Pub Date : 1966-04-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662351
J. Chabert, J. Diemunsch, A. Banderet, J. Meybeck
The sorption isotherms of several fibres, of different types and structures, have been determined by a gravinietric method. The experiniental results obtained can be used in the confirmation of the equations of Hailwood and Horrobin, which were obtained by considering fibre–water systems as solutions of water in the disordered regions of the polymer, the ordered regions being regarded as inert elements dispersed throughout the polymer. A study of the variation in moisture regain as a function of time has been made over very long periods for cellulosic, polyamide, and polyester fibres. This has allowed a determination to be made of the accuracy that one can attribute to the parameters of the equation when account is taken of supplementary information from a knowledge of the hysteresis. On the other hand, measurements of the heat of wetting of fibres previously conditioned at different relative humidities have shown that the heats depend only on the actual value of the moisture content and not on the route ...
{"title":"16—THE APPLICATION OF SORPTION AND CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS TO THE STUDY OF FIBRE STRUCTURE","authors":"J. Chabert, J. Diemunsch, A. Banderet, J. Meybeck","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662351","url":null,"abstract":"The sorption isotherms of several fibres, of different types and structures, have been determined by a gravinietric method. The experiniental results obtained can be used in the confirmation of the equations of Hailwood and Horrobin, which were obtained by considering fibre–water systems as solutions of water in the disordered regions of the polymer, the ordered regions being regarded as inert elements dispersed throughout the polymer. A study of the variation in moisture regain as a function of time has been made over very long periods for cellulosic, polyamide, and polyester fibres. This has allowed a determination to be made of the accuracy that one can attribute to the parameters of the equation when account is taken of supplementary information from a knowledge of the hysteresis. On the other hand, measurements of the heat of wetting of fibres previously conditioned at different relative humidities have shown that the heats depend only on the actual value of the moisture content and not on the route ...","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82981166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1966-04-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662354
H. Stout
{"title":"Drying of Continuous Tow by Forced Convection during the Falling-rate Period","authors":"H. Stout","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89516461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1966-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662346
H. Stout
{"title":"The Application of the First and Third Asymptotic Distributions to Abrasion Fatigue and Repeated Extension of Yarns and to Bending of Fabrics","authors":"H. Stout","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662346","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86450984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1966-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662348
G. Wray
{"title":"A Rapid Method of Measuring Yarn Diameters","authors":"G. Wray","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87132549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1966-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662341
H. G. David, V. Burgmann
Two bales of scoured wool, one being fairly homogeneous in regain and the other having considerable variation, were cored from each end in a regular predetermined pattern, three different sizes of coring tool being used. The regain of each of the 162 cores of each size was determined separately. The means and variances for corresponding groups of cores of the three sizes were calculated and examined for differences between the sizes. No significant differences were found. The variances for the two bales were very different and may be used as a guide to the number of cores required for determination of regain within specified confidence limits in similar bales.
{"title":"10—PRESSURE-CORING AS A SAMPLING TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE REGAIN OF SCOURED WOOL","authors":"H. G. David, V. Burgmann","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662341","url":null,"abstract":"Two bales of scoured wool, one being fairly homogeneous in regain and the other having considerable variation, were cored from each end in a regular predetermined pattern, three different sizes of coring tool being used. The regain of each of the 162 cores of each size was determined separately. The means and variances for corresponding groups of cores of the three sizes were calculated and examined for differences between the sizes. No significant differences were found. The variances for the two bales were very different and may be used as a guide to the number of cores required for determination of regain within specified confidence limits in similar bales.","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73877513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1966-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662342
W. Parkin, P. Townend
An account is given of the effect on the streakiness of coloured worsted yams of the use of different blending techniques, levelling colours, and different counts. The yarns were knitted into fabrics, and the streakiness of the fabrics was assessed by a panel of judges, whose ranking of the fabrics was analysed statistically. It is shown that the number of doublings employed during drawing has no effect on fabric streakiness. No difference in streakiness was observed between yams spun on a high-draft system and those spun on a conventional system. When pre-mixing was omitted, decreasing the weights of slivers and increasing their number produced only a slight improvement in the degree of mix, and maintaining an orderly arrangement of slivers behind the gill-box by means of special sliver guides led to only a slight improvement. Card-mixing is shown to be a valuable mixing technique that deserves serious consideration. The inclusion in a blend of additional components whose colours are intermediate to the ...
{"title":"11—ASSESSMENT OF BLENDING TECHNIQUES IN WORSTED-YARN PRODUCTION PART I: FACTORS AFFECTING STREAKINESS","authors":"W. Parkin, P. Townend","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662342","url":null,"abstract":"An account is given of the effect on the streakiness of coloured worsted yams of the use of different blending techniques, levelling colours, and different counts. The yarns were knitted into fabrics, and the streakiness of the fabrics was assessed by a panel of judges, whose ranking of the fabrics was analysed statistically. It is shown that the number of doublings employed during drawing has no effect on fabric streakiness. No difference in streakiness was observed between yams spun on a high-draft system and those spun on a conventional system. When pre-mixing was omitted, decreasing the weights of slivers and increasing their number produced only a slight improvement in the degree of mix, and maintaining an orderly arrangement of slivers behind the gill-box by means of special sliver guides led to only a slight improvement. Card-mixing is shown to be a valuable mixing technique that deserves serious consideration. The inclusion in a blend of additional components whose colours are intermediate to the ...","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85949425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1966-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662343
M. Sharafeldin
An investigation is described in which the wool characteristics of the Caucasian merino sheep were compared with those of the Fleisch merino under semi-arid environmental conditions. Tests made on wool from 157 Fleisch merino ewes and 72 Caucasian merino ewes showed that the Fleisch merino had a significantly lower greasy-fleece weight, longer staple and fibre lengths, a higher number of crinips, coarser fibres, and higher strength and extensibility than the Caucasian merino. However, both breeds had an almost identical clean-wool percentage. The age of the sheep proved to have a significant effect on greasy-fleece weight, clean-wool percentage, fibre length, and number of crimps but no significant effect on staple length, fibre diameter, fibre strength, and fibre extensibility.
{"title":"12—A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE WOOL CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO MERINO BREEDS UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS","authors":"M. Sharafeldin","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662343","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation is described in which the wool characteristics of the Caucasian merino sheep were compared with those of the Fleisch merino under semi-arid environmental conditions. Tests made on wool from 157 Fleisch merino ewes and 72 Caucasian merino ewes showed that the Fleisch merino had a significantly lower greasy-fleece weight, longer staple and fibre lengths, a higher number of crinips, coarser fibres, and higher strength and extensibility than the Caucasian merino. However, both breeds had an almost identical clean-wool percentage. The age of the sheep proved to have a significant effect on greasy-fleece weight, clean-wool percentage, fibre length, and number of crimps but no significant effect on staple length, fibre diameter, fibre strength, and fibre extensibility.","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84147926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1966-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662345
T. Bailie, J. Spencer-Smith
{"title":"‘Bound’ and ‘Free’ Water in Hydrophilic Fibres as Indicated by ‘X’-band Microwave Absorption","authors":"T. Bailie, J. Spencer-Smith","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77851411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1966-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662344
D. Kenyon
More use is currently being made of large nylon cords in the tyre industry to enable the number of carcass plies in giant tyres to be reduced, so that lower tyre-production costs can be achieved. This paper describes laboratory experiments designed to increase existing knowledge of how these large cords perform compared with the smaller cords now widely used. A simple definition of cord angle is presented to enable the required twist levels of large cords to be quickly and easily determined. In the description of experiments to determine how large cords can best be handled during dipping, drying, and stretching, there is a comparison of the constant-tension and constantstretch methods of cord-stretching. The adhesion to rubber of a range of nylon cords is assessed.
{"title":"13—PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF NYLON 6.6 TYRE CORDS LARGER THAN THOSE OF CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION","authors":"D. Kenyon","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662344","url":null,"abstract":"More use is currently being made of large nylon cords in the tyre industry to enable the number of carcass plies in giant tyres to be reduced, so that lower tyre-production costs can be achieved. This paper describes laboratory experiments designed to increase existing knowledge of how these large cords perform compared with the smaller cords now widely used. A simple definition of cord angle is presented to enable the required twist levels of large cords to be quickly and easily determined. In the description of experiments to determine how large cords can best be handled during dipping, drying, and stretching, there is a comparison of the constant-tension and constantstretch methods of cord-stretching. The adhesion to rubber of a range of nylon cords is assessed.","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"6 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88648094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1966-02-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662338
C. A. Anderson, G. Wood
An Alfa–Laval sludge-discharge centrifuge, type FVK4, has been used to determine the effects of different variables on the recovery of grease from woolscouring liquors. The percentage recovery was independent of temperature in the range 57–82°C and of feed-rate in the range 1000–1400 gal/hr but was inversely proportional to the gravity-disk diameter. In general, the machine was inefficient at settings that gave very low or very high concentrations of grease in the product, the optimum concentration being 15 ± 5%. A procedure for adjusting the centrifuge for optimum production is given.
{"title":"7—INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CENTRIFUGING OF WOOL-SCOURING LIQUORS FOR WOOL-GREASE RECOVERY PART I: THE PRIMARY CENTRIFUGE","authors":"C. A. Anderson, G. Wood","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662338","url":null,"abstract":"An Alfa–Laval sludge-discharge centrifuge, type FVK4, has been used to determine the effects of different variables on the recovery of grease from woolscouring liquors. The percentage recovery was independent of temperature in the range 57–82°C and of feed-rate in the range 1000–1400 gal/hr but was inversely proportional to the gravity-disk diameter. In general, the machine was inefficient at settings that gave very low or very high concentrations of grease in the product, the optimum concentration being 15 ± 5%. A procedure for adjusting the centrifuge for optimum production is given.","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76158714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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