Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.E431
Aldar Arjanova
The population-level burden of HPV-positive OPSCC is currently unidentified and may have important implications to cancer prevention, potentially through HPV vaccination. Therefore, combined molecular epidemiologic methods that use both sensitive and specific laboratory assays with cancer surveillance methods to investigate the changes in the population-level epidemiology of OPSCC in the United States are caused by HPV infection to estimate the historical, current, and future population-level burden of HPV-positive OPSCCs.
{"title":"Awareness of Human papilloma Virus (HPV) and its Toxicity","authors":"Aldar Arjanova","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.E431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.E431","url":null,"abstract":"The population-level burden of HPV-positive OPSCC is currently unidentified and may have important implications to cancer prevention, potentially through HPV vaccination. Therefore, combined molecular epidemiologic methods that use both sensitive and specific laboratory assays with cancer surveillance methods to investigate the changes in the population-level epidemiology of OPSCC in the United States are caused by HPV infection to estimate the historical, current, and future population-level burden of HPV-positive OPSCCs.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75947351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.435
Z. Almoosa, H. Alhamoud, A. Alkhalaf, W. Alabdullah, J. A. Alghafli, M. S. Albensaad, Z. Y. Alghazal
Background: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel Coronavirus strain Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a pandemic. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the COVID-19 outbreak is a public health emergency of international concern. The lockdown across the countries has resulted in a postponement of routine immunization programs following the recommendations of maintaining a physical distance. Delay of routine pediatric vaccinations, even for a short duration will result in an increased likelihood of vaccine-preventable. The primary objective of this research is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the routine childhood vaccination coverage rate in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study through an online questionnaire. The targeted population was both male and female adults who have children at the age of vaccinations who are residents of the eastern region of Saudi Arabia during the period between July 2020 and September 2020. Results: 494 respondents participated in this study. 378 of them have children. 76.5% of them have Children had vaccination schedule during COVID-19 pandemic. 66.9 vaccinated their children. 33.1% of parents their children did not receive vaccines during COVID-19. 82.8% of parents think vaccines should be given at its time even during the COVID pandemic. Conclusion: One out of every three children has missed their routine vaccinations during the COVID-19. The pool of unimmunized children is expanding during the lockdown, making them susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. Most of the parent knows the importance of routine pediatric vaccinations.
{"title":"Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Routine Pediatric Vaccination in Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Z. Almoosa, H. Alhamoud, A. Alkhalaf, W. Alabdullah, J. A. Alghafli, M. S. Albensaad, Z. Y. Alghazal","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.435","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel Coronavirus strain Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a pandemic. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the COVID-19 outbreak is a public health emergency of international concern. The lockdown across the countries has resulted in a postponement of routine immunization programs following the recommendations of maintaining a physical distance. Delay of routine pediatric vaccinations, even for a short duration will result in an increased likelihood of vaccine-preventable. The primary objective of this research is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the routine childhood vaccination coverage rate in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study through an online questionnaire. The targeted population was both male and female adults who have children at the age of vaccinations who are residents of the eastern region of Saudi Arabia during the period between July 2020 and September 2020. Results: 494 respondents participated in this study. 378 of them have children. 76.5% of them have Children had vaccination schedule during COVID-19 pandemic. 66.9 vaccinated their children. 33.1% of parents their children did not receive vaccines during COVID-19. 82.8% of parents think vaccines should be given at its time even during the COVID pandemic. Conclusion: One out of every three children has missed their routine vaccinations during the COVID-19. The pool of unimmunized children is expanding during the lockdown, making them susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. Most of the parent knows the importance of routine pediatric vaccinations.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81579151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.11.7.440
S. Noor, Shabnam Sambyal, S. Ismail, N. Chirmule
Viruses have evolved by surviving in hosts over millions of years. The human immune system has also co-evolved to counter the escape mechanisms of viruses. Each virus has a unique and specific mechanism of causing disease. SARS-COV2 has emerged as a newly mutated virus that has resulted in a world-wide pandemic. Understanding immunobiology of viruses provides information on developing diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. We have reviewed and summarized the pathogenesis of four viruses that have emerged as causative agents for endemics in the past decade. Dengue, Chikungunya, Nipah and Zika viruses i) are transmitted by different intermediate animal hosts, ii) infect cells through different receptors, iii) induce a diverse range of symptoms, iv) which are treated with specific and symptomatic therapies, and v) various proteins expressed by the viruses used as antigens for diagnosis and development of vaccines. The nature of the immune response to these viruses involves innate, cell mediated and humoral immunity, and several proteins of these viruses have been implicated in protective versus pathogenic responses. We have summarized and provided recent references for the current understanding of SARS-COV2 virus and immunological immune responses, and listed similarities and difference in characteristics to these four viruses. This systematic analysis of these viruses will enable the understanding the requirements and anticipate challenges in development of novel diagnostics, therapies, and vaccines for COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Emerging Viruses to Inform Development of Safe and Effective Vaccines for COVID-19","authors":"S. Noor, Shabnam Sambyal, S. Ismail, N. Chirmule","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.11.7.440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.11.7.440","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses have evolved by surviving in hosts over millions of years. The human immune system has also co-evolved to counter the escape mechanisms of viruses. Each virus has a unique and specific mechanism of causing disease. SARS-COV2 has emerged as a newly mutated virus that has resulted in a world-wide pandemic. Understanding immunobiology of viruses provides information on developing diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. We have reviewed and summarized the pathogenesis of four viruses that have emerged as causative agents for endemics in the past decade. Dengue, Chikungunya, Nipah and Zika viruses i) are transmitted by different intermediate animal hosts, ii) infect cells through different receptors, iii) induce a diverse range of symptoms, iv) which are treated with specific and symptomatic therapies, and v) various proteins expressed by the viruses used as antigens for diagnosis and development of vaccines. The nature of the immune response to these viruses involves innate, cell mediated and humoral immunity, and several proteins of these viruses have been implicated in protective versus pathogenic responses. We have summarized and provided recent references for the current understanding of SARS-COV2 virus and immunological immune responses, and listed similarities and difference in characteristics to these four viruses. This systematic analysis of these viruses will enable the understanding the requirements and anticipate challenges in development of novel diagnostics, therapies, and vaccines for COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85522925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.424
Pierre Teodosio Felix
Therapies with new drugs have been appearing in tests worldwide as potential inhibitors of sars-cov-2 virus replication. Recently, one of these drugs, Ivermectin, was reported as an inhibitor of the nuclear import of HIV-1 proteins in vitro, soon becoming the target of an international prospecting work (not yet published), with patients tested for COVID-19. However, understanding the evolutionary aspects of the biological components involved in the complex drug-nuclear import helps in understanding how these relationships exist in the deactivation of viral infections. Thus, 153 sequences of the HIV-1 integrase gene were analyzed for their genetic structure and molecular diversity and the presence of two distinct groups for the Gene and not only one was detected as well as different degrees of structuring for each of these groups. These results support the interpretation of the lack of conservation of the HIV-1 gene and that the number of existing polymorphisms, only for this structure of the complex, implies the non-efficiency of a drug at population levels. Thus, the molecular diversity found in HIV-1 can be extrapolated to other viruses, such as Including, SARS-CoV-2 and the functionality of the drug, interacting with the integrase-importin complex, can be further decreased.
{"title":"Evaluation of Diversity Levels of the Integrase Gene Sequences Coming from HIV-1 Virus, Supporting the Lack of Target Specificity of Ivermectin vs. the Integrase-Importin Complex in SARS-COV-2 Infection","authors":"Pierre Teodosio Felix","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.424","url":null,"abstract":"Therapies with new drugs have been appearing in tests worldwide as potential inhibitors of sars-cov-2 virus replication. Recently, one of these drugs, Ivermectin, was reported as an inhibitor of the nuclear import of HIV-1 proteins in vitro, soon becoming the target of an international prospecting work (not yet published), with patients tested for COVID-19. However, understanding the evolutionary aspects of the biological components involved in the complex drug-nuclear import helps in understanding how these relationships exist in the deactivation of viral infections. Thus, 153 sequences of the HIV-1 integrase gene were analyzed for their genetic structure and molecular diversity and the presence of two distinct groups for the Gene and not only one was detected as well as different degrees of structuring for each of these groups. These results support the interpretation of the lack of conservation of the HIV-1 gene and that the number of existing polymorphisms, only for this structure of the complex, implies the non-efficiency of a drug at population levels. Thus, the molecular diversity found in HIV-1 can be extrapolated to other viruses, such as Including, SARS-CoV-2 and the functionality of the drug, interacting with the integrase-importin complex, can be further decreased.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77942384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.20.S5:004
P. Kum-Nji
The importance of global group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization during pregnancy is briefly reviewed in this short article. About 20% all pregnant women worldwide are colonized with this organism necessitating the use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) in order to prevent neonatal GBS disease. In some geographic regions rates of colonization are as high as 35%. Such a high rate of IAP is shown to be concerning because of childhood adverse effects. We briefly summarize 5 main childhood adverse outcomes from IAP which include antibiotic resistance, the development of various atopic diseases, dysbyosis, obesity, and impaired immune function. Finally, the article clearly lists 4 reasons why a GBS vaccine is specifically urgently needed in order to curb the often unnecessary if not dangerous use of IAP to prevent against the onset of neonatal GBS disease. It is hoped that such a vaccine could reduce the rate of IAP from a high of 40% to a low of 10%.
{"title":"Group B Streptococcal Colonization and Intrapartum Antibiotics: Why a Vaccine is Urgently Needed","authors":"P. Kum-Nji","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.20.S5:004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.20.S5:004","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of global group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization during pregnancy is briefly reviewed in this short article. About 20% all pregnant women worldwide are colonized with this organism necessitating the use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) in order to prevent neonatal GBS disease. In some geographic regions rates of colonization are as high as 35%. Such a high rate of IAP is shown to be concerning because of childhood adverse effects. We briefly summarize 5 main childhood adverse outcomes from IAP which include antibiotic resistance, the development of various atopic diseases, dysbyosis, obesity, and impaired immune function. Finally, the article clearly lists 4 reasons why a GBS vaccine is specifically urgently needed in order to curb the often unnecessary if not dangerous use of IAP to prevent against the onset of neonatal GBS disease. It is hoped that such a vaccine could reduce the rate of IAP from a high of 40% to a low of 10%.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"16 1","pages":"19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91149983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.20.S7:E003
Montserrat Sanmart
Crohn's disease may be a sort of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammation of your alimentary canal, which may cause abdominal pain, severe diarrhoea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition. Inflammation caused by regional enteritis can involve different areas of the alimentary canal in several people. A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the liner of the alimentary canal. Crohn's disease can sometimes cause lifethreatening complications. Crohn's disease can cause abdominal pain, diarrhoea, weight loss, anaemia and fatigue. Some people could also be symptom-free most of their lives, while others can have severe chronic symptoms that never get away. Crohn's disease can't be cured. Medications like steroids and immunosuppressant’s are wont to slow the progression of disease. If these aren't effective, a patient may require surgery. Additionally, patients with regional enteritis may have to receive regular screening for colorectal cancer thanks to increased risk.
{"title":"Pathophysiology of Crohn’s Disease","authors":"Montserrat Sanmart","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.20.S7:E003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.20.S7:E003","url":null,"abstract":"Crohn's disease may be a sort of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammation of your alimentary canal, which may cause abdominal pain, severe diarrhoea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition. Inflammation caused by regional enteritis can involve different areas of the alimentary canal in several people. A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the liner of the alimentary canal. Crohn's disease can sometimes cause lifethreatening complications. Crohn's disease can cause abdominal pain, diarrhoea, weight loss, anaemia and fatigue. Some people could also be symptom-free most of their lives, while others can have severe chronic symptoms that never get away. Crohn's disease can't be cured. Medications like steroids and immunosuppressant’s are wont to slow the progression of disease. If these aren't effective, a patient may require surgery. Additionally, patients with regional enteritis may have to receive regular screening for colorectal cancer thanks to increased risk.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89746998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.20.S5.E001
J. Pérez
Vaccine is an organic solution which provides immunity against certain infectious diseases. It consists of a biological agent to simulate a disease causing microorganism and a weaker form of microbes, toxins or its surface proteins. These agents recognize any foreign particle entering into the body and indicate it as a threat in order to destroy it. Vaccine improves the active immunity against harmful agents. Vaccines also provide antibodies already released in another host. The administration includes parenteral administration, oral and sometimes nasal form. Vaccine research is made possible with the help of biotechnology department. Due to the innovative studies regarding vaccines, vaccine development has been made possible for many infectious and dreadful diseases. The development of vaccine takes several steps.
{"title":"Vaccine Research and Development","authors":"J. Pérez","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.20.S5.E001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.20.S5.E001","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccine is an organic solution which provides immunity against certain infectious diseases. It consists of a biological agent to simulate a disease causing microorganism and a weaker form of microbes, toxins or its surface proteins. These agents recognize any foreign particle entering into the body and indicate it as a threat in order to destroy it. Vaccine improves the active immunity against harmful agents. Vaccines also provide antibodies already released in another host. The administration includes parenteral administration, oral and sometimes nasal form. Vaccine research is made possible with the help of biotechnology department. Due to the innovative studies regarding vaccines, vaccine development has been made possible for many infectious and dreadful diseases. The development of vaccine takes several steps.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90750215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.415
Thabelo Makhupane, A. B. Nwako
Background: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) causes severe birth defects and is preventable. In line with the global vision for measles and rubella elimination, Lesotho introduced the measles-rubella (MR) vaccine into the routine immunization schedule in February 2017. The aim of the study was to show the burden of CRS in Lesotho before the introduction of the rubella vaccine. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was extracted from several sources at Queen Mamohato Memorial Hospital including inpatient, outpatient, electronic and laboratory records as well as expert interviews. Files of infants less than 12 months with CRS during the period January 2012 to December 2016 were selected. Results: There were five laboratory and 4 clinically confirmed CRS cases. One case also had Cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection. Mohales’ Hoek district had the highest number of cases (33.3%). Six of the districts had at least one case of CRS within the study period. There were no cases in 4 districts. Most (56%) of the CRS cases were reported in 2015. We were unable to determine the incidence of CRS in Lesotho in this study. Conclusion: The detection of 9 CRS cases in Lesotho over the period under review is of high public health importance.There is an immunity gap among mothers of child bearing age which shows an opportunity for future immunization. Prospective CRS case-based surveillance would be useful in determining accurate estimates of the burden of CRS and the impact of the introduction of rubella-containing vaccine into the routine immunization schedule.
{"title":"The Burden of Disease from Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Lesotho","authors":"Thabelo Makhupane, A. B. Nwako","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.415","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) causes severe birth defects and is preventable. In line with the global vision for measles and rubella elimination, Lesotho introduced the measles-rubella (MR) vaccine into the routine immunization schedule in February 2017. The aim of the study was to show the burden of CRS in Lesotho before the introduction of the rubella vaccine. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was extracted from several sources at Queen Mamohato Memorial Hospital including inpatient, outpatient, electronic and laboratory records as well as expert interviews. Files of infants less than 12 months with CRS during the period January 2012 to December 2016 were selected. Results: There were five laboratory and 4 clinically confirmed CRS cases. One case also had Cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection. Mohales’ Hoek district had the highest number of cases (33.3%). Six of the districts had at least one case of CRS within the study period. There were no cases in 4 districts. Most (56%) of the CRS cases were reported in 2015. We were unable to determine the incidence of CRS in Lesotho in this study. Conclusion: The detection of 9 CRS cases in Lesotho over the period under review is of high public health importance.There is an immunity gap among mothers of child bearing age which shows an opportunity for future immunization. Prospective CRS case-based surveillance would be useful in determining accurate estimates of the burden of CRS and the impact of the introduction of rubella-containing vaccine into the routine immunization schedule.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"157 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88283774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.416
S. Misra
The crisis of the Covid-19 that we are currently experiencing has been a huge turning point in the life of many of us, but will certainly bring a radical turn in our lives. In broad sense; dimensions of health/disease can be described as; biological, socioeconomic, environmental, cultural, political. While majority of the above dimensions are being studied around the world, some of the less mentioned determinants are; Planets and disease (Astrology), role of Integrative Medicine that mainly focuses on behavior modification and prevention of diseases, role of Alkaline diet to boost immune system, role of life style modification viz; Physical fitness, importance of Sleep, Positive Mind as a major part of spiritual awakening. The current article through light on some of these less talked dimensions. It shall need an integration of various approaches; pharmacological and non- pharmacological and a lot of community participation (more of a community level fight) at community level mostly related to health promotion and specific protection (life style modification and adaptation) so that patients coming to the hospital are reduced so that hospitals are not strained.
{"title":"Integrative Approach Amid COVID-19 Crisis- A Perspective","authors":"S. Misra","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.416","url":null,"abstract":"The crisis of the Covid-19 that we are currently experiencing has been a huge turning point in the life of many of us, but will certainly bring a radical turn in our lives. In broad sense; dimensions of health/disease can be described as; biological, socioeconomic, environmental, cultural, political. While majority of the above dimensions are being studied around the world, some of the less mentioned determinants are; Planets and disease (Astrology), role of Integrative Medicine that mainly focuses on behavior modification and prevention of diseases, role of Alkaline diet to boost immune system, role of life style modification viz; Physical fitness, importance of Sleep, Positive Mind as a major part of spiritual awakening. The current article through light on some of these less talked dimensions. It shall need an integration of various approaches; pharmacological and non- pharmacological and a lot of community participation (more of a community level fight) at community level mostly related to health promotion and specific protection (life style modification and adaptation) so that patients coming to the hospital are reduced so that hospitals are not strained.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81508362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.413
Anirban Dutta, Sonali Sachdeva, A. H. Mahd
Vaccine hesitancy is defined as the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines. The World Health Organization identified Vaccine hesitancy as one of the ‘Ten threats to global health in 2019. Vaccine hesitancy affects not only the individuals but also the society by attributing to a decline in 'Herd Immunity'- a concept central to the success of vaccination campaigns. Despite being refuted by more credible sources, misinformation about vaccines continue to pave way for mistrust upon vaccines, even in economically weaker countries where vaccine coverage is inadequate. Religious beliefs and previous experiences with vaccination influence vaccine seeking behavior. Adverse Events following immunization (AEFI) may be an important factor with respect to newly launched vaccine programs. Numerous strategies have been employed including but not limited to educating target population, employing reminder and follow-up, engaging religious or other influential leaders to promote vaccination, and making vaccination mandatory. While the success of each of these strategies varies from place to place, mandating vaccination has faced some vocal opposition in the past. Vaccine hesitancy is not likely to be noticed by the common healthcare provider unless another disease outbreak attributable to it is noticed. Hence, it is imperative for the medical community to look into this matter with utmost seriousness and identify and devise strategies that cull this dilemma with an approach to understand the lacunae in knowledge or attitude of the recipients.
{"title":"Understanding the Lacunae in Knowledge and Attitude Leading to Vaccine Hesitancy","authors":"Anirban Dutta, Sonali Sachdeva, A. H. Mahd","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.20.11.413","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccine hesitancy is defined as the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines. The World Health Organization identified Vaccine hesitancy as one of the ‘Ten threats to global health in 2019. Vaccine hesitancy affects not only the individuals but also the society by attributing to a decline in 'Herd Immunity'- a concept central to the success of vaccination campaigns. Despite being refuted by more credible sources, misinformation about vaccines continue to pave way for mistrust upon vaccines, even in economically weaker countries where vaccine coverage is inadequate. Religious beliefs and previous experiences with vaccination influence vaccine seeking behavior. Adverse Events following immunization (AEFI) may be an important factor with respect to newly launched vaccine programs. Numerous strategies have been employed including but not limited to educating target population, employing reminder and follow-up, engaging religious or other influential leaders to promote vaccination, and making vaccination mandatory. While the success of each of these strategies varies from place to place, mandating vaccination has faced some vocal opposition in the past. Vaccine hesitancy is not likely to be noticed by the common healthcare provider unless another disease outbreak attributable to it is noticed. Hence, it is imperative for the medical community to look into this matter with utmost seriousness and identify and devise strategies that cull this dilemma with an approach to understand the lacunae in knowledge or attitude of the recipients.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87811452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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