Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238240
Bozheng Pang, T. Claeys, D. Pissoort, H. Hallez, J. Boydens
In this paper, the impact of the number of devices on the communication interference in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is studied. The reliability of BLE communication in real life is partially revealed, by investigating the channel hopping features inside. The reliability drawbacks inside BLE are raised and they serve as the basis for future improvement. The reliability is analyzed in terms of the time of the first collision and total collision probability. The result shows that both channel selection algorithms (CSAs) from BLE are not able to deal with interference effectively.
{"title":"A Study on the Impact of the Number of Devices on Communication Interference in Bluetooth Low Energy","authors":"Bozheng Pang, T. Claeys, D. Pissoort, H. Hallez, J. Boydens","doi":"10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238240","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the impact of the number of devices on the communication interference in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is studied. The reliability of BLE communication in real life is partially revealed, by investigating the channel hopping features inside. The reliability drawbacks inside BLE are raised and they serve as the basis for future improvement. The reliability is analyzed in terms of the time of the first collision and total collision probability. The result shows that both channel selection algorithms (CSAs) from BLE are not able to deal with interference effectively.","PeriodicalId":178356,"journal":{"name":"2020 XXIX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126874950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238169
D. Nikolov, Borislav Ganev, M. Marinov, Nikolay Nikolov
The exposure of millions of people to high noise levels in urban environments is a serious problem globally. The main source of noise is public transport, especially rail transport. The first step in determining the risk in this context is to conduct studies of the noise levels of major nodes of urban transport systems. This work presents the design and implementation of a smart sensor node for distributed noise pollution monitoring. The measurements with the sensor modules are mainly intended for estimating the noise load of the users of public transport and are made at a tram, subway and bus stops. The first measurement results show that the noise levels in the subway and bus stops may exceed the recommended exposure guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Environment Agency [1]. Based on the measurements, actions can be taken to reduce the noise exposure risk in subway and bus stations.
{"title":"Smart Sensor Node for Distributed Noise Monitoring","authors":"D. Nikolov, Borislav Ganev, M. Marinov, Nikolay Nikolov","doi":"10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238169","url":null,"abstract":"The exposure of millions of people to high noise levels in urban environments is a serious problem globally. The main source of noise is public transport, especially rail transport. The first step in determining the risk in this context is to conduct studies of the noise levels of major nodes of urban transport systems. This work presents the design and implementation of a smart sensor node for distributed noise pollution monitoring. The measurements with the sensor modules are mainly intended for estimating the noise load of the users of public transport and are made at a tram, subway and bus stops. The first measurement results show that the noise levels in the subway and bus stops may exceed the recommended exposure guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Environment Agency [1]. Based on the measurements, actions can be taken to reduce the noise exposure risk in subway and bus stations.","PeriodicalId":178356,"journal":{"name":"2020 XXIX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132259851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238268
D. Dobrev, T. Neycheva
Automatic gain control (AGC) circuits are used in many systems where the amplitude of the input signal can vary over a wide dynamic range. The role of the AGC is to provide relatively constant amplitude of the output signal, regardless of changes in the input signal. This paper presents software automatic gain control (SAGC) designed to stabilize the amplitude of the common mode interference. The described SAGC provides a constant amplitude output signal for software PLL synchronization to the power-line frequency. The presented SAGC has simple structure and can be easily adapted to other signal processing applications where automatic gain control is required.
{"title":"Software Automatic Gain Control for Common Mode Interference Stabilization","authors":"D. Dobrev, T. Neycheva","doi":"10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238268","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic gain control (AGC) circuits are used in many systems where the amplitude of the input signal can vary over a wide dynamic range. The role of the AGC is to provide relatively constant amplitude of the output signal, regardless of changes in the input signal. This paper presents software automatic gain control (SAGC) designed to stabilize the amplitude of the common mode interference. The described SAGC provides a constant amplitude output signal for software PLL synchronization to the power-line frequency. The presented SAGC has simple structure and can be easily adapted to other signal processing applications where automatic gain control is required.","PeriodicalId":178356,"journal":{"name":"2020 XXIX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133217520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238260
Aleksandra Zlatkova, Z. Kokolanski, Dimitar Tashkovski
Swarming of honeybees is one of the biggest problems for the hobbyist-beekeepers. This is a state when old queen bee leaves the hive with worker bees. The aim of this work is to find relation between sound and swarming. The data was collected during the late spring and early summer using microphone that was placed inside the hive. Using the Welch method, implemented in Python, it was proven the relation between the power and swarming.
{"title":"Honeybees swarming detection approach by sound signal processing","authors":"Aleksandra Zlatkova, Z. Kokolanski, Dimitar Tashkovski","doi":"10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238260","url":null,"abstract":"Swarming of honeybees is one of the biggest problems for the hobbyist-beekeepers. This is a state when old queen bee leaves the hive with worker bees. The aim of this work is to find relation between sound and swarming. The data was collected during the late spring and early summer using microphone that was placed inside the hive. Using the Welch method, implemented in Python, it was proven the relation between the power and swarming.","PeriodicalId":178356,"journal":{"name":"2020 XXIX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125618245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238304
G. Nikolov, E. Gieva, B. Nikolova, I. Ruskova
The monitoring and control of soil moisture has always been the subject of attention of both developers of sensor elements and agro-engineers. New developments are available on the market, using different methods, with different functionalities, accuracy and price. This article proposes an innovative approach for non-contact measurement of soil moisture using capacitive flexible sensors. Three different forms of capacitive structures printed with Inkjet technology, silver nanoparticle ink and PET substrate were studied. The results for the change of the capacity and impedance of the structures when the soil moisture changes are presented.
{"title":"Soil Moisture Measurement with Flexible Sensors","authors":"G. Nikolov, E. Gieva, B. Nikolova, I. Ruskova","doi":"10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238304","url":null,"abstract":"The monitoring and control of soil moisture has always been the subject of attention of both developers of sensor elements and agro-engineers. New developments are available on the market, using different methods, with different functionalities, accuracy and price. This article proposes an innovative approach for non-contact measurement of soil moisture using capacitive flexible sensors. Three different forms of capacitive structures printed with Inkjet technology, silver nanoparticle ink and PET substrate were studied. The results for the change of the capacity and impedance of the structures when the soil moisture changes are presented.","PeriodicalId":178356,"journal":{"name":"2020 XXIX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116015983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238322
S. Yaryshev, L. Li, M. Marinov, T. Djamiykov
Due to the aging of civil infrastructure and especially bridges, there is a critical need to monitor and assess the integrity of large structures. Currently, the condition of bridges is assessed mainly by visual inspection and with the help of various traditional sensors such as strain gauges and displacement sensors. These sensors measure only at individual points, which makes it difficult to detect damage that is not close to the sensor. To answer these problems, this work investigates the use of a photogrammetric method for bridge deformation measurement, based on a digital camera as a sensing approach for improved bridge health monitoring.
{"title":"Development of a Digital Camera-Based Method for Bridge Deformation Measurement","authors":"S. Yaryshev, L. Li, M. Marinov, T. Djamiykov","doi":"10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238322","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the aging of civil infrastructure and especially bridges, there is a critical need to monitor and assess the integrity of large structures. Currently, the condition of bridges is assessed mainly by visual inspection and with the help of various traditional sensors such as strain gauges and displacement sensors. These sensors measure only at individual points, which makes it difficult to detect damage that is not close to the sensor. To answer these problems, this work investigates the use of a photogrammetric method for bridge deformation measurement, based on a digital camera as a sensing approach for improved bridge health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":178356,"journal":{"name":"2020 XXIX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122515446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238194
R. Radonov, G. Angelov, R. Rusev
We describe in detail the experience of the Technical University of Sofia in switching to remote teaching as soon as anti-epidemic restrictions was imposed. Remote teaching platform available are tested and implemented in real educational environment on the examples of regular lectures and exams as well as admission exams.
{"title":"Remote Education Applications in the Technical University of Sofia","authors":"R. Radonov, G. Angelov, R. Rusev","doi":"10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238194","url":null,"abstract":"We describe in detail the experience of the Technical University of Sofia in switching to remote teaching as soon as anti-epidemic restrictions was imposed. Remote teaching platform available are tested and implemented in real educational environment on the examples of regular lectures and exams as well as admission exams.","PeriodicalId":178356,"journal":{"name":"2020 XXIX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET)","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124865646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238253
Devina Manoeva, Franziska Gehlmann, Asa Maiwald, Maik Riestock, S. Schmidt
The project AuRa (autonomes Rad, engl. autonomous bicycle) is motivated by the real-world problem of availability and accessibility of bicycles in bike-sharing schemes in urban environments. Autonomous driving offers completely new possibilities to overcome it. With autonomous cargo-bikes as an efficient and ecological mobility solution, we can take a big step towards mobility transition. However, one of the major challenges they will be facing is the ability to interact with other road users as the most vulnerable – pedestrians. Yet, especially in terms of bikes, few studies investigated the timely topic of interaction concepts for autonomous vehicles. With our research in progress, we aim to contribute to research on the interaction of humans and autonomous cargo-bikes and gain findings helpings us design a communication interface for the autonomous bike. To this end, we designed a road interaction-focused approach involving three scientific sections: computer science, design engineering, and environmental psychology. This paper is introducing the overall interdisciplinary approach design including a series of studies for developing an interaction concept via visual and auditive signaling for the autonomous bike. It presents the current research state and some first findings of the research practice.
{"title":"Introducing a road interaction-focused approach towards autonomous driving cargo bikes as a new urban mobility offer","authors":"Devina Manoeva, Franziska Gehlmann, Asa Maiwald, Maik Riestock, S. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238253","url":null,"abstract":"The project AuRa (autonomes Rad, engl. autonomous bicycle) is motivated by the real-world problem of availability and accessibility of bicycles in bike-sharing schemes in urban environments. Autonomous driving offers completely new possibilities to overcome it. With autonomous cargo-bikes as an efficient and ecological mobility solution, we can take a big step towards mobility transition. However, one of the major challenges they will be facing is the ability to interact with other road users as the most vulnerable – pedestrians. Yet, especially in terms of bikes, few studies investigated the timely topic of interaction concepts for autonomous vehicles. With our research in progress, we aim to contribute to research on the interaction of humans and autonomous cargo-bikes and gain findings helpings us design a communication interface for the autonomous bike. To this end, we designed a road interaction-focused approach involving three scientific sections: computer science, design engineering, and environmental psychology. This paper is introducing the overall interdisciplinary approach design including a series of studies for developing an interaction concept via visual and auditive signaling for the autonomous bike. It presents the current research state and some first findings of the research practice.","PeriodicalId":178356,"journal":{"name":"2020 XXIX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125811062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238282
Lubomir Bogdanov
Many microcontrollers nowadays are based on ARM microprocessors that can be debugged through the ARM's Serial Wire Debug (SWD) interface. Flashing targets is also done through it. This paper provides insights of the software and hardware behind a multiplexer that would allow to program multiple targets of the same model and type without the need of writing complex configuration scripts.
{"title":"Multiple Microcontroller Programming Using the SWD Interface","authors":"Lubomir Bogdanov","doi":"10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238282","url":null,"abstract":"Many microcontrollers nowadays are based on ARM microprocessors that can be debugged through the ARM's Serial Wire Debug (SWD) interface. Flashing targets is also done through it. This paper provides insights of the software and hardware behind a multiplexer that would allow to program multiple targets of the same model and type without the need of writing complex configuration scripts.","PeriodicalId":178356,"journal":{"name":"2020 XXIX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128442722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238168
M. Marinov
Fixed monitoring stations are mostly used for air quality monitoring. Unfortunately, they are very expensive both in terms of initial investment and maintenance. Low-cost air quality sensors have emerged as an alternative for measuring basic air quality parameters. They are based on technologies that allow for real-time measurements. However, their use poses some challenges, such as accuracy and longterm stability. The accuracy of these low-cost sensors can be difficult to guarantee as they are often in harsh environments and are more susceptible to environmental impacts than high-end measurement devices. Periodic calibration of sensors has proven to be an effective approach for improving the accuracy of low-cost sensor data and maintaining its reliability when used in sensor networks for long-term monitoring. This article explores approaches to calibrate low-cost sensors used in wireless network applications to measure fine particulate matter concentrations. Some research challenges and directions for future research are presented.
{"title":"In-situ Calibration of Networked Air-Quality Sensor Nodes","authors":"M. Marinov","doi":"10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ET50336.2020.9238168","url":null,"abstract":"Fixed monitoring stations are mostly used for air quality monitoring. Unfortunately, they are very expensive both in terms of initial investment and maintenance. Low-cost air quality sensors have emerged as an alternative for measuring basic air quality parameters. They are based on technologies that allow for real-time measurements. However, their use poses some challenges, such as accuracy and longterm stability. The accuracy of these low-cost sensors can be difficult to guarantee as they are often in harsh environments and are more susceptible to environmental impacts than high-end measurement devices. Periodic calibration of sensors has proven to be an effective approach for improving the accuracy of low-cost sensor data and maintaining its reliability when used in sensor networks for long-term monitoring. This article explores approaches to calibrate low-cost sensors used in wireless network applications to measure fine particulate matter concentrations. Some research challenges and directions for future research are presented.","PeriodicalId":178356,"journal":{"name":"2020 XXIX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET)","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133166854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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