Outbred stocks of mice are widely used in pre-clinical research as these animals possess a diversified genetic background when compared with inbred strains of mice. It is crucial to assess particular alterations in the physiological and functional profiles of laboratory animals using haematological and biochemical indicators. These values can also differ between laboratories because they are influenced by many different factors. We aimed to provide normal values and reference intervals for selected haematology and biochemistry analytes of 570 ICR mice at three different ages: 6-8 weeks, 10-14 weeks and 6-9 months. Reference values were calculated by non-parametric methods. For comparisons between sexes, the independent-sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test were employed, and analysis of variance was used for age differences. The findings of the study revealed age-related declines in haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations. Mice aged 6-9 months had statistically higher platelet counts in their blood than mice of other ages. The white blood cell count had a significant age effect and progressively decreased with age. As mice get older, the percentage of neutrophils, monocytes and basophils increases, but the percentage of lymphocytes decreases. For the biochemical values, age-related significant differences in glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin concentrations were found. It was also found that creatinine concentrations were comparable across all age ranges. The values presented in the present work can be used as a reference to interpret clinical pathology data for other studies and to evaluate health status.
与近交系小鼠相比,近交系小鼠具有多样化的遗传背景,因此被广泛用于临床前研究。使用血液学和生化指标评估实验动物生理和功能特征的特定变化至关重要。由于受到许多不同因素的影响,这些数值在不同实验室之间也可能存在差异。我们的目标是为 570 只 ICR 小鼠在三个不同年龄段的选定血液学和生物化学分析指标提供正常值和参考区间:6-8周、10-14周和6-9个月。参考值采用非参数方法计算。性别间的比较采用独立样本 t 检验和曼-惠特尼检验,年龄差异采用方差分析。研究结果显示,血红蛋白浓度、血细胞比容、平均血球容积和平均血红蛋白浓度的下降与年龄有关。据统计,6-9 个月大的小鼠血液中血小板计数高于其他年龄段的小鼠。白细胞计数有明显的年龄效应,并随着年龄的增长而逐渐减少。随着小鼠年龄的增长,中性粒细胞、单核细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的比例会增加,但淋巴细胞的比例会下降。在生化值方面,发现葡萄糖、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶和白蛋白的浓度存在与年龄相关的显著差异。研究还发现,各年龄段的肌酐浓度相当。本研究提供的数值可作为其他研究解释临床病理学数据和评估健康状况的参考。
{"title":"Establishment of reference intervals of haematology and biochemistry analytes in ICR mice of different ages.","authors":"Suresh Patel, Satish Patel, Ashvin Kotadiya, Samir Patel, Bhavesh Shrimali, Tushar Patel, Harshida Trivedi, Vishal Patel, Jogeswar Mahapatra, Mukul Jain","doi":"10.1177/00236772241260909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772241260909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outbred stocks of mice are widely used in pre-clinical research as these animals possess a diversified genetic background when compared with inbred strains of mice. It is crucial to assess particular alterations in the physiological and functional profiles of laboratory animals using haematological and biochemical indicators. These values can also differ between laboratories because they are influenced by many different factors. We aimed to provide normal values and reference intervals for selected haematology and biochemistry analytes of 570 ICR mice at three different ages: 6-8 weeks, 10-14 weeks and 6-9 months. Reference values were calculated by non-parametric methods. For comparisons between sexes, the independent-sample <i>t</i>-test and Mann-Whitney test were employed, and analysis of variance was used for age differences. The findings of the study revealed age-related declines in haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations. Mice aged 6-9 months had statistically higher platelet counts in their blood than mice of other ages. The white blood cell count had a significant age effect and progressively decreased with age. As mice get older, the percentage of neutrophils, monocytes and basophils increases, but the percentage of lymphocytes decreases. For the biochemical values, age-related significant differences in glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin concentrations were found. It was also found that creatinine concentrations were comparable across all age ranges. The values presented in the present work can be used as a reference to interpret clinical pathology data for other studies and to evaluate health status.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772241260909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1177/00236772241259857
Stéphane Tanguy, Agathe Cambier, Leandro Fontana-Pires, Timothé Flenet, Charles Eynard, Julie Fontecave-Jalon, Pierre-Yves Gumery, François Boucher
The development of alternative methods for monitoring cardiorespiratory function without restraint or surgical implantation is attracting growing interest for both ethical and scientific reasons. For this purpose, a new non-invasive jacketed telemetry tool consisting in a radio device maintained in a jacket worn by the animal was previously developed to improve cardiorespiratory monitoring. It allows simultaneous monitoring of cardiac activity by surface electrocardiagram, respiratory function by respiratory inductive plethysmography, and locomotor activity by accelerometry. However, this tool has only been validated under conditions of low/intermediate activity levels or in anesthetized animals. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using this system in the challenging conditions of an exertion protocol. Male Wistar rats (n = 10, 8-9 weeks old) were subjected to an incremental treadmill exercise protocol including speed levels from 5 to 40 cm s-1 separated by 30-s breaks. Heart rate (HR) and minute ventilation (assessed by minute volume; MV) were continuously monitored. At the end of each running level and during the 30-s breaks, HR and MV showed a significant increase compared to resting values. They returned to the baseline within 60 min of post-exercise recovery. Overall, our results demonstrated (i) the ability of the animal to run while wearing the device and (ii) the ability of the device to reliably monitor cardiorespiratory adaptation to treadmill exercise despite significant mechanical disturbances. In conclusion, this study highlights the possibility of non-invasively monitoring cardiorespiratory functional variables that were previously unattainable under conditions of high activity in freely moving animals.
{"title":"Jacketed telemetry in rats: a novel non-invasive method for cardiorespiratory phenotyping during treadmill exercise.","authors":"Stéphane Tanguy, Agathe Cambier, Leandro Fontana-Pires, Timothé Flenet, Charles Eynard, Julie Fontecave-Jalon, Pierre-Yves Gumery, François Boucher","doi":"10.1177/00236772241259857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772241259857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of alternative methods for monitoring cardiorespiratory function without restraint or surgical implantation is attracting growing interest for both ethical and scientific reasons. For this purpose, a new non-invasive jacketed telemetry tool consisting in a radio device maintained in a jacket worn by the animal was previously developed to improve cardiorespiratory monitoring. It allows simultaneous monitoring of cardiac activity by surface electrocardiagram, respiratory function by respiratory inductive plethysmography, and locomotor activity by accelerometry. However, this tool has only been validated under conditions of low/intermediate activity levels or in anesthetized animals. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using this system in the challenging conditions of an exertion protocol. Male Wistar rats (<i>n</i> = 10, 8-9 weeks old) were subjected to an incremental treadmill exercise protocol including speed levels from 5 to 40 cm s<sup>-1</sup> separated by 30-s breaks. Heart rate (HR) and minute ventilation (assessed by minute volume; MV) were continuously monitored. At the end of each running level and during the 30-s breaks, HR and MV showed a significant increase compared to resting values. They returned to the baseline within 60 min of post-exercise recovery. Overall, our results demonstrated (i) the ability of the animal to run while wearing the device and (ii) the ability of the device to reliably monitor cardiorespiratory adaptation to treadmill exercise despite significant mechanical disturbances. In conclusion, this study highlights the possibility of non-invasively monitoring cardiorespiratory functional variables that were previously unattainable under conditions of high activity in freely moving animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772241259857"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1177/00236772241244527
Ismene A Dontas, Derek J Fry, David I Lewis, Kenneth Applebee, Martje Fentener van Vlissingen, Katerina Marinou, Johannes Schenkel
This document provides assessment criteria for evaluation of each of the Learning Outcomes of the Modules specified (in addition to the Core Modules) for those designing procedures and projects in the Education and Training Framework guidance document by the European Commission and endorsed by the Member States Competent Authorities. This Working Group was tasked to produce these criteria by the Education & Training Platform for Laboratory Animal Science, which was funded by the European Commission to this aim. The assessment criteria address knowledge and skills (including critical thinking) expected to be acquired during education and training of persons preparing to design research procedures and projects using animals under the scope of Directive 2010/63/EU. Recognizing the diversity of expertise and experiences of those being educated and trained, we provide two levels of attainment, an ideal response and one that would be acceptable for each Learning Outcome. The balance between ideal and acceptable could be decided by the particular course providers and/or assessors, according to their local requirements. We envisage that the use of these assessment criteria by training providers and accrediting or approving bodies will help harmonize the education and training for those who will design procedures and projects using animals for scientific purposes. In Europe, this may also contribute to mutual recognition of training, and facilitate free movement of scientists.
{"title":"Guidance on the assessment of learning outcomes for those designing procedures and projects - Report of an ETPLAS Working Group.","authors":"Ismene A Dontas, Derek J Fry, David I Lewis, Kenneth Applebee, Martje Fentener van Vlissingen, Katerina Marinou, Johannes Schenkel","doi":"10.1177/00236772241244527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772241244527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This document provides assessment criteria for evaluation of each of the Learning Outcomes of the Modules specified (in addition to the Core Modules) for those designing procedures and projects in the Education and Training Framework guidance document by the European Commission and endorsed by the Member States Competent Authorities. This Working Group was tasked to produce these criteria by the Education & Training Platform for Laboratory Animal Science, which was funded by the European Commission to this aim. The assessment criteria address knowledge and skills (including critical thinking) expected to be acquired during education and training of persons preparing to design research procedures and projects using animals under the scope of Directive 2010/63/EU. Recognizing the diversity of expertise and experiences of those being educated and trained, we provide two levels of attainment, an ideal response and one that would be acceptable for each Learning Outcome. The balance between ideal and acceptable could be decided by the particular course providers and/or assessors, according to their local requirements. We envisage that the use of these assessment criteria by training providers and accrediting or approving bodies will help harmonize the education and training for those who will design procedures and projects using animals for scientific purposes. In Europe, this may also contribute to mutual recognition of training, and facilitate free movement of scientists.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772241244527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1177/00236772241257132
Marcia S C Oliveira, Tatiana X Castro, Camila F Baez, Simone Ramos, Gabriel R Azevedo, Carolina M de Castro, Ana Clara SS de Paula, Laura MB Levy, Emanuelle da S do Nascimento, Rafael B Varella
This study aimed to investigate the presence of murine astrovirus (MuAstV) in Brazil. Fecal samples from mice belonging to four Brazilian animal facilities were collected and tested for MuAstV using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of the 162 samples tested, 38 (23.5%) were positive for MuAstV, 33 (91.7%) of which came from specific-pathogen free colonies. Although most of the samples were obtained from asymptomatic animals, three mice presented diarrheal symptoms, and MuAstV was the only agent detected by molecular assay. Phylogenetic analysis revealed similarities between the MuAstV strains from this study and prototypes from the USA. MuAstV’s high prevalence, environmental stability, genetic diversity and potential for persistent infections must be considered when evaluating health monitoring programs for laboratory rodents.
{"title":"Murine astrovirus (MuAstV) infection in mouse facilities in Brazil: First South American report","authors":"Marcia S C Oliveira, Tatiana X Castro, Camila F Baez, Simone Ramos, Gabriel R Azevedo, Carolina M de Castro, Ana Clara SS de Paula, Laura MB Levy, Emanuelle da S do Nascimento, Rafael B Varella","doi":"10.1177/00236772241257132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772241257132","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the presence of murine astrovirus (MuAstV) in Brazil. Fecal samples from mice belonging to four Brazilian animal facilities were collected and tested for MuAstV using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of the 162 samples tested, 38 (23.5%) were positive for MuAstV, 33 (91.7%) of which came from specific-pathogen free colonies. Although most of the samples were obtained from asymptomatic animals, three mice presented diarrheal symptoms, and MuAstV was the only agent detected by molecular assay. Phylogenetic analysis revealed similarities between the MuAstV strains from this study and prototypes from the USA. MuAstV’s high prevalence, environmental stability, genetic diversity and potential for persistent infections must be considered when evaluating health monitoring programs for laboratory rodents.","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":"4 1","pages":"236772241257132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of obtaining vital sign information using a laser and radar sensor in a manner that is non-invasive and painless for test animals. A dataset was obtained from respiratory movement of anaesthetized male F344 rats, signals of laser and radar sensors were recorded simultaneously with vital data acquired with an integrated multiple-channel intraoperative monitor. In addition, respiratory movements were also video recorded, and used as reference data of respiration rate (RR; ref-RR). Reference data for heart rate (HR; ref-HR) were obtained from the R wave of electrocardiogram data for each epoch. Signals recorded from the radar sensor (I- and Q-signals) were input to a computer, and HR (radar-HR) and RR (radar-RR) were estimated using the frequency analysis method. Among the six positions where respiratory movements were measured by the laser sensor, the number of peak counts matched the visual counts of respiratory movements in the video records. The respiratory movements were significantly the greatest over the most caudal rib in the dorsal ( p < 0.001). The average radar-RR and ref-RR values showed correspondence (ref-RR, 69 ± 6.2 breaths/min; radar-RR, 68 ± 5.7 breaths/min ( p = 0.04–1.00); equivalence ratio, 86%). The radar-HR data showed slight variability; however, there was 80% homology compared with the ref-HR values (ref-HR, 336 ± 19.6 beats/min; radar-HR, 348 ± 34.1 ( p = 0.10–0.95)). Although comparison of the data under noradrenaline administration failed to track drug-induced changes in some cases, the HR and RR data of anesthetized rats measured from the radar sensor system showed comparable accuracy to other conventional methods.
{"title":"Non-invasive acquisition of vital data in anesthetized rats using laser and radar application","authors":"Toshiaki Kawabe, Shota Kita, Isao Ohmura, Ryuji Michino, Hidenori Watanabe, Guanghao Sun, Seiya Inoue","doi":"10.1177/00236772241265541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772241265541","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of obtaining vital sign information using a laser and radar sensor in a manner that is non-invasive and painless for test animals. A dataset was obtained from respiratory movement of anaesthetized male F344 rats, signals of laser and radar sensors were recorded simultaneously with vital data acquired with an integrated multiple-channel intraoperative monitor. In addition, respiratory movements were also video recorded, and used as reference data of respiration rate (RR; ref-RR). Reference data for heart rate (HR; ref-HR) were obtained from the R wave of electrocardiogram data for each epoch. Signals recorded from the radar sensor (I- and Q-signals) were input to a computer, and HR (radar-HR) and RR (radar-RR) were estimated using the frequency analysis method. Among the six positions where respiratory movements were measured by the laser sensor, the number of peak counts matched the visual counts of respiratory movements in the video records. The respiratory movements were significantly the greatest over the most caudal rib in the dorsal ( p < 0.001). The average radar-RR and ref-RR values showed correspondence (ref-RR, 69 ± 6.2 breaths/min; radar-RR, 68 ± 5.7 breaths/min ( p = 0.04–1.00); equivalence ratio, 86%). The radar-HR data showed slight variability; however, there was 80% homology compared with the ref-HR values (ref-HR, 336 ± 19.6 beats/min; radar-HR, 348 ± 34.1 ( p = 0.10–0.95)). Although comparison of the data under noradrenaline administration failed to track drug-induced changes in some cases, the HR and RR data of anesthetized rats measured from the radar sensor system showed comparable accuracy to other conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":"133 1","pages":"236772241265541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1177/00236772241273010
Steven E M Poos, Bob P Hermans, Harry van Goor, Richard P G Ten Broek
Novel interventions for seroma prevention are urgently needed in clinical practice. Animal models are pivotal tools for testing these interventions; however, a significant translational gap persists between clinical and animal model outcomes. This systematic review aims to assess the methodological characteristics and quality of animal models utilized for seroma prevention. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the expected seroma incidence rate for control groups and determine the effect size of typical interventions. We systematically retrieved all studies describing animal models in which seroma formation was induced. Methodological characteristics, risks of bias, and study quality were assessed. Seroma volume and -incidence data were used for the meta-analysis. In total, 55 studies were included, with 42 eligible for meta-analysis. Rats (69%) were the most frequently used species, with mastectomy (50%) being the predominant surgical procedure in these models. Despite significant risks of bias across all studies, an improving trend in reporting quality per decade was observed. The meta-analysis revealed an average seroma incidence of 90% in typical control groups. The average intervention halved the seroma incidence (RR = 0.49; CI 0.35, 0.70) and significantly reduced seroma volume (SMD = -3.31; CI -4.21, -2.41), although notable heterogeneity was present. In conclusion, animal models for seroma prevention exhibit methodological flaws and multiple risks of bias. Implementing sufficiently powered positive and negative control groups could improve the internal validity of these models. More research is needed for further development of animal seroma models.
{"title":"Animal models for preventing seroma after surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Steven E M Poos, Bob P Hermans, Harry van Goor, Richard P G Ten Broek","doi":"10.1177/00236772241273010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772241273010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Novel interventions for seroma prevention are urgently needed in clinical practice. Animal models are pivotal tools for testing these interventions; however, a significant translational gap persists between clinical and animal model outcomes. This systematic review aims to assess the methodological characteristics and quality of animal models utilized for seroma prevention. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the expected seroma incidence rate for control groups and determine the effect size of typical interventions. We systematically retrieved all studies describing animal models in which seroma formation was induced. Methodological characteristics, risks of bias, and study quality were assessed. Seroma volume and -incidence data were used for the meta-analysis. In total, 55 studies were included, with 42 eligible for meta-analysis. Rats (69%) were the most frequently used species, with mastectomy (50%) being the predominant surgical procedure in these models. Despite significant risks of bias across all studies, an improving trend in reporting quality per decade was observed. The meta-analysis revealed an average seroma incidence of 90% in typical control groups. The average intervention halved the seroma incidence (RR = 0.49; CI 0.35, 0.70) and significantly reduced seroma volume (SMD = -3.31; CI -4.21, -2.41), although notable heterogeneity was present. In conclusion, animal models for seroma prevention exhibit methodological flaws and multiple risks of bias. Implementing sufficiently powered positive and negative control groups could improve the internal validity of these models. More research is needed for further development of animal seroma models.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772241273010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1177/00236772241259089
Heidi L Morahan, Shari Cohen, Lisa Bero, Kieron B Rooney
There has been intense focus on improving the quality of animal research in recent times. An emerging concept of a 'culture of care' has been proposed as another important pillar to enhance scientific quality, with staff well-being being a critical aspect. Professionals working with research animals can face moral and psychological burdens and are at risk of experiencing work-related stress. However, data on the global prevalence of stress in this population is limited. Equally, it is not clear how these stresses manifest, and what impact they might have on an individual's workplace performance and research quality. The purpose of this review was to identify work-related stress, its prevalence, and map evidence on strategies to mitigate stresses. We also set out to identify studies assessing the association between work-related stress and research quality. A systematic search was conducted across four databases, in addition to hand searching relevant references. We included peer-reviewed publications describing work-related stress, culture of care and laboratory animal professionals. A total of 49 publications were included for data mapping. Compassion fatigue was the most frequently described work-related stress, and its prevalence across Europe and North America is likely to be widespread. Multiple strategies to mitigate compassion fatigue and work-related stress were put forward, however, limited empirical evidence was available to assess success. Moreover, no studies reported empirical data linking work-related stress with research quality, despite several publications stating the case. Further population-specific research and measured assessments are urgently needed to deliver culture of care programmes to improve human well-being, animal welfare and research quality.
{"title":"The culture of care to enhance laboratory animal personnel well-being: a scoping review.","authors":"Heidi L Morahan, Shari Cohen, Lisa Bero, Kieron B Rooney","doi":"10.1177/00236772241259089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772241259089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been intense focus on improving the quality of animal research in recent times. An emerging concept of a 'culture of care' has been proposed as another important pillar to enhance scientific quality, with staff well-being being a critical aspect. Professionals working with research animals can face moral and psychological burdens and are at risk of experiencing work-related stress. However, data on the global prevalence of stress in this population is limited. Equally, it is not clear how these stresses manifest, and what impact they might have on an individual's workplace performance and research quality. The purpose of this review was to identify work-related stress, its prevalence, and map evidence on strategies to mitigate stresses. We also set out to identify studies assessing the association between work-related stress and research quality. A systematic search was conducted across four databases, in addition to hand searching relevant references. We included peer-reviewed publications describing work-related stress, culture of care and laboratory animal professionals. A total of 49 publications were included for data mapping. Compassion fatigue was the most frequently described work-related stress, and its prevalence across Europe and North America is likely to be widespread. Multiple strategies to mitigate compassion fatigue and work-related stress were put forward, however, limited empirical evidence was available to assess success. Moreover, no studies reported empirical data linking work-related stress with research quality, despite several publications stating the case. Further population-specific research and measured assessments are urgently needed to deliver culture of care programmes to improve human well-being, animal welfare and research quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772241259089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1177/00236772241257726
Minkyoung Sung, Soo-Eun Sung, Joo-Hee Choi, Yujeong Lee, Kyung-Ku Kang, SunHee Park, Duyeol Kim, Sijoon Lee
Although pulmonary adenomas have been reported in ICR mice, spontaneous adenomas have not been reported in mice aged ≤10 weeks. Here, we report a well-circumscribed nodule (1 mm × 1 mm) in the peripheral lesion of the left lateral lobe of a 10-week-old male ICR mouse. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a well-demarcated nodule compressing the surrounding tissue. The neoplastic cells were polygonal with indistinct cellular borders, round/oval nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. These characteristics led to the diagnosis of type II cell-derived bronchioloalveolar adenoma. Given that they are generally observed in aged laboratory animals, this case represents a rare manifestation of a spontaneous tumor in young laboratory mice before puberty.
{"title":"Spontaneous type II cell-derived bronchioloalveolar adenoma in a young ICR mouse.","authors":"Minkyoung Sung, Soo-Eun Sung, Joo-Hee Choi, Yujeong Lee, Kyung-Ku Kang, SunHee Park, Duyeol Kim, Sijoon Lee","doi":"10.1177/00236772241257726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772241257726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although pulmonary adenomas have been reported in ICR mice, spontaneous adenomas have not been reported in mice aged ≤10 weeks. Here, we report a well-circumscribed nodule (1 mm × 1 mm) in the peripheral lesion of the left lateral lobe of a 10-week-old male ICR mouse. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a well-demarcated nodule compressing the surrounding tissue. The neoplastic cells were polygonal with indistinct cellular borders, round/oval nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. These characteristics led to the diagnosis of type II cell-derived bronchioloalveolar adenoma. Given that they are generally observed in aged laboratory animals, this case represents a rare manifestation of a spontaneous tumor in young laboratory mice before puberty.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772241257726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1177/00236772241259618
Tilen Vake, Tomaž Snoj, Maja Čemažar, Urša Lampreht Tratar, Urban Stupan, Alenka Seliškar, Jan Plut, Tina Kosjek, Helena Plešnik, Marina Štukelj
Increasing use of pigs as models in translational research, and growing focus on animal welfare are leading to better use of effective analgesics and anaesthetics when painful procedures are performed. However, there is a gap in basic knowledge such as pharmacokinetics of different anaesthetics in these species. The main objective of our study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine in domestic pigs. Twelve female grower pigs weighing 31.17 ± 4.6 kg were subjected to general anaesthesia and experimental surgery, at the end of which they received 1 mg/kg levobupivacaine via peri-incisional subcutaneous infiltration. Plasma samples were collected before administration of levobupivacaine and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h thereafter. Concentrations of levobupivacaine were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Following single dose of levobupivacaine, all animals had measurable plasma concentrations 0.5 h after drug administration, with most peak concentrations observed at the 1-h time point. In all 12 animals, levobupivacaine was below the limit of quantification 48 h after drug administration. The mean maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve and half-life were determined to be 809.98 μg/l, 6552.46 μg/l h and 6.25 h, respectively. Plasma clearance, volume of distribution and weight-normalized volume of distribution were 4.41 l/h, 35.57 l and 1.23 l/kg, respectively. Peak plasma concentrations in our study were well below concentrations that were found to produce toxicity in pigs.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of single dose levobupivacaine after peri-incisional subcutaneous infiltration in anaesthetized domestic pigs.","authors":"Tilen Vake, Tomaž Snoj, Maja Čemažar, Urša Lampreht Tratar, Urban Stupan, Alenka Seliškar, Jan Plut, Tina Kosjek, Helena Plešnik, Marina Štukelj","doi":"10.1177/00236772241259618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772241259618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing use of pigs as models in translational research, and growing focus on animal welfare are leading to better use of effective analgesics and anaesthetics when painful procedures are performed. However, there is a gap in basic knowledge such as pharmacokinetics of different anaesthetics in these species. The main objective of our study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine in domestic pigs. Twelve female grower pigs weighing 31.17 ± 4.6 kg were subjected to general anaesthesia and experimental surgery, at the end of which they received 1 mg/kg levobupivacaine via peri-incisional subcutaneous infiltration. Plasma samples were collected before administration of levobupivacaine and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h thereafter. Concentrations of levobupivacaine were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Following single dose of levobupivacaine, all animals had measurable plasma concentrations 0.5 h after drug administration, with most peak concentrations observed at the 1-h time point. In all 12 animals, levobupivacaine was below the limit of quantification 48 h after drug administration. The mean maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve and half-life were determined to be 809.98 μg/l, 6552.46 μg/l h and 6.25 h, respectively. Plasma clearance, volume of distribution and weight-normalized volume of distribution were 4.41 l/h, 35.57 l and 1.23 l/kg, respectively. Peak plasma concentrations in our study were well below concentrations that were found to produce toxicity in pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772241259618"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1177/00236772241246370
Pablo Vázquez-Borsetti
The rat is one of the most employed animal models in biomedicine. Traditionally, weight gain has been utilized to gauge development and compare across species. Numerous studies have conducted longitudinal analyses of rat development, with emphasis on weight gain analysis. Given the high variability in these patterns, experimental data from a single laboratory may not be reliable for generalized estimation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different factors on the pattern of weight gain during rat development. A literature survey was conducted to compile a database comprising nearly 300 data points of age and weight from 15 longitudinal studies. The database comprised both pre- and postnatal data. Utilizing the Gompertz equation, the data was analyzed to formulate a comprehensive model describing rat development. Differences in growth patterns became increasingly evident at later developmental stages, when significant differences in the maximum asymptote between sexes and strains were reached.
{"title":"Variability in rat weight gain during development.","authors":"Pablo Vázquez-Borsetti","doi":"10.1177/00236772241246370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772241246370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rat is one of the most employed animal models in biomedicine. Traditionally, weight gain has been utilized to gauge development and compare across species. Numerous studies have conducted longitudinal analyses of rat development, with emphasis on weight gain analysis. Given the high variability in these patterns, experimental data from a single laboratory may not be reliable for generalized estimation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different factors on the pattern of weight gain during rat development. A literature survey was conducted to compile a database comprising nearly 300 data points of age and weight from 15 longitudinal studies. The database comprised both pre- and postnatal data. Utilizing the Gompertz equation, the data was analyzed to formulate a comprehensive model describing rat development. Differences in growth patterns became increasingly evident at later developmental stages, when significant differences in the maximum asymptote between sexes and strains were reached.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772241246370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}