M. M. Rahman, Mohd Shahmi Hakimi Mazlishah, W. Khadijah, R. Abdullah
The utilisation of wet soya waste as feed is low due to difficulties of storage and transportation,which needs to reach normal technical standard and comprehensive utilisation. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the effect of cracked corn grain as a source of moisture absorbent andenergy in a wet soya waste based total mixed ration silage on goat performance. Ten growing goatswere assigned to two feeding treatment groups for 84 days. Goats in Group 1 received Napier grass(Pennisetum purpuerum) ensiled with 30% soya waste (w/w) and 8% molasses (w/w) (T1) ascontrol, and Group 2 received same grass ensiled with 30% soya waste (w/w) and 15% crackedcorn grain (w/w) (T2). All goats received their respective silage ad libitum after 2 months offermentation. The pH in T1 silage was 4.1, while pH in T2 silage was 4.0. Goats fed T2 diet showedhigher intakes of dry matter, organic matter and metabolisable energy than those of goats fed T1diet, while it was observed vice versa for neutral detergent fibre intake. However, there was nodifference in average daily gain and feed conversion ratio between two treatment diets. Results ofthis study indicate that cracked corn grain, as a source of moisture absorbent and energy, can beused successfully in wet soya waste based total mixed ration silage for growing goats.
{"title":"Effect of corn grain in a wet soya waste based total mixed ration silage on goat performance","authors":"M. M. Rahman, Mohd Shahmi Hakimi Mazlishah, W. Khadijah, R. Abdullah","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.569","url":null,"abstract":"The utilisation of wet soya waste as feed is low due to difficulties of storage and transportation,which needs to reach normal technical standard and comprehensive utilisation. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the effect of cracked corn grain as a source of moisture absorbent andenergy in a wet soya waste based total mixed ration silage on goat performance. Ten growing goatswere assigned to two feeding treatment groups for 84 days. Goats in Group 1 received Napier grass(Pennisetum purpuerum) ensiled with 30% soya waste (w/w) and 8% molasses (w/w) (T1) ascontrol, and Group 2 received same grass ensiled with 30% soya waste (w/w) and 15% crackedcorn grain (w/w) (T2). All goats received their respective silage ad libitum after 2 months offermentation. The pH in T1 silage was 4.1, while pH in T2 silage was 4.0. Goats fed T2 diet showedhigher intakes of dry matter, organic matter and metabolisable energy than those of goats fed T1diet, while it was observed vice versa for neutral detergent fibre intake. However, there was nodifference in average daily gain and feed conversion ratio between two treatment diets. Results ofthis study indicate that cracked corn grain, as a source of moisture absorbent and energy, can beused successfully in wet soya waste based total mixed ration silage for growing goats.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72760219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cinnamomum iners (Lauraceae) is a traditional plant that widely used to relieve headache, breathingand appetite problems. This plant has been used over the centuries on several illnesses with bacterialsymptoms such as fevers, digestive ailments and coughs. However, lack of scientific studies havebeen conducted to identify its toxicity. Thus, an evaluation on the toxicity of this plant extracts iscrucial to support its therapeutic claims as well as to ensure that there was no side effects toconsumers. Various extracts from C. iners barks were screened for their toxicity against brineshrimp using the brine shrimp lethality test. All extracts exhibited very high LC50 (50% lethalconcentration) values greater than 1mg/ml (1000 ?g/ml) with the hexane extracts showed thehighest toxicity to the brine shrimp with LC50 value of 1306.79 ?g/ml, while the lowest toxicitywas the ethyl acetate extract at 3370.13 ?g/ml. This finding corroborates the traditional uses of thisplant and could be developed as another alternative natural sources in treating various diseases.
{"title":"Brine shrimp lethality test of various Cinnamomum iners (Lauraceae) barks extracts","authors":"I. Wahab, Mohammad Faizul Hussain","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.573","url":null,"abstract":"Cinnamomum iners (Lauraceae) is a traditional plant that widely used to relieve headache, breathingand appetite problems. This plant has been used over the centuries on several illnesses with bacterialsymptoms such as fevers, digestive ailments and coughs. However, lack of scientific studies havebeen conducted to identify its toxicity. Thus, an evaluation on the toxicity of this plant extracts iscrucial to support its therapeutic claims as well as to ensure that there was no side effects toconsumers. Various extracts from C. iners barks were screened for their toxicity against brineshrimp using the brine shrimp lethality test. All extracts exhibited very high LC50 (50% lethalconcentration) values greater than 1mg/ml (1000 ?g/ml) with the hexane extracts showed thehighest toxicity to the brine shrimp with LC50 value of 1306.79 ?g/ml, while the lowest toxicitywas the ethyl acetate extract at 3370.13 ?g/ml. This finding corroborates the traditional uses of thisplant and could be developed as another alternative natural sources in treating various diseases.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87894753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intan Sofienaz Ahmad Fuad, K. Mat, N. Rusli, H. Harun
This experiment goal was to identify the effect of parity and body condition score (BCS) on oestrusexpressions (OE), post breeding reproductive performance (PBRP) of Katjang crossbred andchanges of progesterone (P4) concentration. Twenty-four does were treated with 14 dayssynchronisation followed by visual observation of oestrus expressions (standing heat (SH),mounted by other buck but not standing (MBNS), vocalization (VC), tail swaging (TW), andsniffing of the genital of other buck (SGB)) and blood sampling twice daily up to 72 hours followingControl Internal Drug Release (CIDR) removal. PBRP data was recorded for evaluation whichincluded pregnancy rate (PR), abortion rate (AR), mortality rate (MR), litter size (LS), litter birthweight (LBW) and gestation length (GL). Result revealed that there was no significant effect(P>0.05) of parity and BCS on OE, PBRP and progesterone concentration except for birth weightwhich had been affected by parity. Based on observation of OE of SH, it was found that accuracyof pregnancy prediction was up to 50%. Analysis of OE established reliability of OE in wassequence from SH>SGB>TW>MBNS>VC and onset of oestrus began approximately 33h post toCIDR removal. Analysis of PBRP shown parity?2 had heavier birth weight in single litter size thanparity?3 which was associated with no MR. Progesterone concentration indicated all of the doeswere on oestrus and highly susceptible as early as 48 h post to CIDR removal. In conclusion, thisstudy demonstrated that both non-genetic factors; parity and BCS are very poor in determining theeffect of OE, PBRP and P4 concentration due to limitation of sample size and greater influences ofexternal factors such as weather, extreme environmental condition and farm management. It isrecommended to improve program in future by focusing on enhancing the fertilization rate andreducing embryonic loss for optimum conception rate.
{"title":"Effects of parity and body condition score (BCS) on oestrus expressions and post breeding reproductive performance of Katjang crossbred goat","authors":"Intan Sofienaz Ahmad Fuad, K. Mat, N. Rusli, H. Harun","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.567","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment goal was to identify the effect of parity and body condition score (BCS) on oestrusexpressions (OE), post breeding reproductive performance (PBRP) of Katjang crossbred andchanges of progesterone (P4) concentration. Twenty-four does were treated with 14 dayssynchronisation followed by visual observation of oestrus expressions (standing heat (SH),mounted by other buck but not standing (MBNS), vocalization (VC), tail swaging (TW), andsniffing of the genital of other buck (SGB)) and blood sampling twice daily up to 72 hours followingControl Internal Drug Release (CIDR) removal. PBRP data was recorded for evaluation whichincluded pregnancy rate (PR), abortion rate (AR), mortality rate (MR), litter size (LS), litter birthweight (LBW) and gestation length (GL). Result revealed that there was no significant effect(P>0.05) of parity and BCS on OE, PBRP and progesterone concentration except for birth weightwhich had been affected by parity. Based on observation of OE of SH, it was found that accuracyof pregnancy prediction was up to 50%. Analysis of OE established reliability of OE in wassequence from SH>SGB>TW>MBNS>VC and onset of oestrus began approximately 33h post toCIDR removal. Analysis of PBRP shown parity?2 had heavier birth weight in single litter size thanparity?3 which was associated with no MR. Progesterone concentration indicated all of the doeswere on oestrus and highly susceptible as early as 48 h post to CIDR removal. In conclusion, thisstudy demonstrated that both non-genetic factors; parity and BCS are very poor in determining theeffect of OE, PBRP and P4 concentration due to limitation of sample size and greater influences ofexternal factors such as weather, extreme environmental condition and farm management. It isrecommended to improve program in future by focusing on enhancing the fertilization rate andreducing embryonic loss for optimum conception rate.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91347215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Sulaiman, S. F. M. Ramle, R. Hashim, O. Sulaiman, M. Amini, J. G. Boon
Physical and mechanical properties of Bambusa vulgaris and Schizostachyum brachycladum wereinvestigated. The sample were classified into two different ages which are young and mature foreach culm of bamboo. The aim of this study to investigate the physical properties such as density,basic density, moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling. Other than that, themechanical properties also help to determine their flexural test for modulus of rupture (MOR) andmodulus of elasticity (MOE). The method used to analyse physical and mechanical properties werefollowing the ISO standard. From this study, young Bambusa vulgaris has indicated the highercontent of moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling with 67.66%, 2.69% and34.03%, respectively while mature Schizostachyum brachycladum has shown the higher value inbasic density, density, and flexural test for MOR and MOE with 876.33 kg/m3, 1084.49 kg/m3, 317.01 N/mm2 and 122986.18 N/mm2, respectively.
{"title":"The classical mechanics engineered of Bambusa vulgaris and Schizostachyum brachycladum","authors":"M. S. Sulaiman, S. F. M. Ramle, R. Hashim, O. Sulaiman, M. Amini, J. G. Boon","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.561","url":null,"abstract":"Physical and mechanical properties of Bambusa vulgaris and Schizostachyum brachycladum wereinvestigated. The sample were classified into two different ages which are young and mature foreach culm of bamboo. The aim of this study to investigate the physical properties such as density,basic density, moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling. Other than that, themechanical properties also help to determine their flexural test for modulus of rupture (MOR) andmodulus of elasticity (MOE). The method used to analyse physical and mechanical properties werefollowing the ISO standard. From this study, young Bambusa vulgaris has indicated the highercontent of moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling with 67.66%, 2.69% and34.03%, respectively while mature Schizostachyum brachycladum has shown the higher value inbasic density, density, and flexural test for MOR and MOE with 876.33 kg/m3, 1084.49 kg/m3, 317.01 N/mm2 and 122986.18 N/mm2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74251773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kishan Raj Pillai Mathialagan, Hafzan Eva Mansor, Aina Mardhiya, Zakiyah Ainul Kamal, Mohammad Muqtada Ali Khan
Groundwater resources have become an important fresh water supply due to its increasing demandsfor agricultural, drinking and industrial uses. Groundwater is often contaminated by the process ofindustrial development and suburbanization that has gradually advanced over time without anyconcern for environmental consequences. The objective of this study is to analyse the groundwaterquality of shallow dug wells in parts of Tanah Merah district by conducting quality assessment ofgroundwater using WHO and MHO guide lines. Groundwater samples were collected from dugwells uniformly spread out across the study area to investigate the major ion chemistry of thegroundwater as well as physical parameter. The major ion being investigated are sodium,magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulphate, nitrate, chloride and bicarbonates. Various methods havebeen were employed to determine the major ions concentration in the samples such as atomicabsorption spectrophotometer for cations, gravimetric method for sulphates, titration method forchloride and bicarbonates and colorimetric method for nitrate ion. From the analysed data’s, mostwells are safe for drinking purpose although quite a small amount of ion concentration has surpassedthe permissible limit set by WHO and MOH. The graphical presentation of major ion chemistryaids in identifying two types of groundwater. Ionic species such as Na-K-HCO3 and mixed typewaters are likely to occur in the groundwater system. The analysed major ions concentrationsindicates that majority of the shallow dug wells reported adequate or lower values compared topermissible limit which are safe and can be utilized for various domestic purposes includingdrinking. Several recommendations has been suggested to proliferate the groundwater quality suchas strictly monitoring and supervising the dissipation of waste such as pesticides, industrial effluentand domestic sewage into the aquifer.
{"title":"Groundwater quality assessment of domestic shallow dug wells in parts of Tanah Merah district, Malaysia","authors":"Kishan Raj Pillai Mathialagan, Hafzan Eva Mansor, Aina Mardhiya, Zakiyah Ainul Kamal, Mohammad Muqtada Ali Khan","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.562","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater resources have become an important fresh water supply due to its increasing demandsfor agricultural, drinking and industrial uses. Groundwater is often contaminated by the process ofindustrial development and suburbanization that has gradually advanced over time without anyconcern for environmental consequences. The objective of this study is to analyse the groundwaterquality of shallow dug wells in parts of Tanah Merah district by conducting quality assessment ofgroundwater using WHO and MHO guide lines. Groundwater samples were collected from dugwells uniformly spread out across the study area to investigate the major ion chemistry of thegroundwater as well as physical parameter. The major ion being investigated are sodium,magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulphate, nitrate, chloride and bicarbonates. Various methods havebeen were employed to determine the major ions concentration in the samples such as atomicabsorption spectrophotometer for cations, gravimetric method for sulphates, titration method forchloride and bicarbonates and colorimetric method for nitrate ion. From the analysed data’s, mostwells are safe for drinking purpose although quite a small amount of ion concentration has surpassedthe permissible limit set by WHO and MOH. The graphical presentation of major ion chemistryaids in identifying two types of groundwater. Ionic species such as Na-K-HCO3 and mixed typewaters are likely to occur in the groundwater system. The analysed major ions concentrationsindicates that majority of the shallow dug wells reported adequate or lower values compared topermissible limit which are safe and can be utilized for various domestic purposes includingdrinking. Several recommendations has been suggested to proliferate the groundwater quality suchas strictly monitoring and supervising the dissipation of waste such as pesticides, industrial effluentand domestic sewage into the aquifer.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84640720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. R. Awang, Amzar Shahir Ridzuan, Mohamad Haris Zainol
The indoor air pollutants in student hostel room during eight different conditions were evaluated.One minute interval of TVOC, CO2, CO, O3 concentrations, temperature and relative humidity weremeasured inside a vacant hostel room of Universiti Sains Malaysia. Four fan speeds of 0, 1, 3 and5 and the installed window being open and close were selected as the basis to determine thecondition inside the hostel room. Result suggested that the concentrations of indoor air pollutantswere below the maximum permissible values outlined by Industrial Code of Practice on Indoor AirPollutants except for O3, with maximum concentration are 576 ppb (TVOC), 666 ppm (CO2), 4.4ppm (CO) and 90 ppb (O3). The hourly trend of TVOC and CO2 concentrations with peakconcentrations were observed in the morning (8 a.m.) due to outdoor traffic emission which greatlyinfluenced the indoor pollutants variation. Meanwhile, O3 showed some delay in time to reach peakconcentrations that were observed at 4 p.m. and 5 p.m. Result indicate that the conditions set upwere incapable in the regulation of indoor pollutants variation since these pollutants are moredependent with the source of emission and destruction factors.
{"title":"Background concentration of indoor air quality in hostel rooms during varying conditions","authors":"N. R. Awang, Amzar Shahir Ridzuan, Mohamad Haris Zainol","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.571","url":null,"abstract":"The indoor air pollutants in student hostel room during eight different conditions were evaluated.One minute interval of TVOC, CO2, CO, O3 concentrations, temperature and relative humidity weremeasured inside a vacant hostel room of Universiti Sains Malaysia. Four fan speeds of 0, 1, 3 and5 and the installed window being open and close were selected as the basis to determine thecondition inside the hostel room. Result suggested that the concentrations of indoor air pollutantswere below the maximum permissible values outlined by Industrial Code of Practice on Indoor AirPollutants except for O3, with maximum concentration are 576 ppb (TVOC), 666 ppm (CO2), 4.4ppm (CO) and 90 ppb (O3). The hourly trend of TVOC and CO2 concentrations with peakconcentrations were observed in the morning (8 a.m.) due to outdoor traffic emission which greatlyinfluenced the indoor pollutants variation. Meanwhile, O3 showed some delay in time to reach peakconcentrations that were observed at 4 p.m. and 5 p.m. Result indicate that the conditions set upwere incapable in the regulation of indoor pollutants variation since these pollutants are moredependent with the source of emission and destruction factors.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84626599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Al-Amsyar, Nur Hanisah Zubir, Nur Azila Abdullah, Nur Aqilah Saleh, Anis Amalina Amir Nurddin Fakri, Nurul Aqilah Mohd Razib, Afifa Nadiera Tarmidi, H. K. Adli, N. A. Ibrahim, M. Aurifullah
Silica/carbon composites from the carbonization of rice husk have been employed to act asheterogeneous Brønsted acid catalysts. These composites have been used to catalyze theacetalization of phenylacetaldehyde, vanillin, and 2-acetonaphthone with propylene glycol toproduce hyacinth, vanilla, and orange blossom scent fragrances. As the carbonization temperaturesaffect the physicochemical properties and hence their catalytic activity, several characterizationtechniques and data manipulation have been performed to understand the correlations. Acid densityand hydrophilicity has been proved to play a crucial part to obtain an optimized yield of desiredproducts.
{"title":"Synthesis of silica/carbon composite from agricultural waste as heterogeneous acid catalysts to produce dioxolane moieties from a biodiesel-derived waste compound","authors":"S. M. Al-Amsyar, Nur Hanisah Zubir, Nur Azila Abdullah, Nur Aqilah Saleh, Anis Amalina Amir Nurddin Fakri, Nurul Aqilah Mohd Razib, Afifa Nadiera Tarmidi, H. K. Adli, N. A. Ibrahim, M. Aurifullah","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.565","url":null,"abstract":"Silica/carbon composites from the carbonization of rice husk have been employed to act asheterogeneous Brønsted acid catalysts. These composites have been used to catalyze theacetalization of phenylacetaldehyde, vanillin, and 2-acetonaphthone with propylene glycol toproduce hyacinth, vanilla, and orange blossom scent fragrances. As the carbonization temperaturesaffect the physicochemical properties and hence their catalytic activity, several characterizationtechniques and data manipulation have been performed to understand the correlations. Acid densityand hydrophilicity has been proved to play a crucial part to obtain an optimized yield of desiredproducts.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87491796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pei Yee Lam, Nurul Syazwani Abdul Latif, K. Thevan, P. V. Rao, Wan Zahari Wan Muhamed
Blaptica dubia is a cockroach that used as feed for most reptiles and amphibians because of itnutritive value. Its alternative protein sources can replace the current high priced imported animalfeed such as fishmeal, soybeans and meat. It has potential as an animal feed and minimize highlivestock farming cost of the farmers. A study was conducted to determine the nutritionalcomposition (moisture, ash, crude protein, chitin and fat) of B. dubia in different growth stages.Moisture and ash determine using AOAC protocol, protein using Kjeldahl method, chitin usingchemical treatment and fat analysis using soxhlet extraction method. The proximate analysis ofadults and nymph of B. dubia contained 59.06-62.70% moisture, 2.47-4.17% ash, 47.50-54.32%crude protein, 3.83-5.58 % chitin and 35.49-44.22% fat on dry weight. Thus, the tested feed pelletscould be an alternative protein source as the animal feed especially in pet industry.
{"title":"Nutrient composition of Blaptica dubia (Order: Blattodea) as an alternative protein source","authors":"Pei Yee Lam, Nurul Syazwani Abdul Latif, K. Thevan, P. V. Rao, Wan Zahari Wan Muhamed","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.568","url":null,"abstract":"Blaptica dubia is a cockroach that used as feed for most reptiles and amphibians because of itnutritive value. Its alternative protein sources can replace the current high priced imported animalfeed such as fishmeal, soybeans and meat. It has potential as an animal feed and minimize highlivestock farming cost of the farmers. A study was conducted to determine the nutritionalcomposition (moisture, ash, crude protein, chitin and fat) of B. dubia in different growth stages.Moisture and ash determine using AOAC protocol, protein using Kjeldahl method, chitin usingchemical treatment and fat analysis using soxhlet extraction method. The proximate analysis ofadults and nymph of B. dubia contained 59.06-62.70% moisture, 2.47-4.17% ash, 47.50-54.32%crude protein, 3.83-5.58 % chitin and 35.49-44.22% fat on dry weight. Thus, the tested feed pelletscould be an alternative protein source as the animal feed especially in pet industry.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76872783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Wahab, K. Mat, M. M. Nor, M. Adam, Muhammad Syazwan Ramli, N. Rusli, C. H. Hasnita, Raja Ili Airina Raja Khalif
The objectives of this study were to determine morphology of Japanese quail strains andhatchability rate and egg quality between commercial strain which is Poultry Progress Institute(IKTA) strain and White Texas strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) rear in Malaysia. Atotal of 300 quails were randomly picked and the breastbone length, chest girth, body weight,body length, shank length and drum length were measured for the morphology. Then, 270 eggs ofCommercial and White Texas strains were used to test the hatchability rate (n=150) and eggquality (n=120). The ratio of the parents of the quails between male and female of each type ofstrain were 1:3. The cleanliness, shape, weight, and texture of the eggshell were observed,weighed and measured. The eggs were incubated for 17 days (37.6 °C, 65% humidity). The shapeindex, egg weight, egg volume and eggshell surface were weighed and measured for the exteriortrait of eggs. For interior trait, the albumen index, Haugh units, and internal quality units (IQU)were measured. Significant findings were observed in all of the features (P<0.05), except for thewing length in morphology. For hatchability rate, there was a high significant in the percentage ofhatchability of incubated eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs and smoothness texture of the eggshell.In egg quality there was high significant in Haugh unit but low significant internal quality unit.The significant variability might be due from the genetic information that inherited from theparents. The IKTA and White strains were not the same in morphology, hatchability rate andinterior trait of eggs but same exterior trait of eggs. In conclusion, this research is important ingiving information about Japanese quail strain in Malaysia and more genetic study should be donein the future to determine good strain and increase understanding about quail strain.
{"title":"Comparative study of hatchability rate and egg quality between different strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)","authors":"M. A. Wahab, K. Mat, M. M. Nor, M. Adam, Muhammad Syazwan Ramli, N. Rusli, C. H. Hasnita, Raja Ili Airina Raja Khalif","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.564","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to determine morphology of Japanese quail strains andhatchability rate and egg quality between commercial strain which is Poultry Progress Institute(IKTA) strain and White Texas strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) rear in Malaysia. Atotal of 300 quails were randomly picked and the breastbone length, chest girth, body weight,body length, shank length and drum length were measured for the morphology. Then, 270 eggs ofCommercial and White Texas strains were used to test the hatchability rate (n=150) and eggquality (n=120). The ratio of the parents of the quails between male and female of each type ofstrain were 1:3. The cleanliness, shape, weight, and texture of the eggshell were observed,weighed and measured. The eggs were incubated for 17 days (37.6 °C, 65% humidity). The shapeindex, egg weight, egg volume and eggshell surface were weighed and measured for the exteriortrait of eggs. For interior trait, the albumen index, Haugh units, and internal quality units (IQU)were measured. Significant findings were observed in all of the features (P<0.05), except for thewing length in morphology. For hatchability rate, there was a high significant in the percentage ofhatchability of incubated eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs and smoothness texture of the eggshell.In egg quality there was high significant in Haugh unit but low significant internal quality unit.The significant variability might be due from the genetic information that inherited from theparents. The IKTA and White strains were not the same in morphology, hatchability rate andinterior trait of eggs but same exterior trait of eggs. In conclusion, this research is important ingiving information about Japanese quail strain in Malaysia and more genetic study should be donein the future to determine good strain and increase understanding about quail strain.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76686319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here we present the efficacies of Murraya koenigii leaves extract as natural antibacterial agents bythe ability to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterialactivities of formulated liquid hand soap with different concentrations (10, 30 and 50 mg/mL) ofM. koenigii extracts were determined by paper disc diffusion method. M. koenigii leaves extract at10 mg/mL concentration had the ability to inhibit the growth of both test microorganisms. Whereas,for liquid hand soap formulated with 10, 30 and 50 mg/mL M. koenigii extracts, inhibition zoneswere observed on S. aureus assay plates but not on E. coli. Hence, the results suggested that liquidhand soap containing M. koenigii extract had therapeutic potentials to prevent spread of skindiseases caused by S. aureus.
{"title":"Potential Application of Murraya koenigii Extract as Antibacterial Agent in Liquid Hand Soap Formulation","authors":"Ai Yin Loh, K. A. Pahirulzaman","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V6I2.570","url":null,"abstract":"Here we present the efficacies of Murraya koenigii leaves extract as natural antibacterial agents bythe ability to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterialactivities of formulated liquid hand soap with different concentrations (10, 30 and 50 mg/mL) ofM. koenigii extracts were determined by paper disc diffusion method. M. koenigii leaves extract at10 mg/mL concentration had the ability to inhibit the growth of both test microorganisms. Whereas,for liquid hand soap formulated with 10, 30 and 50 mg/mL M. koenigii extracts, inhibition zoneswere observed on S. aureus assay plates but not on E. coli. Hence, the results suggested that liquidhand soap containing M. koenigii extract had therapeutic potentials to prevent spread of skindiseases caused by S. aureus.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77765721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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