Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-837123/v1
Jingqun Tang, Ziming Ye, Yi Liu, Mengxiao Zhou, Chao Qin
PurposeDefective stem cells have been recognized as being associated with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune cytopenias and myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the differential gene expression profile of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and the molecular mechanisms underlying MG pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the abnormal expression and potential roles and mechanisms of mRNAs in BMMCs among patients with MG with or without thymoma.MethodsTranscription profiling of BMMCs in patients with MG without thymoma (M2) and patients with thymoma-associated MG (M1) was undertaken by using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and disease-related differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).ResultsRNA-Seq demonstrated 60 significantly upregulated and 65 significantly downregulated genes in M2 compared with M1. Five disease-related differentially expressed genes were identified and validated by qRT-PCR analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to predict the functions of aberrantly expressed genes. Recombination activating 1 (RAG1), RAG2, BCL2-like 11, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform and repressor element-1-silencing transcription factor might play roles in MG pathogenesis involving the primary immunodeficiency signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells and forkhead box O signaling pathway.ConclusionThe aberrantly expressed genes of BMMCs in M1 or M2 patients demonstrate the underlying mechanisms governing the pathogenesis of MG.
{"title":"Differential Transcription Profiling in Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Between Myasthenia Gravis Patients With or Without Thymoma","authors":"Jingqun Tang, Ziming Ye, Yi Liu, Mengxiao Zhou, Chao Qin","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-837123/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-837123/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 PurposeDefective stem cells have been recognized as being associated with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune cytopenias and myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the differential gene expression profile of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and the molecular mechanisms underlying MG pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the abnormal expression and potential roles and mechanisms of mRNAs in BMMCs among patients with MG with or without thymoma.MethodsTranscription profiling of BMMCs in patients with MG without thymoma (M2) and patients with thymoma-associated MG (M1) was undertaken by using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and disease-related differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).ResultsRNA-Seq demonstrated 60 significantly upregulated and 65 significantly downregulated genes in M2 compared with M1. Five disease-related differentially expressed genes were identified and validated by qRT-PCR analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to predict the functions of aberrantly expressed genes. Recombination activating 1 (RAG1), RAG2, BCL2-like 11, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform and repressor element-1-silencing transcription factor might play roles in MG pathogenesis involving the primary immunodeficiency signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells and forkhead box O signaling pathway.ConclusionThe aberrantly expressed genes of BMMCs in M1 or M2 patients demonstrate the underlying mechanisms governing the pathogenesis of MG.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89593663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.01.21254755
P. Naaber, A. Lahesaare, L. Truu, A. Soojarv, A. Adamson, K. Beljaev, R. Aamisepp, K. Ratnik
The emerging spread of variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 has been noted in several countries worldwide during last months. VOCs associated with increased transmissibility and morality. Sequencing is the gold standard for investigation of variants, however it is expensive and time-consuming. S-dropout routine monitoring in combination with VOC screening by RT-PCR is a useful tool for VOC surveillance.
{"title":"Rapid screening for variants of concern in routine SARS-CoV-2 PCR diagnostics","authors":"P. Naaber, A. Lahesaare, L. Truu, A. Soojarv, A. Adamson, K. Beljaev, R. Aamisepp, K. Ratnik","doi":"10.1101/2021.04.01.21254755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.01.21254755","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging spread of variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 has been noted in several countries worldwide during last months. VOCs associated with increased transmissibility and morality. Sequencing is the gold standard for investigation of variants, however it is expensive and time-consuming. S-dropout routine monitoring in combination with VOC screening by RT-PCR is a useful tool for VOC surveillance.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"74 1","pages":"26-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77317176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.21.S12.005
I. Brock, A. Maitland
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a heterogeneous syndrome following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of the upper respiratory tract. ln adults, the clinical condition can range from asymptomatic cases to severe acute respiratory syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction. Those at risk of developing COVID-19 related hyperinflammatory syndrome likely had an ineffective, innate immune response to this novel pathogen. Mast cells are associated with the epithelium, contributing to tissue homeostasis and epithelial barrier defense. Equipped with an array of pathogen receptors, mast cells exhibit distinct cytokine profiles, dependent on the tissue and the triggered pathogen receptors. Following viral infections, mast cells produce pro-inflammatory chemical mediators, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, and these cytokines has been shown to be elevated in severe COVID-19 cases. Here, we present a case of a patient with a longstanding history of signs and symptoms, worrisome for a mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), but never had laboratory confirmation of this non-clonal mast cell activation disorder, until she contracted COVID-19. This case illustrates the need to recognize the rate of mast cell activation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, not only to optimize anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy, including the development of vaccine, but to potentially curb the risk of SARS CoV-2 triggered hyperinflammatory syndrome.
{"title":"Mast Cells and COVID-19: a case report implicating a role of mast cell activation in the prevention and treatment of Covid-19","authors":"I. Brock, A. Maitland","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.21.S12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.21.S12.005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a heterogeneous syndrome following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of the upper respiratory tract. ln adults, the clinical condition can range from asymptomatic cases to severe acute respiratory syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction. Those at risk of developing COVID-19 related hyperinflammatory syndrome likely had an ineffective, innate immune response to this novel pathogen. Mast cells are associated with the epithelium, contributing to tissue homeostasis and epithelial barrier defense. Equipped with an array of pathogen receptors, mast cells exhibit distinct cytokine profiles, dependent on the tissue and the triggered pathogen receptors. Following viral infections, mast cells produce pro-inflammatory chemical mediators, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, and these cytokines has been shown to be elevated in severe COVID-19 cases. Here, we present a case of a patient with a longstanding history of signs and symptoms, worrisome for a mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), but never had laboratory confirmation of this non-clonal mast cell activation disorder, until she contracted COVID-19. This case illustrates the need to recognize the rate of mast cell activation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, not only to optimize anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy, including the development of vaccine, but to potentially curb the risk of SARS CoV-2 triggered hyperinflammatory syndrome.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"29 1","pages":"36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76933012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-11DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.21.12.453
S. Brenner, R. Balise
The WHO describes the ‘double burden’ of malnutrition as obesity coexisting with undernutrition. This condition’s increasing prevalence makes it an important disorder to monitor and address. Screening tools exist to evaluate child malnutrition in hospital settings, but few are available to evaluate children elsewhere. This study taught community health workers (CHWs) in Southern Belize to implement the Hasegawa et. al. screening tool for child malnutrition. Data was collected at home visits, mobile clinics and at two rural polyclinics. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the data was analyzed using two tailed t-tests and the Anscombe-Glynn test for kurtosis. 171 child-mother pairs were screened. Of the children screened, 10 met the WHO definition of underweight, 29 met the WHO definition of overweight, and 30 met the WHO definition of stunted. The combination of measured weight and length, expressed as the weight for length z-score, showed a statistically significant increase of 0.83 [95% CL: 0.51 to 1.14, p < 0.0001] with 4% (6/167) of the children showing clinically significant wasting and 17% (29/167) being clinically overweight. The screening tool correctly identified all 10 underweight children. Further modeling is needed to develop an anthropological measure to assess the double burden of malnutrition.
{"title":"Evaluating Child Malnutrition in Southern Belize Using an Anthropologic Screening Tool","authors":"S. Brenner, R. Balise","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.21.12.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.21.12.453","url":null,"abstract":"The WHO describes the ‘double burden’ of malnutrition as obesity coexisting with undernutrition. This condition’s increasing prevalence makes it an important disorder to monitor and address. Screening tools exist to evaluate child malnutrition in hospital settings, but few are available to evaluate children elsewhere. This study taught community health workers (CHWs) in Southern Belize to implement the Hasegawa et. al. screening tool for child malnutrition. Data was collected at home visits, mobile clinics and at two rural polyclinics. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the data was analyzed using two tailed t-tests and the Anscombe-Glynn test for kurtosis. 171 child-mother pairs were screened. Of the children screened, 10 met the WHO definition of underweight, 29 met the WHO definition of overweight, and 30 met the WHO definition of stunted. The combination of measured weight and length, expressed as the weight for length z-score, showed a statistically significant increase of 0.83 [95% CL: 0.51 to 1.14, p < 0.0001] with 4% (6/167) of the children showing clinically significant wasting and 17% (29/167) being clinically overweight. The screening tool correctly identified all 10 underweight children. Further modeling is needed to develop an anthropological measure to assess the double burden of malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74495625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.21.S13.003
Mohammed Manosur, Fatima Abdelazeem, A. Manan, T. Bowden, Y. Asfaw, K. Zessin, S. Babiuk, Maximillian Baumann, Taj Eldien Abdellah, A. Elfadil, G. Ayelet, Mohamed Mansour
Background Sheeppox and goatpox are viral diseases of sheep and goats causing high morbidity and mortality leading to large economic losses for producers. The viruses are transmitted primarily through direct contact between infected animals. Understanding the sero-prevalence, risk factors and producers knowledge of the disease is critical for implementation of control strategies.Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in the Kordofan region, from March to September 2011 using a virus neutralization test (VNT) and ELISA. The serology data was used to identify potential risk factors associated with sheep pox outbreaks. In addition, a questionnaire explored producer’s knowledge about the disease in the Sudan.Results The estimated overall sero-prevalence of sheeppox in the Kordofan region was 73.4% determined by virus neutralization and was prevalent in both South and North Kordofan states at 85% and 64% respectively. However, the seroprevalence determined using ELISA of sheeppox in South and North Kordofan states was 33% and 15% respectively. The risk factors identified were the breed, age, sex, species, movement patterns, herd size and geographic region. The questionnaire revealed that both nomadic and permanent farmers were generally aware of sheeppox as a disease, but most did not have a complete understanding of the disease. Greater than half of producers experienced the disease in the past 2 years and did not have their sheep vaccinated.Conclusions This study illustrates the disease burden of sheeppox in Sudan and demonstrates that for sero- surveillance, VNT is a more sensitive method compared to ELISA for detecting previously infected animals. Further education of producers of the disease and important of vaccination is required to control the disease.
{"title":"Sero-prevalence and risk factors for sheeppox in Kordofan states in Sudan","authors":"Mohammed Manosur, Fatima Abdelazeem, A. Manan, T. Bowden, Y. Asfaw, K. Zessin, S. Babiuk, Maximillian Baumann, Taj Eldien Abdellah, A. Elfadil, G. Ayelet, Mohamed Mansour","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.21.S13.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.21.S13.003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background Sheeppox and goatpox are viral diseases of sheep and goats causing high morbidity and mortality leading to large economic losses for producers. The viruses are transmitted primarily through direct contact between infected animals. Understanding the sero-prevalence, risk factors and producers knowledge of the disease is critical for implementation of control strategies.Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in the Kordofan region, from March to September 2011 using a virus neutralization test (VNT) and ELISA. The serology data was used to identify potential risk factors associated with sheep pox outbreaks. In addition, a questionnaire explored producer’s knowledge about the disease in the Sudan.Results The estimated overall sero-prevalence of sheeppox in the Kordofan region was 73.4% determined by virus neutralization and was prevalent in both South and North Kordofan states at 85% and 64% respectively. However, the seroprevalence determined using ELISA of sheeppox in South and North Kordofan states was 33% and 15% respectively. The risk factors identified were the breed, age, sex, species, movement patterns, herd size and geographic region. The questionnaire revealed that both nomadic and permanent farmers were generally aware of sheeppox as a disease, but most did not have a complete understanding of the disease. Greater than half of producers experienced the disease in the past 2 years and did not have their sheep vaccinated.Conclusions This study illustrates the disease burden of sheeppox in Sudan and demonstrates that for sero- surveillance, VNT is a more sensitive method compared to ELISA for detecting previously infected animals. Further education of producers of the disease and important of vaccination is required to control the disease.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"47 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91212850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.16.21249924
Javier Garcia Garcia de Alcaniz, V. López-Rodas, E. Costas
Abstract An immense scientific effort has been made worldwide due to Covid-19s pandemic magnitude. It has made possible to identify almost 300,000 SARS-CoV-2 different genetic variants, connecting them with clinical and epidemiological findings. Among this immense data collection, that constitutes the biggest evolutionary experiment in history, is buried the answer to what will happen in the future. Will new strains, more contagious than the current ones or resistant to the vaccines, arise by mutation? Although theoretic population genetics is, by far, the most powerful tool we have to do an accurate prediction, it has been barely used for the study of SARS-CoV-2 due to its conceptual difficulty. Having in mind that the size of the SARS-CoV-2 population is astronomical we can apply a discrete treatment, based on the branching process method, Fokker-Plank equations and Kolmogoroffs forward equations, to calculate the survival likelihood through time, to elucidate the likelihood to become dominant genotypes and how long will this take, for new SARS-CoV-2 mutants depending on their selective advantage. Results show that most of the new mutants that will arise in the SARS-CoV-2 meta-population will stay at very low frequencies. However, some few new mutants, significantly more infectious than current ones, will still emerge and become dominant in the population favoured by a great selective advantage. Far from showing a mutational meltdown, SARS-CoV-2 meta-population will increase its fitness becoming more infective. There is a probability, small but finite, that new mutants arise resistant to some vaccines. High infected numbers and slow vaccination programs will significantly increase this likelihood.
{"title":"Sword of Damocles or choosing well. Population genetics sheds light into the future of the COVID-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 new mutant strains.","authors":"Javier Garcia Garcia de Alcaniz, V. López-Rodas, E. Costas","doi":"10.1101/2021.01.16.21249924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.16.21249924","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An immense scientific effort has been made worldwide due to Covid-19s pandemic magnitude. It has made possible to identify almost 300,000 SARS-CoV-2 different genetic variants, connecting them with clinical and epidemiological findings. Among this immense data collection, that constitutes the biggest evolutionary experiment in history, is buried the answer to what will happen in the future. Will new strains, more contagious than the current ones or resistant to the vaccines, arise by mutation? Although theoretic population genetics is, by far, the most powerful tool we have to do an accurate prediction, it has been barely used for the study of SARS-CoV-2 due to its conceptual difficulty. Having in mind that the size of the SARS-CoV-2 population is astronomical we can apply a discrete treatment, based on the branching process method, Fokker-Plank equations and Kolmogoroffs forward equations, to calculate the survival likelihood through time, to elucidate the likelihood to become dominant genotypes and how long will this take, for new SARS-CoV-2 mutants depending on their selective advantage. Results show that most of the new mutants that will arise in the SARS-CoV-2 meta-population will stay at very low frequencies. However, some few new mutants, significantly more infectious than current ones, will still emerge and become dominant in the population favoured by a great selective advantage. Far from showing a mutational meltdown, SARS-CoV-2 meta-population will increase its fitness becoming more infective. There is a probability, small but finite, that new mutants arise resistant to some vaccines. High infected numbers and slow vaccination programs will significantly increase this likelihood.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"os-18 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87199977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.21.12.447
Lin Yi-Yun
Measles virus is a highly contagious virus that can still cause death in developing or unvaccinated countries. The Taiwanese government fully implemented the measles vaccine in 1978. Due to the high vaccinated rate of measles vaccination and the high development of medical care, measles cases have fallen sharply. However, World Health Organization statistics report also pointed out that the number of global measles cases increased by more than 110,000 in 2018, and 89 measles confirmed cases were discovered in Taiwan in the first five months of 2019. The measles antibody efficacy data of 969 healthy MV-vaccinated adolescents were collected and analyzed. This study explores the proportion of effective measles antibody protection in MV-vaccinated generations born in the period between 1998 and 2002 to their age of 16 and 17-years-old. Overall, the prevalence of measles antibody was 57.48% to their aged 16 years and 6 months to 17 years and 5 months old. This study observed the rate of measles antibody protection in modern adolescents is not sufficient even in the country with a high level of vaccination coverage; this may explain the possibility of measles outbreak and can be a basis for future evaluation of adult measles vaccination policy.
{"title":"Status of Measles Antibody Protection and Immune Memory Evaluation for Teenagers in Taiwan","authors":"Lin Yi-Yun","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.21.12.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.21.12.447","url":null,"abstract":"Measles virus is a highly contagious virus that can still cause death in developing or unvaccinated countries. The Taiwanese government fully implemented the measles vaccine in 1978. Due to the high vaccinated rate of measles vaccination and the high development of medical care, measles cases have fallen sharply. However, World Health Organization statistics report also pointed out that the number of global measles cases increased by more than 110,000 in 2018, and 89 measles confirmed cases were discovered in Taiwan in the first five months of 2019. The measles antibody efficacy data of 969 healthy MV-vaccinated adolescents were collected and analyzed. This study explores the proportion of effective measles antibody protection in MV-vaccinated generations born in the period between 1998 and 2002 to their age of 16 and 17-years-old. Overall, the prevalence of measles antibody was 57.48% to their aged 16 years and 6 months to 17 years and 5 months old. This study observed the rate of measles antibody protection in modern adolescents is not sufficient even in the country with a high level of vaccination coverage; this may explain the possibility of measles outbreak and can be a basis for future evaluation of adult measles vaccination policy.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88369678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.21.12.454
Ahmed Ragab Ezz, A. Amoushahi, Amal R. Rashad
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality as well as profound stress on the healthcare systems around the world. In addition to its ability to cause fatal acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, and prolonged recovery times, patients with COVID-19 often require protracted inpatient stays; further stressing inpatient capacity and resources. Despite aggressive efforts and widespread clinical trials, to date there are only limited reports of potential efficacious treatments.
{"title":"Disinfection of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) in Human Respiratory Tract by Controlled Ethanol Vapor Inhalation combined with Asprin","authors":"Ahmed Ragab Ezz, A. Amoushahi, Amal R. Rashad","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.21.12.454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.21.12.454","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality as well as profound stress on the healthcare systems around the world. In addition to its ability to cause fatal acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, and prolonged recovery times, patients with COVID-19 often require protracted inpatient stays; further stressing inpatient capacity and resources. Despite aggressive efforts and widespread clinical trials, to date there are only limited reports of potential efficacious treatments.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80681299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.21.S12.002
R. Gazitúa, J. Briones, C. Selman, F. Villarroel-Espíndola, Adam Aguirre-Ducler, RoxanaGonzalez-Steigmaier, K. Cereceda, M. Mahave, R. Morales, Fern, A. Yarad, Nicolas Yannez, M. Balcells, L. Rojas, B. Nervi, J. Nien, J. Garate, C. Prieto, S. Palma, CarolinaEscobar, Josefina Bascuñan, R. Muñoz, M. Pinto, Daniela Cardemil, Marcelo Navarrete, SoledadReyes, V. Espinosa, Betzabé Rubio, Pedro Ferrer-Rosende, J. Sapunar, H. Marsiglia, ChristianCaglevic
Background: The use of Convalescent Plasma (CP) to treat COVID-19 has shown promising results; however, its effectiveness remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and mortality of CP among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Study design and methods: This multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled clinical trial is currently being conducted at nine hospitals in Chile. Patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 with less than 14 days since symptom onset were eligible. Enrolled patients were classified into four groups: Patients with cancer and severe COVID-19. Patients with cancer and non-severe COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 and patients with non-severe COVID-19 only. The intervention involved two 200-cc. CP transfusions with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers ≥ 1:320 collected from COVID-19-recovered donors Results: 192 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 received CP transfusions. At the first transfusion, 90.6% fulfilled the criteria for severity, and 41.1% required mechanical ventilation. 11.5% of the patients had cancer. Overall, 7-day and 30-day mortality since the first CP transfusion was 5.7% and 16.1% respectively. There were no differences at either time point in mortality between the four groups. Patients on mechanical ventilation when receiving CP had higher mortality rates than those who were not: 22.8% (95% C.I. 14.1-33.6%) vs. 11.5% (95% C.I. 6.3–18.9%) (p=0.037). Overall, 30-day mortality was higher in patients over 65 than in younger patients: 26.7% (95% C.I. 16.1– 39.7%) (p=0.019). Severe adverse events were reported in four patients (2.1%) with an overall transfusion-related lung injury rate of 1.56%. No CP-related deaths occurred. Discussion: CP is safe when used in patients with COVID-19 even when also presenting severity criteria or risk factors. Our mortality rate is comparable to reports from larger studies. Controlled clinical trials are required to determine efficacy. Conclusion: CP is safe when used in the COVID-19 population even for those who present severity criteria and/or risk factors for poor prognosis including cancer. In-depth analyses of the serological and molecular characteristics of CP are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention through controlled clinical trials. Registration: NCT04384588
{"title":"Convalescent Plasma in COVID-19; Mortality-Safety First Results of the Prospective Multicenter FALP 001-2020 Trial","authors":"R. Gazitúa, J. Briones, C. Selman, F. Villarroel-Espíndola, Adam Aguirre-Ducler, RoxanaGonzalez-Steigmaier, K. Cereceda, M. Mahave, R. Morales, Fern, A. Yarad, Nicolas Yannez, M. Balcells, L. Rojas, B. Nervi, J. Nien, J. Garate, C. Prieto, S. Palma, CarolinaEscobar, Josefina Bascuñan, R. Muñoz, M. Pinto, Daniela Cardemil, Marcelo Navarrete, SoledadReyes, V. Espinosa, Betzabé Rubio, Pedro Ferrer-Rosende, J. Sapunar, H. Marsiglia, ChristianCaglevic","doi":"10.35248/2157-7560.21.S12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7560.21.S12.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of Convalescent Plasma (CP) to treat COVID-19 has shown promising results; however, its effectiveness remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and mortality of CP among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Study design and methods: This multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled clinical trial is currently being conducted at nine hospitals in Chile. Patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 with less than 14 days since symptom onset were eligible. Enrolled patients were classified into four groups: Patients with cancer and severe COVID-19. Patients with cancer and non-severe COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 and patients with non-severe COVID-19 only. The intervention involved two 200-cc. CP transfusions with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers ≥ 1:320 collected from COVID-19-recovered donors Results: 192 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 received CP transfusions. At the first transfusion, 90.6% fulfilled the criteria for severity, and 41.1% required mechanical ventilation. 11.5% of the patients had cancer. Overall, 7-day and 30-day mortality since the first CP transfusion was 5.7% and 16.1% respectively. There were no differences at either time point in mortality between the four groups. Patients on mechanical ventilation when receiving CP had higher mortality rates than those who were not: 22.8% (95% C.I. 14.1-33.6%) vs. 11.5% (95% C.I. 6.3–18.9%) (p=0.037). Overall, 30-day mortality was higher in patients over 65 than in younger patients: 26.7% (95% C.I. 16.1– 39.7%) (p=0.019). Severe adverse events were reported in four patients (2.1%) with an overall transfusion-related lung injury rate of 1.56%. No CP-related deaths occurred. Discussion: CP is safe when used in patients with COVID-19 even when also presenting severity criteria or risk factors. Our mortality rate is comparable to reports from larger studies. Controlled clinical trials are required to determine efficacy. Conclusion: CP is safe when used in the COVID-19 population even for those who present severity criteria and/or risk factors for poor prognosis including cancer. In-depth analyses of the serological and molecular characteristics of CP are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention through controlled clinical trials. Registration: NCT04384588","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"9 21 1","pages":"7-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80540198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2167-0269.21.S11.001
Dafeng He, Rong Wang, Chunlei Lu, Shijun Li, Chang-hua Liu, C. Zeng, Zheng Tang
Objective: Complement system is pivotal in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and IgA Nephropathy (IgAN). Few studies have examined the features of patients with IgAN secondary to Psoriasis (IgAN-Pso). The association of serum complement and renal function is unknown. This study was made to investigate the relationship between serum C3 and glomerular filtration rate in patients with IgAN-Pso. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, eighty-five patients with IgAN without evidence of a secondary cause other than psoriasis were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: the serum ≥ 0.9 g/L group (n=56) and the serum <0.9 g/L group (n=29). We used CKD-EPI equation to estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and Empower Stats software to assess the relationship study. Results: Patients with low serum C3 showed lower eGFR level than those with normal serum C3 (88.7 ml/min/1.73 m2 [57.6-107] and 76.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 [51.2-102]). No statistically differences were found in the histological characteristics between the two groups. Univariate analysis showed a positive correlation between serum C3 and eGFR (β =-26.4, 95%CI: -3.4 to 56.1, P=0.086). After adjusting for confounding factors, the positive correlation between serum C3 and eGFR became statistically significant. The eGFR increased by 7.23 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 7.26 ml/min/1.73 m2 with each increase of 0.1 g/ L of serum C3 in the adjustment II and adjustment III model, respectively. The eGFR in patients with low C3 decreased by 27.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 17.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 compared with that in patients with normal C3 levels in the adjustment II and adjustment III model, respectively. Furthermore, curve fitting showed that serum C3 and eGFR had a non-linear positive correlation. Conclusion: Decreased serum C3 was associated with poor renal function in patients with IgAN-Pso, suggesting that complement system could be participated in the pathogenesis of IgAN-Pso.
{"title":"Association of Low Serum Complement 3 with Worse Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with IgA Nephropathy Secondary to Psoriasis","authors":"Dafeng He, Rong Wang, Chunlei Lu, Shijun Li, Chang-hua Liu, C. Zeng, Zheng Tang","doi":"10.35248/2167-0269.21.S11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0269.21.S11.001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Complement system is pivotal in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and IgA Nephropathy (IgAN). Few studies have examined the features of patients with IgAN secondary to Psoriasis (IgAN-Pso). The association of serum complement and renal function is unknown. This study was made to investigate the relationship between serum C3 and glomerular filtration rate in patients with IgAN-Pso. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, eighty-five patients with IgAN without evidence of a secondary cause other than psoriasis were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: the serum ≥ 0.9 g/L group (n=56) and the serum <0.9 g/L group (n=29). We used CKD-EPI equation to estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and Empower Stats software to assess the relationship study. Results: Patients with low serum C3 showed lower eGFR level than those with normal serum C3 (88.7 ml/min/1.73 m2 [57.6-107] and 76.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 [51.2-102]). No statistically differences were found in the histological characteristics between the two groups. Univariate analysis showed a positive correlation between serum C3 and eGFR (β =-26.4, 95%CI: -3.4 to 56.1, P=0.086). After adjusting for confounding factors, the positive correlation between serum C3 and eGFR became statistically significant. The eGFR increased by 7.23 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 7.26 ml/min/1.73 m2 with each increase of 0.1 g/ L of serum C3 in the adjustment II and adjustment III model, respectively. The eGFR in patients with low C3 decreased by 27.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 17.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 compared with that in patients with normal C3 levels in the adjustment II and adjustment III model, respectively. Furthermore, curve fitting showed that serum C3 and eGFR had a non-linear positive correlation. Conclusion: Decreased serum C3 was associated with poor renal function in patients with IgAN-Pso, suggesting that complement system could be participated in the pathogenesis of IgAN-Pso.","PeriodicalId":17656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82859091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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