Blood donors are screened for medication use to determine their health status and to ensure that the collection will be safe and efficacious for transfusion. Although stringent medication deferral guidelines exist for human blood donors, no consensus exists as to which medications should be permitted among canine donors.
Methods
A brief survey regarding canine donor screening methods was distributed to an online hematology and transfusion medicine group and included questions pertaining to commonly prescribed medications and consumption of a raw food diet.
Key Findings
The survey results demonstrate that more than half of the respondents accept canine donors given thyroid supplements, whereas respondents were split as to whether they accept canine donors given antihistamines chronically. Most survey respondents exclude canine donors taking anti-inflammatory or anti-itch medications unless in acute circumstances and only after a washout period. More than half of the survey respondents exclude dogs fed a raw food diet.
Significance
The survey results demonstrate that there is no obvious agreement regarding which medications to permit in canine donors. Evidence-based guidelines are needed to inform best practices and the subsequent decisions made by donor programs.
{"title":"A survey of medication and raw food use among canine blood donors","authors":"Marie K. Holowaychuk DVM, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13381","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13381","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood donors are screened for medication use to determine their health status and to ensure that the collection will be safe and efficacious for transfusion. Although stringent medication deferral guidelines exist for human blood donors, no consensus exists as to which medications should be permitted among canine donors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A brief survey regarding canine donor screening methods was distributed to an online hematology and transfusion medicine group and included questions pertaining to commonly prescribed medications and consumption of a raw food diet.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey results demonstrate that more than half of the respondents accept canine donors given thyroid supplements, whereas respondents were split as to whether they accept canine donors given antihistamines chronically. Most survey respondents exclude canine donors taking anti-inflammatory or anti-itch medications unless in acute circumstances and only after a washout period. More than half of the survey respondents exclude dogs fed a raw food diet.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey results demonstrate that there is no obvious agreement regarding which medications to permit in canine donors. Evidence-based guidelines are needed to inform best practices and the subsequent decisions made by donor programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 3","pages":"302-306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141163028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca R. Gelé DVM, Priscilla Burnotte DVM, Annelies Valcke DVM, Thomas G. Walker DVM, DACVECC, Christopher R. Kennedy BVetMed, DACVECC, Anne-Christine Merveille DMV, PhD, DECVIM, Kris Gommeren DVM, PhD, DECVIM, DECVECC
<div> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>To determine if emergency and critical care residents can identify moderate to severe precapillary pulmonary hypertension on cardiologist-obtained cineloops using a pulmonary hypertension score (PHS) and report the interobserver variability of the PHS.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Design</h3> <p>Multicenter, retrospective, case–control study from 2017 to 2021.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Setting</h3> <p>Private referral center and veterinary teaching hospital.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Animals</h3> <p>One hundred and thirty-five client-owned dogs that underwent diagnostic echocardiography.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Interventions</h3> <p>None.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3> <p>Medical records of dogs with stage B1 myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and dogs diagnosed with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PCPH) via echocardiograms were reviewed. Dogs were categorized by a cardiologist into 5 groups (normal, B1 MMVD, mild, moderate, and severe PCPH) based on Doppler pulmonary pressure gradients and right heart morphology. Cineloops from each case were subjectively evaluated by emergency and critical care residents for the presence of right atrial and ventricular enlargement, right ventricular hypertrophy, interventricular septal flattening, and pulmonary artery and trunk enlargement to form a composite pulmonary hypertension score out of 8 (PHS8). When available, signs of peritoneal effusion and distention of the caudal vena cava were subjectively assessed to generate a pulmonary hypertension score out of 10 (PHS10). There was excellent discrimination of moderate to severe PCPH versus grouped absent to mild PCPH using PHS8 (area under the receiver operator curve [AUC] [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.90 [0.84–0.95], <i>P </i>< 0.0001) and PHS10 (AUC [95% CI] = 0.89 [0.81–0.97], <i>P </i>< 0.0001). PHS8 ≥3 was 64% sensitive and 98% specific for moderate to severe PCPH (positive likelihood ratio [LR+] 32, negative likelihood ration [LR−] 0.37). PHS10 ≥ 3.3 was 64% sensitive and 92% specific for moderate to severe PCPH (LR+ 8, LR− 0.39). Interobserver agreement was good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.66–0.80], <i>n</i> = 135).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Residents identified moderate to severe PCPH in dogs using PHS on cineloops previousl
{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of a right heart parameter score in the assessment of precapillary pulmonary hypertension in dogs (2017–2021): 135 cases","authors":"Rebecca R. Gelé DVM, Priscilla Burnotte DVM, Annelies Valcke DVM, Thomas G. Walker DVM, DACVECC, Christopher R. Kennedy BVetMed, DACVECC, Anne-Christine Merveille DMV, PhD, DECVIM, Kris Gommeren DVM, PhD, DECVIM, DECVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13394","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13394","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine if emergency and critical care residents can identify moderate to severe precapillary pulmonary hypertension on cardiologist-obtained cineloops using a pulmonary hypertension score (PHS) and report the interobserver variability of the PHS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multicenter, retrospective, case–control study from 2017 to 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Private referral center and veterinary teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and thirty-five client-owned dogs that underwent diagnostic echocardiography.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records of dogs with stage B1 myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and dogs diagnosed with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PCPH) via echocardiograms were reviewed. Dogs were categorized by a cardiologist into 5 groups (normal, B1 MMVD, mild, moderate, and severe PCPH) based on Doppler pulmonary pressure gradients and right heart morphology. Cineloops from each case were subjectively evaluated by emergency and critical care residents for the presence of right atrial and ventricular enlargement, right ventricular hypertrophy, interventricular septal flattening, and pulmonary artery and trunk enlargement to form a composite pulmonary hypertension score out of 8 (PHS8). When available, signs of peritoneal effusion and distention of the caudal vena cava were subjectively assessed to generate a pulmonary hypertension score out of 10 (PHS10). There was excellent discrimination of moderate to severe PCPH versus grouped absent to mild PCPH using PHS8 (area under the receiver operator curve [AUC] [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.90 [0.84–0.95], <i>P </i>< 0.0001) and PHS10 (AUC [95% CI] = 0.89 [0.81–0.97], <i>P </i>< 0.0001). PHS8 ≥3 was 64% sensitive and 98% specific for moderate to severe PCPH (positive likelihood ratio [LR+] 32, negative likelihood ration [LR−] 0.37). PHS10 ≥ 3.3 was 64% sensitive and 92% specific for moderate to severe PCPH (LR+ 8, LR− 0.39). Interobserver agreement was good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.66–0.80], <i>n</i> = 135).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Residents identified moderate to severe PCPH in dogs using PHS on cineloops previousl","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 3","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141163029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rose E. Tallon MA, VetMB, MVetMed, DACVIM, Sarah E. Allen BVetMed, MSc PhD, Bruce M. Bladon BVM&S, DESTS, DECVS, Kate F. McGovern BVetMed, MS DACVIM, DECEIM
<div> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>To determine the effect of a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone on the risk of postoperative reflux (POR) in horses undergoing small intestinal surgery and to investigate its association with incisional complications and short-term survival.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Design</h3> <p>Retrospective cohort study over an 11-year period (2008–2019).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Setting</h3> <p>UK-based private referral center.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Animals</h3> <p>Two hundred and forty client-owned horses >6 months of age undergoing exploratory laparotomy for treatment of a small intestinal lesion.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Interventions</h3> <p>Ninety-seven horses received a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, IV).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3> <p>Of 97 horses that received dexamethasone, 52 (53.6%) required small intestinal resection. Of 143 horses that did not receive dexamethasone, small intestinal resection was performed in 78 (54.5%). A total of 70 horses (29%) developed POR. There was no difference in the risk of POR between horses that received dexamethasone (25/97; 26%) and those that did not (45/143; 31%, <i>P </i>= 0.34). Risk factors associated with the development of POR included small intestinal resection (odds ratio [OR]: 4.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.27–9.11, <i>P </i>< 0.001), a PCV >40% 24 hours postoperatively (OR: 4.11, 95% CI: 2–8.45, <i>P </i>< 0.001), and a WBC count >10 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L on admission (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.47–7.41, <i>P </i>= 0.004). Dexamethasone was not associated with the odds of POR. Horses undergoing repeat laparotomy had a higher risk of incisional infection (OR: 8.07, 95% CI: 1.98–32.81, <i>P</i> = 0.004). Dexamethasone administration was not associated with incisional infection. The development of POR was negatively associated with short-term survival (OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03–0.17, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Dexamethasone administration was not retained in the final multivariable model for survival.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Intraoperative dexamethasone was not associated with the development of POR in this study population, nor did it have an effect on postoperative survival or incisional infection in horses undergoing surgical management of small intestinal disease.</p> </section>
{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of the effects of a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone in horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy for small intestinal lesions (2008–2019): 240 cases","authors":"Rose E. Tallon MA, VetMB, MVetMed, DACVIM, Sarah E. Allen BVetMed, MSc PhD, Bruce M. Bladon BVM&S, DESTS, DECVS, Kate F. McGovern BVetMed, MS DACVIM, DECEIM","doi":"10.1111/vec.13374","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13374","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the effect of a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone on the risk of postoperative reflux (POR) in horses undergoing small intestinal surgery and to investigate its association with incisional complications and short-term survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective cohort study over an 11-year period (2008–2019).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>UK-based private referral center.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred and forty client-owned horses >6 months of age undergoing exploratory laparotomy for treatment of a small intestinal lesion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-seven horses received a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, IV).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 97 horses that received dexamethasone, 52 (53.6%) required small intestinal resection. Of 143 horses that did not receive dexamethasone, small intestinal resection was performed in 78 (54.5%). A total of 70 horses (29%) developed POR. There was no difference in the risk of POR between horses that received dexamethasone (25/97; 26%) and those that did not (45/143; 31%, <i>P </i>= 0.34). Risk factors associated with the development of POR included small intestinal resection (odds ratio [OR]: 4.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.27–9.11, <i>P </i>< 0.001), a PCV >40% 24 hours postoperatively (OR: 4.11, 95% CI: 2–8.45, <i>P </i>< 0.001), and a WBC count >10 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L on admission (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.47–7.41, <i>P </i>= 0.004). Dexamethasone was not associated with the odds of POR. Horses undergoing repeat laparotomy had a higher risk of incisional infection (OR: 8.07, 95% CI: 1.98–32.81, <i>P</i> = 0.004). Dexamethasone administration was not associated with incisional infection. The development of POR was negatively associated with short-term survival (OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03–0.17, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Dexamethasone administration was not retained in the final multivariable model for survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intraoperative dexamethasone was not associated with the development of POR in this study population, nor did it have an effect on postoperative survival or incisional infection in horses undergoing surgical management of small intestinal disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 3","pages":"245-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141163031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Matson BVetMed, Efa A. Llewellyn BVetMed, DACVECC, DECVECC
Objectives
To calculate the shock index (SI) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and to evaluate its use to predict the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF).
Design
Retrospective study.
Setting
Small animal university veterinary teaching hospital.
Animals
Ninety-eight dogs with MMVD and 20 healthy dogs as part of a control group.
Interventions
Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded, and SI was calculated by dividing HR by SBP for each dog.
Measurements and Main Results
The mean (SD) HR, SBP, and SI were 123/min (32.6), 147 mm Hg (21.5), and 0.86 (0.3), respectively, for dogs with MMVD and 98/min (20.9), 145 mm Hg (18.7), and 0.68 (0.13), respectively, for control dogs. Dogs with MMVD had a significantly higher HR compared with control dogs (P < 0.01), and an elevation in HR was seen as the severity of MMVD increased. Dogs in stage B2 and C/D MMVD had a significantly higher SI value compared with control dogs (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively). SI was significantly higher in dogs in stage C/D MMVD compared with dogs in stage B2 MMVD (P < 0.01). Ten of 98 (10%) dogs had an arrhythmia. HR, SBP, and SI were not significantly different between dogs with and without arrhythmias (P = 0.13, P = 0.57, and P = 0.07, respectively), but significantly more dogs with CHF had an arrhythmia (P = 0.01). SI (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.98) and HR (AUC: 0.95) were excellent indicators for the presence of CHF. An optimal SI cutoff value ≥1.1 had 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity for predicting the presence of CHF, and an optimal HR cutoff value of ≥157/min had 92% sensitivity and 93% specificity for the prediction of CHF.
Conclusions
When there are compatible clinical signs, SI values ≥1.1 may suggest the presence of CHF in dogs with MMVD.
目的：计算肌瘤性二尖瓣病犬的休克指数（SI），并评估其在预测充血性心力衰竭（CHF）中的应用：计算患有肌瘤性二尖瓣疾病（MMVD）的犬的休克指数（SI），并评估其在预测充血性心力衰竭（CHF）中的应用：设计：回顾性研究：动物：98 只患有 MMVD 的狗：98只患有MMVD的狗和20只作为对照组的健康狗：记录心率（HR）和收缩压（SBP），用每只狗的心率除以收缩压计算SI：患有 MMVD 的狗的平均（标清）心率、收缩压和 SI 分别为 123/min (32.6)、147 mm Hg (21.5) 和 0.86 (0.3)；对照组狗的平均（标清）心率、收缩压和 SI 分别为 98/min (20.9)、145 mm Hg (18.7) 和 0.68 (0.13)。与对照组犬相比，患有 MMVD 的犬的心率明显更高（P 结论：MMVD 患者的心率明显高于对照组犬：当临床症状相符时，SI 值≥1.1 可能提示 MMVD 患犬存在 CHF。
{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of the utility of shock index to determine the presence of congestive heart failure in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (2019–2021): 98 cases","authors":"Hannah Matson BVetMed, Efa A. Llewellyn BVetMed, DACVECC, DECVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13379","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13379","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To calculate the shock index (SI) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and to evaluate its use to predict the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small animal university veterinary teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-eight dogs with MMVD and 20 healthy dogs as part of a control group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded, and SI was calculated by dividing HR by SBP for each dog.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean (SD) HR, SBP, and SI were 123/min (32.6), 147 mm Hg (21.5), and 0.86 (0.3), respectively, for dogs with MMVD and 98/min (20.9), 145 mm Hg (18.7), and 0.68 (0.13), respectively, for control dogs. Dogs with MMVD had a significantly higher HR compared with control dogs (<i>P </i>< 0.01), and an elevation in HR was seen as the severity of MMVD increased. Dogs in stage B2 and C/D MMVD had a significantly higher SI value compared with control dogs (<i>P </i>= 0.04 and <i>P</i> < 0.01, respectively). SI was significantly higher in dogs in stage C/D MMVD compared with dogs in stage B2 MMVD (<i>P </i>< 0.01). Ten of 98 (10%) dogs had an arrhythmia. HR, SBP, and SI were not significantly different between dogs with and without arrhythmias (<i>P </i>= 0.13, <i>P </i>= 0.57, and <i>P </i>= 0.07, respectively), but significantly more dogs with CHF had an arrhythmia (<i>P </i>= 0.01). SI (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.98) and HR (AUC: 0.95) were excellent indicators for the presence of CHF. An optimal SI cutoff value ≥1.1 had 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity for predicting the presence of CHF, and an optimal HR cutoff value of ≥157/min had 92% sensitivity and 93% specificity for the prediction of CHF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When there are compatible clinical signs, SI values ≥1.1 may suggest the presence of CHF in dogs with MMVD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 3","pages":"231-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141163032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha Davis DVM, Daniel J. Fletcher PhD, DVM, DACVECC, Ashley Newman DVM, Marjory B. Brooks DVM, DACVIM
<div> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>To determine if Irish Wolfhounds (IWs), like other sighthounds, are hyperfibrinolytic compared with nonsighthound dogs using 2 native and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-enhanced viscoelastic assays, one that is whole blood-based (viscoelastic coagulation monitor [VCM]) and the other that is plasma-based thromboelastography (TEG).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Design</h3> <p>Cohort study.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Setting</h3> <p>University teaching hospital.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Animals</h3> <p>A convenience sample of 27 IWs recruited from the Irish Wolfhound Association of New England Specialty and the local community, and 27 healthy, age-matched, large-breed control dogs.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Interventions</h3> <p>None.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3> <p>Blood samples including CBC, biochemistry, traditional coagulation, and viscoelastic testing were collected from IWs and control dogs. Twelve IWs had viscoelastic testing. IWs had lower fibrinogen concentrations (215.5 ± 57.8 vs 251.4 ± 64.5 mg/dL, <i>P</i> = 0.034) and formed weaker clots on both whole-blood VCM and plasma TEG assays (maximum clot firmness [VCM-MCF] = 39.4 [25.1–48.8] vs 48.5 [34.6–57.3], <i>P </i>= 0.0042; maximum amplitude [TEG-MA] = 22.7 [14.7–33.6] vs 32.2 [26.9–42.0], <i>P</i> < 0.0001). IWs were hyperfibrinolytic compared with control dogs on VCM whole-blood assays, with 25 U/mL tPA (lysis at 30 min [VCM-LI30] = 68.1 [0–100] vs 99.9 [63.3–100], <i>P</i> = 0.0009; lysis at 45 min [VCM-LI45] = 31.0 [0–100] vs 98.1 [38.4–100], <i>P</i> = 0.0002) but hypofibrinolytic compared with controls on TEG plasma assays with 50 U/mL tPA (lysis at 30 min [TEG-LY30] = 45.7 [4.6–94.6] vs 93.7 [12.3–96.5], <i>P</i> = 0.0004; lysis at 60 min [TEG-LY60] = 68.7 [29.7–96.8] vs 95.7 [34.4–97.6], <i>P</i> = 0.0003). Minimal fibrinolysis was measured on whole-blood VCM or plasma TEG assays without the addition of tPA, and there were no differences between the 2 groups.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Weaker clots were found in IWs than control dogs. With the addition of tPA, IWs had evidence of hyperfibrinolysis on whole-blood VCM assays and hypofibrinolysis on plasma TEG assays compared with control dogs. Without the addition of tPA, however, both groups of dogs showed minimal fibrinolysis on viscoelastic testing.</p>
{"title":"Comparison of coagulation and fibrinolysis in Irish Wolfhounds and age-matched control dogs using tissue plasminogen activator-augmented viscoelastic testing","authors":"Samantha Davis DVM, Daniel J. Fletcher PhD, DVM, DACVECC, Ashley Newman DVM, Marjory B. Brooks DVM, DACVIM","doi":"10.1111/vec.13385","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13385","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine if Irish Wolfhounds (IWs), like other sighthounds, are hyperfibrinolytic compared with nonsighthound dogs using 2 native and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-enhanced viscoelastic assays, one that is whole blood-based (viscoelastic coagulation monitor [VCM]) and the other that is plasma-based thromboelastography (TEG).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cohort study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A convenience sample of 27 IWs recruited from the Irish Wolfhound Association of New England Specialty and the local community, and 27 healthy, age-matched, large-breed control dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood samples including CBC, biochemistry, traditional coagulation, and viscoelastic testing were collected from IWs and control dogs. Twelve IWs had viscoelastic testing. IWs had lower fibrinogen concentrations (215.5 ± 57.8 vs 251.4 ± 64.5 mg/dL, <i>P</i> = 0.034) and formed weaker clots on both whole-blood VCM and plasma TEG assays (maximum clot firmness [VCM-MCF] = 39.4 [25.1–48.8] vs 48.5 [34.6–57.3], <i>P </i>= 0.0042; maximum amplitude [TEG-MA] = 22.7 [14.7–33.6] vs 32.2 [26.9–42.0], <i>P</i> < 0.0001). IWs were hyperfibrinolytic compared with control dogs on VCM whole-blood assays, with 25 U/mL tPA (lysis at 30 min [VCM-LI30] = 68.1 [0–100] vs 99.9 [63.3–100], <i>P</i> = 0.0009; lysis at 45 min [VCM-LI45] = 31.0 [0–100] vs 98.1 [38.4–100], <i>P</i> = 0.0002) but hypofibrinolytic compared with controls on TEG plasma assays with 50 U/mL tPA (lysis at 30 min [TEG-LY30] = 45.7 [4.6–94.6] vs 93.7 [12.3–96.5], <i>P</i> = 0.0004; lysis at 60 min [TEG-LY60] = 68.7 [29.7–96.8] vs 95.7 [34.4–97.6], <i>P</i> = 0.0003). Minimal fibrinolysis was measured on whole-blood VCM or plasma TEG assays without the addition of tPA, and there were no differences between the 2 groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weaker clots were found in IWs than control dogs. With the addition of tPA, IWs had evidence of hyperfibrinolysis on whole-blood VCM assays and hypofibrinolysis on plasma TEG assays compared with control dogs. Without the addition of tPA, however, both groups of dogs showed minimal fibrinolysis on viscoelastic testing.</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 3","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate the feasibility of the point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM) in Amazon parrots (Amazona spp.) and describe the parameters with fresh whole-blood samples in healthy Amazon parrots.
Design
A total of 18 Amazon parrots were enrolled. Physical examinations, a CBC, and a biochemistry profile, including bile acids, were performed on all parrots. VCM tracings were obtained at the time of venipuncture for baseline laboratory work.
Measurements and Main Results
The median clot time was 2102 seconds (range: 38.6–3599 s), median clot formation time was 929 seconds (range: 21.4–1711 s), median alpha angle was 20 (range: 6–67), and the median maximum clot formation was 8.5 (range: 0–36). The median lysis index at 30 minutes (LI30) was 100 (range: 98–100), and the median lysis index at 45 minutes (LI45) was 100 (range: 90–100). Of 18 samples, alpha angles were not reported in 7 samples, LI30 was not reported in 10 samples, and LI45 was not reported in 12 samples. Of the qualitative curves, 6 reflected normal mammalian curves, and the remainder were consistent with a hypocoaguable state.
Conclusions
The results were markedly variable, with the majority of VCM tracings being hypocoagulable in comparison with reference intervals established for dogs and cats. Using these protocols, the VCM is not reliable in Amazon parrots. Future areas of investigation include altering the temperature during sample analysis, the use of activators, or an exchange of clotting reagents for an extrinsic pathway activator, which may contribute to the success of this device in avian species.
{"title":"Point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitor parameters in Amazon parrots (Amazona spp.)","authors":"Amanda Burke DVM, Miryam Reems DVM, DACVECC, Maria Spriggs DVM, PhD","doi":"10.1111/vec.13386","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13386","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the feasibility of the point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM) in Amazon parrots (<i>Amazona</i> spp.) and describe the parameters with fresh whole-blood samples in healthy Amazon parrots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 18 Amazon parrots were enrolled. Physical examinations, a CBC, and a biochemistry profile, including bile acids, were performed on all parrots. VCM tracings were obtained at the time of venipuncture for baseline laboratory work.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median clot time was 2102 seconds (range: 38.6–3599 s), median clot formation time was 929 seconds (range: 21.4–1711 s), median alpha angle was 20 (range: 6–67), and the median maximum clot formation was 8.5 (range: 0–36). The median lysis index at 30 minutes (LI30) was 100 (range: 98–100), and the median lysis index at 45 minutes (LI45) was 100 (range: 90–100). Of 18 samples, alpha angles were not reported in 7 samples, LI30 was not reported in 10 samples, and LI45 was not reported in 12 samples. Of the qualitative curves, 6 reflected normal mammalian curves, and the remainder were consistent with a hypocoaguable state.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results were markedly variable, with the majority of VCM tracings being hypocoagulable in comparison with reference intervals established for dogs and cats. Using these protocols, the VCM is not reliable in Amazon parrots. Future areas of investigation include altering the temperature during sample analysis, the use of activators, or an exchange of clotting reagents for an extrinsic pathway activator, which may contribute to the success of this device in avian species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 3","pages":"238-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shelly Olin DVM, DACVIM, Julie Schildt DVM, DACVECC, Michael Lane DVM, DACVIM, Adesola Odunayo DVM, MS, DACVECC, Cary Springer MS, Dana Call RVT, VTS (ECC), CHT-V, Selene Jones DACVD, DVM, Dennis Geiser DVM, CHT-V, DABVP, Daryl Millis DVM, DACVS, CCRP, Marti Drum DVM, PhD, CCRP, CERP
Objective
To assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on Crotalinae envenomation-induced wound swelling and severity and pain in dogs, and to describe the safety and complications of HBOT.
Design
Prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded study (2017–2021).
Setting
University teaching hospital, private veterinary practice.
Animals
Thirty-six client-owned dogs presenting within 24 hours of a confirmed or suspected naturally occurring Crotalinae snake bite injury were enrolled between 2017 and 2021.
Interventions
In addition to the standard of care treatment, dogs received 2 interventions with either HBOT (n = 19) or control (n = 16) within 24 hours of hospital admission. Dogs receiving HBOT were pressurized over 15 minutes (1 psi/min), maintained at a target pressure of 2 atmosphere absolute (ATA) for 30 minutes, and decompressed over 15 minutes. Control dogs received 1 ATA for 1 hour. Local wound swelling, wound severity score, and pain score were assessed at admission, before and after each intervention, and at hospital discharge.
Measurements and Main Results
There was no significant difference in wound swelling (P = 0.414), severity score (P = 1.000), or pain score (P = 0.689) between HBOT and control groups. Pain decreased significantly over time regardless of the study intervention (P < 0.001). There were no major adverse effects associated with either study intervention.
Conclusions
HBOT did not significantly alter the short-term recovery from Crotalinae envenomation in this study population. However, the study might be underpowered to detect a significant treatment effect.
{"title":"The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on snake-bite-associated wounds in dogs","authors":"Shelly Olin DVM, DACVIM, Julie Schildt DVM, DACVECC, Michael Lane DVM, DACVIM, Adesola Odunayo DVM, MS, DACVECC, Cary Springer MS, Dana Call RVT, VTS (ECC), CHT-V, Selene Jones DACVD, DVM, Dennis Geiser DVM, CHT-V, DABVP, Daryl Millis DVM, DACVS, CCRP, Marti Drum DVM, PhD, CCRP, CERP","doi":"10.1111/vec.13383","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13383","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on <i>Crotalinae</i> envenomation-induced wound swelling and severity and pain in dogs, and to describe the safety and complications of HBOT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded study (2017–2021).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital, private veterinary practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-six client-owned dogs presenting within 24 hours of a confirmed or suspected naturally occurring <i>Crotalinae</i> snake bite injury were enrolled between 2017 and 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In addition to the standard of care treatment, dogs received 2 interventions with either HBOT (<i>n</i> = 19) or control (<i>n</i> = 16) within 24 hours of hospital admission. Dogs receiving HBOT were pressurized over 15 minutes (1 psi/min), maintained at a target pressure of 2 atmosphere absolute (ATA) for 30 minutes, and decompressed over 15 minutes. Control dogs received 1 ATA for 1 hour. Local wound swelling, wound severity score, and pain score were assessed at admission, before and after each intervention, and at hospital discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no significant difference in wound swelling (<i>P </i>= 0.414), severity score (<i>P </i>= 1.000), or pain score (<i>P </i>= 0.689) between HBOT and control groups. Pain decreased significantly over time regardless of the study intervention (<i>P </i>< 0.001). There were no major adverse effects associated with either study intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HBOT did not significantly alter the short-term recovery from <i>Crotalinae</i> envenomation in this study population. However, the study might be underpowered to detect a significant treatment effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 3","pages":"211-221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamie M. Burkitt-Creedon DVM, DACVECC, Manuel Boller Dr med vet, MTR, DACVECC, Daniel J. Fletcher PhD, DVM, DACVECC
{"title":"2024 RECOVER CPR Guidelines","authors":"Jamie M. Burkitt-Creedon DVM, DACVECC, Manuel Boller Dr med vet, MTR, DACVECC, Daniel J. Fletcher PhD, DVM, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13382","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 3","pages":"307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To describe the incidence, etiology, clinical signs, diagnostics, treatments, and outcome of noniatrogenic traumatic pneumomediastinum (TPM) in dogs and cats.
Design
Retrospective study of cases (2005–2022).
Setting
University veterinary teaching hospital.
Animals
Fifty-two patients (29 dogs, 23 cats).
Measurements and Main Results
Data collected from the medical records included signalment, physical examination findings, animal trauma triage (ATT) score, clinicopathological data, imaging data, surgical intervention, length of hospitalization, supportive care, complications, and outcome. Most dogs presented with tachycardia and tachypnea, while cats presented with hypothermia and tachypnea. Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and dyspnea were the most common clinical signs for both species. The median calculated ATT score was 3.5 in dogs and 4 in cats. The most common radiographic abnormalities other than pneumomediastinum were pneumothorax and lung contusions. The overall mortality rate was 18%, with a significantly higher survival rate in dogs (26/28 dogs [93%], 15/22 cats (68%); P = 0.03). Outcome was unknown in 1 dog and 1 cat. The only significant difference in treatment between survivors and nonsurvivors was the requirement in dogs for positive pressure ventilation. The median hospitalization period was 2 days for both species, with a shorter hospitalization in the nonsurvivors (0.6 vs 2 days, respectively; P = 0.006).
Conclusions
TPM is an infrequent pathology in veterinary medicine and may be seen without an externally obvious injury. The most common causes for TPM in dogs were vehicular trauma and bite wounds, while high-rise syndrome was the most common cause in cats. Most of the cases have concurrent pneumothorax and require thoracocentesis; however, direct intervention to treat TPM is not usually required. The vast majority of cases did not undergo surgery to treat TPM. The prognosis for dogs with TPM was good but was guarded for cats.
{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of traumatic pneumomediastinum in dogs and cats (2005–2022): 52 cases","authors":"Sigal Klainbart DVM, MVPH, DACVECC, DECVECC, Anna Shipov DVM, PHD, DECVS, Daliya Tygiel DVM, Gilad Segev DVM, DECVIM, Efrat Kelmer DVM, MS, DACVECC, DECVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13384","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13384","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the incidence, etiology, clinical signs, diagnostics, treatments, and outcome of noniatrogenic traumatic pneumomediastinum (TPM) in dogs and cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study of cases (2005–2022).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University veterinary teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-two patients (29 dogs, 23 cats).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data collected from the medical records included signalment, physical examination findings, animal trauma triage (ATT) score, clinicopathological data, imaging data, surgical intervention, length of hospitalization, supportive care, complications, and outcome. Most dogs presented with tachycardia and tachypnea, while cats presented with hypothermia and tachypnea. Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and dyspnea were the most common clinical signs for both species. The median calculated ATT score was 3.5 in dogs and 4 in cats. The most common radiographic abnormalities other than pneumomediastinum were pneumothorax and lung contusions. The overall mortality rate was 18%, with a significantly higher survival rate in dogs (26/28 dogs [93%], 15/22 cats (68%); <i>P</i> = 0.03). Outcome was unknown in 1 dog and 1 cat. The only significant difference in treatment between survivors and nonsurvivors was the requirement in dogs for positive pressure ventilation. The median hospitalization period was 2 days for both species, with a shorter hospitalization in the nonsurvivors (0.6 vs 2 days, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.006).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TPM is an infrequent pathology in veterinary medicine and may be seen without an externally obvious injury. The most common causes for TPM in dogs were vehicular trauma and bite wounds, while high-rise syndrome was the most common cause in cats. Most of the cases have concurrent pneumothorax and require thoracocentesis; however, direct intervention to treat TPM is not usually required. The vast majority of cases did not undergo surgery to treat TPM. The prognosis for dogs with TPM was good but was guarded for cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 3","pages":"268-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca P. Solari DVM, Megan A. Mickelson DVM, DACVS, James Bilof DVM, Adesola Odunayo DVM, MS, DACVECC, Jourdan B. McPhetridge DVM, Valery F. Scharf DVM, MS, DACVS, Lingnan Yuan, Jonathan P. Mochel DVM, MSc, PhD, DECVPT, Rebecca A. Walton DVM, DACVECC
<div> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>To evaluate the prevalence of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and factors associated with the need for transfusion in cases of feline urethral obstruction (FUO). Secondarily, to compare survival to discharge in cats receiving an RBC transfusion versus those that did not.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Design</h3> <p>Retrospective, multi-institutional study from 2009 to 2019.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Setting</h3> <p>Four university teaching hospitals.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Animals</h3> <p>Six hundred twenty-two total occurrences of FUO in 575 cats.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Interventions</h3> <p>None.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3> <p>Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for pertinent information. The overall prevalence of severe anemia (PCV < 0.20 L/L [<20%]) at presentation was 1.0% (6/622). The prevalence of RBC transfusions during hospitalization was 2.1% (13/622). Cats that received an RBC transfusion weighed significantly less than those that did not (4.9 vs 5.8 kg; <i>P</i> = 0.034) and had a lower PCV at presentation (0.30 L/L [30%] vs 0.41 L/L [41%]; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Hospitalization time (240 vs 72 h) and indwelling urinary catheter time (168 vs 48 h) were significantly longer in cats receiving a transfusion compared with those that did not (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Creatinine concentrations were not significantly associated with transfusion administration, while BUN was higher in cats receiving a transfusion (15.35 mmol/L [43 mg/dL] vs. 11.78 mmol/L [33 mg/dL]; <i>P</i> = 0.043). Transfusion rates were significantly higher in cats undergoing perineal urethrostomy (5.5%) compared with those that did not undergo surgery (0.97%; <i>P</i> < 0.001). The overall survival to discharge rate was 96%. Cats not receiving an RBC transfusion were significantly more likely to survive to discharge than those that did (odds ratio: 14.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–37; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>FUO is rarely associated with severe anemia and the need for RBC transfusions. In this study, cats receiving an RBC transfusion were less likely to survive to discharge; therefore, requiring a blood transfusion may be associated with a worse prognosis. In addition, the need for surgical intervention was associated with a higher prevalence of RBC transfusi
{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of the prevalence and risk factors associated with red blood cell transfusions in cats with urethral obstruction (2009–2019): 575 cases","authors":"Francesca P. Solari DVM, Megan A. Mickelson DVM, DACVS, James Bilof DVM, Adesola Odunayo DVM, MS, DACVECC, Jourdan B. McPhetridge DVM, Valery F. Scharf DVM, MS, DACVS, Lingnan Yuan, Jonathan P. Mochel DVM, MSc, PhD, DECVPT, Rebecca A. Walton DVM, DACVECC","doi":"10.1111/vec.13378","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13378","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the prevalence of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and factors associated with the need for transfusion in cases of feline urethral obstruction (FUO). Secondarily, to compare survival to discharge in cats receiving an RBC transfusion versus those that did not.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, multi-institutional study from 2009 to 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four university teaching hospitals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six hundred twenty-two total occurrences of FUO in 575 cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for pertinent information. The overall prevalence of severe anemia (PCV < 0.20 L/L [<20%]) at presentation was 1.0% (6/622). The prevalence of RBC transfusions during hospitalization was 2.1% (13/622). Cats that received an RBC transfusion weighed significantly less than those that did not (4.9 vs 5.8 kg; <i>P</i> = 0.034) and had a lower PCV at presentation (0.30 L/L [30%] vs 0.41 L/L [41%]; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Hospitalization time (240 vs 72 h) and indwelling urinary catheter time (168 vs 48 h) were significantly longer in cats receiving a transfusion compared with those that did not (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Creatinine concentrations were not significantly associated with transfusion administration, while BUN was higher in cats receiving a transfusion (15.35 mmol/L [43 mg/dL] vs. 11.78 mmol/L [33 mg/dL]; <i>P</i> = 0.043). Transfusion rates were significantly higher in cats undergoing perineal urethrostomy (5.5%) compared with those that did not undergo surgery (0.97%; <i>P</i> < 0.001). The overall survival to discharge rate was 96%. Cats not receiving an RBC transfusion were significantly more likely to survive to discharge than those that did (odds ratio: 14.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–37; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FUO is rarely associated with severe anemia and the need for RBC transfusions. In this study, cats receiving an RBC transfusion were less likely to survive to discharge; therefore, requiring a blood transfusion may be associated with a worse prognosis. In addition, the need for surgical intervention was associated with a higher prevalence of RBC transfusi","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 3","pages":"262-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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