Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.1
Leeha Kwon, Seong-Jae Kim
Purpose: We analyzed the effectiveness of prophylactic oral antivirals in preventing herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) and the clinical manifestations of recurrence.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 eyes of 30 patients diagnosed with HSK who received prophylactic oral antiviral agents for > 6 months. We analyzed the initial and recurrent clinical features of HSK, the recurrence rate, and the relationship between recurrence and the duration of oral antivirals.Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.5 ± 14.0 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 72.4 ± 40.3 months. Of the 30 eyes, 21 (70%) experienced HSK recurrence. The initial clinical features of recurrent cases included herpetic epithelial keratitis (14.3%), stromal keratitis (47.6%), and endotheliitis (38.1%). Notably, no significant associations were observed between the initial clinical features of HSK or the duration of oral antivirals and HSK recurrence. However, male patients exhibited a significantly higher recurrence rate. Epithelial keratitis (47.6%) was the most common HSK type observed during recurrence.Conclusions: A recurrence rate of 70% was observed in patients who received prophylactic oral antiviral treatment for > 6 months. Herpetic epithelial keratitis was the most common clinical phenotype after recurrence. Notably, long-term clinical monitoring could assist in predicting and preventing recurrence.
{"title":"Long-term Follow-up Results after Prophylactic Antiviral Administration in Patients with Herpes Simplex Keratitis","authors":"Leeha Kwon, Seong-Jae Kim","doi":"10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: We analyzed the effectiveness of prophylactic oral antivirals in preventing herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) and the clinical manifestations of recurrence.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 eyes of 30 patients diagnosed with HSK who received prophylactic oral antiviral agents for > 6 months. We analyzed the initial and recurrent clinical features of HSK, the recurrence rate, and the relationship between recurrence and the duration of oral antivirals.Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.5 ± 14.0 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 72.4 ± 40.3 months. Of the 30 eyes, 21 (70%) experienced HSK recurrence. The initial clinical features of recurrent cases included herpetic epithelial keratitis (14.3%), stromal keratitis (47.6%), and endotheliitis (38.1%). Notably, no significant associations were observed between the initial clinical features of HSK or the duration of oral antivirals and HSK recurrence. However, male patients exhibited a significantly higher recurrence rate. Epithelial keratitis (47.6%) was the most common HSK type observed during recurrence.Conclusions: A recurrence rate of 70% was observed in patients who received prophylactic oral antiviral treatment for > 6 months. Herpetic epithelial keratitis was the most common clinical phenotype after recurrence. Notably, long-term clinical monitoring could assist in predicting and preventing recurrence.","PeriodicalId":17341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.44
Sehie Park, Hyungjin Chung, Jong Chul Ye, Kayoung Yi
Purpose: We present a dehazing algorithm using dark channel prior (DCP) and bright channel prior (BCP) to enhance the quality of retinal images obtained through conventional fundus photography.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on retinal images from patients who visited Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital between January 2000 and September 2022. These images were captured using a digital fundus camera (KOWA Nonmyd 8S Fundus Camera, KOWA Company, Nagoya, Japan) without pupil dilation. We used two mathematical algorithms: DCP only and DCP and BCP combined. The original, DCP-processed, and DCP & BCP-processed images were compared. Fisher's exact test was used to identify significant quality improvements.Results: The DCP and the newly proposed DCP plus BCP algorithm effectively eliminated haze and enhanced the contrast of cataract images. Notably, DCP demonstrated limited improvements in fundus photographs from patients with small pupils, whereas the proposed DCP plus BCP method effectively revealed previously obscured retinal details and vessels. However, these methods exhibited limited performance in severe cataracts compared to the clear images obtained after surgery. The quality enhancement with the proposed method was significant in photographs of patients with cataracts (p = 0.032) and small pupils (p < 0.01).Conclusions: Our algorithm produced clearer images of blood vessels and optic disc structures, while significantly reducing artifacts in fundus images from patients with small pupils or cataracts. The proposed algorithm can provide visually enhanced images, potentially aiding physicians in the diagnosis of retinal diseases in patients with cataracts.
{"title":"Dehazing Algorithm for Enhancing Fundus Photographs Using Dark Channel and Bright Channel Prior","authors":"Sehie Park, Hyungjin Chung, Jong Chul Ye, Kayoung Yi","doi":"10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.44","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: We present a dehazing algorithm using dark channel prior (DCP) and bright channel prior (BCP) to enhance the quality of retinal images obtained through conventional fundus photography.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on retinal images from patients who visited Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital between January 2000 and September 2022. These images were captured using a digital fundus camera (KOWA Nonmyd 8S Fundus Camera, KOWA Company, Nagoya, Japan) without pupil dilation. We used two mathematical algorithms: DCP only and DCP and BCP combined. The original, DCP-processed, and DCP & BCP-processed images were compared. Fisher's exact test was used to identify significant quality improvements.Results: The DCP and the newly proposed DCP plus BCP algorithm effectively eliminated haze and enhanced the contrast of cataract images. Notably, DCP demonstrated limited improvements in fundus photographs from patients with small pupils, whereas the proposed DCP plus BCP method effectively revealed previously obscured retinal details and vessels. However, these methods exhibited limited performance in severe cataracts compared to the clear images obtained after surgery. The quality enhancement with the proposed method was significant in photographs of patients with cataracts (p = 0.032) and small pupils (p < 0.01).Conclusions: Our algorithm produced clearer images of blood vessels and optic disc structures, while significantly reducing artifacts in fundus images from patients with small pupils or cataracts. The proposed algorithm can provide visually enhanced images, potentially aiding physicians in the diagnosis of retinal diseases in patients with cataracts.","PeriodicalId":17341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: We evaluated factors predicting the recurrence of macular edema in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods: This study enrolled 55 patients diagnosed with branch retinal vein occlusion who presented to the outpatient clinic between March 2022 and March 2023. A retrospective analysis categorized patients into non-recurrence and recurrence groups. Data on visual acuity, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, number of injections, and follow-up duration were collected from medical records. OCT images were obtained before and 6 months after intravitreal injection to measure and analyze central retinal thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and disorganization of retinal inner layers.Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in the central retinal thickness change before and after treatment between the groups. Although no significant differences were observed in visual acuity between the two groups before treatment, significant improvement in visual acuity was observed in the non-recurrence group after 6 months of treatment. The non-recurrence group was younger compared to the recurrence group; moreover, the intraocular pressure in non-recurrence patients decreased significantly during the 6-month treatment period. In addition, a decrease in subfoveal choroidal thickness before and after treatment, the difference in subfoveal choroidal thickness between the affected eye and the fellow eye before treatment, and the reduction in disorganization of retinal inner layers before and after treatment were associated with a favorable prognosis without recurrence.Conclusions: Changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness before and after treatment, variations in subfoveal choroidal thickness between the affected and fellow eyes before treatment, and the degree of disorganization of retinal inner layers exhibited significant associations with the recurrence of macular edema. This is significant because it allows for predictions based on baseline OCT images.
{"title":"OCT Biomarkers Predicting Recurrence of Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion","authors":"Minsub Lee, Dayoung Moon, Hyungwoo Lee, Hyewon Chung","doi":"10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: We evaluated factors predicting the recurrence of macular edema in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods: This study enrolled 55 patients diagnosed with branch retinal vein occlusion who presented to the outpatient clinic between March 2022 and March 2023. A retrospective analysis categorized patients into non-recurrence and recurrence groups. Data on visual acuity, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, number of injections, and follow-up duration were collected from medical records. OCT images were obtained before and 6 months after intravitreal injection to measure and analyze central retinal thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and disorganization of retinal inner layers.Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in the central retinal thickness change before and after treatment between the groups. Although no significant differences were observed in visual acuity between the two groups before treatment, significant improvement in visual acuity was observed in the non-recurrence group after 6 months of treatment. The non-recurrence group was younger compared to the recurrence group; moreover, the intraocular pressure in non-recurrence patients decreased significantly during the 6-month treatment period. In addition, a decrease in subfoveal choroidal thickness before and after treatment, the difference in subfoveal choroidal thickness between the affected eye and the fellow eye before treatment, and the reduction in disorganization of retinal inner layers before and after treatment were associated with a favorable prognosis without recurrence.Conclusions: Changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness before and after treatment, variations in subfoveal choroidal thickness between the affected and fellow eyes before treatment, and the degree of disorganization of retinal inner layers exhibited significant associations with the recurrence of macular edema. This is significant because it allows for predictions based on baseline OCT images.","PeriodicalId":17341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.68
Gahye Lee, Martha Kim
Purpose: To present a case of a patient diagnosed with idiopathic hemolacria.Case Summary: A healthy 19-year-old man without pre-existing medical conditions presented to the hospital for treatment of intermittent bloody tears from his right eye. The patient reported experiencing bloody tears in his right eye approximately once per month during stressful events for the preceding 6 years. These episodes were associated with ocular pain, right-eye hyperemia, headaches, and nausea. However, these symptoms of bloody tears spontaneously resolved without intervention. Corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 1.0, and the intraocular pressure was 16 mmHg. There were no abnormalities in the ocular appendages, anterior chamber, or eyelids. Nasolacrimal duct probing and irrigation, as well as fundus examination, revealed normal findings. Brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging did not show abnormalities in the brain or the orbital region, although slight mucosal thickening was present around the right lacrimal gland. Other examinations, including an electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, blood test, and nasal endoscopy, all revealed normal findings.Conclusions: Recurrent bloody tears (hemolacria) occurred in the right eye of a 19-year-old man with no history of trauma, intraocular surgery, or underlying medical conditions. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination and brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging failed to identify any specific abnormalities leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic hemolacria.
目的：介绍一例被诊断为特发性血泪症的患者的病例。病例摘要：一名 19 岁的健康男性因右眼间歇性流泪，到医院就诊。患者报告说，在过去 6 年中，他的右眼大约每月一次在紧张事件中流出血泪。这些症状与眼痛、右眼充血、头痛和恶心有关。然而，这些血泪症状在没有干预的情况下自行缓解。右眼矫正视力为 1.0，眼压为 16 毫米汞柱。眼附属器、前房和眼睑均无异常。鼻泪管探查和冲洗以及眼底检查均显示正常。大脑和眼眶磁共振成像未显示大脑或眼眶区域有异常，但右侧泪腺周围有轻微粘膜增厚。其他检查，包括心电图、胸部 X 光、血液化验和鼻内窥镜检查均显示正常：结论：一名19岁男子的右眼反复出现血性泪液（hemolacria），无外伤史、眼内手术史或潜在病症。综合眼科检查和脑部及眼眶磁共振成像检查均未发现异常，因此诊断为特发性血泪症。
{"title":"Unilateral Idiopathic Hemolacria: A Case Report","authors":"Gahye Lee, Martha Kim","doi":"10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.68","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To present a case of a patient diagnosed with idiopathic hemolacria.Case Summary: A healthy 19-year-old man without pre-existing medical conditions presented to the hospital for treatment of intermittent bloody tears from his right eye. The patient reported experiencing bloody tears in his right eye approximately once per month during stressful events for the preceding 6 years. These episodes were associated with ocular pain, right-eye hyperemia, headaches, and nausea. However, these symptoms of bloody tears spontaneously resolved without intervention. Corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 1.0, and the intraocular pressure was 16 mmHg. There were no abnormalities in the ocular appendages, anterior chamber, or eyelids. Nasolacrimal duct probing and irrigation, as well as fundus examination, revealed normal findings. Brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging did not show abnormalities in the brain or the orbital region, although slight mucosal thickening was present around the right lacrimal gland. Other examinations, including an electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, blood test, and nasal endoscopy, all revealed normal findings.Conclusions: Recurrent bloody tears (hemolacria) occurred in the right eye of a 19-year-old man with no history of trauma, intraocular surgery, or underlying medical conditions. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination and brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging failed to identify any specific abnormalities leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic hemolacria.","PeriodicalId":17341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.83
Young-Ri Cho, Sung-Hyun Ahn, Nam-Chun Cho, Haeng-Jin Lee
Purpose: To report a case of recurrent optic neuritis with uveitis in a patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)- associated disease.Case summary: A 16-year-old female presented with left eye hyperemia, glare, and headache. The best corrected visual acuity was 1.2 in both eyes with a left relative afferent pupillary defect. Cells in the anterior chamber, optic disc edema, and subretinal fluid were present, and the distal optic nerve was enhanced on orbital magnetic resonance imaging. Although it improved with steroid treatment, it recurred 3 times in 9 months. At the second recurrence, her visual acuity was reduced to light perception, but she responded well to steroids. During the third recurrence, she visited our hospital for the first time and improved with steroid treatment. However, 18 months after treatment, optic neuritis, uveitis, and macular edema occurred, so oral steroids and eye drops were maintained. Serum anti-MOG antibody came out positive, and at the last visit, visual acuity of 1.2 in the left eye and visual function were maintained well.Conclusions: MOG antibody disease (MOGAD) frequently recurs and invades various structures of the eye and various clinical manifestations have been reported. Therefore, if optic neuritis is accompanied by inflammation of the anterior chamber and retinal vessels, the possibility of MOGAD should be considered.
{"title":"A Case of Retinal Vasculitis, Uveitis in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Optic Neuritis","authors":"Young-Ri Cho, Sung-Hyun Ahn, Nam-Chun Cho, Haeng-Jin Lee","doi":"10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.83","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To report a case of recurrent optic neuritis with uveitis in a patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)- associated disease.Case summary: A 16-year-old female presented with left eye hyperemia, glare, and headache. The best corrected visual acuity was 1.2 in both eyes with a left relative afferent pupillary defect. Cells in the anterior chamber, optic disc edema, and subretinal fluid were present, and the distal optic nerve was enhanced on orbital magnetic resonance imaging. Although it improved with steroid treatment, it recurred 3 times in 9 months. At the second recurrence, her visual acuity was reduced to light perception, but she responded well to steroids. During the third recurrence, she visited our hospital for the first time and improved with steroid treatment. However, 18 months after treatment, optic neuritis, uveitis, and macular edema occurred, so oral steroids and eye drops were maintained. Serum anti-MOG antibody came out positive, and at the last visit, visual acuity of 1.2 in the left eye and visual function were maintained well.Conclusions: MOG antibody disease (MOGAD) frequently recurs and invades various structures of the eye and various clinical manifestations have been reported. Therefore, if optic neuritis is accompanied by inflammation of the anterior chamber and retinal vessels, the possibility of MOGAD should be considered.","PeriodicalId":17341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139530153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.78
Moon Young Park, Hyun Jin Shin
Purpose: To report a case of retinal edema and retinal hemorrhage in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) positive optic neuritis.Case summary: A 49-year-old male visited the clinic due to decreased vision and eye pain in the left eye after 2 times of right eye and 1 time of left eye optic neuritis. The patient presented with eyelid swelling and retinal hemorrhage as well as optic disc swelling of the left eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed parafoveal intraretinal fluid. The patient received the intravenous high-dose steroids and the immune globulin therapy. He was then put on maintenance oral steroids and immunosuppressive agents. After the treatment, the best corrected visual acuity of left eye was improved to 0.2. Retinal hemorrhage and retinal edema of the left eye decreased, and optic nerve pale in both eyes was observed. OCT showed overall atrophy of the retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes.Conclusions: Some patient with MOG-IgG positive optic neuritis will have eyelid swelling or retinal edema that is necessary to be differentiated from eyelid inflammatory disorder or macular disease such as diabetic retinopathy. Thus, clinician should consider MOG-IgG positive optic neuritis in patients with retinal edema when accompanied by eye pain with severe vision loss or repeated disc swelling. When diagnosed with MOG-IgG positive optic neuritis, a combined treatment of relatively long-term steroid treatment and immunosuppressants may be required.
{"title":"A Case of Retinal Edema in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Optic Neuritis","authors":"Moon Young Park, Hyun Jin Shin","doi":"10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.78","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To report a case of retinal edema and retinal hemorrhage in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) positive optic neuritis.Case summary: A 49-year-old male visited the clinic due to decreased vision and eye pain in the left eye after 2 times of right eye and 1 time of left eye optic neuritis. The patient presented with eyelid swelling and retinal hemorrhage as well as optic disc swelling of the left eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed parafoveal intraretinal fluid. The patient received the intravenous high-dose steroids and the immune globulin therapy. He was then put on maintenance oral steroids and immunosuppressive agents. After the treatment, the best corrected visual acuity of left eye was improved to 0.2. Retinal hemorrhage and retinal edema of the left eye decreased, and optic nerve pale in both eyes was observed. OCT showed overall atrophy of the retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes.Conclusions: Some patient with MOG-IgG positive optic neuritis will have eyelid swelling or retinal edema that is necessary to be differentiated from eyelid inflammatory disorder or macular disease such as diabetic retinopathy. Thus, clinician should consider MOG-IgG positive optic neuritis in patients with retinal edema when accompanied by eye pain with severe vision loss or repeated disc swelling. When diagnosed with MOG-IgG positive optic neuritis, a combined treatment of relatively long-term steroid treatment and immunosuppressants may be required.","PeriodicalId":17341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.59
Dabin Lee, Hong Kyu Kim
Purpose: We analyzed the laboratory examinations associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to enhance our understanding of OAG risk factors.Methods: We categorized participants in KNHANES between 2008 and 2012 into OAG and non-glaucomatous groups. Next, we conducted a multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, sex, education level, and survey year.Results: Significant differences were observed in age, sex, and educational levels between the two groups. After propensity score matching, the OAG group demonstrated a significantly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), myopia prevalence, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In addition, that group exhibited a significantly increased prevalence of hypertension and melancholic mood disorders and aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio. Multiple logistic regression revealed elevated IOP, SBP, DBP, AST/ALT ratio, and prevalence of hypertension, melancholic mood, and myopia as OAG risk factors.Conclusions: Our study revealed several risk factors for OAG, including elevated IOP, SBP, DBP, AST/ALT ratio, and prevalence of hypertension, melancholic mood, and myopia. However, the mechanism underlying OAG remains uncertain. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between the AST/ALT ratio and OAG risk. Further studies are needed to evaluate this association.
{"title":"What Laboratory Examinations for Open-angle Glaucoma Risk Stratification","authors":"Dabin Lee, Hong Kyu Kim","doi":"10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.59","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: We analyzed the laboratory examinations associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to enhance our understanding of OAG risk factors.Methods: We categorized participants in KNHANES between 2008 and 2012 into OAG and non-glaucomatous groups. Next, we conducted a multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, sex, education level, and survey year.Results: Significant differences were observed in age, sex, and educational levels between the two groups. After propensity score matching, the OAG group demonstrated a significantly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), myopia prevalence, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In addition, that group exhibited a significantly increased prevalence of hypertension and melancholic mood disorders and aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio. Multiple logistic regression revealed elevated IOP, SBP, DBP, AST/ALT ratio, and prevalence of hypertension, melancholic mood, and myopia as OAG risk factors.Conclusions: Our study revealed several risk factors for OAG, including elevated IOP, SBP, DBP, AST/ALT ratio, and prevalence of hypertension, melancholic mood, and myopia. However, the mechanism underlying OAG remains uncertain. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between the AST/ALT ratio and OAG risk. Further studies are needed to evaluate this association.","PeriodicalId":17341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.16
Kyung Wook Kim, Kayoung Yi, Young Joo Shin
Purpose: To compare the accuracy of nine intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas.Methods: This study is retrospective consecutive case series. A total of 228 eyes of 228 patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery between October 2015 and March 2021 were included. The accuracy of nine IOL calculation formulas (Kane, Emmetropia verifying optical version, Hill-radial basis function, Olsen, Barrett Universal II [Barrett II], Haigis, Holladay, Hoffer, and SRK/T) was compared and analyzed using differences between the predicted refractive power and actual refractive power at 2 months after cataract surgery. Mean prediction error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error (MedAE), and the percentage of eyes that were within ± 0.50 diopters (D), ± 0.75 D, and ± 1.00 D of the target refraction were calculated for each formula.Results: For all eyes, Haigis formula was the most accurate in MAE, followed by Barrett II formula. Comparing the probability of MAE within 0.50 D, Haigis formula showed the highest accuracy. A total of 20 eyes of 20 patients had more than 25 mm axial length. Regarding MAE, Hoffer Q was the most accurate, followed by the Olsen formula. Comparing the probability of MAE within 0.50 D, the Hoffer Q formula was the most accurate. A total of 24 eyes of 24 patients had more than 46 D keratometry. Regarding MAE and MedAE, Haigis was the most accurate, followed by the Barrett II formula. Comparing the probability of MAE within 0.5 D, Holladay formula was the most accurate.Conclusions: Barrett II and Haigis formulas showed greater accuracy for all patients when we determined IOL power before cataract surgery. Hoffer Q, Olsen, and Barrett II formulas showed higher accuracy for long axial length. And Haigis and Barrett II were the most accurate for steep keratometry.
目的：比较九种眼内晶状体（IOL）功率计算公式的准确性：本研究为回顾性连续病例系列。共纳入 2015 年 10 月至 2021 年 3 月期间接受无并发症白内障手术的 228 名患者的 228 只眼睛。通过白内障手术后 2 个月的预测屈光力与实际屈光力之间的差异，比较和分析了九种人工晶体计算公式（Kane、Emmetropia 验证光学版本、Hill-径向基础函数、Olsen、Barrett Universal II [Barrett II]、Haigis、Holladay、Hoffer 和 SRK/T）的准确性。计算了每种公式的平均预测误差 (ME)、平均绝对误差 (MAE)、中位数绝对误差 (MedAE) 以及目标屈光度在 ± 0.50 度 (D)、± 0.75 度 (D) 和 ± 1.00 度 (D) 范围内的眼的百分比：对于所有眼睛，海吉斯公式的 MAE 最准确，其次是巴雷特 II 公式。比较 0.50 D 以内的 MAE 概率，海吉斯公式的准确度最高。20 名患者中共有 20 只眼睛的轴长超过 25 mm。在 MAE 方面，Hoffer Q 最准确，其次是 Olsen 公式。比较 0.50 D 以内的 MAE 概率，Hoffer Q 公式最为准确。24 名患者中共有 24 只眼睛的角膜度数超过 46 D。关于 MAE 和 MedAE，Haigis 最准确，其次是 Barrett II 公式。比较 0.5 D 以内的 MAE 概率，霍拉迪公式最为准确：结论：在白内障手术前确定人工晶体力时，Barrett II 公式和 Haigis 公式对所有患者都更准确。Hoffer Q、Olsen 和 Barrett II 公式对长轴向长度的准确性更高。海吉斯公式和巴雷特 II 公式对陡峭角膜测量的准确度最高。
{"title":"Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Prediction Using 9 Formula","authors":"Kyung Wook Kim, Kayoung Yi, Young Joo Shin","doi":"10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare the accuracy of nine intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas.Methods: This study is retrospective consecutive case series. A total of 228 eyes of 228 patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery between October 2015 and March 2021 were included. The accuracy of nine IOL calculation formulas (Kane, Emmetropia verifying optical version, Hill-radial basis function, Olsen, Barrett Universal II [Barrett II], Haigis, Holladay, Hoffer, and SRK/T) was compared and analyzed using differences between the predicted refractive power and actual refractive power at 2 months after cataract surgery. Mean prediction error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error (MedAE), and the percentage of eyes that were within ± 0.50 diopters (D), ± 0.75 D, and ± 1.00 D of the target refraction were calculated for each formula.Results: For all eyes, Haigis formula was the most accurate in MAE, followed by Barrett II formula. Comparing the probability of MAE within 0.50 D, Haigis formula showed the highest accuracy. A total of 20 eyes of 20 patients had more than 25 mm axial length. Regarding MAE, Hoffer Q was the most accurate, followed by the Olsen formula. Comparing the probability of MAE within 0.50 D, the Hoffer Q formula was the most accurate. A total of 24 eyes of 24 patients had more than 46 D keratometry. Regarding MAE and MedAE, Haigis was the most accurate, followed by the Barrett II formula. Comparing the probability of MAE within 0.5 D, Holladay formula was the most accurate.Conclusions: Barrett II and Haigis formulas showed greater accuracy for all patients when we determined IOL power before cataract surgery. Hoffer Q, Olsen, and Barrett II formulas showed higher accuracy for long axial length. And Haigis and Barrett II were the most accurate for steep keratometry.","PeriodicalId":17341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.72
Dabin Lee, Hong Kyu Kim
Purpose: To describe a case of retinal vasculitis that followed intravitreal brolucizumab injections and its treatment using local and systemic steroid and vitrectomy.Case summary: An 80-year-old male diagnosed with wet age-related macular degeneration presented after experiencing redness, pain, and vision loss in his left eye following a switch in treatment from aflibercept to brolucizumab 2 weeks earlier. Before the switch, the patient’s best corrected visual acuity of the left eye was 0.4; however, on arrival at the clinic, it was finger count at 10 cm. Suspecting intraocular inflammation and retinal vasculitis caused by brolucizumab, he was treated with both local and systemic steroids and later underwent a vitrectomy. Post-surgery, the patient’s symptoms and vision improved and he received additional anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. One year after onset, the corrected vision of his left eye was 0.5 with no observed recurrence of intraocular inflammation.Conclusions: When reactions related to intraocular inflammation associated with brolucizumab are identified, aggressive treatment is crucial. The present case report suggests that satisfactory anatomical and visual outcomes can be achieved.
{"title":"Brolucizumab Related Retinal Vasculitis Treated with Systemic and Local Steroid, and Vitrectomy","authors":"Dabin Lee, Hong Kyu Kim","doi":"10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.1.72","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To describe a case of retinal vasculitis that followed intravitreal brolucizumab injections and its treatment using local and systemic steroid and vitrectomy.Case summary: An 80-year-old male diagnosed with wet age-related macular degeneration presented after experiencing redness, pain, and vision loss in his left eye following a switch in treatment from aflibercept to brolucizumab 2 weeks earlier. Before the switch, the patient’s best corrected visual acuity of the left eye was 0.4; however, on arrival at the clinic, it was finger count at 10 cm. Suspecting intraocular inflammation and retinal vasculitis caused by brolucizumab, he was treated with both local and systemic steroids and later underwent a vitrectomy. Post-surgery, the patient’s symptoms and vision improved and he received additional anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. One year after onset, the corrected vision of his left eye was 0.5 with no observed recurrence of intraocular inflammation.Conclusions: When reactions related to intraocular inflammation associated with brolucizumab are identified, aggressive treatment is crucial. The present case report suggests that satisfactory anatomical and visual outcomes can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":17341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2023.64.12.1191
Keon Woo Park, Jae Woong Koh
Purpose: To identify inflammatory factors that may serve as biomarkers for dry eye syndrome using a hyperosmotic dry eye syndrome model.Methods: Cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells were subjected to 400, 450, 500, and 550 mOsm/L NaCl, and cell viability was assessed in response to osmolarity. The relative expression of inflammatory factors was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 according to the NaCl concentration.Results: An increase in the concentration of NaCl led to a notable decrease in cell viability (p < 0.05). IL-8, TNF-α, and MMP-9 expression levels increased significantly in proportion to NaCl concentration (p < 0.05).Conclusions: IL-8, TNF-α, and MMP-9 may serve as effective biomarkers in dry eye studies.
{"title":"Inflammatory Factors Predicting Dry Eye Syndrome in a Model Using Osmotic Pressure","authors":"Keon Woo Park, Jae Woong Koh","doi":"10.3341/jkos.2023.64.12.1191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2023.64.12.1191","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To identify inflammatory factors that may serve as biomarkers for dry eye syndrome using a hyperosmotic dry eye syndrome model.Methods: Cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells were subjected to 400, 450, 500, and 550 mOsm/L NaCl, and cell viability was assessed in response to osmolarity. The relative expression of inflammatory factors was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 according to the NaCl concentration.Results: An increase in the concentration of NaCl led to a notable decrease in cell viability (p < 0.05). IL-8, TNF-α, and MMP-9 expression levels increased significantly in proportion to NaCl concentration (p < 0.05).Conclusions: IL-8, TNF-α, and MMP-9 may serve as effective biomarkers in dry eye studies.","PeriodicalId":17341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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