Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献_第4页

Optimization of brick kiln technology and fuel type for cleaner production by comparative assessment of stack emissions and pollution dispersion modeling of selected brick kilns in Lahore 通过对拉合尔部分砖窑烟囱排放和污染扩散模型的对比评估，优化砖窑清洁生产技术和燃料类型

IF 1.1 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100508

Fatima Nawaz , Sajid Rashid Ahmad , Soniya Munir

Brick kilns are among the major sources of air pollution in Pakistan, primarily due to their continued reliance on coal as the dominant fuel. Despite the adoption of modern zig-zag technology by many kilns, coal remains the primary fuel, contributing to substantial emissions. Lahore, one of the most polluted cities globally, hosts a huge number of brick kilns, which is among Pakistan's least regulated industrial sectors. This study assesses and compares pollutant emissions and dispersion from conventional fixed chimney bull's trench kiln (BK1), coal/biomass briquette-fuel brick kiln (BK2), and zig-zag kiln (BK3). Stack emissions were monitored using the Horiba PG-350 analyzer to measure carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_X), and particulate matter (PM₁₀). Results revealed that CO (6909, 1769, 2980 mg/Nm³), SO₂ (6566, 1459, 2012 mg/Nm³), and PM₁₀ (770, 150, 189 mg/Nm³) exceeded Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS) for BK1, BK2 and BK3, respectively. Pollutant dispersion was modeled using the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) for 1-h, 24-h, and 1-year averaging periods to estimate ambient pollutant concentration and assess compliance with PEQS for ambient air quality and World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines (WHO AQG). Predicted peak concentrations were highest for 1 h, CO (349.41, 21.54, 97.54 μg/m³), SO₂ (231.95, 18.29, 35.95 μg/m³), NOx (2.18, 0.57, 2.29 μg/m³), and PM₁₀ (20.24, 1.27, 3.45 μg/m³) for BK1, BK2, and BK3, respectively. Modeling results indicated that ambient pollutant concentrations remained well below established regulatory standards. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of zig-zag kiln technology combined with coal and biomass briquette fuel in reducing emissions. It underscores the value of dispersion modeling as a predictive tool for assessing ambient air quality, ensuring regulatory compliance, and informing policy development. This study's verdicts can help adopt smart and applicable action plans and build more precise pollution mitigation strategies at the source level.

砖窑是巴基斯坦空气污染的主要来源之一，主要是由于它们继续依赖煤炭作为主要燃料。尽管许多窑炉采用了现代之字形技术，但煤炭仍然是主要燃料，造成了大量排放。拉合尔是全球污染最严重的城市之一，拥有大量的砖窑，这是巴基斯坦监管最少的工业部门之一。本研究评估并比较了传统固定烟囱牛沟窑（BK1）、煤/生物质型煤燃料砖窑（BK2）和之字形窑（BK3）的污染物排放和扩散。使用Horiba PG-350分析仪监测烟囱排放，测量一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化硫（SO2）、氮氧化物（NOX）和颗粒物（PM10）。结果表明，BK1、BK2和BK3的CO（6909、1769、2980 mg/Nm3）、SO2（6566、1459、2012 mg/Nm3）和PM10（770、150、189 mg/Nm3）分别超过旁遮普省环境质量标准（PEQS）。采用美国气象学会/环境保护署监管模型（AERMOD）对1小时、24小时和1年的平均周期进行污染物扩散建模，以估计环境污染物浓度，并评估环境空气质量PEQS和世界卫生组织空气质量指南（WHO AQG）的遵守情况。BK1、BK2和BK3的预测峰值浓度在1 h内最高，分别为CO（349.41、21.54、97.54 μg/m3）、SO2（231.95、18.29、35.95 μg/m3）、NOx（2.18、0.57、2.29 μg/m3）和PM10（20.24、1.27、3.45 μg/m3）。模拟结果表明，环境污染物浓度仍远低于既定的监管标准。研究证明了锯齿形窑技术与煤和生物质成型燃料相结合在减少排放方面的有效性。它强调了弥散建模作为评估环境空气质量、确保法规遵守和为政策制定提供信息的预测工具的价值。这项研究的结论可以帮助采取明智和适用的行动计划，并在源头层面建立更精确的污染缓解战略。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring new probability density functions related to Brownian local time 探索与布朗本地时间相关的新的概率密度函数

IF 1.1 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100507

Omar Allaoui , Aissa Sghir , Mohamed Mellouk , Mhamed Eddahbi

This work introduces a new family of probability density functions constructed from

E [L^{B} (1, x)]

, the expectation of the Brownian local time

L^{B} (1, x)

at time one. The proposed framework builds probabilistic models directly from local time - a pathwise quantity rarely exploited in density construction - thereby offering an original perspective on stochastic analysis. Links are established with the standard normal distribution

N (0, 1)

and several gamma distributions. Cumulative distribution functions and characteristic functions are derived and their moments compared to those of

N (0, 1)

. The occupation density formula provides the central theoretical foundation, connecting the sample-path behavior of Brownian motion to its probabilistic structure. Motivation arises from the observation that the law of any integrable random variable

Y

is completely characterized by the function

G (x) = E [{(Y - x)}^{+}]

. The resulting methodology enriches the interface between stochastic process theory and classical probability, with potential applications in quantitative finance, statistical physics, and the modeling of time-dependent random phenomena.

这项工作引入了一个新的概率密度函数族，由E[LB(1,x)]构成，即布朗局部时间LB（1,x）在时刻1的期望。所提出的框架直接从当地时间建立概率模型-在密度构建中很少使用的路径量-从而提供了随机分析的原始视角。用标准正态分布N（0,1）和若干伽马分布建立联系。推导了累积分布函数和特征函数，并与N（0,1）的矩进行了比较。占据密度公式提供了中心理论基础，将布朗运动的样本路径行为与其概率结构联系起来。动机源于观察到任意可积随机变量Y的规律完全由函数G(x)=E[(Y−x)+]表征。由此产生的方法丰富了随机过程理论与经典概率论之间的界面，在定量金融、统计物理和时间相关随机现象建模方面具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Energy-efficient and localization-based dynamic scheduling scheme for underwater acoustic sensor networks 基于节能和定位的水声传感器网络动态调度方案

IF 1.1 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100506

Altaf Hussain , Shuaiyong Li , Tariq Hussain , Razaz Waheeb Atter , Amal Hassan Alhazmi

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) are vital for monitoring marine environments, but they face challenges such as high energy consumption, limited bandwidth, poor localization accuracy, and void hole issues. The proposed scheme addresses these challenges by optimizing energy usage, improving localization accuracy, and ensuring reliable communication through dynamic scheduling and void hole avoidance. This paper presents an energy-efficient and localization-based dynamic scheduling (EELDS) scheme for UASNs, designed to optimize energy consumption, enhance localization accuracy, and extend network lifetime in dynamic underwater environments. The proposed EELDS protocol integrates multiple localization techniques. The EELDS scheme utilizes localization techniques, including angle of arrival (AoA), time of arrival (ToA), time difference of arrival (TDoA), and received signal strength indicator (RSSI), to accurately estimate node positions. At the same time, the five-state model (FSM) (anchor, active, midway, idle, sleep) dynamically adjusts the network's energy consumption based on node states, optimizing both energy efficiency and network performance. The scheme further incorporates void hole avoidance using relay nodes to ensure efficient data transmission in areas prone to communication voids. Results demonstrate that EELDS outperforms existing protocols by reducing energy consumption, extending network lifetime, and improving throughput, particularly in large-scale UASN deployments. Simulation results for 230 nodes over 5000 rounds demonstrate that EELDS achieves a 27–35 % longer network lifetime, 41–67 % higher throughput, and a 30–50 % lower energy-per-bit cost compared to MAC-layer schemes. Moreover, EELDS reduces localization error by 45–57 %, improves connectivity by up to 33 %, and decreases collisions by more than 50 % compared with recent protocols. The results validate the effectiveness of EELDS in optimizing the operation of UASNs, making it a promising solution for real-world applications such as underwater exploration and oceanographic monitoring.

水声传感器网络（uasn）对于监测海洋环境至关重要，但它们面临着诸如高能耗、有限带宽、定位精度差和空洞问题等挑战。该方案通过优化能源使用，提高定位精度，并通过动态调度和避免空穴来确保可靠的通信来解决这些挑战。本文提出了一种节能localization-based UASNs动态调度(EELDS)计划,旨在优化能耗,提高定位精度,延长网络的生命周期在动态水下环境。提出的EELDS协议集成了多种定位技术。EELDS方案利用定位技术，包括到达角（AoA）、到达时间（ToA）、到达时差（TDoA）和接收信号强度指标（RSSI），准确估计节点位置。同时，五状态模型（FSM）（锚、活动、中途、空闲、休眠）根据节点状态动态调整网络能耗，实现能源效率和网络性能的双重优化。该方案进一步采用中继节点来避免空穴，以确保在容易出现通信空穴的区域有效传输数据。结果表明，EELDS在降低能耗、延长网络寿命和提高吞吐量方面优于现有协议，特别是在大规模UASN部署中。对230个节点5000轮的仿真结果表明，与mac层方案相比，EELDS的网络寿命延长了27 - 35%，吞吐量提高了41 - 67%，每比特能量成本降低了30 - 50%。此外，与最近的协议相比，EELDS将定位误差降低了45 - 57%，将连通性提高了33%，并将碰撞减少了50%以上。结果验证了EELDS在优化uasn操作方面的有效性，使其成为水下勘探和海洋监测等实际应用的有前途的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Classical vs. spectral Adomian decomposition: A comparative solution of the strongly nonlinear corneal shape equation 经典与光谱Adomian分解：强非线性角膜形状方程的比较解

IF 1.1 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100505

Mohammed Abdalbagi

This study presents a comparative analysis of the classical Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and the spectral Adomian decomposition method (SADM) for solving the strongly nonlinear boundary value problem governing the human corneal shape. The model, a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation, lacks a known closed-form solution, necessitating robust numerical or semi-analytical approaches. We provide a detailed algorithmic implementation for both methods, where SADM enhances the classical ADM framework by integrating Chebyshev pseudospectral techniques. Numerical simulations across six distinct parameter configurations, spanning weak to strong nonlinearity, demonstrate the superior performance of SADM. The solutions were validated against established theoretical bounds, confirming their physical realism and methodological robustness. Comparative assessments revealed that SADM achieves accelerated convergence, higher accuracy, and significantly reduced errors compared to classical ADM, MATLAB’s bvp4c solver, and other methods in the literature. Crucially, SADM maintains exceptional precision across all nonlinear regimes, establishing it as a highly efficient and accurate computational framework for complex boundary value problems in ophthalmic biomechanics.

本文将经典Adomian分解方法（ADM）与光谱Adomian分解方法（SADM）进行比较分析，用于求解控制人眼角膜形状的强非线性边值问题。该模型是一个二阶非线性常微分方程，缺乏已知的闭型解，需要稳健的数值或半解析方法。我们为这两种方法提供了详细的算法实现，其中SADM通过集成Chebyshev伪谱技术来增强经典ADM框架。跨越弱到强非线性的六种不同参数配置的数值模拟表明了SADM的优越性能。根据已建立的理论界限验证了这些解决方案，证实了它们的物理现实性和方法稳健性。对比评估表明，与经典的ADM、MATLAB的bvp4c求解器和文献中的其他方法相比，SADM具有更快的收敛速度、更高的精度和显著降低的误差。至关重要的是，SADM在所有非线性状态下都保持了卓越的精度，使其成为眼科生物力学中复杂边值问题的高效准确的计算框架。

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引用次数: 0

Ulam stability for a general nonlinear fractional integro-differential delay coupled systems with Caputo derivative 一类具有Caputo导数的非线性分数阶积分-微分时滞耦合系统的Ulam稳定性

IF 1.1 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100502

Chaimaa Benzarouala , Cemil Tunç

We present an analysis to establish the stability results for a general non-linear Caputo integro-fractional delay coupled system with multiple variable time delays in the sense of Ulam–Hyers–Rassias on finite and infinite intervals employing a fixed point method. A theoretical example is presented to demonstrate our findings.

本文用不动点法分析了一类具有Ulam-Hyers-Rassias意义上的多变时滞的一般非线性Caputo积分-分数时滞耦合系统在有限区间和无限区间上的稳定性结果。最后给出了一个理论实例来证明我们的发现。

引用次数: 0

Exploring optical solutions of (3+1)-dimensional Kairat-X equation 探索（3+1）维Kairat-X方程的光学解

IF 1.1 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100504

Adem C. Cevikel

The current research focuses on establishing an analytical approach to an equation that is very important in mathematics and physics. This model is known as the (3+1)-dimensional Kairat-X equation (K-XE), which describes the trajectory of optical pulses in optical fibers. This study presents solutions to the nonlinear (3+1)-dimensional Kairat-X equation (K-XE). Using four distinct approaches, we have found new exact trigonometric, hyperbolic and exponential solutions of the (3+1) dimensional Kairat-X equation (K-XE), which are not found in the literature. Using the computational program Maple, various solutions are presented in three dimensions to illustrate the physical phenomena of this model. This is done by assigning particular values to the constraint parameters. Therefore, our work’s inventiveness is demonstrated by the application of many types of new solutions and newly employed creative ways. This facilitates additional research into nonlinear models that realistically capture important physical processes in daily life. Up until now, these solutions to this equation have not been discovered in any literature.

目前的研究重点是建立一个方程的解析方法，这在数学和物理学中是非常重要的。这个模型被称为（3+1）维Kairat-X方程（K-XE），它描述了光脉冲在光纤中的轨迹。本文给出了非线性（3+1）维Kairat-X方程（K-XE）的解。使用四种不同的方法，我们找到了新的（3+1）维Kairat-X方程（K-XE）的精确三角解、双曲解和指数解，这些解在文献中没有找到。利用计算程序Maple，在三维空间中给出了各种解来说明该模型的物理现象。这是通过为约束参数分配特定的值来实现的。因此，我们的工作的创造性体现在许多类型的新解决方案和新采用的创造性方法的应用。这有助于对非线性模型的进一步研究，这些模型可以真实地捕捉日常生活中重要的物理过程。到目前为止，这个方程的解还没有在任何文献中被发现。

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the potential of Tarchonanthus camphoratus L.: An exploration of its chemical composition, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial effect, computational docking for anti-MRSA effects, and visualization studies 揭示樟脑的潜力：探索其化学成分、抗氧化特性、抗菌作用、抗mrsa效应的计算对接和可视化研究

IF 1.1 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100503

Mukul Sharma , Khatib Ismail Sayeed , Hanan Bosly , Habib Khemira , Afraim Koty , Sivakumar S. Moni , Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha , Zeinab A. Mohammed , Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab , Heyam Mohamed Sid Ahmed , Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Ali , Magbool E. Oraiby

Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. is a medicinal plant traditionally used in various therapeutic contexts owing to its rich phytochemical composition. This study comprehensively investigated the chemical profile, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant potential, and pharmacological relevance of T. camphoratus essential oil (TC-EO) while also analyzing current research trends through bibliometric visualization. The chemical composition of TC-EO was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify 25 compounds, with exo-fenchol (15.08 %), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (10.53 %), and 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (9.04 %) as the dominant constituents. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against seven microbial strains. TC-EO exhibited potent antibacterial effects, particularly against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; 32 mm inhibition zone) and Staphylococcus aureus (24 mm), exceeding the performance of gatifloxacin. Moderate inhibition was observed against Escherichia coli (20 mm) and Candida albicans (14 mm). The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay revealed moderate antioxidant activity (45.56 %). Molecular docking, conducted using Flare software, indicated dual anti-MRSA mechanisms: eudesm-4(14)-en-11-ol targeted PBP2a, whereas spatulenol bound to DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase), both with favorable binding energies. Seven other compounds showed potential antivirulence properties. SwissADME predictions supported the drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic viability of key constituents. Bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer has demonstrated a rising global interest in T. camphoratus research, especially in the antimicrobial and pharmacological domains. Overall, these findings validate the traditional uses of T. camphoratus, emphasize its therapeutic potential, and provide a foundation for further pharmacological exploration and drug development.

由于其丰富的植物化学成分，樟脑是一种药用植物，传统上用于各种治疗环境。本研究全面研究了樟脑精油（TC-EO）的化学特征、抗菌活性、抗氧化潜力和药理相关性，并通过文献计量可视化分析了当前的研究趋势。采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）对TC-EO的化学成分进行了分析，鉴定出25个化合物，其中外苯甲酚（15.08%）、对月-1-烯-8-醇（10.53%）和6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基双环[3.1.1]庚烷（9.04%）为主要成分。采用抗菌敏感性试验（AST）和最低抑菌浓度（MIC）对7株微生物进行抑菌活性评价。TC-EO具有较强的抗菌作用，特别是对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA， 32 mm抑制带）和金黄色葡萄球菌（24 mm抑制带）的抑菌效果优于加替沙星。对大肠杆菌（20 mm）和白色念珠菌（14 mm）有中等抑制作用。DPPH（2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼）测定显示中等抗氧化活性（45.56%）。使用Flare软件进行的分子对接显示了双重抗mrsa机制：eudesm-4(14)-en-11-ol靶向PBP2a，而spatulenol与DHFR（二氢叶酸还原酶）结合，两者都具有良好的结合能。另外7种化合物显示出潜在的抗毒特性。SwissADME预测支持关键成分的药物相似性和药代动力学可行性。使用VOSviewer的文献计量学分析表明，全球对樟树研究的兴趣正在上升，特别是在抗菌和药理学领域。总之，这些发现验证了樟脑的传统用途，强调了樟脑的治疗潜力，为进一步的药理探索和药物开发奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Heat and mass transfer analysis of peristaltic flow of Reiner-Rivlin fluid in a flexible curved channel 柔性弯曲通道中Reiner-Rivlin流体蠕动流动的传热传质分析

IF 1.1 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100501

S. Hina , Z. Asghar , W. Shatanawi

This study investigates the peristaltic transport of a Reiner-Rivlin non-Newtonian fluid through a curved channel with compliant walls, incorporating heat and mass transfer effects. The main aim of the study is to provide the theoretical framework for applications with a peristaltic flow of complex fluid in different biological systems/biomedical equipment in a curved path. This theoretical framework is also applicable to the cardiovascular behavior and the designs of biomedical devices such as dialysis systems. The governing equations for momentum, energy, and concentration are formulated, and closed-form analytical solutions are obtained via a regular perturbation technique for small wavenumbers. Key findings reveal that curvature dramatically alters flow dynamics: velocity profiles transition from asymmetric (tilted toward the inner wall at low curvature) to symmetric (parabolic at high curvature), mimicking the geometric influence of blood vessels. The Reiner-Rivlin parameter approximately reduces 26 % of flow velocity compared to Newtonian fluids due to increased elastic solid-like behavior. As Reiner-Rivlin fluid has more shear thickening behavior, increasing the fluid parameter enhances the apparent viscosity, which leads to slower flow. The Soret effect drives concentration gradients approximately 38 %, with higher thermal diffusion promoting particle migration to cooler regions. Streamline patterns show that trapped bolus size diminishes with curvature, approaching straight-channel symmetry. These results provide critical insights into biological flows (e.g., gastrointestinal motility, vascular transport) and biomedical device design.

本研究研究了赖纳-里夫林非牛顿流体在弯曲通道内的蠕动输运，并考虑了传热和传质效应。本研究的主要目的是为复杂流体在不同生物系统/生物医学设备中弯曲路径的蠕动流动应用提供理论框架。这一理论框架也适用于心血管行为和生物医学设备的设计，如透析系统。建立了动量、能量和浓度的控制方程，并通过小波数的正则摄动技术获得了封闭形式的解析解。主要发现表明，曲率显著地改变了流动动力学：速度分布从不对称（低曲率时向内壁倾斜）转变为对称（高曲率时抛物线形），模拟了血管的几何影响。与牛顿流体相比，Reiner-Rivlin参数由于增加了弹性类固体行为，大约降低了26%的流速。由于Reiner-Rivlin流体具有更强的剪切增稠性，增大流体参数会增大表观粘度，导致流动速度变慢。Soret效应驱动浓度梯度约38%，较高的热扩散促进颗粒向较冷区域迁移。流线图案表明，被困的颗粒大小随着曲率的减小而减小，接近直线通道对称。这些结果为生物流动（如胃肠道运动、血管运输）和生物医学设备设计提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid numbers with the view of multiplicative calculus 从乘法演算的角度看混合数

IF 1.1 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100500

Umut Selvi, Derya Sağlam, Emel Karaca

This paper defines a new number system called multiplicative hybrid numbers. A multiplicative hybrid number is one that satisfies the non-commutative multiplication criteria using any combination of multiplicative complex (

i_{⋆}^{2_{⋆}} = -_{⋆} 1_{⋆}

), multiplicative dual (

ɛ_{⋆}^{2_{⋆}} = 0_{⋆}

), and multiplicative hyperbolic (

h_{⋆}^{2_{⋆}} = 1_{⋆}

) numbers. Introducing some algebraic properties, the geometry of multiplicative hybrid numbers is then investigated by examining the effects of an involution on multiplicative hybrid numbers. Additionally, the relationships between involutions and anti-involutions of multiplicative hybrid numbers are given in detail. Taking these properties into account, the geometric interpretation is illustrated by several significant figures.

本文定义了一种新的数系，称为乘法混合数。乘性混合数是指使用乘性复数（i——2——=−——1—）、乘性对偶数（i——2——=0—）和乘性双曲数（h——2——=1—）的任意组合满足非交换乘法条件的数。引入一些代数性质，然后通过检验对合对乘法杂数的影响来研究乘法杂数的几何性质。此外，还详细地给出了乘法杂数的对合与反对合的关系。考虑到这些性质，几何解释用几个重要的数字来说明。

引用次数: 0

Process optimization of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation for Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) extraction: Investigating solvent volume, power, and time effects on yield 微波辅助加氢蒸馏法提取棘花椒的工艺优化：考察溶剂体积、功率和时间对得率的影响

IF 1.1 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100499

Maya Sarah, Muhammad Alkausar, Siti Salamah, Seri Maulina, Isti Madinah

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is an aromatic spice known for its bioactive compounds. This study optimized the extraction of Andaliman essential oil using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), an energy-efficient and eco-friendly method. Preliminary experiments varied solvent volume (300–500 mL), microwave power (180–450 W), and extraction time (60–90 min) to determine effective operational ranges. Optimization was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD), focusing on solvent volume (300–400 mL), microwave power (180–450 W), and extraction time (60–90 min). The highest predicted yield (5.61 %) was obtained at 312.12 mL solvent, 420 W power, and 90 min, with strong model validity (R² = 96.82 %, lack-of-fit p = 0.43). Although antioxidant activity was not evaluated, several identified compounds are known to possess such properties. The optimized MAHD process demonstrates potential benefits such as reduced processing time and minimal solvent use, which may contribute to improved sustainability. However, further validation and scale-up studies are recommended to confirm its industrial feasibility and functional properties.

安达利曼（Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.）是一种芳香香料，以其生物活性化合物而闻名。本研究优化了微波辅助加氢蒸馏（MAHD）提取安达利曼精油的方法，这是一种节能环保的方法。初步实验通过改变溶剂体积（300-500 mL）、微波功率（180-450 W）和萃取时间（60-90 min）来确定有效的操作范围。采用响应面法（RSM）和中心复合设计（CCD）对提取工艺进行优化，重点考察了溶剂体积（300-400 mL）、微波功率（180-450 W）和提取时间（60-90 min）。在312.12 mL溶剂、420 W功率、90 min条件下，预测得率最高（5.61%），模型效度强（R2 = 96.82%，拟合缺失p = 0.43）。虽然抗氧化活性没有被评估，但已知有几种已鉴定的化合物具有这种特性。优化后的MAHD工艺显示出潜在的好处，例如缩短了处理时间，减少了溶剂的使用，这可能有助于提高可持续性。然而，建议进一步的验证和规模研究，以确认其工业可行性和功能特性。

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引用次数: 0