Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.102
Hong Lae Kim, Hye Jin Jung
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are a major cause of tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and recurrence in glioblastoma. Therefore, eradicating GSCs is a powerful strategy for the effective treatment of glioblastoma. Portulaca oleracea, an edible leaf vegetable, has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases in Asia, Africa, and Europe. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of P. oleracea (EEPO, EAEPO, and CEPO) against U87MG- and U373MG-derived GSCs. The results showed that CEPO most potently inhibited the proliferation and tumorsphere formation in both GSCs. Furthermore, CEPO promoted apoptosis in U87MG- and U373MG-derived GSCs through induction of nuclear fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase of reactive oxygen species, and caspase cascade activation. In addition, CEPO downregulated the expression of key cancer stemness regulators, including Sox-2, Oct-4, and STAT3 in both GSCs. CEPO also suppressed in vivo tumor growth of U87MG-derived GSCs in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. Therefore, CEPO could be potentially used as a natural medicine for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma by eliminating GSCs.
{"title":"Cytotoxic Effect of Chloroform Extract of Portulaca oleracea by Inducing Apoptosis and Suppressing Expression of Stemness Regulators in Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells","authors":"Hong Lae Kim, Hye Jin Jung","doi":"10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.102","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are a major cause of tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and recurrence in glioblastoma. Therefore, eradicating GSCs is a powerful strategy for the effective treatment of glioblastoma. Portulaca oleracea, an edible leaf vegetable, has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases in Asia, Africa, and Europe. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of P. oleracea (EEPO, EAEPO, and CEPO) against U87MG- and U373MG-derived GSCs. The results showed that CEPO most potently inhibited the proliferation and tumorsphere formation in both GSCs. Furthermore, CEPO promoted apoptosis in U87MG- and U373MG-derived GSCs through induction of nuclear fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase of reactive oxygen species, and caspase cascade activation. In addition, CEPO downregulated the expression of key cancer stemness regulators, including Sox-2, Oct-4, and STAT3 in both GSCs. CEPO also suppressed in vivo tumor growth of U87MG-derived GSCs in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. Therefore, CEPO could be potentially used as a natural medicine for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma by eliminating GSCs.","PeriodicalId":17851,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135086176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.120
Nari Yoon, Yunji Lee, Hwan Myung Lee, Jun-Yeon Park, Sanghyun Lee
Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. (TQC) has high antioxidant activity. To identify the functional compounds, TQC was extracted as essential oils and an ethanol (EtOH) extract. TQC essential oils and EtOH extract was extracted via steam distillation and heat reflux extractor, respectively. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of TQC essential oils revealed that thymol, o-cymene, linalool, and γ-terpinene contributed approximately 57% of the total composition of TQC. High-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array revealed that caffeic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were associated with the antioxidant activity of TQC. Moreover, 2,2
{"title":"Chemical Components and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils and Ethanol Extract from the Aerial Parts of Thymus quinquecostatus","authors":"Nari Yoon, Yunji Lee, Hwan Myung Lee, Jun-Yeon Park, Sanghyun Lee","doi":"10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.120","url":null,"abstract":"Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. (TQC) has high antioxidant activity. To identify the functional compounds, TQC was extracted as essential oils and an ethanol (EtOH) extract. TQC essential oils and EtOH extract was extracted via steam distillation and heat reflux extractor, respectively. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of TQC essential oils revealed that thymol, o-cymene, linalool, and γ-terpinene contributed approximately 57% of the total composition of TQC. High-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array revealed that caffeic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were associated with the antioxidant activity of TQC. Moreover, 2,2","PeriodicalId":17851,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135085009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.96
Joong Hyun Shim
This research was conducted to investigate the anti-aging and moisturizing effects Carpomitra costata extract on normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Moisturizing effects of C. costata extract on NHEKs were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR to identify cell viability assays, the mRNA levels associated with skin hydration, and hyaluronic acid (HA)-ELISA to detect HA production. C. costata extract increased mRNA levels of AQP3 and HAS2 genes and HA production in UVA-irradiated NHEKs. On the other hand, C. costata extract decreased the gene expressions of the FLG, KRT1 and KRT10 known as differentiated keratinocyte marker in NHEKs. This research showed the moisturizing effects of C. costata extract. The results indicate that C. costata extract can be a functional ingredient in skin moisturizing and anti-aging products. Further study is warranted regarding the use of C. costata extract to develop not only cosmeceutics but also food and medicine.
{"title":"Anti-aging Effect of Carpomitra costata in UVA-irradiated Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes","authors":"Joong Hyun Shim","doi":"10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.96","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to investigate the anti-aging and moisturizing effects Carpomitra costata extract on normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Moisturizing effects of C. costata extract on NHEKs were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR to identify cell viability assays, the mRNA levels associated with skin hydration, and hyaluronic acid (HA)-ELISA to detect HA production. C. costata extract increased mRNA levels of AQP3 and HAS2 genes and HA production in UVA-irradiated NHEKs. On the other hand, C. costata extract decreased the gene expressions of the FLG, KRT1 and KRT10 known as differentiated keratinocyte marker in NHEKs. This research showed the moisturizing effects of C. costata extract. The results indicate that C. costata extract can be a functional ingredient in skin moisturizing and anti-aging products. Further study is warranted regarding the use of C. costata extract to develop not only cosmeceutics but also food and medicine.","PeriodicalId":17851,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135086180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, basic characteristics such as radical scavenging activity of the hot water extract of Asimina triloba leaves were confirmed, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of major componunds was conducted. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract were confirmed to be 94.11 mg/g and 47.28 mg/g. In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, the extract showed an SC50 of 1.004 mg/mL, which corresponds to a relative activity of 6.77% converted based on the SC50 value of ascorbic acid used as a control. Liquid chromatograph (LC) profile analysis and LC-mass spectrometer (MS)/MS analysis were performed to confirm the major compounds of the extract. As a result of the analysis, a total of five major compounds were identified, including flavonoid such as rutin and isoquercitrin, and chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid having a caffeoylquinic acid structure. Among these, the compound with the highest content was rutin, which was 59.67 mg/g. Since these compounds are reported to have various physiological activities, it is necessary to basically identify each compound in the process of further research using the leaves of A. triloba.
{"title":"Antioxidnat Activity and Chemical Profiling of Water Extract of Asimina triloba Leaves","authors":"Kyoung-In Lee, Young-Seung Yoon, Byoung-Sik Pyo, Chul-Hee Choi","doi":"10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.129","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, basic characteristics such as radical scavenging activity of the hot water extract of Asimina triloba leaves were confirmed, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of major componunds was conducted. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract were confirmed to be 94.11 mg/g and 47.28 mg/g. In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, the extract showed an SC50 of 1.004 mg/mL, which corresponds to a relative activity of 6.77% converted based on the SC50 value of ascorbic acid used as a control. Liquid chromatograph (LC) profile analysis and LC-mass spectrometer (MS)/MS analysis were performed to confirm the major compounds of the extract. As a result of the analysis, a total of five major compounds were identified, including flavonoid such as rutin and isoquercitrin, and chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid having a caffeoylquinic acid structure. Among these, the compound with the highest content was rutin, which was 59.67 mg/g. Since these compounds are reported to have various physiological activities, it is necessary to basically identify each compound in the process of further research using the leaves of A. triloba.","PeriodicalId":17851,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135085013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.137
Le Minh, Si-Hyoung An, Eun-Yeong Seok, Kang-Hyun Han, Yong-Bum Kim, Jeong Ah Kim, Byung Sun Min
For toxicity assessment, powders and water extracts from the Piperis Longi Fructus were manufactured, and the component analysis were analyzed according to the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia method. Stability tests of powders and water extracts from the Piperis Longi Fructus were investigated at refrigerated and room temperature for one year. Powder and water extract were found to have been stable for a year after analyzing them with HPLC. Therefore, the use of the powders and water extracts of Piperis Longi Fructus after preparation during the animal test turned out to be stable.
{"title":"Analysis and Stability Test of the Water Extracts and Powders from Piperis Longi Fructus for Toxicity Study","authors":"Le Minh, Si-Hyoung An, Eun-Yeong Seok, Kang-Hyun Han, Yong-Bum Kim, Jeong Ah Kim, Byung Sun Min","doi":"10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.137","url":null,"abstract":"For toxicity assessment, powders and water extracts from the Piperis Longi Fructus were manufactured, and the component analysis were analyzed according to the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia method. Stability tests of powders and water extracts from the Piperis Longi Fructus were investigated at refrigerated and room temperature for one year. Powder and water extract were found to have been stable for a year after analyzing them with HPLC. Therefore, the use of the powders and water extracts of Piperis Longi Fructus after preparation during the animal test turned out to be stable.","PeriodicalId":17851,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135085014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.112
Ji Su Mun, Hyeoun ji Kim, Hyang Im Beak, Sang-Yong Ma, Dae Keun Kim, Suk Heung Oh, Jun Hyeong Kim
The ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia was studied for antioxidative activity using a Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Ethyl acetate fraction of the ethyl alcohol extract showed the strongest DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging activity. SOD and catalase enzymes, which confirm antioxidant enzyme activity in Caenorhabditis elegans, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can confirm the degree of oxidative stress resistance, were tested using the ethyl acetate fractions. Furthermore, in order to verify if regulation of stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress resistance of C. elegans which treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, we checked SOD-3 expression using a transgenic strain. Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of Morinda citrifolia Linn. increased the SOD and catalase activities in concentration dependent way in C. elegans, reduced ROS accumulation dose dependently. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worms showed more higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control group.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Morinda citrifolia in Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"Ji Su Mun, Hyeoun ji Kim, Hyang Im Beak, Sang-Yong Ma, Dae Keun Kim, Suk Heung Oh, Jun Hyeong Kim","doi":"10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.112","url":null,"abstract":"The ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia was studied for antioxidative activity using a Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Ethyl acetate fraction of the ethyl alcohol extract showed the strongest DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging activity. SOD and catalase enzymes, which confirm antioxidant enzyme activity in Caenorhabditis elegans, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can confirm the degree of oxidative stress resistance, were tested using the ethyl acetate fractions. Furthermore, in order to verify if regulation of stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress resistance of C. elegans which treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, we checked SOD-3 expression using a transgenic strain. Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of Morinda citrifolia Linn. increased the SOD and catalase activities in concentration dependent way in C. elegans, reduced ROS accumulation dose dependently. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worms showed more higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control group.","PeriodicalId":17851,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135086181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.89
Kaixuan Zhang, Jae-Yong Kim, Ji Hoon Kim, Je-Seung Jeon, Chul-Young Kim
Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker, belonging to the family Corydiidae (Blattodea), is common in Southeast Asia. Due to its richness in nutrients, E. sinensis is usually used in traditional Oriental medicine as a basic component of anticoagulant and immune-enhancing remedies. Isolation from ethanol extract of E. sinensis yielded seven compounds, two isocoumarins (1 and 2) and four phenolic compounds 3-6. Their chemical structures were elucidated as (R)-6,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisochromen-1-one (monaschromone) (1), (R)-3-ethyl-6,8-dihydroxy-7-methyl-3,4-dihydroisochromen-1-one (2), 3-methoxytyramine (3), hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (4), dihydroferulic acid (5), and protocatechuic acid (6), by spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compounds 3-6 were first found in E. sinensis. Additionally, the two isocoumarins, 1 and 2, exhibited biological activity such as enhancing antioxidant response element and preventing dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes.
{"title":"Antioxidant Response Element Induction and Anti-skeletal Muscle Atrophic Activity of Isocoumarins from Eupolyphaga sinensis","authors":"Kaixuan Zhang, Jae-Yong Kim, Ji Hoon Kim, Je-Seung Jeon, Chul-Young Kim","doi":"10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22889/kjp.2023.54.3.89","url":null,"abstract":"Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker, belonging to the family Corydiidae (Blattodea), is common in Southeast Asia. Due to its richness in nutrients, E. sinensis is usually used in traditional Oriental medicine as a basic component of anticoagulant and immune-enhancing remedies. Isolation from ethanol extract of E. sinensis yielded seven compounds, two isocoumarins (1 and 2) and four phenolic compounds 3-6. Their chemical structures were elucidated as (R)-6,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisochromen-1-one (monaschromone) (1), (R)-3-ethyl-6,8-dihydroxy-7-methyl-3,4-dihydroisochromen-1-one (2), 3-methoxytyramine (3), hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (4), dihydroferulic acid (5), and protocatechuic acid (6), by spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compounds 3-6 were first found in E. sinensis. Additionally, the two isocoumarins, 1 and 2, exhibited biological activity such as enhancing antioxidant response element and preventing dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes.","PeriodicalId":17851,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135086179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.22889/KJP.2021.52.1.49
Ye Ji-yun, Lee Chung-Hyun, Park, So-young
{"title":"Antioxidant Effects of Avocado Seeds and Seed Husks as a Potential Natural Preservative","authors":"Ye Ji-yun, Lee Chung-Hyun, Park, So-young","doi":"10.22889/KJP.2021.52.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22889/KJP.2021.52.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17851,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":"14 1","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72742712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.22889/KJP.2021.52.2.69
Park Hyun-Seung, Oh Hye Hyun, Kim, Sungmin, P. J. Young, Kim Jintae, Shim Hyeonah, Yang Tae-Jin
{"title":"Cannabinol Synthase Gene Based Molecular Markers for Identification of Drug and Fiber Type Cannabis sativa","authors":"Park Hyun-Seung, Oh Hye Hyun, Kim, Sungmin, P. J. Young, Kim Jintae, Shim Hyeonah, Yang Tae-Jin","doi":"10.22889/KJP.2021.52.2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22889/KJP.2021.52.2.69","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17851,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":"20 1","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78649621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.22889/KJP.2021.52.1.1
C. Jung, Sun Jo Kim, N. Anh, Eun Goo Lee, Tae Ha Kim, S. Kwon, Hyun-Ok Yang, S. Lee
{"title":"The Clinical Effects of Platycodon grandiflorum: A Systematic Review","authors":"C. Jung, Sun Jo Kim, N. Anh, Eun Goo Lee, Tae Ha Kim, S. Kwon, Hyun-Ok Yang, S. Lee","doi":"10.22889/KJP.2021.52.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22889/KJP.2021.52.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17851,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":"8 1 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86948488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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