg/d REO (REO3). REO supplementation quadratically increased (P<0.05) the calf starter (CS) intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. Calves fed REO1 and REO2 had the highest CS intake and ADG. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was lower (P=0.02) for calves fed REO3 than calves fed REO1, but total volatile fatty acids concentration was higher (P<0.01) for calves fed REO1 compared with calves fed CON and REO3. The concentrations of ghrelin, NEFA and BHBA increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of REO. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the highest concentration of ghrelin. Cholesterol concentration decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing REO levels on d 56. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the lowest cholesterol concentration. Also, serum IgG concentration was higher (P<0.01) in calves fed REO2 and REO3 compared with calves fed CON on d 28. It was concluded that the addition of different amounts of rosemary essential oil can positively change some rumen and blood metabolites of calves, as well as the supplementation of REO may have a beneficial effect on growth performance by increasing ghrelin.
{"title":"Effects of rosemary essential oil as a feed additive on performance, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters in preweaning Holstein calves","authors":"F Biyik, H Biricik, E Urkmez, C Kara, I Cetin, D Udum","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.31076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31076","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rosemary essential oil (REO) supplementation on growth performance, some blood metabolites and rumen fermentation in calves throughout the suckling period. Fourty Holstein calves were randomly divided to four dietary groups. Each group consisted of 10 calves; control with no REO supplementation (CON), supplementation of 500 mg/d REO (REO1), supplementation of 1000 mg/d REO (REO2) and supplementation of 2000 mg/d REO (REO3). REO supplementation quadratically increased (P<0.05) the calf starter (CS) intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. Calves fed REO1 and REO2 had the highest CS intake and ADG. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was lower (P=0.02) for calves fed REO3 than calves fed REO1, but total volatile fatty acids concentration was higher (P<0.01) for calves fed REO1 compared with calves fed CON and REO3. The concentrations of ghrelin, NEFA and BHBA increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of REO. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the highest concentration of ghrelin. Cholesterol concentration decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing REO levels on d 56. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the lowest cholesterol concentration. Also, serum IgG concentration was higher (P<0.01) in calves fed REO2 and REO3 compared with calves fed CON on d 28. It was concluded that the addition of different amounts of rosemary essential oil can positively change some rumen and blood metabolites of calves, as well as the supplementation of REO may have a beneficial effect on growth performance by increasing ghrelin.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a feline retrovirus that causes various effects on cat health. FeLV, along with other retroviruses, has altered in terms of molecular structure and pathogenetic and clinical status due to integration into the host genome. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence of enFeLV in the indoor-cats and provide a comparison with potential exFeLV prevalence. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the relationship between positive cases of enFeLV and risk factors including age, gender, breed. We collected 200 samples from domestic cats in Turkey for molecular diagnosis and characterization of en- or exFeLV. Amplified products were purified and sequenced using the Sanger method. According to the phylogenetic tree, our sequences constituted two main clusters that were divergent from each other in Group-2 enFeLVs. The unit of “Health status” in the overall population comprised 161 healthy and 39 diseased cats according to clinical diagnosis. In diseased cats, 17 were found to be enFeLV positive (17/39; 43.6%). “Gender”, “age”, and “breed” were not found to be risk factors for the presence of enFeLV among domestic cats in this study. With regards to the outcomes of the study, we submit that both variants of FeLV should be tested prior to initiating a vaccination program.
{"title":"Does endogenous feline leukemia virus occur as a risk factor?: A molecular characterization study from Türkiye","authors":"BT Koç, TÇ Oğuzoğlu","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30837","url":null,"abstract":"Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a feline retrovirus that causes various effects on cat health. FeLV, along with other retroviruses, has altered in terms of molecular structure and pathogenetic and clinical status due to integration into the host genome. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence of enFeLV in the indoor-cats and provide a comparison with potential exFeLV prevalence. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the relationship between positive cases of enFeLV and risk factors including age, gender, breed. We collected 200 samples from domestic cats in Turkey for molecular diagnosis and characterization of en- or exFeLV. Amplified products were purified and sequenced using the Sanger method. According to the phylogenetic tree, our sequences constituted two main clusters that were divergent from each other in Group-2 enFeLVs. The unit of “Health status” in the overall population comprised 161 healthy and 39 diseased cats according to clinical diagnosis. In diseased cats, 17 were found to be enFeLV positive (17/39; 43.6%). “Gender”, “age”, and “breed” were not found to be risk factors for the presence of enFeLV among domestic cats in this study. With regards to the outcomes of the study, we submit that both variants of FeLV should be tested prior to initiating a vaccination program.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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