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Comparing United States and European Union academic animal programs: Finances. 比较美国和欧盟学术动物项目:资金。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231152749
Patricia Preisig, James D Macy, Jann Hau

The Yale Animal Resource Cost and Benchmarking survey, conducted in United States (US) academic animal research/resource centres (ARC), was modified to capture similar information in European Union (EU) (including the non-EU countries Switzerland and the United Kingdom) academic ARCs, who are members of the League of European Research Universities (LERU). Participating institutions came from Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Scotland, Spain and Switzerland. Survey data analysis suggests that (a) per diem rates have similar compositions in LERU and US programs, with >50% of the rates dedicated to recovering salary and fringe, followed by supplies (∼25%), facility costs (∼10%) and other expenses (∼15%); (b)  ∼60% of US and LERU programs under-recover mouse care costs; (c) on average, LERU programs have a small positive net-operating balance, while US programs average a large deficit; (d) in LERU programs <50% of institutions fund the animal program deficit, while in US programs almost 100% of such deficits are covered by the institution; and (e) when setting per diem rates, both US and LERU programs rank cost accounting as the most influential factor. Both US and LERU programs are reluctant to raise per diem rates to the extent required to recover costs and, thus, continue to under-recover costs, resulting in the animal program being 'caught in the middle' between the competing financial challenges of investigator 'affordability' and the animal program's fiduciary responsibility to the institution.

在美国学术动物研究/资源中心(ARC)进行的耶鲁大学动物资源成本和基准调查进行了修改,以获取欧洲研究型大学联盟(LERU)成员、欧盟(EU)(包括非欧盟国家瑞士和英国)学术动物研究中心的类似信息。参与机构来自丹麦、英国、芬兰、法国、德国、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、苏格兰、西班牙和瑞士。调查数据分析表明,(a)在LERU和美国项目中,每日津贴率的构成相似,50%以上用于收回工资和福利,其次是用品(~25%)、设施成本(~10%)和其他费用(~15%);(b) ∼60%的美国和LERU项目低于恢复小鼠护理成本;(c) 平均而言,LERU项目的净运营余额为正,而美国项目的平均赤字为大;(d) 在LERU程序中
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引用次数: 0
Software for animal randomization: A tool for increasing the reproducibility of science. 动物随机化软件:增加科学再现性的工具。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231194957
Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso, Natiele Carla da Silva Ferreira, Matheus de Araripe Lopes Correa, Sérgio Alves da Silva, Luiz Anastacio Alves

Poorly designed preclinical studies may compromise human health due to erroneous conclusions regarding treatment effects in addition to contributing to experimental irreproducibility and wasted resources. Randomization is one of the crucial steps to enhance scientific rigor and is a commonly recognized bias-reducing instrument that increases the reliability and reproduction of studies involving animals (even with syngeneic animals). This procedure should be considered when planning a study and reported during data publication. In this context, this work aimed to highlight the importance of adopting quality measures in preclinical trials, with an emphasis on animal randomization. The 'Mouse Randomization' app was developed to help researchers estimate an adequate sample size to obtain significant statistical power, ensuring the ethical use of animals. This app is freely available on the internet to carry out animal randomization and calculate sample sizes for in vivo experiments. We believe that this brief discussion about animal randomization could raise awareness among researchers on how to improve the quality of preclinical research, increasing reproducibility and avoiding animal misuse.

设计不当的临床前研究可能会由于关于治疗效果的错误结论而损害人类健康,此外还会导致实验的不可重复性和资源浪费。随机化是提高科学严谨性的关键步骤之一,也是一种公认的减少偏见的工具,可以提高涉及动物(甚至是同基因动物)的研究的可靠性和繁殖能力。在规划研究时应考虑此程序,并在数据发布期间报告。在这种情况下,这项工作旨在强调在临床前试验中采用质量措施的重要性,重点是动物随机化。开发“老鼠随机化”应用程序是为了帮助研究人员估计足够的样本量,以获得显著的统计能力,确保动物的道德使用。该应用程序在互联网上免费提供,用于进行动物随机化和计算体内实验的样本量。我们相信,关于动物随机化的简短讨论可以提高研究人员对如何提高临床前研究质量、提高再现性和避免动物滥用的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Words from the FELASA President. FELASA 主席的话
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00236772241242736
Klas Abelson
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引用次数: 0
Validation of computed tomography as a diagnostic tool in guinea pigs with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 计算机断层扫描作为非酒精性脂肪性肝病豚鼠诊断工具的验证
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231182511
Kristine Lintrup, David Højland Ipsen, Josephine Skat-Rørdam, Jens Lykkesfeldt, Pernille Tveden-Nyborg, Lene Elisabeth Buelund

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and subsequent steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common cause of liver disease and liver transplantation in humans. Affecting millions of patients worldwide, diagnosis relies on a biopsy, not without risk to the patient, and emphasises the need for improved diagnostic measures to determine and monitor disease progression. Despite intensive research, approved pharmacological treatment modalities are few, underlining that animal models with increased translational validity are important to advance preclinical drug development. This study validates the applicability of computed tomography (CT) as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for the assessment of liver steatosis in a guinea pig model of NAFLD/NASH. Guinea pigs with induced NAFLD or NASH were compared to healthy controls at two separate time points: week 16, serving as baseline measure, and week 25 to monitor disease progression over time. The animals were subsequently euthanised, and samples were collected to confirm disease stage. The data showed a strong negative correlation between liver triglycerides and Hounsfield unit (HU) values (R2 = 0.8157; p < 0.0001). A significant difference in histopathological scoring and HU values between grade 0 and more advanced stages of steatosis was recorded (p < 0.001), although the degree of liver fibrosis could not be accurately evaluated by differences in HU. In conclusion, the present study validates CT scanning for the determination of hepatic steatosis in guinea pigs, and it strongly supports the technique as a relevant non-invasive diagnostic tool in this species.

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)和随后的脂肪性肝炎(NASH)是人类肝脏疾病和肝移植的最常见原因。该病影响着全世界数百万患者,诊断依赖于活检,对患者并非没有风险,并强调需要改进诊断措施,以确定和监测疾病进展。尽管进行了深入的研究,但批准的药物治疗方式很少,这表明具有更高翻译有效性的动物模型对推进临床前药物开发非常重要。本研究在豚鼠NAFLD/NASH模型中验证了计算机断层扫描(CT)作为评估肝脏脂肪变性的非侵入性诊断工具的适用性。在两个不同的时间点,将诱导NAFLD或NASH的豚鼠与健康对照进行比较:第16周作为基线测量,第25周监测疾病随时间的进展。随后对这些动物实施安乐死,并收集样本以确认疾病阶段。数据显示肝脏甘油三酯与Hounsfield单位(HU)值呈显著负相关(R2 = 0.8157;p p
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引用次数: 0
Watch out for five felasa working group recommendations. 关注 felasa 工作组的五项建议。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00236772241242729
Livia D'Angelo
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引用次数: 0
Eugenol as anesthetic for Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae). Eugenol作为去甲Cnesterodon decemmaculatus(Cyprinodonformes,Poecilidae)的麻醉剂。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231192020
Maria C Vercellini, Ramiro Rearte, Luca di Cesare, Miguel A Ayala, Martin M Montes

Anesthetics are commonly used in fish for surgery and to facilitate capture, handling and transport in aquaculture and experimental procedures. In research, the selection of the anesthetic depends on its properties and on the recovery time. Eugenol has been pointed out as an effective anesthetic for fish, alternative to traditional drugs. Although Cnesterodon decemmaculatus is widely used as a model in ecological bioassays, no anesthetic protocol has been reported for this species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the induction time (i.e. time to reach anesthetic stage VI) and recovery time in individuals of C. decemmaculatus subjected to eugenol at a fixed concentration, according to sex and pregnancy status. Forty-one fish were divided into three groups: males, pregnant females and non-pregnant females. They were measured for total length, standard length and weight, and the condition factor (K) was calculated. No significant differences in induction and recovery times were found for sex, pregnancy status and K between groups. Results are a contribution toward the development protocol of a standard anesthetic protocol for C. decemmaculatus.

在水产养殖和实验过程中,麻醉剂通常用于鱼类的外科手术以及便于捕获、处理和运输。在研究中,麻醉剂的选择取决于其特性和恢复时间。有人指出,丁香酚是一种有效的鱼类麻醉剂,可替代传统药物。虽然 Cnesterodon decemmaculatus 被广泛用作生态生物测定的模型,但还没有关于该物种麻醉方案的报道。本研究的目的是根据鱼的性别和怀孕状况,评估鱼类个体在固定浓度丁香酚作用下的诱导时间(即达到麻醉阶段 VI 的时间)和恢复时间。41 条鱼被分为三组:雄鱼、怀孕雌鱼和未怀孕雌鱼。测量它们的总长度、标准长度和体重,并计算条件因子(K)。各组之间的诱导和恢复时间在性别、怀孕状态和 K 方面均无明显差异。研究结果有助于为栉水母制定标准麻醉方案。
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引用次数: 0
ERK1/2 modulation in the central nervous system of male and female thiamine-deficient mice with amprolium. 安普罗林对雌雄硫胺素缺乏小鼠中枢神经系统中 ERK1/2 的调节作用
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231191586
Mirian P da Silva, Francisco Wb Lima, Adha Gs Moura, Julia P Nunes, Clarissa As de Cordova, Fabiano M de Cordova

Thiamine deficiency experimental models focus on using the pyrithiamine analog in male rodents, making the thiamine deficiency effects in females and the use of other thiamine antagonists, such as amprolium, unknown. We investigated the impact of thiamine deficiency with amprolium in the cerebral cortex and thalamus of male and female mice by evaluating the modulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The animals were exposed for 20 days to thiamine-deficient chow with different doses of amprolium (20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg) and at different treatment periods (five, 10, 15 or 20 days) at a dose of 60 mg/kg. After treatments, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was analyzed by western blot. In male mice, we observed a progressive increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in both the cerebral cortex and thalamus in response to the dose of amprolium. In females, ERK1/2 phosphorylation did not progressively increase in response to the amprolium dosage. However, an increase in phosphorylation at the higher doses of 60 and 80 mg/kg was observed. We observed a more intense increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in males' cerebral cortex and thalamus from 10 days onwards. In females, the ERK1/2 modulation profiles were similar. The results show that thiamine deficiency induction with amprolium is efficient, compatible with other recognized models that use pyrithiamine, showing changes in cell signaling in the nervous system. The study showed differences in response to thiamine deficiency with amprolium between male and female mice in relation to ERK1/2 phosphorylation and demonstrated that females respond positively to the method and can also be used as model animals.

硫胺素缺乏的实验模型主要是在雄性啮齿类动物中使用吡硫胺素类似物,因此雌性小鼠硫胺素缺乏的影响以及使用其他硫胺素拮抗剂(如安普罗林)的情况尚不清楚。我们通过评估ERK1/2磷酸化的调节情况,研究了雌雄小鼠大脑皮层和丘脑中使用氨溴索对硫胺素缺乏的影响。将动物暴露于硫胺素缺乏的饲料中 20 天,同时添加不同剂量的安普列林(20、40、60 和 80 毫克/千克),并在不同的处理期(5、10、15 或 20 天)添加剂量为 60 毫克/千克的安普列林。治疗后,ERK1/2 磷酸化情况通过 Western 印迹进行分析。在雄性小鼠中,我们观察到大脑皮层和丘脑中的ERK1/2磷酸化随着安络血剂量的增加而逐渐增加。在雌性小鼠中,ERK1/2磷酸化并没有随着安瓿剂量的增加而逐渐增加。然而,在 60 和 80 毫克/千克的较高剂量下,磷酸化增加。我们观察到,从10天开始,雄性大脑皮层和丘脑中的ERK1/2磷酸化增加更为剧烈。在雌性动物中,ERK1/2的调节情况类似。结果表明,使用安瓿诱导硫胺素缺乏症是有效的,与其他公认的使用吡硫胺素的模型相一致,显示了神经系统细胞信号的变化。研究表明,雄性和雌性小鼠对使用安瓿诱导硫胺素缺乏症的反应在ERK1/2磷酸化方面存在差异,并证明雌性小鼠对该方法反应积极,也可用作模型动物。
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引用次数: 0
XVII SECAL CONGRESS Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 14-17 November 2023. 第十七届 SECAL 大会 圣地亚哥-德孔波斯特拉(西班牙),2023 年 11 月 14-17 日。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231225388
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of circulating infectious agents in experimental Beagle dogs of a production colony and three research facilities in China from June 2021 to May 2022. 2021 年 6 月至 2022 年 5 月期间对中国一个生产基地和三个研究机构的实验用比格犬体内循环感染病原体的调查。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231188172
Yue Zhao, Panlong Wang, Xueting Qu, Kunpeng Yuan, Suzhen Zhu, Sen Wang, Qingdong Luan, Hao Zhou, Yue Yin, Zijing Zhao, Yongjuan Gao, Shuzhen Chen, Yanjing Lu, Jianlin Wang, Yanbo Yin

To understand the epizootiologic characteristics of pathogens and opportunistic infections in one Beagle dog production colony and three research facilities, viruses and mycoplasma were detected in 1777 samples collected from Beagle dogs in China by polymerase chain reaction/reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and bacteria were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. In addition, genotyping of the major circulating viruses was carried out by amplification of gene fragments and homology analysis. Canine coronavirus (CCoV), Escherichia coli, canine parvovirus (CPV), Bordetella bronchiseptica, Clostridium perfringens, Mycoplasma cynos, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus canis, canine astrovirus (CaAstV), canine kobuvirus (CaKV), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Macrococcus canis, Pasteurella canis, canine bocavirus (CBoV) and canine adenovirus (CAdV) were detected in the samples. Single, double, triple and quadruple infections accounted for 6.6%, 1.4%, 1.2% and 0.96% of samples, respectively. CCoV strains in 81 samples included three genotypes, CCoV-I, CCoV-IIa and CCoV-IIb, by analysis of S gene. The rate of single infection of CCoV-I, CCoV-IIa or CCoV-IIb was 19%, 38% or 7.4% respectively. The double and triple infection rates of CCoV were 32.8% and 2.5% respectively. All CPV strains in 36 samples belonged to CPV-2c. There were three amino acid differences in the Fiber protein of CAdV-positive sample QD2022, compared with the reference strain Toronto A26/61 and the vaccine strain YCA-18. These results suggest that CCoV and CPV are primary infectious agents, and that these two viruses were often identified in mixed infections, or coinfections alongside mycoplasma or other bacteria. These results will provide the basis for improvements in prevention and control of naturally occurring infectious diseases in Beagle dog production colonies and research facilities.

为了了解一个比格犬生产群和三个研究机构中病原体和机会性感染的流行病学特征,我们通过聚合酶链式反应/反转录聚合酶链式反应检测了从中国比格犬身上采集的 1777 份样本中的病毒和支原体,并通过 16S rRNA 序列分析分离和鉴定了细菌。此外,还通过基因片段扩增和同源性分析对主要流行病毒进行了基因分型。犬冠状病毒 (CCoV)、大肠杆菌、犬细小病毒 (CPV)、支气管败血波氏杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌、犬支原体、肺炎克雷伯菌、犬链球菌、犬星状病毒 (CaAstV)、在样本中检测到铜绿假单胞菌、奇异变形杆菌、犬巨球菌、犬巴氏杆菌、犬细小病毒(CBoV)和犬腺病毒(CAdV)。单一感染、双重感染、三重感染和四重感染分别占样本的 6.6%、1.4%、1.2% 和 0.96%。通过分析 S 基因,81 个样本中的 CCoV 株系包括 CCoV-I、CCoV-IIa 和 CCoV-IIb 三种基因型。CCoV-I、CCoV-IIa 或 CCoV-IIb 的单一感染率分别为 19%、38% 或 7.4%。CCoV的双重和三重感染率分别为32.8%和2.5%。36 个样本中的所有 CPV 株系均属于 CPV-2c。与参考毒株多伦多 A26/61 和疫苗毒株 YCA-18 相比,CAdV 阳性样本 QD2022 的纤维蛋白有三个氨基酸差异。这些结果表明,CCoV 和 CPV 是主要传染源,这两种病毒经常在混合感染或与支原体或其他细菌同时感染时被发现。这些结果将为改进比格犬生产群和研究设施中自然发生的传染病的预防和控制提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of artery diameters in the Aachen minipig serving as a human intracranial in vivo model. 比较作为人类颅内活体模型的亚琛小型猪的动脉直径。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231169809
Christoph Dorn, Lara Bender, Thorsten Sichtermann, Jan Minkenberg, Maximilian Franko, Ehsan Yousefian, Martin Wiesmann, Andrea Stockero, Rebecca May, Hani Ridwan, Omid Nikoubashman, Christiane Franz

Minipigs are used as in vivo endovascular models, particularly in stroke and aneurysm research. However, detailed knowledge of the diameters of forelimb arteries that are commonly used as surrogates for human brain-supplying arteries are lacking. This study aimed to determine the diameters of forelimb and neck arteries in Aachen minipigs and to compare those to the diameters of human cerebral brain-supplying arteries in order to assess the validity of the Aachen minipig as a human intracranial in vivo model. We measured the diameters in the external carotid artery and eight different branches of the subclavian artery in 12 Aachen minipigs using angiographic imaging. Analysed arteries comprised the external carotid artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, subscapular artery first segment, subscapular artery second segment, external thoracic artery, caudal circumflex humeral artery, suprascapular artery and thoracodorsal artery. We compared these diameters to diameters of the following human brain-supplying arteries: terminal internal carotid artery (carotid-T and petrous segment), M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery, M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, vertebral artery and basilar artery. Median diameters of porcine forelimb arteries ranged from 1.8 to 4.9 mm, and human brain supplying arteries ranged in diameter from 1.4 to 4.3 mm. Depending on the intended use, this allows porcine forelimb arteries to be selected which are statistically comparable to human brain-supplying vessels. In conclusion, we identified several equivalent arteries of the porcine subclavian branches that are comparable to human brain-supplying arteries. This may help to validate the minipig as a suitable in vivo model for neurovascular experiments.

迷你猪被用作体内血管内模型,尤其是在中风和动脉瘤研究中。然而,人们对通常用作人类脑供血动脉替代物的前肢动脉的直径缺乏详细了解。本研究旨在确定亚琛小型猪前肢和颈部动脉的直径,并将其与人类大脑供血动脉的直径进行比较,以评估亚琛小型猪作为人类颅内活体模型的有效性。我们利用血管成像技术测量了 12 只亚琛小型猪的颈外动脉和锁骨下动脉 8 个不同分支的直径。分析的动脉包括颈外动脉、腋动脉、肱动脉、肩胛下动脉第一段、肩胛下动脉第二段、胸外动脉、肱骨尾周动脉、肩胛上动脉和胸背动脉。我们将这些直径与以下人脑供血动脉的直径进行了比较:颈内动脉末端(颈内动脉 T 段和皮质段)、大脑中动脉 M1 段、大脑中动脉 M2 段、大脑前动脉、椎动脉和基底动脉。猪前肢动脉的中位直径从 1.8 毫米到 4.9 毫米不等,人脑供血动脉的直径从 1.4 毫米到 4.3 毫米不等。根据用途的不同,猪前肢动脉在统计学上可与人脑供血血管相媲美。总之,我们确定了猪锁骨下分支的几条等效动脉,它们与人脑供血动脉具有可比性。这可能有助于验证小型猪是否适合作为神经血管实验的体内模型。
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