Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis最新文献

{"title":"RUSLE and SDR Model Based Sediment Yield Assessment in a GIS and Remote Sensing Environment: A Case Study of Koga Watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"H. Gelagay","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000239","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion and the subsequent sedimentation are the major watershed problems in Ethiopia. Removal of top fertile soil, siltation of Koga irrigation reservoir, clogging of irrigation canal by sediment and reduction of irrigated land are the major threat of Koga watershed. Hence, this study was attempted to assess and map the spatial distribution of sediment yield of Koga watershed in a GIS and remote sensing environment. Sediment yield is dependent on factors of soil erosion such as rainfall erosivity, soil erodibilty, land use land cover (C and P) and topography (LS) and sediment delivery ratio of the drainage basin to the total amount of sediment yield by sheet and channel erosion. RUSLE framed with GIS and Remote sensing technique was therefore employed to assess the amount of soil loss existed in KW. Main stream channel slope based sediment delivery ratio analysis was also carried out. Soil map (1:250,000), Aster DEM (30 × 30 m), Thematic Mapper (TM) image (30 m × 30 m) of the year 2013, thirteen years (2000-2013) rainfall records from four rain gauge stations and topographic map (1:50,000) were the major data used. The estimated mean annual SY delivered to the out let of KW was found to be 25 t ha-1year-1. Most critical sediment source areas are situated in the steepest upper part of the watershed due to very high computed soil loss and sediment delivery ratio in this part. It could be therefore difficult to attain the intended goal of Koga irrigation reservoir positioned at lower part of the watershed. Sustainable land management practices have to be conducted in the upper part of the watershed by taking each stream order as a management unit to increase the storage capacity, and/or lessen the transportation capacity of the watershed. Proper drainage construction and stream bank stabilization via vegetative cover have to widely implement to safely dispose the eroded sediment.","PeriodicalId":17605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76616076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Water Quality of Bizerte Lagoon of Tunisia by Use of Statistical Analyses","authors":"H. Jamila, B. Mouldi, G. Moncef","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000237","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the impact of different sources of stress (natural and human related) on water quality in a coastal lagoon (Bizerte, Tunisia). Impacts have been assessed through both surface and bottom water samples that were analysed for a range of chemical parameters. Results indicate that nutrient concentrations were generally high throughout the column especially during the rainy season. This period generally corresponds to intensive vertical mixing and massive discharge from rivers inflows. Concentrations were generally relatively high at the surface. The data structure is identified by the first three principal components explaining 68% of the total variance. Cluster analysis showed two different groups of similarity between the sampling sites reflecting the different physico-chemical characteristics and pollution levels of the studied water.","PeriodicalId":17605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89423968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Oxygen Budget of a Polluted Tropical River","authors":"U. Bhan, A. Dwivedi","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000235","url":null,"abstract":"Rivers are highly vulnerable water bodies to pollution due to their roles in assimilating or carrying off the municipal and industrial wastewater and run-off from agricultural land in their vast drainage basins. This paper analyzed the effluents discharged from industries contain chemicals which directly affect the parameters of the water. Present study deals with the investigation of monthly as well as seasonal variations of selected parameters in river Ami, which is a prime river in Gorakhpur, India. BOD 5 test measures the oxygen demand biodegradable pollutants whereas the COD tests measure the oxygen demand of oxidizable pollutants. These tests have its widest application in measuring waste loadings to treatment plants. The maximum value of BOD 5 was recorded to be 188 mg/l while COD was recorded to be 370 mg/l during summer and DO was completely absent during most part of the year.","PeriodicalId":17605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82507313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated Impact of Intensification of Irrigation on Indian Monsoon Rainfall and Surface Fluxes","authors":"A. Lodh","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000233","url":null,"abstract":"Using Bio-sphere Atmosphere Transfer scheme (BATS) coupled regional climate model (RegCM4) the impact of intensification of irrigation on Indian monsoon atmospheric circulations and surface fluxes is being studied. Land use/land cover change is performed in the model to study the design or sensitivity experiments. This is implemented by changing the vegetation/landuse type in the model. Impact of increase in irrigation activity over Central India and Northwestern region of India is still an open question and hence it is attempted to answer them in this research work. In the first irrigation sensitivity experiment, vegetation/land-use types have been modified to “irrigated crop” type along districts of Central India, Indo-Gangetic plain and northern parts of India, in the RegCM4 model to test the hypothesis that whether-“increase in irrigation decreases monsoon (JJAS) precipitation over certain regions of India and increases pre-monsoon (MAM) precipitation”. Simulations suggest that increase in irrigation over Indian monsoon domain has altered the Indian summer (JJAS) monsoon by weakening it at regional scale over various regions due to probable weakening of the temperature contrast between land and sea. Increase in irrigation over the central India causes a decrease (increase) in sensible heat flux (latent heat flux, surface pressure) in summer monsoon season. To further test the hypothesis that the northwestern region of India is a hotspot for land atmosphere interactions and to test the impact of irrigation intensification over northwestern region of Indian subcontinent, on Indian summer monsoon another sensitivity experiment with irrigation intensification over northwestern regions of India is performed using RegCM4. This experiment suggests that irrigation impact or sensitivity on soil moisture; surface fluxes are limited to northwestern region of Indian subcontinent. Simulations performed at higher (50 km) resolution shows increase in precipitation during pre-monsoon season over northwestern regions of India, too. The Indian monsoon circulations are a part of global general atmospheric circulations periodic in nature and any form of vegetation impact study is a complex process. Thus, from the irrigation sensitivity experiments (using a regional climate model) it can be concluded that due to increase in irrigated land over India, pre-monsoon (MAM) precipitation increase particularly over Central and northwestern regions of India, with the development of anomalous cyclonic circulations.","PeriodicalId":17605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84884407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater Potential in the Central Part of Al Jabal Al Akhdar Area, NE Libya","authors":"E. Mm, M. Mh","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000238","url":null,"abstract":"Al Jabal Al Akhda in the north-eastern part of Libya represents a region with promising ecological underpinning for grazing and other agricultural developments. In its central part, groundwater in the karstified Eocene and Upper Cretaceous limestone aquifer is the main source of water for drinking, agriculture, and grazing, and there is now considerable groundwater extraction. The groundwater potential was studied based the available literature and inquiries to water institutions in Libya, with responsibility to identify and classify the main resources and preview their status to highlight the major issues regarding resources management and their sustainability. Furthermore, a complete database for about 112 water wells drilled in the period 2003-2009 was used for the evaluation of the two aquifers. In this research, the hydrogeological methods will be integrated with the Geographic Information System (GIS) that played a main role in highlighting the spatial characteristics of the groundwater system. The results indicate that the depth to water for the Upper Cretaceous aquifer ranges from 150 m to 458 m, and the piezometric surface decreases from over 500 m (m.s.l) in the northern parts of the study area to -20 m (m.s.l) in southeastern part. Salinity ranges between 303 and 1329 mg/l indicating that groundwater belongs to the slightly fresh water class. In the Eocene aquifer, the depth to groundwater ranges from 120 m to 290.5 m and the potentiometric level decreases gradually southwards from 220 m (m.s.l) to -51 m (m.s.l) and characterized by steep slope in the southeastern part of the study area, where the aquifer characterized by relatively high productivity (specific capacity ranges between 10.08 and 332.3 m2/day). The groundwater salinity within this aquifer ranges between 198 and 2800 mg/l (fresh to brackish water class). The annual average rainfall (from 280 mm to 500 mm) plays a significant role in the recharge of the two aquifers. The priority of groundwater quality and potentiality increases towards the central and northern portions of the concerned area.","PeriodicalId":17605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75759451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Physicochemical and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the Desert Sands of Algeria to be Used in Water Treatment","authors":"Kendouci Ma, B. Kharroubi, S. Mebarki, A. Bendida","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000243","url":null,"abstract":"In the Sahara sand dunes extend over large areas and seem to be an obstacle in the infrastructure of the urban development of the Sahara and an ecological barrier called desertification. We are interested in the sand filtration technique, as an essential phase for the water pretreatment, such processes are recognized as well-suited to rural areas, since they have a good quality treatment, a simple and relatively low maintenance operation. Knowing that the region of Bechar (1000 km from the capital) is a sandy area, preliminary work as the sand of Beni Abbes was taken as the filter bed. The goal is the development of this material abandonment in our region. It follows from the work at the laboratory scale, the studied sand has favorable characteristics for their use as filter bed, we can say that it is a fine sandy soil textures of an effective diameter (d10) of 0.17 mm and a uniformity coefficient (Cu) of 1.76, as well as their very low permeability of the sand which is in the range of 7.26 × 10-4 ms-1. Chemical analysis carried out on the overall fraction sand us to provide qualitative and quantitative information on the chemical composition of the sample. The results obtained indicate that the sand sample contains no manganese, the presence of aluminum and calcium iron oxide may be an indicator of the presence of these elements in different forms. Calcium oxide has important levels reached 1.15% and very probably due to the presence of calcite (CaCO3), quartz is the most represented mineral considered insoluble portion 97%.","PeriodicalId":17605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78837131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Surface Storage Facility for Liquid Radioactive Waste: AddressingSafety Justification Challenges","authors":"Utkin Ss, Linge","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000234","url":null,"abstract":"The Techa Cascade of water reservoirs (TCR) is one of the most environmentally challenging facilities resulted from FSUE “PA Mayak” operations. Its reservoirs hold over 360 mln m3 of liquid radioactive waste with a total activity of some 5∙1015 Bq which is about 0.1% of the total radioactivity released from the Chernobyl accident and occupy an area equivalent to roughly the size of 7,000 football fields. A set of actions implemented under a special state program involving the development of a strategic plan aimed at complete elimination of TCR challenges (Strategic Master-Plan for the Techa Cascade of water reservoirs) resulted in considerable reduction of potential hazards associated with this facility. The report summarizes the key elements of this master-plan: defining the facility’s final state, feasibility study of the main strategies aimed at its attainment, evaluation of relevant long-term action plans, development of computational tools enabling the long-term forecast of TCR behavior depending on various engineering solutions and different weather conditions.","PeriodicalId":17605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis","volume":"81 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90087151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zooplankton Diversity, Species Richness and their Distribution Pattern in Bhimtal Lake of Kumaun Region, (Uttarakhand)","authors":"Shikha Panwar, M. Ds","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000219","url":null,"abstract":"Bhimtal Lake situated in Uttarakhand, India, and has been devastated due to anthropogenic activities. In this study we examined the diversity and distribution pattern of zooplanktons in the Bhimtal Lake, along with evaluation of the relationships among different zooplankton groups and abiotic factors during the period September, 2013 to August, 2014. Sampling was done seasonally, during summer, winter and monsoon seasons, at three sites in Bhimtal lake. Sample analysis revealed the presence of 29 species of zooplankton including 16 species of Rotifers, 8 species of Cladocera and 5 species of Copepods. Rotifera group was the most dominant among all three groups. Positive co-relation was found between zooplankton growth with water temperature and pH while, there growth was adversely affected with increasing alkalinity, nitrates and dissolved oxygen. The diversity of Rotifers, Cladocera and Copepods were highest during summer, and was lowest during winter, while their density and biomass were found to be highest at the surface water during summer. It can be stated that the tropic nature of Bhimtal Lake may have been changed to mesotrophic conditions.","PeriodicalId":17605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83455873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Jupiter’s Synchrotron Emission from Relativistic Electron Trapped in Jovian Magnetosphere","authors":"Shubha Singh, Ajay Singh, R. Singh","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000218","url":null,"abstract":"The relativistic electron energy in few MeV range, trapped in the Jovian magnetosphere emit electromagnetic waves in wide radio frequency domain which escapes the generation region and propagates towards the Earth’s atmosphere. The flux density of the emission is a function of the electron distribution (spatial and angular), the energy spectrum of the electron, the magnetic field strength and configuration. The measured spectral power density of high energetic electrons and its distribution with frequency can be used to find out the distribution of relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere having the range LJ =3 Jovian radius. In present communication the variation of radiated power per electron with energy through the synchrotron radiation process have been shown and discussed. The simulated flux density is compared with corresponding recent emitted radio spectrum data available from Cassinni flyby. The investigation enables us to explain the mechanism and characteristic properties of Jovian magnetosphere.","PeriodicalId":17605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88087456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid Mine Drainage in Chile: An Opportunity to Apply Bioremediation Technology","authors":"Johanna Obreque-Contreras, Danilo Pérez-Flores, P. Gutierrez, P. Chávez-Crooker","doi":"10.4172/2157-7587.1000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000215","url":null,"abstract":"The use of micro organisms for heavy metal remediation in water is a technique widely studied. This review describes a number of methods used for Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) remediation, containing high concentration of this type of contaminant. The AMD is a problem generated in abandoned mines and low grade stock of active mines, therefore it is an existing problem in mining countries. In this review it is described the problem in Chile, regulations and the challenge to resolved this problem for a sustainable industrial future.","PeriodicalId":17605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Waste Water Treatment and Analysis","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78739162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}