Pub Date : 1965-12-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026508662325
W. S. Simpson
Young's modulus has been measured for several types of keratin fibre by a variety of means, including ‘static’ or load–extension methods, an oscillating beam, and an oscillating-fibre cantilever, As a result of these measurements, it is concluded that the Young's modulus for extension of the fibre as obtained from the low-frequency oscillating beam is a little higher than that obtained from ‘static’ measurements and that the difference may be accounted for by contributions from work-hardening effects and by practical differences at very definition of the modulus as well as by the small frequency-dependence at very low frequencies. Young's modulus for bending, on the other hand, cannot be reconciled with simple extension results. High-frequency longitudinal results are also different from the low-frequency values reported here, presumably because, in the high-frequency case, only the very strongest chemical bonds are involved, whereas, for relatively low-frequency measurements, weaker bonds associated with...
{"title":"51—A COMPARISON OF METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF YOUNG'S MODULUS FOR KERATIN FIBRES","authors":"W. S. Simpson","doi":"10.1080/19447026508662325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026508662325","url":null,"abstract":"Young's modulus has been measured for several types of keratin fibre by a variety of means, including ‘static’ or load–extension methods, an oscillating beam, and an oscillating-fibre cantilever, As a result of these measurements, it is concluded that the Young's modulus for extension of the fibre as obtained from the low-frequency oscillating beam is a little higher than that obtained from ‘static’ measurements and that the difference may be accounted for by contributions from work-hardening effects and by practical differences at very definition of the modulus as well as by the small frequency-dependence at very low frequencies. Young's modulus for bending, on the other hand, cannot be reconciled with simple extension results. High-frequency longitudinal results are also different from the low-frequency values reported here, presumably because, in the high-frequency case, only the very strongest chemical bonds are involved, whereas, for relatively low-frequency measurements, weaker bonds associated with...","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89338077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-12-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026508662326
C. Slesser, D. Cleland
The well-known drying equation is regarded as empirical. An argument is developed to show that in certain circumstances, such as fibre-drying, it has a sound basis, and experimental results from a continuous-flow dryer support this. Thus, when the mass-transfer coefficient from drying surface to gas stream may be evaluated, and data on equilibrium moisture contents at a range of humidities are available, the drying time may be calculated for the falling-rate period.
{"title":"52—THE DRYING OF CONTINUOUS TOW BY FORCED CONVECTION DURING THE FALLING-RATE PERIOD","authors":"C. Slesser, D. Cleland","doi":"10.1080/19447026508662326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026508662326","url":null,"abstract":"The well-known drying equation is regarded as empirical. An argument is developed to show that in certain circumstances, such as fibre-drying, it has a sound basis, and experimental results from a continuous-flow dryer support this. Thus, when the mass-transfer coefficient from drying surface to gas stream may be evaluated, and data on equilibrium moisture contents at a range of humidities are available, the drying time may be calculated for the falling-rate period.","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85557293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-12-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026608662347
A. Barella
The application of the first and third asymptotic distributions to the statistical interpretation of fatigue testing of materials has been postulated previously and some contributions concerning certain tests on synthetic-polymer filaments and yarns have been published. In the present work, an attempt is made to widen the application of these distributions to resistance to abrasion and to fatleue by the repeated extension of yarns and to fatigue by the repeated bending of fabrics the hrst and second of these phenomena, the first asymptotic distribution gives a good tit, whereas, for the resistance of yarns to repeated extensions, Weibull's distribution, or the third asymptotic distribution, is the one that seems to give better results, although its application in a general sense is actually satisfactory in all the cases considered. The method of operation of the measuring instrument used which involves complex actions, can justify the observation that, in some cases, one distribution seems to be more conv...
{"title":"The Appllication of the First and Third Asymptotic Distributions to Abrasion Fatigue and Repeated Extension of Yarns and to Bending of Fabrics—Reply","authors":"A. Barella","doi":"10.1080/19447026608662347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026608662347","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the first and third asymptotic distributions to the statistical interpretation of fatigue testing of materials has been postulated previously and some contributions concerning certain tests on synthetic-polymer filaments and yarns have been published. In the present work, an attempt is made to widen the application of these distributions to resistance to abrasion and to fatleue by the repeated extension of yarns and to fatigue by the repeated bending of fabrics the hrst and second of these phenomena, the first asymptotic distribution gives a good tit, whereas, for the resistance of yarns to repeated extensions, Weibull's distribution, or the third asymptotic distribution, is the one that seems to give better results, although its application in a general sense is actually satisfactory in all the cases considered. The method of operation of the measuring instrument used which involves complex actions, can justify the observation that, in some cases, one distribution seems to be more conv...","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80401253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-12-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026508662323
H. R. Chipalkatti, A. Sule, K. Juneja, M. Aggarwal
It is shown that pigments present in the suint are responsible for canary coloration in Indian raw wools. These pigments enter the fibre when the grease content is low. The grease content of the fibre and the pigment content of the suint undergo a periodic change, and hence the canary coloration recurs periodically in certain breeds of sheep. Although alkali damage has been observed in the canary-coloured fleeces no correlation was found between the intensity of the canary stain and the alkalinity of the suint.
{"title":"49—SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CANARY COLORATION IN INDIAN RAW WOOLS","authors":"H. R. Chipalkatti, A. Sule, K. Juneja, M. Aggarwal","doi":"10.1080/19447026508662323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026508662323","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that pigments present in the suint are responsible for canary coloration in Indian raw wools. These pigments enter the fibre when the grease content is low. The grease content of the fibre and the pigment content of the suint undergo a periodic change, and hence the canary coloration recurs periodically in certain breeds of sheep. Although alkali damage has been observed in the canary-coloured fleeces no correlation was found between the intensity of the canary stain and the alkalinity of the suint.","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73707298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-12-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026508662329
A. Bayes
{"title":"The Stress-Strain Properties of Multi-ply Cords","authors":"A. Bayes","doi":"10.1080/19447026508662329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026508662329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90072998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-12-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026508662328
R. Guirgis
{"title":"Smoky Swelling in the Birthcoats of Various Breeds of Sheep","authors":"R. Guirgis","doi":"10.1080/19447026508662328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026508662328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80594986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-12-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026508662327
R. G. Owalekar
{"title":"Combing Ratios as Measures of Fibre-hooking","authors":"R. G. Owalekar","doi":"10.1080/19447026508662327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026508662327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83290392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-11-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026508662321
E. Rodwell, E. T. Renbourn, J. Greenland, K. W. Kenchington
This paper gives the historical background of sorption heat in textile materials and makes an appreciation of the physics of the phenomenon, together with its physiological implications. Details are given both of the laboratory evaluation of the ‘comfort’ properties of the fabrics or garments used and of a series of physiological investigations aimed at assessing the value of sorption heat to the wearer. The physiological experiments were performed on groups of men wearing clothing assemblies of matched construction made from fihres having very large differences in regain characteristics, namely, wool and Terylene. The conditions under which experiments were made were as follows: at rest in simulated environments (indoor conditions 68°F (20°0) and 43% r.h., outdoor damp–cold at 43°F (6·1°C and 93% r.h.; as in (1) with a 5-miles/hr turbulent wind; sweating from work in a cool environment (58°F (14·4°C) and 50% r.h.); a sweating slightly at rest in a hot–dry environment (88°F (31·l°C) and 26% r.h.) and then...
{"title":"48—AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUE OF SORPTION HEAT IN CLOTHING ASSEMBLIES","authors":"E. Rodwell, E. T. Renbourn, J. Greenland, K. W. Kenchington","doi":"10.1080/19447026508662321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026508662321","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives the historical background of sorption heat in textile materials and makes an appreciation of the physics of the phenomenon, together with its physiological implications. Details are given both of the laboratory evaluation of the ‘comfort’ properties of the fabrics or garments used and of a series of physiological investigations aimed at assessing the value of sorption heat to the wearer. The physiological experiments were performed on groups of men wearing clothing assemblies of matched construction made from fihres having very large differences in regain characteristics, namely, wool and Terylene. The conditions under which experiments were made were as follows: at rest in simulated environments (indoor conditions 68°F (20°0) and 43% r.h., outdoor damp–cold at 43°F (6·1°C and 93% r.h.; as in (1) with a 5-miles/hr turbulent wind; sweating from work in a cool environment (58°F (14·4°C) and 50% r.h.); a sweating slightly at rest in a hot–dry environment (88°F (31·l°C) and 26% r.h.) and then...","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81274237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-11-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026508662322
D. Clegg
{"title":"Correlation between Floor Trials on Carpets and Tests on WIRA Dynamic Loading Machine","authors":"D. Clegg","doi":"10.1080/19447026508662322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026508662322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87910372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-11-01DOI: 10.1080/19447026508662319
G. Cusick
The dependence of the drape of fabrics on bending stiffness and shear stiffness has been investigated. A version of the Fabric Research Laboratories Drapemeter is described, and the drape coefficient obtained is used as a measure of the fabric drape. The regression of the drape coefficient on bending length for a large number of fabrics was highly significant, and the addition of shear stiffness to the regression made a highly significant difference. The regression equations provide the relations between the variables for the conditions used. Theoretical values of drape coefficient for zero shear stiffness were lower than the measured values.
{"title":"46—THE DEPENDENCE OF FABRIC DRAPE ON BENDING AND SHEAR STIFFNESS","authors":"G. Cusick","doi":"10.1080/19447026508662319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19447026508662319","url":null,"abstract":"The dependence of the drape of fabrics on bending stiffness and shear stiffness has been investigated. A version of the Fabric Research Laboratories Drapemeter is described, and the drape coefficient obtained is used as a measure of the fabric drape. The regression of the drape coefficient on bending length for a large number of fabrics was highly significant, and the addition of shear stiffness to the regression made a highly significant difference. The regression equations provide the relations between the variables for the conditions used. Theoretical values of drape coefficient for zero shear stiffness were lower than the measured values.","PeriodicalId":17650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Textile Institute Transactions","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78075854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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