Pub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100481
Z. Abbas , J. Hasnain , M.Y. Rafiq , M.A. Saeed , H. Shahzad
Hybrid nanofluids have demonstrated improved thermal performance and stability across a wide range of applications, including thermal efficiency systems, solar collectors, energy production, nuclear processes, and enhanced heat transfer. Motivated by these promising applications, this study investigates two-dimensional incompressible oblique stagnation point flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet embedded in a porous medium. The analysis compares two widely used thermal conductivity models, the Yamada-Ota and Xue models, for hybrid nanofluids composed of graphene oxide () and iron oxide, magnetite () nanoparticles dispersed in a non-Newtonian engine oil (EO) base fluid. Additionally, the influences of thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, and chemical reactions are incorporated to explore the heat and mass transfer characteristics. The governing equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, and the resulting system is solved numerically via the fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration method combined with an efficient shooting technique. The results reveal that increasing the magnetic field strength enhances the fluid temperature while reducing its velocity. Higher heat generation parameters lead to intensified thermal distribution, while lower permeability increases velocity instability. Quantitatively, the Xue model demonstrates a higher surface heat transfer rate than the Yamada-Ota model, and a larger Schmidt number reduces mass transfer rates. These insights are particularly valuable for optimizing heat and mass transfer in porous thermal management systems.
{"title":"Oblique stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid on a stretching sheet with modified thermal conductivity models and Darcy's law","authors":"Z. Abbas , J. Hasnain , M.Y. Rafiq , M.A. Saeed , H. Shahzad","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid nanofluids have demonstrated improved thermal performance and stability across a wide range of applications, including thermal efficiency systems, solar collectors, energy production, nuclear processes, and enhanced heat transfer. Motivated by these promising applications, this study investigates two-dimensional incompressible oblique stagnation point flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet embedded in a porous medium. The analysis compares two widely used thermal conductivity models, the Yamada-Ota and Xue models, for hybrid nanofluids composed of graphene oxide (<span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span>) and iron oxide, magnetite (<span><math><mrow><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) nanoparticles dispersed in a non-Newtonian engine oil (<em>EO</em>) base fluid. Additionally, the influences of thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, and chemical reactions are incorporated to explore the heat and mass transfer characteristics. The governing equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, and the resulting system is solved numerically via the fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration method combined with an efficient shooting technique. The results reveal that increasing the magnetic field strength enhances the fluid temperature while reducing its velocity. Higher heat generation parameters lead to intensified thermal distribution, while lower permeability increases velocity instability. Quantitatively, the Xue model demonstrates a higher surface heat transfer rate than the Yamada-Ota model, and a larger Schmidt number reduces mass transfer rates. These insights are particularly valuable for optimizing heat and mass transfer in porous thermal management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100452
Saad Ihsan Butt , Dawood Khan , Sanja Tipurić-Spužević , Bandar Bin Mohsin
In this study, we take into account the notion of superquadraticity and come up with the fractional version of midpoint and trapezoidal types estimations for differentiable superquadratic function via Riemann–Liouville’s fractional integral operators. It is to be noted that the inequalities derived from superquadratic functions exhibit greater refinement in comparison to those derived from convex functions. The findings are validated through simplified results, numerical analyses, and graphical representations, using a selection of suitable examples. We also introduce the Hermite–Hadamard (HH) -divergence for superquadratic function and obtain its associate properties via Riemann–Liouville’s fractional integral operators. The work is enhanced with applications of modified Bessel’s function of Type-1 and Mittag-Leffler function which is another motivating factor. The new results significantly extend and enhance the existing work available in the literature.
{"title":"Fractional perspective of HH f-divergence, midpoint and trapezoidal type estimates for superquadratic function","authors":"Saad Ihsan Butt , Dawood Khan , Sanja Tipurić-Spužević , Bandar Bin Mohsin","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we take into account the notion of superquadraticity and come up with the fractional version of midpoint and trapezoidal types estimations for differentiable superquadratic function via Riemann–Liouville’s fractional integral operators. It is to be noted that the inequalities derived from superquadratic functions exhibit greater refinement in comparison to those derived from convex functions. The findings are validated through simplified results, numerical analyses, and graphical representations, using a selection of suitable examples. We also introduce the Hermite–Hadamard (HH) <span><math><mi>f</mi></math></span>-divergence for superquadratic function and obtain its associate properties via Riemann–Liouville’s fractional integral operators. The work is enhanced with applications of modified Bessel’s function of Type-1 and Mittag-Leffler function which is another motivating factor. The new results significantly extend and enhance the existing work available in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100480
Muhammad Waris Saeed Khan , Zeeshan Asghar , Wasfi Shatanawi , Muhammad Asif Gondal
This study investigates the cilia-driven flow of a Johnson–Segalman (J–S) non-Newtonian fluid through a two-dimensional converging channel under the influence of a vertically applied magnetic field. The problem is motivated by its relevance to biological fluid transport and the design of bio-inspired microfluidic devices. Key physical effects such as the Hall current, magnetic field interaction, and porous medium resistance are incorporated to reflect realistic conditions found in physiological and industrial settings. The governing equations, derived under the assumptions of low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations, are numerically solved using the bvp4c method. The results reveal that the interplay between geometric convergence, complex ciliary wall undulations, magnetic forces, and Hall currents significantly alters the fluid's axial velocity, pressure gradient, and shear stress distributions. In particular, increases in the Darcy number and Hall parameter enhance fluid transport, while stronger magnetic fields and higher wall slip lengths tend to suppress flow. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive coupling of cilia-induced transport with Hall magnetohydrodynamics in a converging porous duct, an area scarcely explored in existing literature. These insights offer potential applications in optimizing next-generation microfluidic designs, peristaltic transport systems, and bio-mimetic pumping technologies.
{"title":"Cilia-assisted flow for the Johnson–Segalman fluid inside a convergent complex wavy passage with the magnetic field, hall effect, and porous medium","authors":"Muhammad Waris Saeed Khan , Zeeshan Asghar , Wasfi Shatanawi , Muhammad Asif Gondal","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the cilia-driven flow of a Johnson–Segalman (J–S) non-Newtonian fluid through a two-dimensional converging channel under the influence of a vertically applied magnetic field. The problem is motivated by its relevance to biological fluid transport and the design of bio-inspired microfluidic devices. Key physical effects such as the Hall current, magnetic field interaction, and porous medium resistance are incorporated to reflect realistic conditions found in physiological and industrial settings. The governing equations, derived under the assumptions of low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations, are numerically solved using the bvp4c method. The results reveal that the interplay between geometric convergence, complex ciliary wall undulations, magnetic forces, and Hall currents significantly alters the fluid's axial velocity, pressure gradient, and shear stress distributions. In particular, increases in the Darcy number and Hall parameter enhance fluid transport, while stronger magnetic fields and higher wall slip lengths tend to suppress flow. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive coupling of cilia-induced transport with Hall magnetohydrodynamics in a converging porous duct, an area scarcely explored in existing literature. These insights offer potential applications in optimizing next-generation microfluidic designs, peristaltic transport systems, and bio-mimetic pumping technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100473
Benasquar Mohammed , Aissa Sghir , Dr. Said El Idrissi
This work introduces a novel compartmental epidemic model that integrates both deterministic and stochastic components to capture the dynamics of disease transmission under a voluntary and imperfect vaccination strategy. The model features a nonlinear incidence rate and differentiates between two classes of susceptible individuals: those who opt for vaccination and those who decline it. The deterministic structure is formulated as a system of multidimensional ordinary differential equations. To incorporate environmental fluctuations, the model is extended by introducing stochastic perturbations into the transmission rate via a white noise term, yielding a system of multidimensional stochastic differential equations. The basic reproduction number is derived to establish the conditions under which the disease either dies out or persists. The effects of the vaccination strategy, as well as the model’s sensitivity to parameter variations, are thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, the existence and uniqueness of solutions are proven, and the model’s equilibria are characterized. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate and validate the analytical results.
{"title":"A new stochastic compartmental epidemic model driven by a multidimensional stochastic differential equation under a voluntary and imperfect vaccination strategy","authors":"Benasquar Mohammed , Aissa Sghir , Dr. Said El Idrissi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces a novel compartmental epidemic model that integrates both deterministic and stochastic components to capture the dynamics of disease transmission under a voluntary and imperfect vaccination strategy. The model features a nonlinear incidence rate and differentiates between two classes of susceptible individuals: those who opt for vaccination and those who decline it. The deterministic structure is formulated as a system of multidimensional ordinary differential equations. To incorporate environmental fluctuations, the model is extended by introducing stochastic perturbations into the transmission rate via a white noise term, yielding a system of multidimensional stochastic differential equations. The basic reproduction number is derived to establish the conditions under which the disease either dies out or persists. The effects of the vaccination strategy, as well as the model’s sensitivity to parameter variations, are thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, the existence and uniqueness of solutions are proven, and the model’s equilibria are characterized. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate and validate the analytical results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100477
Saeeda Naz , Moona Nazish , Jawaher Alzahrani , Haseeb-Ur Rehman , Fozia Bibi , Muhammad Zubair , Muhammad Ishfaq Khan , Muhammad Tahir Naseem , Wajid Zaman
The understanding of trait variation within the seed collection provides an understanding of genetic variation and knowledge about plant conservation. In this study, twelve species of the lactiferous family Apocynaceae and subfamily Asclepiadoideae have been evaluated for seed macro-micromorphological characterization. Seed surface texture, dimension, seed shape and sculpture, seed wing surface cell, coma position, level and color, hilum position and shape were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This is the first study reporting coma surface sculpturing in Pakistan. Qualitative and quantitative features of seeds exhibited alteration among selected species of both families. The seed shapes were found oblong and flattened. Eight types of seed coat surface (reticulate-regular, reticulate-irregular, regular-rugose, aculeate, papillate, reticulate, ruminate, and striate), nine types of seed wing sculpturing, and four types of hilum surface cells that varied from reticulate to striate were observed. The maximum number of seed surfaces exhibited spiral to undulate hairy anticlinal wall ornamentation. The periclinal wall varied from smooth to warty. A taxonomic key was developed using seed morphological characters for the correct identification of lactiferous taxa. The variations among the studied species described the significance of SEM as a beneficial tool to vitalize the hidden micromorphological features among seeds of lactiferous taxa that eventually aid in seeds' accurate identification, delimitation, classification, and exploration in the future. Laticifer features are useful to understand the generic relationships within the family.
{"title":"Application of scanning electron microscopy unraveling seed micromorphological characteristics in laticifers of family Apocynaceae and subfamily Asclepiadoideae","authors":"Saeeda Naz , Moona Nazish , Jawaher Alzahrani , Haseeb-Ur Rehman , Fozia Bibi , Muhammad Zubair , Muhammad Ishfaq Khan , Muhammad Tahir Naseem , Wajid Zaman","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The understanding of trait variation within the seed collection provides an understanding of genetic variation and knowledge about plant conservation. In this study, twelve species of the lactiferous family Apocynaceae and subfamily Asclepiadoideae have been evaluated for seed macro-micromorphological characterization. Seed surface texture, dimension, seed shape and sculpture, seed wing surface cell, coma position, level and color, hilum position and shape were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This is the first study reporting coma surface sculpturing in Pakistan. Qualitative and quantitative features of seeds exhibited alteration among selected species of both families. The seed shapes were found oblong and flattened. Eight types of seed coat surface (reticulate-regular, reticulate-irregular, regular-rugose, aculeate, papillate, reticulate, ruminate, and striate), nine types of seed wing sculpturing, and four types of hilum surface cells that varied from reticulate to striate were observed. The maximum number of seed surfaces exhibited spiral to undulate hairy anticlinal wall ornamentation. The periclinal wall varied from smooth to warty. A taxonomic key was developed using seed morphological characters for the correct identification of lactiferous taxa. The variations among the studied species described the significance of SEM as a beneficial tool to vitalize the hidden micromorphological features among seeds of lactiferous taxa that eventually aid in seeds' accurate identification, delimitation, classification, and exploration in the future. Laticifer features are useful to understand the generic relationships within the family.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100470
Zeonlung Pun , Xinyu Tian , Shan Gao
Accurate atmospheric visibility prediction is critical for enhancing airport safety, especially under adverse weather conditions. However, existing visibility prediction methods predominantly rely on single-image analysis, using either traditional image processing techniques or deep learning models, which often fail to fully capture the dynamic and temporal characteristics inherent in video data. In this study, we explore various video understanding models for visibility prediction, achieving promising results and pioneering the use of video understanding techniques in this domain. Unlike traditional static image-based methods, our proposed three-stream network model integrates spatial information from individual frames, motion dynamics through optical flow, and key reference points extracted via SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform) descriptors. This enables the model to capture both short-term and long-term environmental changes. Experimental results show that our three-stream network significantly outperforms single-frame and image-based models in predicting (average runway visibility range of one minute). Our model achieves an mean of 0.896 and an accuracy mean of 0.860 on the test set, substantially outperforming traditional methods. These results not only demonstrate the superior performance of our approach in real-world scenarios but also highlight the potential of video understanding techniques for airport safety monitoring applications.
{"title":"Leveraging airport CCTV footage through video understanding techniques for visibility prediction","authors":"Zeonlung Pun , Xinyu Tian , Shan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate atmospheric visibility prediction is critical for enhancing airport safety, especially under adverse weather conditions. However, existing visibility prediction methods predominantly rely on single-image analysis, using either traditional image processing techniques or deep learning models, which often fail to fully capture the dynamic and temporal characteristics inherent in video data. In this study, we explore various video understanding models for visibility prediction, achieving promising results and pioneering the use of video understanding techniques in this domain. Unlike traditional static image-based methods, our proposed three-stream network model integrates spatial information from individual frames, motion dynamics through optical flow, and key reference points extracted via SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform) descriptors. This enables the model to capture both short-term and long-term environmental changes. Experimental results show that our three-stream network significantly outperforms single-frame and image-based models in predicting <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>R</mi><mtext>_</mtext><mn>1</mn><mi>A</mi></mrow></math></span> (average runway visibility range of one minute). Our model achieves an <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> mean of 0.896 and an accuracy mean of 0.860 on the test set, substantially outperforming traditional methods. These results not only demonstrate the superior performance of our approach in real-world scenarios but also highlight the potential of video understanding techniques for airport safety monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100476
Mohammad K. Okla , Sadia Javed , Muhammad Faran Tahir , Ibrahim A. Saleh , Ambreen Qadir , Muhammad Anas , Muhammad Hamzah Saleem , Temoor Ahmed , Abdulrahman Abdullah Alatar , Bandar M. AlMunqedhi , Shafaqat Ali
Copper (Cu) pollution in agricultural soils is considered a serious health risk due to its accumulation in plants, but fewer studies have been conducted on its effects and alleviation strategies by using nanoparticles (NPs) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Taking into consideration the positive effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO─NPs) and Azospirillum brasilense in reducing Cu toxicity in plants, the present study was conducted. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the application of different levels of 25 and 50 ppm of ZnO─NPs and A. brasilense i.e., 10 and 20 ppm, on Cu accumulation, morpho-physiological and antioxidative defense attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to severe Cu stress (0, 100, and 200 mg kg−1). Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of Cu in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, sugars, and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants. In contrast, increasing levels of Cu in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in terms of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, and also increased organic acid exudation patterns in the roots of T. aestivum. Although the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the response of their gene expressions in the roots and shoots of the plants and non-enzymatic ones, such as phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin contents, were increased by increasing the Cu concentration in the soil. The negative impacts of Cu injury were reduced by the application of ZnO─NPs and A. brasilense, which increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant enzymes, and mineral uptake, as well as diminished the exudation of organic acids and oxidative stress indicators in roots of T. aestivum by decreasing Cr toxicity. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the application of ZnO─NPs and A. brasilense can ameliorate Cu toxicity in T. aestivum, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.
{"title":"Enhanced wheat growth and stress resilience under copper toxicity through ZnO─NPs and Azospirillum brasilense","authors":"Mohammad K. Okla , Sadia Javed , Muhammad Faran Tahir , Ibrahim A. Saleh , Ambreen Qadir , Muhammad Anas , Muhammad Hamzah Saleem , Temoor Ahmed , Abdulrahman Abdullah Alatar , Bandar M. AlMunqedhi , Shafaqat Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper (Cu) pollution in agricultural soils is considered a serious health risk due to its accumulation in plants, but fewer studies have been conducted on its effects and alleviation strategies by using nanoparticles (NPs) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Taking into consideration the positive effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO─NPs) and <em>Azospirillum brasilense</em> in reducing Cu toxicity in plants, the present study was conducted. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the application of different levels of 25 and 50 ppm of ZnO─NPs and <em>A. brasilense</em> i.e., 10 and 20 ppm, on Cu accumulation, morpho-physiological and antioxidative defense attributes of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) exposed to severe Cu stress (0, 100, and 200 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of Cu in the soil significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, sugars, and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants. In contrast, increasing levels of Cu in the soil significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in terms of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, and also increased organic acid exudation patterns in the roots of <em>T. aestivum</em>. Although the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the response of their gene expressions in the roots and shoots of the plants and non-enzymatic ones, such as phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin contents, were increased by increasing the Cu concentration in the soil. The negative impacts of Cu injury were reduced by the application of ZnO─NPs and <em>A. brasilense</em>, which increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant enzymes, and mineral uptake, as well as diminished the exudation of organic acids and oxidative stress indicators in roots of <em>T. aestivum</em> by decreasing Cr toxicity. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the application of ZnO─NPs and <em>A. brasilense</em> can ameliorate Cu toxicity in <em>T. aestivum</em>, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100474
Khalid Saeed Lateef Al-Badri , Moayed H. Hameed , Shihab A. Shawkat , Abdulsattar Abdullah Hamad
This work presents a simple and compact quadrilateral half-circle resonator metasurface for microwave sensing applications. The metasurface (MTS) unit cell exhibits carrier resonance surface characteristics for the K-band. It has an excellent absorption response at fo = 21.45 GHz and at fo = 23.04 GHz, indicating its coherence and efficiency. The proposed unit cell was developed for sensing applications to detect the sensitivity of liquid or solid materials within an electromagnetic simulation environment at K-band. The sensing methods are investigated to determine which is more effective for measuring sensitivity and its potential in microwave sensing. The resonance frequency fluctuates based on permittivity and refractive index. The MTS unit cell amplifies this resonance using electric field intensity. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed metasurface has excellent sensitivity, a high Q-factor (Q > 55), and a strong Figure of Merit (FoM). The good sensitivity, Q-factor, and FoM results indicate that the proposed MTS is a viable solution for microwave sensing applications.
{"title":"A compact structure of four half-circle resonator metasurfaces for microwave sensing applications","authors":"Khalid Saeed Lateef Al-Badri , Moayed H. Hameed , Shihab A. Shawkat , Abdulsattar Abdullah Hamad","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a simple and compact quadrilateral half-circle resonator metasurface for microwave sensing applications. The metasurface (MTS) unit cell exhibits carrier resonance surface characteristics for the K-band. It has an excellent absorption response at f<sub>o</sub> = 21.45 GHz and at f<sub>o</sub> = 23.04 GHz, indicating its coherence and efficiency. The proposed unit cell was developed for sensing applications to detect the sensitivity of liquid or solid materials within an electromagnetic simulation environment at K-band. The sensing methods are investigated to determine which is more effective for measuring sensitivity and its potential in microwave sensing. The resonance frequency fluctuates based on permittivity and refractive index. The MTS unit cell amplifies this resonance using electric field intensity. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed metasurface has excellent sensitivity, a high Q-factor (Q > 55), and a strong Figure of Merit (FoM). The good sensitivity, Q-factor, and FoM results indicate that the proposed MTS is a viable solution for microwave sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100469
Shabnum Shaheen , Moneeza Abbas , Riffat Siddique , Zaryab Khalid , Tahira Alyas , Sana Khalid , Jawaher Alzahrani , Nadia Ghani , Sobia Sarwar , Asif Kamal , Moona Nazish , Maximilian Lackner
The current study focuses on Lemna minor L. (common duckweed) through proximate analysis, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis by UV spectroscopy (UV), gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The phytochemical investigation of the fresh sample of L. minor was compared with the powdered sample extracted using different drying procedures. The highest moisture content was recorded in fresh samples (87.94 %), while maximum percentages of ash, fiber, and protein were found in oven-dried powder as 14.81 %, 24.01 %, and 34.92 %, respectively. The freeze-dried powder contained the greatest percentages of fat (8.48 %) and carbohydrates (17.5 %). The qualitative phytochemical analysis detected variable concentrations of bioactive compounds. Quantitative analysis revealed that tannins were found in the maximum concentration across all solvents, while non-polar or polar steroids were extracted the least. In terms of mineral content, the freeze-dried plant samples contained the maximum levels of potassium (54.51 mg/100g), followed by phosphorus (31.750.25 mg/100g), magnesium (18.25 ± 0.25 mg/100g) and sodium (4.4 ± 1 mg/100g). The maximum antibacterial potential was achieved against E. coli, that was 21.4 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI). Similarly, the maximum fungal inhibition was observed against A. niger, which was 21 mm ZOI at the highest concentration of 75 μl. The parasite's promastigote and amastigote forms each had a significant death rate of 75.40 ± 1.16 and 60.15 ± 0.12 at 150 g/mL, respectively.
{"title":"GC-MS, FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis, and HPLC profiling of the natural bioactive constituents of Lemna minor L. extract and its in-vitro antimicrobial and anti-parasitic activities against pathogenic organisms","authors":"Shabnum Shaheen , Moneeza Abbas , Riffat Siddique , Zaryab Khalid , Tahira Alyas , Sana Khalid , Jawaher Alzahrani , Nadia Ghani , Sobia Sarwar , Asif Kamal , Moona Nazish , Maximilian Lackner","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study focuses on <em>Lemna minor</em> L. (common duckweed) through proximate analysis, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis by UV spectroscopy (UV), gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The phytochemical investigation of the fresh sample of <em>L. minor</em> was compared with the powdered sample extracted using different drying procedures. The highest moisture content was recorded in fresh samples (87.94 %), while maximum percentages of ash, fiber, and protein were found in oven-dried powder as 14.81 %, 24.01 %, and 34.92 %, respectively. The freeze-dried powder contained the greatest percentages of fat (8.48 %) and carbohydrates (17.5 %). The qualitative phytochemical analysis detected variable concentrations of bioactive compounds. Quantitative analysis revealed that tannins were found in the maximum concentration across all solvents, while non-polar or polar steroids were extracted the least. In terms of mineral content, the freeze-dried plant samples contained the maximum levels of potassium (54.51 mg/100g), followed by phosphorus (31.750.25 mg/100g), magnesium (18.25 ± 0.25 mg/100g) and sodium (4.4 ± 1 mg/100g). The maximum antibacterial potential was achieved against <em>E. coli,</em> that was 21.4 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI). Similarly, the maximum fungal inhibition was observed against <em>A. niger,</em> which was 21 mm ZOI at the highest concentration of 75 μl. The parasite's promastigote and amastigote forms each had a significant death rate of 75.40 ± 1.16 and 60.15 ± 0.12 at 150 g/mL, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100472
Katrina Lorraine C. Chua , Anne Nicole S. Tensuan , Mica Xiena Yungca , Charisse T. Tugahan , Virgilio T. Linis , Rafael A. Espiritu
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death that has been implicated in various human pathophysiological conditions and its regulation may have therapeutic potential. Plants have been a rich source of bioactive compounds targeting various diseases, and extracts from Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., locally known as “Dita”, are known for their biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. However, its ability to regulate cell death, specifically ferroptosis, has not yet been explored. In this study, the antioxidant potential of A. scholaris bark extract and its effects in the execution of ferroptosis in HT-29 cell line were investigated. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay demonstrated that A. scholaris extract possesses significant radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.24 mg/mL) which may be accounted for by its modest amount of total phenolic (26.83 ± 3.51 mg gallic acid equivalent/g crude extract) and flavonoid (7.59 ± 1.59 mg quercetin equivalent/g crude extract) compounds. At a concentration of 0.1875 mg/mL, the extract rescued HT-29 cells against RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3)-induced ferroptosis to levels comparable with the standard inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses suggest the possible presence of quinic acid and magnolol, respectively, both of which could contribute to the observed antioxidant property of the A. scholaris extract. Finally, to explore the possible role of quinic acid and magnolol in inhibiting ferroptosis, molecular docking simulations with heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were carried out which demonstrated preferable interactions that were comparable with a co-crystalized inhibitor (binding free energy, BFE = −7.64 kcal/mol), particularly magnolol (BFE = −7.22 kcal/mol). These results demonstrate the potential of finding novel ferroptosis regulators in A. scholaris extracts, nevertheless, further studies are needed to conclusively confirm both the presence and activity of these compounds in the extract.
{"title":"Protective effect of aqueous methanolic bark extracts of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. against RSL3-induced ferroptosis","authors":"Katrina Lorraine C. Chua , Anne Nicole S. Tensuan , Mica Xiena Yungca , Charisse T. Tugahan , Virgilio T. Linis , Rafael A. Espiritu","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death that has been implicated in various human pathophysiological conditions and its regulation may have therapeutic potential. Plants have been a rich source of bioactive compounds targeting various diseases, and extracts from <em>Alstonia scholaris</em> (L.) R. Br., locally known as “Dita”, are known for their biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. However, its ability to regulate cell death, specifically ferroptosis, has not yet been explored. In this study, the antioxidant potential of <em>A. scholaris</em> bark extract and its effects in the execution of ferroptosis in HT-29 cell line were investigated. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay demonstrated that <em>A. scholaris</em> extract possesses significant radical scavenging activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.24 mg/mL) which may be accounted for by its modest amount of total phenolic (26.83 ± 3.51 mg gallic acid equivalent/g crude extract) and flavonoid (7.59 ± 1.59 mg quercetin equivalent/g crude extract) compounds. At a concentration of 0.1875 mg/mL, the extract rescued HT-29 cells against RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3)-induced ferroptosis to levels comparable with the standard inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses suggest the possible presence of quinic acid and magnolol, respectively, both of which could contribute to the observed antioxidant property of the <em>A. scholaris</em> extract. Finally, to explore the possible role of quinic acid and magnolol in inhibiting ferroptosis, molecular docking simulations with heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were carried out which demonstrated preferable interactions that were comparable with a co-crystalized inhibitor (binding free energy, BFE = −7.64 kcal/mol), particularly magnolol (BFE = −7.22 kcal/mol). These results demonstrate the potential of finding novel ferroptosis regulators in <em>A. scholaris</em> extracts, nevertheless, further studies are needed to conclusively confirm both the presence and activity of these compounds in the extract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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