Background and objectives: Robotic gynecologic surgery has outpaced data showing risks and benefits related to cost, quality outcomes, and patient safety. We aimed to assess how credentialing standards and perceptions of safe use of robotic gynecologic surgery have changed over time.
Methods: An anonymous, online survey was distributed in 2013 and in 2021 to attending surgeons and trainees in accredited obstetrics and gynecology residency programs.
Results: There were 367 respondents; 265 in 2013 and 102 in 2021. There was a significant increase in robotic platform use from 2013 to 2021. Percentage of respondents who ever having performed a robotic case increased from 48% to 79% and those who performed > 50 cases increased from 25% to 59%. In 2021, a greater percentage of attending physicians reported having formalized protocol for obtaining robotic credentials (93% vs 70%, p = 0.03) and maintaining credentialing (90% vs 27%, p < 0.01). At both time points, most attendings reported requiring proctoring for 1 - 5 cases before independent use. Opinions on the number of cases needed for surgical independence changed from 2013 to 2021. There was an increase in respondents who believed > 20 cases were required (from 58% to 93% of trainees and 29% to 70% of attendings). In 2021, trainees were less likely to report their attendings lacked the skills to safely perform robotic surgery (25% to 6%, p < 0.01).
Discussion: Greater experience with robotic platforms and expansion of credentialing processes over time correlated with improved confidence in surgeon skills. Further work is needed to evaluate if current credentialing procedures are sufficient.
Background and objectives: Obesity has increased over the past decade, yet the correlation among body mass index (BMI), surgical outcomes, and the robotic platform are not well established. This study was undertaken to measure the impact of elevated BMI on outcomes after robotic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy.
Methods: We prospectively followed patients who underwent robotic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Regression analysis was utilized to identify significant relationships with BMI. For illustrative purposes, the data are presented as median (mean ± SD). Significance was determined at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: A total of 122 patients underwent robotic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Median age was 68 (64 ± 13.3), 52% were women, and BMI was 28 (29 ± 6.1) kg/m2. One patient was underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), 31 had normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), 43 were overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), and 47 were obese (≥ 30 kg/m2). BMI was inversely correlated with age (p = 0.05) but there was no correlation with sex (p = 0.72). There were no statistically significant relationships between BMI and operative duration (p = 0.36), estimated blood loss (p = 0.42), intraoperative complications (p = 0.64), and conversion to open approach (p = 0.74). Major morbidity (p = 0.47), clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (p = 0.45), length of stay (p = 0.71), lymph nodes harvested (p = 0.79), tumor size (p = 0.26), and 30-day mortality (p = 0.31) were related to BMI.
Conclusion: BMI has no significant effect on patients undergoing robotic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 should not defer proceeding with robotic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. Limited empirical evidence exists in the literature regarding patients with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2, and thus any proposed operative intervention should invoke sufficient planning and preparation.
Background: Hysteroscopy is the gold standard for evaluating intrauterine pathology. The majority of physicians currently perform hysteroscopy in the operating room. Lack of training has been cited as a barrier to performing office hysteroscopy; however, resident training in office hysteroscopy has not yet been evaluated.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey was performed. A validated 17 question survey tool was sent to 297 program directors of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited obstetrics and gynecology residency programs for distribution to their residents. The survey utilized a Likert scale to assess resident interest in learning office hysteroscopy, satisfaction in training, and perceived self-efficacy to perform office hysteroscopy independently upon graduation.
Results: Two hundred and ninety-three obstetrics and gynecology residents responded. Of the respondents, 26.3% reported receiving training in office hysteroscopy. There was no statistically significant difference in training among postgraduate years or program regions. A greater proportion of male residents received training when compared to female residents (42.9% vs. 24.2%, p = 0.019). Ninety-four percent of residents reported interest in learning office hysteroscopy. Satisfaction with hysteroscopy training in the operating room versus the office was 91.1% vs. 11.3% respectively. Of the fourth-year residents, 17.4% felt they could perform office hysteroscopy independently upon graduation and 14.5% reported feeling comfortable performing the procedure.
Conclusions: Residency training in office hysteroscopy is lacking and residents are unprepared to perform the procedure after graduation. Enhanced residency training in office hysteroscopy would likely improve resident comfort and ability to perform office hysteroscopy in practice.
Background: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between intraoperative surgical skill and clinical outcomes.
Methods: Peer-reviewed, original research articles published through August 31, 2021 were identified from PubMed and Embase. From the 1,513 potential articles, seven met eligibility requirements, reporting on 151 surgeons and 17,932 procedures. All included retrospective assessment of operative videos. Associations between surgical skill and outcomes were assessed by pooling odds ratios (OR) using random-effects models with the inverse variance method. Eligible studies included pancreaticoduodenectomy, gastric bypass, laparoscopic gastrectomy, prostatectomy, colorectal, and hemicolectomy procedures.
Results: Meta-analytic pooling identified significant associations between the highest vs. lowest quartile of surgical skill and reoperation (OR: 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23, 0.83), hemorrhage (OR: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.65, 0.68), obstruction (OR: 0.33; 95% CI, 0.30, 0.35), and any medical complication (OR: 0.23, 95% CI, 0.19, 0.27). Nonsignificant inverse associations were noted between skill and readmission, emergency department visit, mortality, leak, infection, venous thromboembolism, and cardiac and pulmonary complications.
Conclusions: Overall, surgeon technical skill appears to predict clinical outcomes. However, there are surprisingly few articles that evaluate this association. The authors recommend a thoughtful approach for the development of a comprehensive surgical quality infrastructure that could significantly reduce the challenges identified by this study.
Background and objectives: To assist in achieving optimal position when deploying over-the-scope (OTS)-clips, the concept of cannulating the defect with a guidewire, backloading the endoscope onto the wire, and firing the OTS-clip over the wire with subsequent wire removal has been demonstrated. The safety of this technique has not been evaluated.
Methods: An ex-vivo porcine foregut model was utilized. Biopsy punches were used to create 3-mm diameter full-thickness gastrointestinal tract defects through which a guidewire was threaded. An endoscope was backloaded over the wire and OTS-clips (OVESCO, Tuebingen, Germany) were fired over the mucosal defect and wire. The wire was removed through the endoscope and the removal difficulty was graded using a Likert scale. This process was repeated for each unique combination of nine OTS-clip types, two wire types, four wire angles, and three tissue types. Statistical analysis included t test and ANOVA.
Results: Two hundred sixteen OTS-clip firings with wire removal attempts were performed with the following Likert score breakdown: 1 - No difficulty (80.6%), 2 - mild difficulty (16.2%), 3 - moderate difficulty (2.3%), 4 - extreme difficulty (0.9%), and 5 - unable to remove (0%). Statistically significant differences were noted in removal difficulty between OTS-clip sizes (p < 0.05). No differences were identified between clip teeth types, wire types, tissue types, and wire angles (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: In this ex-vivo model, the guidewire was successfully removed through the endoscope in all cases. This technique can be employed to facilitate OTS-clip closure of gastrointestinal tract defects, but further study is indicated before wide clinical implementation.
Background and objectives: Bowel deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) management by colorectal resection is a complex procedure. The purpose of the present study is to delineate a meticulous approach to the assessment of the patient, step-wise surgical technique, pre, and postoperative care, and its short-term and long-term outcomes.
Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study done on patients of bowel DIE managed by colorectal resection between January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021.
Results: There was a significant improvement in the symptomatology of patients post-surgery. Our surgical technique is feasible with acceptable short-term and long-term outcomes.
Conclusion: Bowel DIE management can be proficiently executed with a proper diagnostic approach, appropriate surgical expertise with exhaustive pelvic anatomy knowledge especially concerning autonomic nerve plexus.
Background and objectives: Patient counseling for treatment of renal masses is complex. It can be difficult for patients to understand their disease and make treatment decisions when being shown standard black-and-white, two-dimensional computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance images. In a telehealth setting, the patient-physician interaction can be even more challenging. We sought to determine the impact of using digital three-dimensional (3D) models during consultation visits for patients with renal masses.
Methods: Forty-seven patients participating in a consultation visit for renal masses, both in-person and virtual, were shown a digital 3D model comprised of their kidney, renal mass, and key adjacent structures as part of their counseling. Patients then completed a five-question survey to assess the impact of the 3D model on their visit, with a sixth question administered to telehealth patients.
Results: Thirty-five patients undergoing telehealth visits and 12 patients seen in-person were shown the digital 3D model and surveyed. Survey results were universally positive, with all Likert scores > 4.7 (1 - 5 scale). There were no differences between the telehealth and in-person groups. Patients noted the digital 3D model made telehealth visits as effective as in-person visits (average Likert score 4.94).
Conclusion: Counseling for patients with renal masses can be augmented with patient-specific digital 3D models, leading to increased provider loyalty, lower levels of patient anxiety, and better understanding and shared decision making.
Background/objectives: Routine intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains controversial. The primary outcomes of this meta-analysis were detection rates of choledocholithiasis, bile duct injuries (BDI), and missed stones in LCs.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for the time period January 1, 1990 to July 31, 2022. Some studies reported LCs with conversion to open therefore subgroup analysis in BDI rates was performed for studies which included LCs with and without conversion to open. Studies including primary open cholecystectomies were excluded. I2 statistics were used for heterogeneity analysis.
Results: Fourteen studies involving 440659 patients were included. In studies comparing routine and selective IOC policies in LC, 61.1% of patients underwent routine IOC; 38.9% underwent selective IOC. In studies comparing IOC to no IOC in LC, 17.3% of patients had IOC; 82.7% did not. Between the selective and routine IOC groups there was no difference in choledocholithiasis detection rate (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33, p = 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86 - 2.04), no difference in the rate of missed stones (OR = 1.59, p = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.31 - 8.29), and no difference in BDI rates in selective compared to routine IOC (OR = 0.92, p = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.20 - 4.22). There was no difference in the BDI detection rates in LC with and without IOC (OR = 1.12, p = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.52 - 2.38).
Conclusion: This is the largest meta-analysis on this topic to date. There was no statistically significant difference in choledocholithiasis detection, missed stones, or BDI rates in the analyzed groups.
Background and objectives: We aimed to evaluate oncological and functional results of the ultrapreservation anterior-sparing technique in patients with localized prostate cancer.
Methods: In this single-center study, patients with low to intermediate risk prostate cancer, who were treated with the ultrapreservation anterior-sparing technique, were included retrospectively. The oncological and functional outcomes were recorded. After the functional and pathological evaluation in the first month, patients' prostate-specific antigen levels were followed, as well as continence and potency status bimonthly for one year. Continence is defined as no leakage and zero pads for security. Patients' potency was evaluated using the Sexual Health Inventory for Men, with ≥ 17 considered potent.
Results: A total of 118 patients were included in the study. The pathological stage was pT2 in 78% (n = 92) of patients, with pT3 in 22% (n = 26). Surgical margin positivity occurred in 13.5% (n = 16) of patients. No complications were observed intraoperatively. Continence rates were 25.4% after catheter removal, rising to 88.9% in the first month, 91.5% in the third, 93.2% in the fifth, and 95.7% a year later. Thirty-five (40%) of 86 potent patients were potent in the first postoperative month, 48 patients (55.8%) were potent in the third month, and 58 patients (67.4%) were potent in the twelfth. The total complication rate was 8.4%, with no major complications observed.
Conclusion: The ultrapreservation anterior-sparing technique for patients with prostate cancer shows safe, acceptable functional and oncological results in short-term follow-up. However, long-term comparative studies with a larger number of patients are needed.
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