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Variation in Ectotherm Thermal Tolerances With Elevation and Temperature Across Biological Scales 变温动物耐热性随海拔和温度的变化
IF 6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70135
Imran Khaliq, Edward Lavender, Haseeb Kamran, Muhammad Junaid Shahid, Muhammad Sheraz, Muhammad Awais, Mehtab Shabir, Muhammad Yasir, Abdul Hameed, Muhammad Asgher, Abdul Rehman, Maria Riaz, Diana E. Bowler, Christian Hof
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Variation in thermal tolerances along environmental gradients is assumed to follow similar patterns across different biological scales, including within and between species, and across communities. However, this assumption has yet to be tested using comprehensive datasets collected through standardised methodologies.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Southern Asia.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>2017–2019.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Ants, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We quantified the associations between thermal tolerance traits and elevation or temperature at three biological scales (community, broad taxonomic group, and species) along two distinct elevational transects in Southern Asia. In total, we measured thermal tolerances of over 15,000 individuals from 114 arthropod species belonging to four invertebrate taxa (ants, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders). We compared the relationships at each scale using mixed-effects models.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>At the community scale, across all individuals of all species, we found a consistent decline in the values of three thermal tolerance traits (upper tolerance, lower tolerance, and tolerance breadth) with elevation along the Himalayan transect but an increase in the values of upper and lower tolerance along the Sulaiman transect. The relationships of thermal tolerance traits and elevation/temperature varied among the groups and species between the Himalayan and Sulaiman transects. This suggests that factors beyond elevation, including vegetation composition, microclimate, landscape features, and local adaptation, drive observed variation in thermal tolerance traits among and within species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Our study highlights the interplay between thermal physiology and the environment across different habitats and biological scales. Our findings indicate that predicting biodiversity responses to environmental change based on thermal tolerance–environment relationships requires careful consideration of group- and species-level variation. This is essential for improving the accuracy of climate chang
在不同的生物尺度上,包括物种内部和物种之间以及群落之间,热耐受性沿环境梯度的变化被认为遵循相似的模式。然而,这一假设还有待通过标准化方法收集的综合数据集进行检验。LocationSouthern亚洲。时间period2017 - 2019。主要分类群研究蚂蚁、甲虫、蚱蜢和蜘蛛。方法在南亚2个不同海拔样带的3个生物尺度(群落、广义分类类群和种)上量化了耐热性状与海拔或温度的关系。我们总共测量了4种无脊椎动物类群(蚂蚁、甲虫、蚱蜢和蜘蛛)114种节肢动物的15000多只个体的热耐受性。我们使用混合效应模型比较了每个尺度上的关系。结果在群落尺度上,沿喜马拉雅样带的3个热耐受性性状(上耐受性、下耐受性和耐受性宽度)随海拔升高均呈下降趋势,而沿苏莱曼样带的上耐受性和下耐受性均呈上升趋势。喜玛拉雅样带和苏莱曼样带不同类群和种间耐热性状与海拔/温度的关系不同。这表明海拔以外的因素,包括植被组成、小气候、景观特征和局部适应,驱动了物种间和物种内热耐受性状的变化。结论本研究揭示了不同生境和生物尺度的热生理与环境的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明,基于热耐受性-环境关系预测生物多样性对环境变化的响应需要仔细考虑群体和物种水平的变化。这对于提高气候变化对生物多样性影响评估的准确性至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
A Framework for Dynamic Assessment of Terrestrial Ecosystem Condition 陆地生态系统状况动态评价框架
IF 6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70132
Jinyan Yang, Yiqing Guo, Christopher J. Owers, Kate Giljohann, Roozbeh Valavi, Randall Donohue, Kristen J. Williams, Simon Ferrier, Karel Mokany

Aim

The condition of terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., structure, function and composition) has been altered by increasing human pressure globally, affecting biodiversity and the sustainability of services that ecosystems provide. Effective conservation and restoration decisions will be supported by a continuous global fine-scale assessment of changes in ecosystem condition over time.

Innovation

We developed a framework to provide annual ecosystem condition assessment based on remotely sensed ecosystem condition variables. Our conceptually simple approach compares the ecosystem variables of a target site to training sites with known condition. The comparison yields an ecosystem condition score as the similarity to the training sites. This framework provides a way to identify the temporal change in ecosystem condition while accommodating the natural dynamics of ecosystems and the spatial change from alternative natural states of ecosystems.

Main Conclusions

As a case study, we mapped annual ecosystem condition across Australia from 2013 to 2022, using Landsat-derived condition variables at 100 m resolution. Our approach estimated ecosystem condition with high accuracy (RMSE = 0.23), which remained consistent along large environmental gradients. When evaluated against independent field-based observations and other condition maps, our approach showed high agreement and identified the trajectories of ecosystem condition over time for sites with known changes. The case study suggests our approach is a useful tool to assess and monitor annual changes in ecosystem condition at continental scales. Our maps provide the information needed for assessing long-term anthropogenic impacts on ecosystem condition and to support policy, planning and management decisions.

全球人类压力的增加改变了陆地生态系统的状况(即结构、功能和组成),影响了生物多样性和生态系统所提供服务的可持续性。有效的保护和恢复决策将通过对生态系统状况随时间变化的持续的全球精细尺度评估来支持。
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引用次数: 0
Gaps in Global Alien Plant Trait Data and How to Fill Them 全球外来植物性状数据的空白及如何填补
IF 6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70131
Matthias Grenié, Helge Bruelheide, Wayne Dawson, Franz Essl, Mark van Kleunen, Ingolf Kühn, Holger Kreft, Petr Pyšek, Patrick Weigelt, Marten Winter
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Functional traits help to understand the ecological processes underlying biological invasions. The extent to which trait data are available for alien plants at the global scale is unknown. In this study, we assess the availability of trait data and identify global gaps and biases.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Global.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Present.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Vascular plants.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We used the GloNAF database to get a global list of plants naturalised outside their native range and their distributions. We combined data from the four largest trait databases: AusTraits, BIEN, GIFT, and TRY, on which we performed taxonomic and trait harmonisation. We studied the availability of trait data. Then, based on the distribution data, we tested to what extent trait knowledge was driven by ecological and socioeconomic variables.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We found that the species-by-trait matrix (2764 traits for 14,539 species) was only 1.5% complete, with most traits measured for very few species. Only ten traits were available for more than 50% of all alien plants. Four percent of the species lacked all trait data, while 27% of species had data for the three key plant traits: leaf mass per area, seed mass, and plant height. We observed a strong latitudinal gradient in trait knowledge, with tropical regions showing lower trait knowledge than higher latitudes, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Growth form, range size, and invasion status were the strongest predictors of trait knowledge, with widespread, invasive tree species being better recorded than other alien species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>We identified large trait data gaps at a global scale for alien plants, which limits our ability to study functional invasion ecology at large spatial scales. These gaps are partly driven by uneven sampling and a lack of trait data integration across sources. We recommend prioritising the most invasion-relevant traits and coordinating community efforts of plant and invasion scientists to sample them in a standardised way, which could help close these
目的功能性状有助于理解生物入侵背后的生态过程。在全球范围内,外来植物的性状数据可获得的程度是未知的。在本研究中,我们评估了性状数据的可用性,并确定了全球差距和偏差。位置 全球。时间:现在。维管植物的主要分类群。方法利用GloNAF数据库获取全球范围外归化植物及其分布。我们结合了四个最大的性状数据库:AusTraits、BIEN、GIFT和TRY的数据,并对其进行了分类和性状协调。我们研究了性状数据的可用性。然后,基于分布数据,我们测试了性状知识在多大程度上受到生态和社会经济变量的驱动。结果14539个物种的2764个性状的种-性状矩阵只完成了1.5%,大部分性状都是在极少数物种中测量到的。50%以上的外来植物只具备10个性状。4%的物种缺乏所有性状数据,而27%的物种拥有三个关键植物性状的数据:单位面积叶质量、种子质量和植物高度。我们观察到在性状知识上有很强的纬度梯度,热带地区的性状知识比高纬度地区低,特别是在北半球。生长形式、范围大小和入侵状态是性状知识的最强预测因子,广布的入侵树种比其他外来树种更容易被记录。在全球范围内,我们发现了大量的外来植物性状数据缺口,这限制了我们在大空间尺度上研究功能入侵生态学的能力。这些差距部分是由于采样不均匀和缺乏跨来源的性状数据整合。我们建议优先考虑与入侵最相关的特征,并协调植物和入侵科学家的社区努力,以标准化的方式对它们进行采样,这可能有助于缩小这些差距。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping Plant Functional Traits Using Gap-Filled Datasets to Inform Management and Modelling 利用空白填充数据集绘制植物功能性状,为管理和建模提供信息
IF 6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70136
Samuel C. Andrew, Irene Martín-Forés, Greg R. Guerin, David Coleman, Daniel S. Falster, Elizabeth Wenk, Ian J. Wright, Rachael V. Gallagher
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Plant traits are used to describe the functional properties of vegetation that are critical to terrestrial ecosystem services. Functional trait metrics for plant communities can be valuable for modelling important ecosystem properties such as fuel loads and nutrient cycling, future plant diversity and responses to global change. However, the vast scale of plant diversity means collecting trait and distribution data for all species globally is logistically challenging. Here, we evaluate the utilisation of gap-filling methods for providing more comprehensive functional trait metrics for plant communities.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Australia.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Current.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Australian native plants.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Here we use gap-filled species-level functional trait data and species distributions for Australia to map continental scale averages and variability in four core traits related to resource competition, energy budgeting and reproductive investment (maximum height, seed mass, leaf area and leaf mass per area [LMA]). We explore how trait patterns relate to climate (temperature and precipitation) and validate our mapping using comparable trait metrics derived from a network of 747 plot-based plant species inventories across the continent (AusPlots).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Trait maps for maximum height, seed mass and leaf area were strongly and positively correlated, while mean LMA and LMA variability were negatively correlated with other trait means. Biogeographic patterns of trait averages and variability could be mostly explained (78% to 92% of variance) by annual precipitation and mean annual temperature, and their interaction. LMA was an exception, with only 46% of variance in spatial patterns explained.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Similar trait-climate trends from trait maps and plot-based inventories give clarity to an outstanding question of whether trait mapping captures patterns also evident in higher-resolution field-based studies. Our results indicate that trait maps reliably recreate known patterns, albeit at a greater
目的植物性状用于描述对陆地生态系统服务至关重要的植被功能特性。植物群落的功能性状指标对于模拟重要的生态系统特性(如燃料负荷和养分循环)、未来植物多样性和对全球变化的响应具有重要价值。然而,植物多样性的巨大规模意味着收集全球所有物种的性状和分布数据在后勤上具有挑战性。在此,我们评估了空白填补方法的利用,为植物群落提供更全面的功能性状指标。位置 澳大利亚。时间周期当前。主要分类群研究澳大利亚本土植物。方法利用澳大利亚空白填补物种水平的功能性状数据和物种分布,绘制了与资源竞争、能量预算和生殖投资相关的4个核心性状(最大高度、种子质量、叶面积和叶质量[LMA])的大陆尺度平均值和变异图。我们探索了性状模式与气候(温度和降水)的关系,并使用来自整个大陆747个基于样地的植物物种清单网络(AusPlots)的可比性状指标来验证我们的制图。结果最大高度、种子质量和叶面积性状图呈显著正相关,平均LMA和LMA变异率与其他性状图呈显著负相关。年降水量、年平均气温及其相互作用可解释性状平均和变异的生物地理格局(占变异的78% ~ 92%)。LMA是一个例外,只有46%的空间模式差异得到了解释。相似的性状-气候趋势,从性状图和基于图的调查提供了清晰的悬而未决的问题,是否性状图捕获模式也明显在高分辨率的实地研究。我们的研究结果表明,性状图谱可靠地再现了已知的模式,尽管在更大的尺度上,并且可以应用于生态系统动力学建模和其他追求,如保护优先级。
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引用次数: 0
Phylogeny and Climate Jointly Modulate Forest Growth Resistance in Response to Extreme Droughts in Arid Regions 系统发育与气候共同调节干旱区森林对极端干旱的抗性
IF 6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70129
Jitang Li, Zehao Shen, Antonio Gazol, Eryuan Liang, Xuejing Wang, J. Julio Camarero
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Repeated droughts have proven more harmful to forest growth than single extreme droughts. However, the impacts of drought durations on global forests and their underlying drivers remain poorly understood. The drought responses can be evaluated by drought sensitivity (resistance, <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub>) and the post-drought recovery rate (resilience, <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>). Differing drought responses are attributed to the different evolutionary strategies of species, which are shaped by their distinct physiological traits. Given the spatial variability in climate warming rates and aridification, understanding how trees respond to droughts of different characteristics (duration, recurrence, severity) in forested biomes is crucial to forecast productivity trends.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Global.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>1950–2020.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Tree species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>By explicitly considering different drought durations (single-year and multi-year extreme droughts), we assessed drought impacts on the growth of global forests. In addition, the roles played by environmental conditions (climate, soils), stand attributes (age, density), functional traits (wood density, leaf and hydraulic traits), and phylogeny in forest responses to drought were also considered. We used three tree-ring databases (global ITRDB, European GenTree, and tropical data) accounting for 4374 site chronologies during the period 1950–2020, and quantified patterns in tree responses to drought in different climatic regions and biomes, including tropical forests.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>In general, significantly higher <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> and <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> were observed in humid regions. Interestingly, while multi-year extreme droughts caused worse impacts than single extreme droughts on <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>, they did not affect <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> among drought events. Specifically, <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> in arid regions was phylogenetically conserved and largely depended on wood density (WD) and hydraulic safety margin (HSM), while in humid regions, it was closely linked to climate, SLA, and HSM.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>These findings provide new insights on the for
事实证明,反复的干旱比单一的极端干旱对森林生长的危害更大。然而,干旱持续时间对全球森林的影响及其潜在驱动因素仍然知之甚少。干旱响应可以通过干旱敏感性(抗旱性,Rt)和干旱后恢复速率(恢复力,Rs)来评价。不同的干旱反应归因于物种不同的进化策略,这是由它们不同的生理特征决定的。考虑到气候变暖率和干旱化的空间变异性,了解森林生物群系中树木对不同特征(持续时间、复发性、严重程度)干旱的反应,对于预测生产力趋势至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
High-Quality Human Activity Intensity Maps in China From 2000 to 2020 2000 - 2020年中国高质量人类活动强度图
IF 6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70130
Wenqi Xie, Yonghui Yao

Aim

Human activity intensity (HAI) is a crucial metric for quantifying human impacts on ecosystems. It is essential for studying humans' role in macro-ecological processes such as habitat connectivity, ecosystem change and biodiversity loss. However, the lack of high-quality HAI datasets in China has hindered related research. Our goals were to develop an improved method for national HAI mapping and to present a comprehensive HAI assessment in China from 2000 to 2020.

Location

China.

Time Period

2000–2020.

Major Taxa Studied

Terrestrial ecosystem.

Methods

We developed an improved HAI mapping methodology by introducing a comprehensive eight-indicator system covering socio-economic, natural environment and resources dimensions, more rigorous scoring models (e.g., travel time calculation) and a principal component analysis-based indicator overlaying method. China's first spatiotemporally consistent HAI maps from 2000 to 2020 were produced by applying this methodology and using higher temporal resolution and more reliable data than those used in global research.

Results

Our HAI dataset demonstrated significantly improved accuracy, with an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.085; 34% lower than that of the global human footprint product (RMSE = 0.125). Additionally, it outperformed in challenging landscapes, such as rugged terrains, arid regions and natural-human transition zones. The results show between 2000 and 2015, over 620,000 km2 of areas with very low human activity (HAI < 0.5) disappeared, resulting in the fragmentation of natural habitats, particularly in forest ecosystems and grassland ecosystems.

Main Conclusions

We developed a national-scale HAI mapping method framework, by which high-quality HAI datasets for China were produced. Thanks to our HAI product, we revealed details that cannot be reflected in global datasets (e.g., grazing ban) and provided critical insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of human impacts on ecosystems in China. This methodology offers global relevance as a reference model, facilitating human-nature relationship research in other countries.

目的人类活动强度(HAI)是量化人类活动对生态系统影响的重要指标。这对于研究人类在栖息地连通性、生态系统变化和生物多样性丧失等宏观生态过程中的作用至关重要。然而,国内缺乏高质量的HAI数据集,阻碍了相关研究的开展。我们的目标是开发一种改进的国家HAI制图方法,并提出2000年至2020年中国HAI的综合评估。位置 中国。时间:2000-2020年。主要分类群研究陆地生态系统。方法通过引入涵盖社会经济、自然环境和资源维度的综合八指标体系、更严格的评分模型(如旅行时间计算)和基于主成分分析的指标叠加方法,改进了HAI制图方法。中国首张2000 - 2020年时空一致的HAI地图采用该方法制作,使用了比全球研究更高的时间分辨率和更可靠的数据。结果我们的HAI数据集显示出显著提高的准确性,总体均方根误差(RMSE)为0.085;比全球人类足迹产品低34% (RMSE = 0.125)。此外,它在崎岖地形、干旱地区和自然-人类过渡地带等具有挑战性的景观中表现出色。结果表明:2000 - 2015年,人类活动极低区(HAI < 0.5)消失面积超过62万平方公里,导致自然栖息地破碎化,尤其是森林生态系统和草地生态系统。我们开发了一个国家尺度的HAI制图方法框架,通过该框架产生了高质量的中国HAI数据集。由于我们的HAI产品,我们揭示了全球数据集无法反映的细节(例如放牧禁令),并为人类对中国生态系统影响的时空动态提供了重要见解。该方法具有全球相关性,可作为参考模型,为其他国家的人与自然关系研究提供便利。
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引用次数: 0
How Environment Affects Ontogenetic Differences in Leaf Functional Traits of Woody Plants 环境如何影响木本植物叶片功能性状的个体发生差异
IF 6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70133
Ziyan Zhang, Kouki Hikosaka, Ülo Niinemets, Qingmin Han, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Liting Zheng, Dong He, Enrong Yan, Mengguang Han, Guangze Jin, Zhili Liu

Aim

The consistency of patterns in ontogenetic differences in plant traits across the globe has not been thoroughly studied. Environmental conditions affect leaf functional traits, and these effects can differ between adult trees and saplings due to varying environmental conditions in their aerial and soil environments. Our integrative analysis aims to reveal the global universality of woody plants' ontogeny and explores influencing factors.

Location

Global.

Time Period

Studies published in 1989–2023.

Major Taxa Studied

Woody plants.

Methods

We performed a global meta-analysis of woody plants with different plant functional types at 64 sites around the world, assessed the ontogenetic differences in nine key leaf traits and explored the environmental factors that affected the ontogenetic differences.

Results

We observed that (1) leaf traits differed significantly between adult trees and saplings, with environmental factors playing varying roles. Photosynthetic capacity per unit area (Aa) and nitrogen content per unit dry mass (Nm) were lower in saplings than in adults under low solar radiation, but this trend reversed with increased solar radiation. Differences in stomatal density (SD) and stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) between adults and saplings were greatest under low solar radiation; (2) ontogenetic differences in leaf thickness (LT), leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and stomatal conductance (gs) were greater at lower mean annual temperature (MAT); (3) at high mean annual precipitation (MAP), adults had higher nitrogen content per unit area (Na), while saplings had higher Nm than adults; (4) soil conditions were strongly correlated with ontogenetic differences in LT and SD, with soil pH as a key driver of variation in Aa, LT, SD, Na and Nm.

Main Conclusions

Our findings indicate that ontogeny strongly modifies leaf functional traits an

全球植物性状个体发生差异模式的一致性尚未得到充分研究。环境条件影响叶片的功能性状,由于成树和树苗的空气和土壤环境条件不同,这些影响可能会有所不同。我们的综合分析旨在揭示木本植物个体发生的全球普遍性,并探讨其影响因素。
{"title":"How Environment Affects Ontogenetic Differences in Leaf Functional Traits of Woody Plants","authors":"Ziyan Zhang,&nbsp;Kouki Hikosaka,&nbsp;Ülo Niinemets,&nbsp;Qingmin Han,&nbsp;Jeannine Cavender-Bares,&nbsp;Liting Zheng,&nbsp;Dong He,&nbsp;Enrong Yan,&nbsp;Mengguang Han,&nbsp;Guangze Jin,&nbsp;Zhili Liu","doi":"10.1111/geb.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The consistency of patterns in ontogenetic differences in plant traits across the globe has not been thoroughly studied. Environmental conditions affect leaf functional traits, and these effects can differ between adult trees and saplings due to varying environmental conditions in their aerial and soil environments. Our integrative analysis aims to reveal the global universality of woody plants' ontogeny and explores influencing factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies published in 1989–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Woody plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a global meta-analysis of woody plants with different plant functional types at 64 sites around the world, assessed the ontogenetic differences in nine key leaf traits and explored the environmental factors that affected the ontogenetic differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed that (1) leaf traits differed significantly between adult trees and saplings, with environmental factors playing varying roles. Photosynthetic capacity per unit area (<i>A</i><sub>a</sub>) and nitrogen content per unit dry mass (<i>N</i><sub>m</sub>) were lower in saplings than in adults under low solar radiation, but this trend reversed with increased solar radiation. Differences in stomatal density (SD) and stable carbon isotope composition (δ<sup>13</sup>C) between adults and saplings were greatest under low solar radiation; (2) ontogenetic differences in leaf thickness (LT), leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and stomatal conductance (<i>g</i><sub>s</sub>) were greater at lower mean annual temperature (MAT); (3) at high mean annual precipitation (MAP), adults had higher nitrogen content per unit area (<i>N</i><sub>a</sub>), while saplings had higher <i>N</i><sub>m</sub> than adults; (4) soil conditions were strongly correlated with ontogenetic differences in LT and SD, with soil pH as a key driver of variation in <i>A</i><sub>a</sub>, LT, SD, <i>N</i><sub>a</sub> and <i>N</i><sub>m</sub>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that ontogeny strongly modifies leaf functional traits an","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Müllerian Mimicry in Neotropical Butterflies: One Mimicry Ring to Bring Them All and in the Jungle Bind Them 新热带蝴蝶的<s:1>勒勒式模仿:一个模仿环带来所有蝴蝶,在丛林中束缚它们
IF 6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70127
Eddie Pérochon, Neil Rosser, Krzysztof Kozak, W. Owen McMillan, Blanca Huertas, James Mallet, Jonathan Ready, Keith Willmott, Marianne Elias, Maël Doré

Aim

Uncovering the effects of Müllerian mimetic interactions on the evolution of species niches and geographic distributions at a continental scale.

Location

Neotropics and part of Nearctic.

Time Period

19th century to present, with most data collected within the last 30 years.

Major Taxa Studied

Heliconiini (Heliconiinae) and Ithomiini (Danainae) butterfly tribes.

Methods

We leveraged a dataset of 67,563 geolocalized occurrences from fieldwork observations and museum collections to map broad-scale biodiversity patterns of heliconiine butterflies. We tested for congruences and disparities with known Ithomiini biodiversity patterns, a group from which they diverged 86.5 My ago, yet share numerous warning wing colour patterns. We used phylogenetic comparative analyses to test for both the spatial co-occurrence of species with similar aposematic wing patterns and the convergence of their climatic niche within and between tribes.

Results

Both tribes exhibit wide overlap in biodiversity hotspots across the Neotropics, including a high prevalence of rare species and mimetic patterns in the tropical Andes. Ithomiine species dominate Andean communities, while the Amazon basin hosts a higher relative richness of heliconiines. Phenotypically similar species within and between tribes share climatic niches as a result of selection favouring both co-occurrence of look-alike species and convergence of warning signals within local communities.

Main Conclusions

We documented continental-scale spatial and evolutionary associations among species sharing warning signals both within and between tribes separated by 86.5 My of independent evolutionary history. Our results provide empirical evidence for the pervasive effects of mutualistic interactions on biodiversity patterns. Critically, they also emphasise the vulnerability of mimetic communities, bound together by positive interactions, to disassembly induced by climate change.

目的:探讨大陆尺度上勒勒式模拟相互作用对物种生态位和地理分布演化的影响。地理位置:新热带和新北极的一部分。时间从19世纪到现在,大部分数据是在最近30年收集的。主要分类群的研究:蝴蝶科(heliconiini)和蝴蝶科(Ithomiini)。方法利用来自野外观测和博物馆收藏的67,563个地理定位事件数据集,绘制了大尺度的蝶形生物多样性格局。我们测试了已知Ithomiini生物多样性模式的一致性和差异,Ithomiini生物多样性模式是它们在86.5年前分化的一个群体,但它们有许多相同的警告翅膀颜色模式。我们使用系统发育比较分析来测试具有相似警告翼模式的物种在空间上的共发生,以及它们在部落内部和部落之间的气候生态位的趋同。结果两个部落在整个新热带地区的生物多样性热点地区表现出广泛的重叠,包括热带安第斯山脉的稀有物种和模拟模式的高流行率。Ithomiine物种在安第斯群落中占主导地位,而亚马逊盆地拥有相对丰富的heliconiine物种。表型相似的物种在部落内部和部落之间共享气候生态位,这是由于选择有利于相似物种的共同出现和当地社区内警告信号的趋同。我们在大陆尺度上记录了物种之间的空间和进化联系,这些物种在独立进化史中相隔86.5万年的部落内部和部落之间共享警告信号。我们的研究结果为互惠相互作用对生物多样性格局的普遍影响提供了经验证据。至关重要的是,它们还强调了通过积极互动联系在一起的模仿社区在气候变化引起的解体中的脆弱性。
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引用次数: 0
Intraindividual Variability as a Large Source of Trait Variation in Clonal Tundra Dwarf Shrubs Along Elevation and Latitude Gradients 无性系苔原矮灌木沿海拔和纬度梯度性状变异的主要来源——个体内变异
IF 6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70134
Alba Anadon-Rosell, Amanda Casanovas, Manuela Bog, Estela Illa, Jürgen Kreyling, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Josep M. Ninot, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Martin Wilmking
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Intraindividual trait variability (iITV), which is the variability among repeated architectural units within an individual, may represent a crucial dimension of functional diversity in plant eco-evolutionary dynamics. Although inter- and intraspecific trait variability have been widely studied, the extent of iITV remains largely overlooked. Since iITV might be especially relevant in long-lived clonal plants, we investigated sources of trait variability (species, site, clone, ramet, leaf) in tundra clonal dwarf shrubs, particularly focusing on iITV and its potential drivers.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Europe.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>July 2019 to September 2020.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Clonal dwarf shrubs.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We sampled four widespread boreo-alpine clonal dwarf shrub species (<i>Dryas octopetala</i>, <i>Empetrum hermaphroditum</i>, <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> and <i>Vaccinium uliginosum</i>) along elevation gradients in the Pyrenees and along a latitude gradient in Europe. At each site, we selected four clones per species and sampled five ramets per clone. We measured size-architectural traits in each ramet and leaf traits in five leaves per ramet. We quantified interspecific, intraspecific and iITV, investigated the relationship between iITV and both climate and clone structural variables, and compared sampling protocols either accounting for or ignoring iITV.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Although interspecific trait variability was substantial, we found large proportions of iITV within species. Size-architectural traits showed larger iITV (up to 100% of ITV), but leaf traits also showed remarkable values (up to 77%). Our results showed that iITV increased with mean annual temperature for specific leaf area. However, climate and clone structural variables were not predictive for iITV for any other trait.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Our quantification of iITV in clonal dwarf shrubs evidences the importance of this source of variability and its potential ecological implications and emphasises the need to integrate it in sampling protocols, both to avoid bias in
个体内性状变异(iITV)是指个体内重复结构单元之间的变异,可能是植物生态进化动力学中功能多样性的一个重要维度。尽管种间和种内性状变异已被广泛研究,但iITV的程度在很大程度上仍被忽视。由于iITV可能与长寿的无性系植物特别相关,我们研究了冻土带无性系矮灌木性状变异的来源(种、位、无性系、分株、叶片),特别关注iITV及其潜在驱动因素。
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引用次数: 0
A Comprehensive Database of Expert-Curated Occurrences for the Genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae) 一个综合性的专家整理的Carex L.(苏柏科)事件数据库
IF 6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70123
María Sanz-Arnal, Pablo García-Moro, Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Marina Coca-de-la-Iglesia, Angélica Gallego-Narbón, Consolación Barciela, Fabrizio Bartolucci, Prabin Bhandari, Matthew Bradley, Asunción Cano, Antoine Derouaux, Sabina Donadío, Marcial Escudero, Mariela Fabbroni, Kerry A. Ford, Gabriele Galasso, Sebastian Gebauer, M. Socorro González-Elizondo, David Hamon, Matthias H. Hoffmann, Xiao-Feng Jin, Jacob Koopman, Bangze Li, Raúl Lois, Yi-Fei Lu, Modesto Luceño, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Attila Mesterházy, Mónica Míguez, Ana Morales-Alonso, A. Muthama Muasya, Paulo Muñoz-Schüler, Robert F. C. Naczi, Nora Oleas, Luciana Pereira-Silva, Radomír Řepka, Anton A. Reznicek, Katie K. Sanbonmatsu, Enmily Sánchez, Daniel Spalink, Arne Strid, Pieter Vanormelingen, Filip Verloove, Karen L. Wilson, Okihito Yano, Shuren Zhang, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías

Motivation

Geographic occurrences are essential for biodiversity studies, but publicly available repositories like GBIF often contain errors and biases, especially for taxonomically complex groups like Carex L. (Cyperaceae). This work provides an expert-curated global dataset of occurrences compiled from different sources to enhance data accuracy and usability. The final dataset includes 384,067 occurrences of 1790 Carex species.

Main Types of Variables Contained

The dataset includes species occurrence records with geographic coordinates, taxonomic identifications, and curation flags (e.g., introduced, erroneous records).

Spatial Location and Grain

The dataset covers a global scale, using the WGS84 projection. Spatial resolution is standardised to a minimum of three decimal degrees (~1 km, if possible).

Time Period and Grain

Online records span from 1950 to 2020, but some manually georeferenced records are earlier (1850). There is also fieldwork data after 2020, specifically up to 2023.

Major Taxa and Level of Measurement

Cyperaceae: Carex. Most records have species-level identification, and some of them are identified at subspecies or variety levels.

Software Format

Data are supplied as comma-separated values files with UTF-8 encoding.

地理事件对生物多样性研究至关重要,但像GBIF这样的公共数据库经常包含错误和偏差,特别是对于像Carex L. (Cyperaceae)这样的分类复杂的类群。这项工作提供了一个专家策划的从不同来源编译的全球事件数据集,以提高数据的准确性和可用性。最终的数据集包括1790种苔属植物的384,067次出现。
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引用次数: 0
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Global Ecology and Biogeography
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