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Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block in sheep: A cadaveric study. 超声引导下的绵羊腰方肌阻滞:尸体研究
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/00236772241246021
Giorgio Mattaliano, Natali Verdier, Moriz E Klonner, Michal Kyllar, Silvio Kau-Strebinger, Pablo E Otero

This prospective anatomical study aimed to establish an ultrasound-guided technique to the quadratus lumborum (QL) plane in sheep cadavers. Thirteen cadavers, weighing less than 117 kg, were included. In phase 1, one cadaver underwent dissection and two cadavers underwent 3D computed tomographic reconstruction for anatomical evaluation of the thoracolumbar region. In phase 2, two cadavers were used to compare two ultrasound techniques to the QL plane: lateral to the QL muscle with a transversal approach (LQL) and transmuscular between QL and psoas muscles with a longitudinal approach (TQL). For LQL, the reference was the first lumbar transverse process, whereas for TQL, it was the intertransverse region between the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The needle was advanced in-plane towards the specific target for each technique and a total of four injections were performed using 0.4 ml kg-1 of a dye-lidocaine solution. In phase 3, 10 cadavers received bilateral LQL injections (n = 20). All cadavers were then dissected to evaluate spread of dye. In phase 2, following LQL injections, no dye was observed in undesired locations; however, the dye was noted in the retroperitoneal space (1/2) after TQL injections. In phase 3, the 13th thoracic, first, second, third lumbar nerves, and sympathetic trunk segments were stained in 80%, 95%, 100%, 45% and 35% of the injections, respectively. In conclusion, the LQL technique was feasible, allowing staining of the spinal nerves innervating the cranial abdomen in sheep cadavers. Further studies in live animals are warranted.

这项前瞻性解剖学研究的目的是在绵羊尸体中建立一种超声引导的腰椎四头肌(QL)平面技术。共纳入 13 具体重小于 117 千克的绵羊尸体。在第一阶段,一具尸体进行了解剖,两具尸体进行了三维计算机断层扫描重建,以对胸腰部进行解剖评估。在第二阶段,两具尸体被用来比较两种针对 QL 平面的超声波技术:横向方法(LQL)下的 QL 肌肉外侧超声波和纵向方法(TQL)下的 QL 和腰肌之间的跨肌肉超声波。对于 LQL,参照物是第一腰椎横突,而对于 TQL,参照物是第一腰椎和第二腰椎之间的横向区域。针头在平面内向每种技术的特定目标推进,使用 0.4 毫升/千克的染料利多卡因溶液共进行了四次注射。在第三阶段,10 具尸体接受了双侧 LQL 注射(n = 20)。然后解剖所有尸体以评估染料的扩散情况。在第 2 阶段,注射 LQL 后,未在不希望的位置观察到染料;但注射 TQL 后,在腹膜后间隙(1/2)观察到染料。在第 3 阶段,分别有 80%、95%、100%、45% 和 35% 的注射对第 13 胸神经、第一、第二、第三腰神经和交感干节段进行了染色。总之,LQL 技术是可行的,可以对绵羊尸体中支配颅腹的脊神经进行染色。有必要在活体动物中进行进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of early career researchers: Influences on the design and reporting of animal experiments, and the practical and emotional support needed to enhance best practice methods. 早期职业研究人员的经验:对动物实验设计和报告的影响,以及加强最佳实践方法所需的实际和情感支持。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/00236772241242850
Heidi Morahan, Nicola Hancock, Lisa Bero, Kieron Rooney

While best practice methodology in animal research aims to address reproducibility and translational issues, awareness and implementation remains low. Preclinical systematic reviews have highlighted many flaws, including issues with internal validity and reporting. With early career researchers (ECRs) heavily involved in all aspects of animal experiments, it is crucial we understand what shapes their research practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 ECRs, including research masters, PhD and postdoctoral academics. Data were collected and analysed concurrently using constant comparison techniques and an iterative approach. Findings revealed low-level awareness of best practice recommendations but a desire to engage in dedicated workshops on designing and reporting animal experiments. Current laboratory practices and previous literature were main influences on research practice, more than institutional training. An unexpected finding was the discovery of ethical and emotional dilemmas ECRs faced when working with animals. This highlights the need for a multifaceted approach to better support junior researchers, both emotionally and practically, to encourage responsible science.

虽然动物研究的最佳实践方法旨在解决可重复性和转化问题,但人们的认识和实施程度仍然很低。临床前系统综述强调了许多缺陷,包括内部有效性和报告问题。早期职业研究人员(ECR)大量参与动物实验的各个方面,因此我们必须了解是什么影响了他们的研究实践。我们对 13 名 ECR(包括研究硕士、博士和博士后)进行了半结构式访谈。采用不断比较的技术和迭代的方法同时收集和分析数据。研究结果表明,他们对最佳实践建议的了解程度较低,但希望参加有关设计和报告动物实验的专门研讨会。当前的实验室实践和以前的文献是影响研究实践的主要因素,而不是机构培训。一个意想不到的发现是,ECR 在与动物共事时面临着伦理和情感困境。这突出表明,需要采取多方面的方法,从情感和实践两方面为初级研究人员提供更好的支持,以鼓励负责任的科学研究。
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引用次数: 0
Refinement of intranasal delivery in rats: A cadaveric study. 大鼠鼻内给药的改进:尸体研究
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/00236772241241561
Margarida N Pereira, Carlos Venâncio, Maria de Lurdes Pinto, Sofia Alves-Pimenta, Bruno Colaço

The intranasal route enables direct delivery of multiple substances from the nose to the brain, through olfactory and trigeminal pathways, bypassing the blood-brain barrier and avoiding systemic absorption. Despite the potential of this route, the various administration approaches make data reproducibility and interpretation challenging, emphasizing the necessity to establish a consistent methodology. Considering this, the aim of our study was to assess and compare the distribution of two dye volumes (30 µl and 50 µl) in the nasal cavity of rat cadavers. We employed three distinct methods of intranasal delivery: nose drops, by pipette tip, or cannula inserted into the nasal cavity. The results indicated that for both volumes, using the nose drops and the pipette tip methods, the dye dispersion occurred mainly in the vestibule, respiratory and olfactory regions, without reaching the olfactory bulbs. Using the cannula method, the deposition predominantly occurred in the respiratory and olfactory regions, with the dye reaching 66.7% and 100% of the olfactory bulbs, respectively, to low and high volume. Furthermore, the results demonstrated differences between the two volumes, in the pharynx, larynx, trachea, septal window, and incisive papilla, where an increased dye presence was observed with the 50 µl instillation across all three methods. According to our results, the intranasal delivery with a cannula was the most effective method for dye deposition in the olfactory region. However, further studies in live animals will be necessary to determine and refine the administration method that consistently allows specific deposition in the olfactory system.

鼻内途径可通过嗅觉和三叉神经通路将多种物质从鼻腔直接输送到大脑,绕过血脑屏障,避免全身吸收。尽管鼻内给药途径具有巨大潜力,但由于给药方法多种多样,数据的可重复性和解释具有挑战性,因此有必要建立一套统一的方法。有鉴于此,我们的研究旨在评估和比较两种容量(30 微升和 50 微升)的染料在大鼠尸体鼻腔中的分布情况。我们采用了三种不同的鼻腔内给药方法:滴鼻、吸管头或插入鼻腔的插管。结果表明,无论是滴鼻法还是吸头法,染料的分散主要发生在前庭、呼吸和嗅觉区域,没有到达嗅球。而使用插管法时,染料主要沉积在呼吸道和嗅觉区域,染料到达嗅球的比例分别为 66.7%和 100%(低容量和高容量)。此外,结果还显示了两种容量之间的差异,在咽部、喉部、气管、鼻中隔窗和切缘乳头,在所有三种方法中,50 µl 的灌注都能观察到更多的染料存在。根据我们的研究结果,用插管进行鼻内给药是在嗅觉区域沉积染料的最有效方法。不过,有必要在活体动物中进行进一步研究,以确定并改进可在嗅觉系统中持续进行特定沉积的给药方法。
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引用次数: 0
Periodic stays in a 'playcage' as an environmental enrichment measure for laboratory rats housed in individually ventilated cages: Short report. 定期在 "游戏笼 "中逗留作为一种环境强化措施,用于饲养在单独通风笼中的实验室大鼠:简短报告。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231209198
Oddrun A Gudbrandsen

Male Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley rats were housed in standard individually ventilated cages with floor area of 1500 cm2, and were placed in a 'playcage' (a large open cage) for three visits per week from the age of 16-18 weeks. The playcage was introduced in an attempt to reverse the compulsive behaviour that the rats displayed in the individually ventilated cages, with the purpose to increase their well-being and to provide cognitive as well as physical stimulation. After two weeks of periodic stays in the playcage, the rats' repetitive behaviour in their home cage ceased, and the rats displayed signs of happiness and excitement when they were in the playcage. The observations strongly indicate that periodic stays in a larger playcage can be an alternative environmental enrichment for laboratory rats when housing in a larger home cage is not an option.

雄性扎克糖尿病大鼠被饲养在面积为 1500 平方厘米的标准独立通风笼中,并从 16-18 周龄起被放入 "游戏笼"(一个大型开放式笼子)中,每周三次。引入游戏笼的目的是为了扭转大鼠在单独通风的笼子中表现出的强迫行为,以增加它们的幸福感,并提供认知和身体刺激。在游戏笼中定期逗留两周后,大鼠在家庭笼子中的重复行为停止了,大鼠在游戏笼中表现出快乐和兴奋的迹象。这些观察结果有力地表明,当实验鼠无法选择饲养在较大的家庭笼子里时,在较大的游戏笼子里定期逗留可以成为丰富实验鼠环境的另一种选择。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient breeding system of infertile Niemann-Pick disease type C model mice by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. 通过体外受精和胚胎移植高效培育不育的 C 型尼曼-佝偻病模型小鼠。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231194112
Serina Kuroshima, Satohiro Nakao, Yuka Horikoshi, Kotono Ito, Akira Ishii, Aina Shirakawa, Yuki Kondo, Tetsumi Irie, Yoichi Ishitsuka, Naomi Nakagata, Toru Takeo

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a lethal genetic disease with mutations in NPC1 or NPC2 gene. Npc1-deficient (Npc1-/-) mice have been used as a model for NPC pathogenesis to develop novel therapies for NPC. However, Npc1-/- mice are infertile; thus, securing sufficient numbers for translational research is difficult. Hence, we attempted reproductive engineering techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and sperm cryopreservation. For the first time, we succeeded in producing fertilized oocytes via IVF using male and female Npc1-/- mice. Fertilized oocytes were also obtained via IVF using cryopreserved sperm from Npc1-/- mice. The obtained fertilized oocytes normally developed into live pups via embryo transfer, and they eventually exhibited NPC pathogenesis. These findings are useful for generating an efficient breeding system that overcomes the reproductive challenges of Npc1-/- mice and will contribute to developing novel therapeutic methods using NPC model mice.

C 型尼曼-皮克病(NPC)是一种致命的遗传病,NPC1 或 NPC2 基因会发生突变。Npc1缺陷(Npc1-/-)小鼠被用作NPC发病机制的模型,以开发治疗NPC的新型疗法。然而,Npc1-/-小鼠不能生育,因此很难获得足够的数量用于转化研究。因此,我们尝试了体外受精(IVF)和精子冷冻等生殖工程技术。我们首次成功地利用雄性和雌性 Npc1-/- 小鼠通过体外受精产生了受精卵细胞。我们还利用冷冻保存的 Npc1-/- 小鼠精子,通过体外受精获得了受精卵细胞。获得的受精卵细胞通过胚胎移植正常发育成活的幼崽,它们最终表现出鼻咽癌的发病机制。这些发现有助于建立一个高效的育种系统,克服Npc1-/-小鼠的生殖难题,并有助于利用鼻咽癌模型小鼠开发新的治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Statistical design for health monitoring in laboratory animal facilities using sentinel animals. 使用哨点动物对实验动物设施进行健康监测的统计设计。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231219292
Carlos Oscar S Sorzano, Irene Sánchez, Angel Naranjo

Regular health monitoring is crucial in laboratory animal facilities to determine the presence or absence of specific pathogens. One common approach to monitoring involves the use of sentinel animals, which are periodically exposed to biological material from the cages being monitored. At a certain point, some of these sentinel animals are tested for pathogens. This article discusses designing an effective sampling scheme to meet desired quality standards. It addresses questions such as the number of sentinel animals required, the frequency of sampling biological material, the selection of cages based on facility set-up, and the optimal frequency and quantity of sentinel animal tests. While existing design formulas are available for simple random sampling, no quantitative recommendation exists for using sentinel animals to the best of our knowledge. We propose a Monte Carlo simulation-based approach in this article to address this. Our algorithm has been implemented in a publicly accessible web page at http://nolan.cnb.csic.es/sentinelcagesmanager.

在实验动物设施中,定期健康监测对确定是否存在特定病原体至关重要。一种常见的监测方法是使用哨兵动物,让它们定期接触来自被监测笼子的生物材料。到一定时候,再对其中一些哨兵动物进行病原体检测。本文将讨论如何设计有效的采样方案,以达到预期的质量标准。文章将讨论所需的哨兵动物数量、生物材料采样频率、根据设施设置选择笼舍以及哨兵动物检测的最佳频率和数量等问题。虽然现有的设计公式可用于简单随机抽样,但就我们所知,还没有关于使用哨点动物的定量建议。我们在本文中提出了一种基于蒙特卡罗模拟的方法来解决这个问题。我们的算法已在 http://nolan.cnb.csic.es/sentinelcagesmanager 的一个可公开访问的网页中实现。
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引用次数: 0
Adjusting and validating a procedure for parenteral anaesthesia in neonatal mice. 调整和验证新生小鼠肠外麻醉程序。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231219821
Rafael Goterris-Cerisuelo, Sandra Sanahuja-Irene, María J Sánchez-Catalán, Fernando Martínez-García

For neonatal pups, parenteral anaesthesia is said to be not reliable as low doses induce no anaesthesia whereas high doses render high mortality rates. In this work we have adapted parenteral anaesthesia procedures approved for pups >7 days of age, to anaesthetize neonatal animals (postnatal days 3-4; P3-P4) for keeping them immobile for a long period. In our first experiment we analysed the behaviour of P3-P4 mouse pups for 70 min after intraperitoneal administration of low (37.5/3.75 mg/kg) or high (50/5) doses of a ketamine/xylazine anaesthetic mixture, both in the low range as compared with dosages employed in adults. Pups became immobile in ≈7 min and remained immobile for ≈45 min, irrespective of the age and dose of anaesthesia, younger pups (P3) being apparently more sensitive to the dosage. In the second experiment, we studied the response of P3 pups to mildly nociceptive stimulations, performed with a 4.0 g von Frey filament applied to the dorsal aspect of their paws. These stimuli elicited reaction in 100% of the cases in non-anaesthetized pups. The results indicate that the high dose significantly reduced responses as compared with the low dose of anaesthesia. With the low dose, <40% of the pups were unresponsive to nociceptive stimulation, whereas the high dose resulted in 50-60% of the animals not responding. Mortality was low irrespective of age or dose, suggesting that doses can be further increased if needed for invasive experimental procedures.

对于新生幼崽,据说肠外麻醉并不可靠,因为低剂量不会引起麻醉,而高剂量则会导致高死亡率。在这项工作中,我们调整了适用于 7 天以上幼鼠的肠外麻醉程序,将其用于麻醉新生儿动物(出生后第 3-4 天;P3-P4),使其长时间保持不动。在第一次实验中,我们分析了 P3-P4 幼鼠腹腔注射低剂量(37.5/3.75 毫克/千克)或高剂量(50/5)氯胺酮/恶嗪混合麻醉剂后 70 分钟内的行为。无论年龄和麻醉剂量如何,幼鼠都能在≈7分钟内失去活动能力,并在≈45分钟内保持不动,年龄较小的幼鼠(P3)显然对麻醉剂量更敏感。在第二项实验中,我们研究了 P3 幼犬对轻微痛觉刺激的反应,这种刺激是用一根 4.0 克的 von Frey 细丝贴在它们的爪子背侧进行的。在这些刺激中,100%的未麻醉幼犬都会产生反应。结果表明,与低剂量麻醉相比,高剂量明显减少了反应。低剂量
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引用次数: 0
Nest-building in breeding mice: Impact of macro- and micro-environment. 繁殖小鼠的筑巢行为:宏观和微观环境的影响
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231171191
Luciana Cintra, Sandra Regina Alexandre-Ribeiro, Julia Trindade Xavier Teixeira, Michel Mancinelli Megid, Thiago Vieira Coucolis, Dennis Albert Zanatto, Victoria Nathaly Leal, Silvia Maria Gomes Massironi, Claudia Madalena Cabrera Mori

The housing conditions of laboratory mice must be strictly controlled in order to reduce the impact of pathophysiological changes that affect animal health and welfare, possibly resulting in increased variability within experimental results. One way to improve the activity and survival of laboratory mice is to provide nesting material. The objective of this study was to determine if nest-building quality could be used to detect changes in murine mating behaviour in a rodent facility under controlled conditions. Nesting scores of 847 cages with monogamous pairs from three different genetic backgrounds (129, B6 and BALB/c) of both sexes were correlated with 18 predefined variables. The effects on nest quality were evaluated using descriptive data analysis, correspondence analysis and ordinal logistic model fitting. The results showed a strong relationship between nest quality and nest position. Humidity, genetic background, cage change and the number and age of pups in the cage affected the nest-building scores. The most important indicators were cage change and relative humidity, both of which exerted significant negative effects on nest-building quality. Even though the criteria were well defined, the observer could still influence nest score appraisal. However, in a long-term observational study, observers could improve their assessment by training and acquiring greater experience in score assignment. Nest-building scores are easy to assess in the cage, with little discomfort to the animal. Moreover, the nest score is a valid indicator of the health and well-being of laboratory mice and can provide valuable support in the management of animal facilities.

必须严格控制实验鼠的饲养条件,以减少影响动物健康和福利的病理生理变化的影响,这可能会导致实验结果的变异性增加。提高实验鼠活动和存活率的方法之一是提供筑巢材料。本研究的目的是确定在受控条件下,筑巢质量是否可用于检测啮齿动物设施中小鼠交配行为的变化。将 847 个笼子中来自三种不同遗传背景(129、B6 和 BALB/c)的一夫一妻制的雌雄小鼠的筑巢得分与 18 个预定义变量相关联。使用描述性数据分析、对应分析和序数逻辑模型拟合评估了巢质量的影响。结果表明,巢的质量与巢的位置关系密切。湿度、遗传背景、笼子的变化以及笼中幼仔的数量和年龄都会影响筑巢得分。最重要的指标是笼子的变化和相对湿度,这两项指标对筑巢质量都有显著的负面影响。尽管标准定义明确,但观察者仍会影响筑巢得分的评估。不过,在长期的观察研究中,观察者可以通过培训和积累更多的评分经验来改进他们的评估。筑巢得分很容易在笼子里评估,对动物几乎没有不适感。此外,筑巢评分是衡量实验鼠健康和福利的有效指标,可为动物设施的管理提供有价值的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization murine model using a bioluminescent methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). 使用生物发光耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)监测金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔定植小鼠模型。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231209790
Juliana G da Silva, Juliana Pc Boechat, Bruno Dj Silva, Rodrigo Müller, José Pm Senna

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is considered a risk factor for infections, and the development of nasal decolonization strategies is highly relevant. Despite they are not naturally colonized by Staphylococcus, mice are a good model for S. aureus nasal colonization. Murine models are easy to manipulate, and inter-laboratory reproducibility makes them suitable for nasal colonization studies. Strategies using bioluminescent bacteria allow for the monitoring of infection over time without the need to sacrifice animals for bacterial quantification. In this study, we evaluated S. aureus nasal colonization in three mouse strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Swiss Webster) using a bioluminescent strain (SAP231). In vitro, a visible Bioluminescent Signal Emission (BLSE) was observed until 106 bacteria and detected by IVIS® imaging system up to 104 cells. Animals were inoculated with one or two doses of approximately 109 colony-forming units (CFU) of SAP231. Swiss Webster mice showed the longest colonization time, with some animals presenting BLSE for up to 140 h. In addition, BLSE was higher in this strain. BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains showed consistent BLSE results for 48 h. BLSE intensity was higher in Swiss Webster inoculated with both doses. Three different positions for image capture were evaluated, with better results for the lateral and ventrodorsal positions. After the loss of BLSE, bacterial quantification was performed, and Swiss Webster mice presented more bacteria in the nasal cavity (approximately 105 CFU) than the other strains. Our results demonstrate that bioluminescent S. aureus allow monitoring of nasal colonization and estimation of the bacterial burden present in live animals until 48 h.

金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔携带被认为是感染的一个危险因素,因此制定鼻腔去殖民化策略具有重要意义。尽管小鼠没有金黄色葡萄球菌的自然定植,但它们是金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔定植的良好模型。小鼠模型易于操作,而且实验室间的可重复性使其适用于鼻腔定植研究。使用生物发光细菌的策略可以监测一段时间内的感染情况,而无需牺牲动物来进行细菌定量。在本研究中,我们使用生物发光菌株(SAP231)评估了金黄色葡萄球菌在三种小鼠品系(BALB/c、C57BL/6 和瑞士韦伯斯特)中的鼻腔定植情况。在体外,观察到可见的生物发光信号发射(BLSE),直到 106 个细菌,并通过 IVIS® 成像系统检测到 104 个细胞。给动物接种一到两个剂量的约 109 菌落总数(CFU)的 SAP231。瑞士韦伯斯特小鼠的定植时间最长,有些动物的BLSE长达140小时。BALB/c 和 C57BL/6 株系在 48 小时内显示出一致的 BLSE 结果,两种剂量接种的瑞士韦伯斯特小鼠的 BLSE 强度更高。对三种不同的图像采集位置进行了评估,侧位和腹背位的结果更好。在失去 BLSE 后,进行了细菌定量,瑞士韦伯斯特小鼠鼻腔中的细菌数量(约 105 CFU)多于其他菌株。我们的研究结果表明,生物发光金黄色葡萄球菌可以监测活体动物的鼻腔定植情况并估算其在 48 小时内的细菌负荷。
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引用次数: 0
Combining melatonin with dexmedetomidine improves anesthesia in rats. 将褪黑素与右美托咪定结合使用可改善大鼠的麻醉效果。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231163211
Joaquín Cogo Pagella, María F Rodríguez, Fabricio Frisina, Claudio O Cervino

Melatonin (ML) and dexmedetomidine (DM) are used separately as anesthetic premedication or as an anesthetic in humans and laboratory animals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anesthetic properties of both drugs combined. The anesthetic effects of several combinations of ML (50 and 100 mg/kg) and DM (50 and 100 μg/kg) were evaluated in rats by observing behavioral manifestations and recording the duration and depth of anesthesia. Five anesthetic intervals were established according to the loss and recovery of reflexes. While each individual drug did not induce an appropriate anesthetic effect at the tested doses, ML50 + DM100, ML100 + DM50 and ML100 + DM100 combinations resulted in surgical anesthesia intervals of 60 to 360 min. Together, our results point that the use of ML allows to decrease the dose of DM, reducing the unwanted anesthetic effects of this α2-agonist.

褪黑素(ML)和右美托咪定(DM)被单独用作麻醉前用药或人类和实验动物的麻醉剂。在本研究中,我们旨在研究这两种药物联合使用的麻醉特性。通过观察大鼠的行为表现并记录麻醉持续时间和深度,评估了 ML(50 和 100 毫克/千克)和 DM(50 和 100 微克/千克)几种组合的麻醉效果。根据反射的消失和恢复情况确定了五个麻醉间隔。在测试剂量下,每种单独的药物都不能诱导适当的麻醉效果,而 ML50 + DM100、ML100 + DM50 和 ML100 + DM100 组合则能使手术麻醉间隔时间达到 60 至 360 分钟。总之,我们的研究结果表明,使用 ML 可以减少 DM 的剂量,从而降低这种 α2-受体激动剂不必要的麻醉效果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Laboratory Animals
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