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Pain management in zebrafish : Report from a FELASA Working Group. 斑马鱼的疼痛管理:FELASA 工作组的报告。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231198733
Lynne U Sneddon, Paul Schroeder, Ana Roque, Karin Finger-Baier, Angeleen Fleming, Simon Tinman, Bertrand Collet

Empirical evidence suggests fishes meet the criteria for experiencing pain beyond a reasonable doubt and zebrafish are being increasingly used in studies of pain and nociception. Zebrafish are adopted across a wide range of experimental fields and their use is growing particularly in biomedical studies. Many laboratory procedures in zebrafish involve tissue damage and this may give rise to pain. Therefore, this FELASA Working Group reviewed the evidence for pain in zebrafish, the indicators used to assess pain and the impact of a range of drugs with pain-relieving properties. We report that there are several behavioural indicators that can be used to determine pain, including reduced activity, space use and distance travelled. Pain-relieving drugs prevent these responses, and we highlight the dose and administration route. To minimise or avoid pain, several refinements are suggested for common laboratory procedures. Finally, practical suggestions are made for the management and alleviation of pain in laboratory zebrafish, including recommendations for analgesia. Pain management is an important refinement in experimental animal use and so our report has the potential to improve zebrafish welfare during and after invasive procedures in laboratories across the globe.

经验证据表明,鱼类毫无疑问符合体验疼痛的标准,斑马鱼正越来越多地被用于疼痛和痛觉研究。斑马鱼被广泛地应用于各个实验领域,尤其是在生物医学研究中,斑马鱼的应用日益广泛。斑马鱼的许多实验过程都涉及组织损伤,这可能会引起疼痛。因此,FELASA 工作组审查了斑马鱼疼痛的证据、用于评估疼痛的指标以及一系列具有止痛特性的药物的影响。我们报告说,有几种行为指标可用于确定疼痛,包括活动减少、空间利用和行走距离。镇痛药物可以防止这些反应,我们还强调了剂量和给药途径。为了最大限度地减少或避免疼痛,我们对常见的实验室程序提出了一些改进建议。最后,我们就如何管理和减轻实验斑马鱼的疼痛提出了实用建议,包括镇痛建议。疼痛管理是实验动物使用过程中的一项重要改进,因此我们的报告有可能改善全球实验室中斑马鱼在侵入性操作过程中和操作后的福利。
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引用次数: 0
Urinary bladder catheterisation of female pigs: Influence of bladder content and Escherichia coli urinary tract infection on procedural outcome. 雌猪膀胱导尿术:膀胱内容物和大肠杆菌尿路感染对手术结果的影响。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231169344
Kristian Stærk, Louise Langhorn, Bo Halle, Thomas Emil Andersen

Catheterisation of the urinary bladder is needed in many types of human disease models in pigs. Based on our extensive experience with the pig as an infection model, we here demonstrate an approach of catheterising domestic pigs (40 attempts) and Göttingen minipigs (10 attempts) using a blinded method, that is, without speculums or videoscopes to visualise the urethral opening. The procedure was tested on control animals and pigs with experimental Escherichia coli urinary tract infection (UTI) to assess the potential influence of this condition on procedural outcome. Lastly, we performed cystoscopy in three animals to visualise the route to the urethra and to localise potential anatomical obstacles. All domestic pigs were catheterised successfully in an average of 2 minutes and 23 seconds, and this was not influenced by UTI (p  =  0.06) or bladder urine content at the time of catheterisation (p = 0.32). All Göttingen minipigs were successfully catheterised in an average of 4 minutes and 27 seconds. We conclude that blinded catheterisation is a fast and reliable approach that can be performed in pigs with or without UTI with minimal risk of trauma or contamination.

在猪的多种人类疾病模型中,都需要对膀胱进行导尿。基于我们将猪作为感染模型的丰富经验,我们在此展示了一种采用盲法(即不使用窥器或视频镜观察尿道口)对家猪(40 次)和哥廷根小型猪(10 次)进行导尿的方法。我们还在对照组动物和患有实验性大肠杆菌尿路感染(UTI)的猪身上测试了该手术,以评估这种情况对手术结果的潜在影响。最后,我们对三头动物进行了膀胱镜检查,以观察通往尿道的路径并找出潜在的解剖障碍。所有家猪都在平均 2 分 23 秒的时间内成功导管,导管插入时UTI(p = 0.06)或膀胱尿液含量(p = 0.32)对导管插入没有影响。所有哥廷根小型猪平均在 4 分 27 秒内成功导管插入。我们的结论是,盲法导尿是一种快速、可靠的方法,无论猪是否患有尿道炎,都能在创伤或污染风险最小的情况下进行导尿。
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引用次数: 0
Bibliometric analysis on cannibalism/infanticide and maternal aggression towards pups in laboratory rodents. 关于实验室啮齿动物食人/杀婴行为和母性对幼崽攻击行为的文献计量分析。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231192030
José C Bravo, Lierni Ugartemendia, Arko Barman, Ana B Rodríguez, José A Pariente, Rafael Bravo

Animal welfare has evolved during the past decades to improve not only the quality of life of laboratory rodents but also the quality and reproducibility of scientific investigations. Bibliometric analysis has become an important tool to complete the current knowledge with academic databases. Our objective was to investigate whether scientific research on cannibalism/infanticide is connected with maternal aggression towards the offspring in laboratory rodents. To carry out our research, we performed a specific search for published articles on each concept. Results were analyzed in the open-source environment RStudio with the package Bibliometrix. We obtained 253 and 134 articles for the first search (cannibalism/infanticide) and the second search (maternal aggression towards the pups) respectively. We observed that the interest in infanticide/cannibalism started in the 1950s, while researchers started showing interest in maternal aggression towards the pups 30 years later. Our analyses indicated that maternal aggression had better citations in scientific literature. In addition, although our results showed some common features (e.g. oxytocin or medial preoptic area in the brain), we observed a gap between cannibalism/infanticide and maternal aggression towards the pups with only 14 published articles in common for both the searches. Therefore, we recommend researchers to combine both concepts in further investigations in the context of cannibalism for better dissemination and higher impact in laboratory rodents' welfare research.

过去几十年来,动物福利不断发展,不仅提高了实验室啮齿动物的生活质量,也提高了科学研究的质量和可重复性。文献计量分析已成为利用学术数据库完善现有知识的重要工具。我们的目的是调查有关食人/杀婴的科学研究是否与实验室啮齿动物对后代的母性攻击有关。为了开展研究,我们对每个概念的已发表文章进行了专门搜索。我们在开源环境 RStudio 中使用 Bibliometrix 软件包对结果进行了分析。在第一次搜索(食人/杀婴)和第二次搜索(母体对幼崽的攻击)中,我们分别获得了 253 篇和 134 篇文章。我们注意到,对食婴/杀婴行为的关注始于 20 世纪 50 年代,而研究人员对母性攻击幼崽行为的关注则始于 30 年后。我们的分析表明,母性攻击在科学文献中的引用率更高。此外,尽管我们的研究结果显示了一些共同特征(如催产素或大脑内侧视前区),但我们发现食人/杀婴行为与母性攻击幼崽行为之间存在差距,在这两项搜索中仅有 14 篇共同发表的文章。因此,我们建议研究人员在进一步研究食人行为时将这两个概念结合起来,以便在实验室啮齿动物福利研究中更好地传播并产生更大的影响。
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引用次数: 0
LAS around the globe. Balancing between bureaucracy and good science in Greece. 全球各地的 LAS。平衡希腊的官僚主义和良好科学。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231201076
Anastasia S Tsingotjidou
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引用次数: 0
Thanks to Reviewers 感谢审稿人
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1177/00236772241235569
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引用次数: 0
Comparing United States and European Union academic animal programs: Organization, operation, and services offered. 比较美国和欧盟学术动物项目:组织、运作和提供的服务。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231168925
Patricia Preisig, James D Macy, Jann Hau

The Yale Animal Resource Cost and Benchmarking survey©, conducted in US academic Animal Research/Resource Centers (ARC), was modified to capture similar thematic information in European Union (EU; including the non-EU countries Switzerland and the UK) academic ARCs, which are members of the League of European Research Universities (LERU). Participating institutions came from Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Scotland, Spain, and Switzerland. Survey data analysis suggests that: (a) in LERU programs, it is common to have more than one ARC under the umbrella of a single institution with organizational "lumping" of the financial, regulatory, and/or operational tasks under one administrative unit; (b) accreditation by an outside agency (e.g., the Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care) is more common in US than LERU ARCs; (c) LERU ARCs are responsible for murine breeding, which contrasts with US ARCs, where ∼40% of rodent breeding is managed by researchers; (d) cryopreservation is the most frequently requested fee-for-service offering among LERU participants (75% of participants) compared to 30% of US participants; (e) like US programs, almost all LERU programs have mice and rats, but fewer LERU programs have nonhuman primates (NHPs), and none have dogs on census; (f) LERU ARCs have about an equal amount of vivarium housing and procedure space, while US facilities have twice as much housing as procedure space; (g) a higher percentage of LERU colonies are free of Helicobacter and murine norovirus compared to US colonies; and (h) more LERU ARCs used environmental microbiologic monitoring of rodent colonies compared to US programs.

在美国学术动物研究/资源中心(ARC)进行的耶鲁大学动物资源成本和基准调查©进行了修改,以获取欧盟(EU;包括非欧盟国家瑞士和英国)学术ARC的类似主题信息,这些学术ARC是欧洲研究型大学联盟(LERU)的成员。参与机构来自丹麦、英国、芬兰、法国、德国、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、苏格兰、西班牙和瑞士。调查数据分析表明:(a)在LERU项目中,通常在一个机构的保护伞下有一个以上的ARC,将财务、监管和/或运营任务组织“集中”在一个行政单位下;(b) 由外部机构(如实验动物护理评估和认证协会)进行的认证在美国比LERU ARC更常见;(c) LERU ARC负责鼠的繁殖,这与美国ARC形成了鲜明对比,美国ARC 40%的啮齿动物繁殖由研究人员管理;(d) 冷冻保存是LERU参与者(75%的参与者)中最常要求的服务费用,而美国参与者的这一比例为30%;(e) 与美国的项目一样,几乎所有的LERU项目都有老鼠,但很少有LERU项目有非人类灵长类动物(NHP),也没有一个项目在人口普查中有狗;(f) LERU ARC拥有大约相等数量的动物饲养室住房和手术空间,而美国设施的住房是手术空间的两倍;(g) 与美国菌落相比,LERU菌落中不含幽门螺杆菌和鼠诺如病毒的百分比更高;和(h)与美国项目相比,更多的LERU ARC使用啮齿动物群落的环境微生物监测。
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引用次数: 0
Rats prefer condensed milk to strawberry jam - a new possibility for voluntary oral drug administration. 大鼠更喜欢炼乳而不是草莓酱--自愿口服药物的一种新可能性。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231194389
Mariana Ferreira-Duarte, Igor Moreira Lopes, Manuela Morato, Margarida Duarte-Araújo

Voluntary oral drug administration using sweet substances promotes rodents' therapeutic compliance while reducing stress induced by forced drug administration. We aimed to test whether rats would willingly eat strawberry jam or condensed milk from a syringe, and which one they would prefer. Our results show that rats prefer condensed milk, demonstrating its potential as a vehicle for the voluntary oral administration of drugs in experimental protocols.

使用甜味物质进行自愿口服给药可提高啮齿动物的治疗依从性,同时减少强制给药引起的应激反应。我们的目的是测试大鼠是否愿意从注射器中吃草莓酱或炼乳,以及它们更喜欢哪一种。我们的结果表明,大鼠更喜欢炼乳,这表明炼乳有可能成为实验方案中自愿口服给药的载体。
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引用次数: 0
Improving rat welfare through the development of a peribulbar anaesthesia technique for ophthalmic procedures: A preliminary study. 通过开发用于眼科手术的球周麻醉技术来改善大鼠的福利:一项初步研究。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231178433
Ady Eliav, Ron Ofri, Kelsey Brust, Yishai Kushnir, Yael Shilo-Benjamini

Rats are a commonly used animal model for the study of the pathogenesis and novel treatments of glaucoma, which is induced experimentally using invasive, painful procedures. Peribulbar anaesthesia (PBA) is frequently used in people and domestic animals prior to ophthalmic surgeries to provide excellent perioperative analgesia. Our goal was to develop a PBA technique adapted to rat anatomy, improving the welfare of animals used as a model for glaucoma. Eighteen rat cadavers (n = 36 eyes) were used to establish the optimal needle insertion location. Five injection techniques using 0.1 mL/100 g lidocaine 2% and a contrast agent (1:1 volume ratio) were compared via computed tomography (CT). CT images were scored for injectate distribution at four locations: extraconal, intraconal, around the optic nerve and at the orbital fissure (scale 0-8, where 0 = none and 8 = excellent). Median scores using the dorso-medial-75° (5; range 2-6) and medial-canthus (4.5; range 2-8) injection techniques were not different from the dorso-medial-45° (4; range 3-6) technique and were higher (better distribution) compared with mid-ventral (3; range 2-5) and ventro-lateral (2; range 1-3) techniques. The two superior techniques were used in two experimental rats (n = 4 eyes) to determine the volume of bupivacaine 0.5% necessary to affect corneal touch threshold (CTT) and periocular skin sensitivity (PSS). A volume of 0.05 mL/100 g decreased CTT and PSS for several hours, while a larger volume produced excessively long effects. Dorso-medial-75° or medial-canthus PBA using 0.05 mL/100 g bupivacaine are likely to provide ocular and periocular analgesia in rats, with minor transient adverse effects.

大鼠是研究青光眼发病机制和新治疗方法的常用动物模型,该模型是通过侵入性疼痛程序进行实验诱导的。在眼科手术之前,人们和家畜经常使用球周麻醉(PBA)来提供良好的围手术期镇痛。我们的目标是开发一种适用于大鼠解剖结构的PBA技术,改善用作青光眼模型的动物的福利。18具大鼠尸体(n = 36眼)来确定最佳的针头插入位置。使用0.1的五种注射技术 毫升/100 g利多卡因2%和造影剂(体积比1:1)通过计算机断层扫描(CT)进行比较。CT图像对四个位置的注射分布进行了评分:视神经外、视神经内、视神经周围和眶裂(0-8,其中0 = 无和8 = 优秀)。使用背内侧-75°(5;范围2-6)和内眼角(4.5;范围2-8)注射技术的中位得分与背内侧-45°(4;范围3-6)技术没有不同,并且与中腹(3;范围2-5)和腹外侧(2;范围1-3)技术相比更高(分布更好)。两种优越的技术用于两个实验大鼠(n = 4眼),以确定影响角膜接触阈值(CTT)和眼周皮肤敏感性(PSS)所需的0.5%布比卡因的体积。0.05的体积 毫升/100 g使CTT和PSS降低数小时,而较大的体积会产生过长的影响。背内侧-75°或内眼角PBA使用0.05 毫升/100 g布比卡因可能为大鼠提供眼部和眼周镇痛,有轻微的短暂不良反应。
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引用次数: 0
LASA 60th Annual Meeting - Championing Public Engagement with "Snippets of the 3Rs". 第 60 届 LASA 年会--"3R "片段倡导公众参与。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00236772241232911
Sophie Kimpton, Jamie Redden
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引用次数: 0
Twelve years after the ARRIVE guidelines: Animal research has not yet arrived at high standards. ARRIVE指南发布12年后:动物研究尚未达到高标准。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231181658
Junmin Song, Marco Solmi, Andre F Carvalho, Jae Il Shin, John Pa Ioannidis

The reproducibility crisis across animal studies jeopardizes the credibility of the main findings derived from animal research, even though these findings are critical for informing human studies. To clarify and improve transparency among animal studies, the ARRIVE reporting guidelines were first announced in 2010 and upgraded to version 2.0 in 2020. However, compliance with and awareness of those reporting guidelines has remained suboptimal. Journal editors should encourage the authors to adhere to those guidelines. Authors, editors, referees, and reviewers should be aware of the ARRIVE guideline 2.0 when assessing and evaluating the methodology and findings of animal studies. However, we should also question whether reporting guidelines alone can change a research culture and improve the reproducibility of animal investigations. Reported research may not reflect actual research. Large segments of animal research efforts are wasted because of poor design choices and because of non-publication rather than suboptimal reporting. Better training of the scientific workforce, interventions at improving animal research at the design stage, registration practices, and alignment of the reward system with the publication of rigorous animal research may achieve more than reporting guidelines alone.

动物研究的再现性危机危及动物研究的主要发现的可信度,尽管这些发现对人类研究至关重要。为了澄清和提高动物研究的透明度,ARRIVE报告指南于2010年首次公布,并于2020年升级至2.0版。然而,对这些报告准则的遵守和认识仍然不够理想。期刊编辑应该鼓励作者遵守这些准则。在评估和评估动物研究的方法和结果时,作者、编辑、推荐人和评审员应了解ARRIVE指南2.0。然而,我们也应该质疑单独的报告指南是否可以改变研究文化并提高动物研究的可重复性。报道的研究可能无法反映实际研究。由于设计选择不当,以及未发表而非次优报告,动物研究工作的大部分都被浪费了。对科学工作者进行更好的培训,在设计阶段采取干预措施改善动物研究,注册实践,以及将奖励制度与严格的动物研究的出版相结合,可能不仅仅是报告指南。
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引用次数: 0
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Laboratory Animals
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