India has the second highest area under sugarcane cultivation next to Brazil. Sugarcane is cultivated in an area of 4.5 million ha with an average productivity of 79 t/ha. Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) is one of the advanced methods of sugarcane cultivation technique that involves, use of less input like seed sett, water, land, labour and optimum utilization of fertilizers to achieve maximum yield. Removal of mother shoot is one of the main techniques of SSI to get even number of tillers, increase the number of tillers and millable canes per plant. Conventional tool like secateurs, knifes and sickles being used among the sugarcane growers, even after experiencing the less efficiency of tool. In addition, more drudgery is involved, because the agricultural labourers need to bend down and hold the stem to remove the mother shoots in each sugarcane plant. Chances of getting injury to the hands and eyes are more during this operation. Hence, a hand operated tool for removing the mother shoot of sugarcane plants was developed and evaluated in sugarcane crop during 30 to 35 days after transplanting. The tool is manual operated and can be operated in standing posture for a long time. Women labourers can also cuts sugarcane mother shoots easily due to low weight (1.6 kg) of the tool. The tool saves cost and time by 47 per cent and 44 per cent, respectively compared to cutting of mother shoots with sickle. One could cut 1200 shoots/h with the tool. The tool costs Rs. 800/- and cost of operation is Rs.465 per hectare
{"title":"Development of Lever Operated Sugarcane Mother Shoot Cutter for Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative","authors":"Kamaraj P, T. A","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000668","url":null,"abstract":"India has the second highest area under sugarcane cultivation next to Brazil. Sugarcane is cultivated in an area of 4.5 million ha with an average productivity of 79 t/ha. Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) is one of the advanced methods of sugarcane cultivation technique that involves, use of less input like seed sett, water, land, labour and optimum utilization of fertilizers to achieve maximum yield. Removal of mother shoot is one of the main techniques of SSI to get even number of tillers, increase the number of tillers and millable canes per plant. Conventional tool like secateurs, knifes and sickles being used among the sugarcane growers, even after experiencing the less efficiency of tool. In addition, more drudgery is involved, because the agricultural labourers need to bend down and hold the stem to remove the mother shoots in each sugarcane plant. Chances of getting injury to the hands and eyes are more during this operation. Hence, a hand operated tool for removing the mother shoot of sugarcane plants was developed and evaluated in sugarcane crop during 30 to 35 days after transplanting. The tool is manual operated and can be operated in standing posture for a long time. Women labourers can also cuts sugarcane mother shoots easily due to low weight (1.6 kg) of the tool. The tool saves cost and time by 47 per cent and 44 per cent, respectively compared to cutting of mother shoots with sickle. One could cut 1200 shoots/h with the tool. The tool costs Rs. 800/- and cost of operation is Rs.465 per hectare","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76157273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sidhdharth G, Nageswari K, B. R., Kavitha M P, U. M
The present study aimed to understand the interventions of plant geometry and harvesting heights on growth and leaf yield parameters in Moringa. The crop geometry of moringa highly influenced the leaf yield. An experiment has been conducted in 2021 at Western block farm, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam under irrigated conditions to study the effect of crop geometries and harvesting heights on leaf yield of moringa var. PKM 1. Treatments combination consists of four crop geometries viz., 1.50m x 0.25m (S1), 1.50m x 0.50m (S2), 1.50m x 0.25m x 0.25m (S3), 1.50m x 0.50m x 0.50m (S4) and three harvesting heights of 30 cm (T1), 45 cm (T2) and 60 cm (T3). The study laid out in a Split plot design with three replications. The growth parameters such as plant height and a number of compound leaves were significantly higher in the closer spacing of 1.50m x 0.25m x 0.25m whereas a number of primary branches and stem girth were significantly higher in the wider spacing of 1.50 m x 0.50 m. Harvesting heights have no influence on the growth parameters. Moringa raised under spacing 1.50 m x 0.25 m x 0.25 m in conjunction with harvesting height of 30 cm (S3T1) significantly influenced the yield parameters such as compound leaf yield, fresh leaflets weight, dry leaf weight, and found maximum.
本研究旨在了解植株几何形状和采伐高度对辣木生长和叶片产量参数的干预作用。辣木的种植形态对叶片产量影响很大。2021年，在灌溉条件下，在Periyakulam园艺学院和研究所的Western block农场进行了一项试验，研究作物几何形状和收获高度对辣木品种PKM 1叶片产量的影响。处理组合包括四种作物几何形状，即1.5米× 0.25米(S1)， 1.5米× 0.50米(S2)， 1.5米× 0.25米× 0.25米(S3)， 1.5米× 0.50米× 0.50米(S4)和三种收获高度:30厘米(T1)， 45厘米(T2)和60厘米(T3)。该研究采用三次重复的分割图设计。在1.5 m × 0.25m × 0.25m较近的间距下，株高和复叶数显著高于在1.50m × 0.50 m较宽的间距下，一次枝数和茎周长显著高于在1.50m × 0.50 m较宽的间距下。采收高度对生长参数没有影响。种植间距1.50 m × 0.25 m × 0.25 m时，采收高度30 cm (S3T1)对辣木复叶产量、鲜叶重、干叶重等产量参数影响显著，且达到最大值。
{"title":"Interventions of Plant Geometry and Harvesting Heights on Growth and Leaf Yield Parameters in Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)","authors":"Sidhdharth G, Nageswari K, B. R., Kavitha M P, U. M","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000653","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to understand the interventions of plant geometry and harvesting heights on growth and leaf yield parameters in Moringa. The crop geometry of moringa highly influenced the leaf yield. An experiment has been conducted in 2021 at Western block farm, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam under irrigated conditions to study the effect of crop geometries and harvesting heights on leaf yield of moringa var. PKM 1. Treatments combination consists of four crop geometries viz., 1.50m x 0.25m (S1), 1.50m x 0.50m (S2), 1.50m x 0.25m x 0.25m (S3), 1.50m x 0.50m x 0.50m (S4) and three harvesting heights of 30 cm (T1), 45 cm (T2) and 60 cm (T3). The study laid out in a Split plot design with three replications. The growth parameters such as plant height and a number of compound leaves were significantly higher in the closer spacing of 1.50m x 0.25m x 0.25m whereas a number of primary branches and stem girth were significantly higher in the wider spacing of 1.50 m x 0.50 m. Harvesting heights have no influence on the growth parameters. Moringa raised under spacing 1.50 m x 0.25 m x 0.25 m in conjunction with harvesting height of 30 cm (S3T1) significantly influenced the yield parameters such as compound leaf yield, fresh leaflets weight, dry leaf weight, and found maximum.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"832 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91461286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. S, S. S., Djanaguiraman M, R. A, Pushpam R, M. N
Ninety-nine genotypes from an association mapping panel comprising landraces, exotic genotypes, and improved varieties were evaluated for leaf and yield traits in rice. The data of plant height, number of leaves, single leaf area, single-leaf weight, leaf mass area, leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle, yield, and biomass were subjected to analysis of variance that showed significant differences among the genotypes. The genetic variability among the genotypes and the co-efficient of variation was high for all the traits analyzed except leaf mass area with 17.47%. A high coefficient of variation was recorded in the number of leaves and grain yield per plant with 42.68 and 38.55%, respectively. Frequency distribution for these traits showed that the genotypes in the category of 4 to 12 LAI fall in the category of 30 to 90g of grain yield. Most of the traits showed symmetrical skewness and mesokurtic distribution.Besides, the correlation coefficient of LAI had a significantly positive correlation with leaf mass per area, leaf numbers, and biomass, indicating the importance of the leaf area index in determining yield and biomass. Furthermore,single leaf area hada significant positive association with leaf angle, single-leaf weight, and plant heightand a negative correlation with leaf numbers and leaf mass area.The results revealed the highest genetic variability and association between two or more variables among this rice germplasm. These genotypes could act as a reservoir of variation that could possibly be utilized for improving specific traits in crop improvement programs
{"title":"Analysis of Genetic Variability for Leaf and Yield Traits in Diverse Rice Germplasm","authors":"P. S, S. S., Djanaguiraman M, R. A, Pushpam R, M. N","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000603","url":null,"abstract":"Ninety-nine genotypes from an association mapping panel comprising landraces, exotic genotypes, and improved varieties were evaluated for leaf and yield traits in rice. The data of plant height, number of leaves, single leaf area, single-leaf weight, leaf mass area, leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle, yield, and biomass were subjected to analysis of variance that showed significant differences among the genotypes. The genetic variability among the genotypes and the co-efficient of variation was high for all the traits analyzed except leaf mass area with 17.47%. A high coefficient of variation was recorded in the number of leaves and grain yield per plant with 42.68 and 38.55%, respectively. Frequency distribution for these traits showed that the genotypes in the category of 4 to 12 LAI fall in the category of 30 to 90g of grain yield. Most of the traits showed symmetrical skewness and mesokurtic distribution.Besides, the correlation coefficient of LAI had a significantly positive correlation with leaf mass per area, leaf numbers, and biomass, indicating the importance of the leaf area index in determining yield and biomass. Furthermore,single leaf area hada significant positive association with leaf angle, single-leaf weight, and plant heightand a negative correlation with leaf numbers and leaf mass area.The results revealed the highest genetic variability and association between two or more variables among this rice germplasm. These genotypes could act as a reservoir of variation that could possibly be utilized for improving specific traits in crop improvement programs","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87308837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought ranks the top among the abiotic stresses affecting rice production and sustaining rice production warrants the development of drought tolerant rice cultivars. This study was aimed at developing recombinant inbred lines of Chakhao Amubi possessing drought tolerant QTLs of Apo. A RIL population developed between Chakhao amubi (popular rice in Manipur) and Apo (a drought tolerant cultivar) was genotyped using SSR markers linked to major drought tolerant QTLs, the positive lines were screened for grain characteristics and aroma. Foreground analysis of F2 (117 progenies) population using SSR markers RM11885 (qDTY1.1), RM7426 (qDTY2.1), RM16030 (qDTY3.1) and BADEX7-5 (OsBADH2 loci controlling aroma) resulted in the identification of 25 progenies harboring all the three drought tolerant QTLs (qDTY1.1, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1) and aroma, 11 progenies were found to harbour two target QTLs and aroma and two progenies were found to harbour any one of the drought QTL and aroma. Agronomic evaluation of RILs (F4) identified 11 superior RILs possessing reduced duration, high yield, and all four QTLs for further evaluation and breeding applications.
{"title":"Genetic Improvement of Drought Tolerance in North Eastern Chakhao Amubi rice Through Marker Assisted Selection","authors":"R. Kambale","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000583","url":null,"abstract":"Drought ranks the top among the abiotic stresses affecting rice production and sustaining rice production warrants the development of drought tolerant rice cultivars. This study was aimed at developing recombinant inbred lines of Chakhao Amubi possessing drought tolerant QTLs of Apo. A RIL population developed between Chakhao amubi (popular rice in Manipur) and Apo (a drought tolerant cultivar) was genotyped using SSR markers linked to major drought tolerant QTLs, the positive lines were screened for grain characteristics and aroma. Foreground analysis of F2 (117 progenies) population using SSR markers RM11885 (qDTY1.1), RM7426 (qDTY2.1), RM16030 (qDTY3.1) and BADEX7-5 (OsBADH2 loci controlling aroma) resulted in the identification of 25 progenies harboring all the three drought tolerant QTLs (qDTY1.1, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1) and aroma, 11 progenies were found to harbour two target QTLs and aroma and two progenies were found to harbour any one of the drought QTL and aroma. Agronomic evaluation of RILs (F4) identified 11 superior RILs possessing reduced duration, high yield, and all four QTLs for further evaluation and breeding applications.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73927369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve the fertility of the soil, several green manure crops are being cultivated. Dhaincha, is an ideal green manure crop used for the improvement of soil fertility and it also reclaims problematic soils. To screen out the Dhaincha genotypes based on the seedling biomass, a pot culture experiment was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, with four different genotypes namely Vellore local, Villupuram local, Sivagangai local and Pant dhaincha. Root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root & shoot, base diameter, and biomass per plant were recorded at ten day of intervals till sixty days after sowing. All the parameters showed significant variation and increased steadily every ten days after sowing. Sivagangai local recorded the highest growth parameters than the other genotypes. The highest biomass yield was observed in Villupuram local (0.029 g/plant) at 10 DAS, indicating that it produces more biomass during the early stages of growth. At 60 DAS, Vellore local recorded a high total biomass yield (2.3 g/plant), followed by Villupuram local (1.2 g/plant), Sivagangai local (1.08 g/ plant), and Pant dhaincha (0.9 g/ plant). Based on the growth parameters and High biomass yield per plant Sivagangai local and Vellore local can be selected for further crossing programmes.
为了提高土壤的肥力，正在种植几种绿肥作物。大因茶是一种理想的绿肥作物，用于改善土壤肥力，也可以开垦问题土壤。为了筛选基于幼苗生物量的Dhaincha基因型，在Tiruchirappalli Anbil Dharmalingam农业学院植物育种与遗传学系进行了盆栽试验，采用Vellore、Villupuram、Sivagangai和Pant Dhaincha 4种不同的基因型。每隔10天至播后60天分别记录根长、茎长、根冠鲜重、干重、基部直径和单株生物量。各参数均表现出显著的变化，播后每10 d稳定增加。Sivagangai本地记录的生长参数高于其他基因型。在10 DAS时，绒毛草的生物量产量最高(0.029 g/株)，表明其在生长早期产生更多的生物量。在60 DAS时，Vellore local的总生物量产量最高(2.3 g/株)，其次是Villupuram local (1.2 g/株)、Sivagangai local (1.08 g/株)和Pant dhaincha (0.9 g/株)。根据生长参数和较高的单株生物量，可以选择Sivagangai本地和Vellore本地进行进一步的杂交计划。
{"title":"Evaluation of Dhaincha Genotypes Based on Seedling Biomass Yield","authors":"S. J., C. S","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000655","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the fertility of the soil, several green manure crops are being cultivated. Dhaincha, is an ideal green manure crop used for the improvement of soil fertility and it also reclaims problematic soils. To screen out the Dhaincha genotypes based on the seedling biomass, a pot culture experiment was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, with four different genotypes namely Vellore local, Villupuram local, Sivagangai local and Pant dhaincha. Root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root & shoot, base diameter, and biomass per plant were recorded at ten day of intervals till sixty days after sowing. All the parameters showed significant variation and increased steadily every ten days after sowing. Sivagangai local recorded the highest growth parameters than the other genotypes. The highest biomass yield was observed in Villupuram local (0.029 g/plant) at 10 DAS, indicating that it produces more biomass during the early stages of growth. At 60 DAS, Vellore local recorded a high total biomass yield (2.3 g/plant), followed by Villupuram local (1.2 g/plant), Sivagangai local (1.08 g/ plant), and Pant dhaincha (0.9 g/ plant). Based on the growth parameters and High biomass yield per plant Sivagangai local and Vellore local can be selected for further crossing programmes.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"303 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76439853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dryland agriculture is adversely affected by climate variability. To sustain their livelihood, farmers must adapt to climate change to manage its ill effects. The present study aimed to bring out the adaptive behavior of dryland farmers towards climate variability. Five villages were randomly selected in Palladam block of Tiruppur district. The sample of 120 respondents was selected by using proportionate random sampling. The ex-post facto study was adopted as a research design. A well-structured interview schedule was used for data collection. The findings revealed that dryland farmers had practiced different adaptation strategies such as cultivating climateresilient crops, changing the timing of farm operations, changes in cropping patterns, adopting soil and water conservation practices, and reducing the number of farm animals, etc. Therefore, this study provides supportive evidence for policy makers to take into account the changes in farming practices that farmers had adopted to minimize the adverse impacts of climate variability for designing suitable locationspecific adaptation strategies.
{"title":"Dryland Farmers’ Adaptive Behaviour towards Climate Variability","authors":"D. A, S. P., B. P., K. C.","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000630","url":null,"abstract":"Dryland agriculture is adversely affected by climate variability. To sustain their livelihood, farmers must adapt to climate change to manage its ill effects. The present study aimed to bring out the adaptive behavior of dryland farmers towards climate variability. Five villages were randomly selected in Palladam block of Tiruppur district. The sample of 120 respondents was selected by using proportionate random sampling. The ex-post facto study was adopted as a research design. A well-structured interview schedule was used for data collection. The findings revealed that dryland farmers had practiced different adaptation strategies such as cultivating climateresilient crops, changing the timing of farm operations, changes in cropping patterns, adopting soil and water conservation practices, and reducing the number of farm animals, etc. Therefore, this study provides supportive evidence for policy makers to take into account the changes in farming practices that farmers had adopted to minimize the adverse impacts of climate variability for designing suitable locationspecific adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82291629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly associated with agricultural produces like cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Probiotic lactobacilli are the potential microbes to reduce unavoidable pesticide absorption besides their ability to degrade pesticides in humans and wildlife. The present study aimed to evaluate the strains Lactobacillus plantarum Pb3, Lactobacillus acidophilus Pc1 and Lactobacillus lactis Pt4 for their antioxidant ability and tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juice to understand their effects against oxidative damage induced by the pesticides chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole. Among the three strains, L. plantarum Pb3 exhibited the highest antioxidant ability and tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, followed by L. acidophilus Pc1 and L. lactis Pt4. Intact cells possessed higher activity than cell-free extracts and cellfree supernatant. The lipid peroxidation inhibition ability of intact cells of L. plantarum Pb3 in the presence of chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole was 58.12%, 50.75% and 48.88% respectively, and it was 46.19% in the absence of pesticides. Hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities of intact cells of L. plantarum Pb3 in the presence of chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid, and chlorantraniliprole were 52.09%, 49.88%, and 49.15% respectively, as against 45.56% in the absence of pesticides. Under simulated gastric and intestinal juices, a 70 to 75% survival rate was recorded in L. plantarum Pb3. The antioxidant ability of LAB and the tolerance of simulated gastric and intestinal juices indicated the potential protective effects of L. plantarum Pb3 against the adverse effect of pesticides on human health.
乳酸菌(LAB)通常与谷物、水果和蔬菜等农产品有关。益生菌乳酸菌是一种潜在的微生物，除了能够降解人类和野生动物的农药外，还能减少不可避免的农药吸收。本研究旨在评价植物乳杆菌Pb3、嗜酸乳杆菌Pc1和乳酸乳杆菌Pt4菌株的抗氧化能力和对模拟胃液和肠液的耐受性，以了解它们对农药毒死蜱、吡虫啉和氯虫腈引起的氧化损伤的影响。3个菌株中，植物乳杆菌Pb3的抗氧化能力和对模拟胃液和肠液的耐受性最高，其次是嗜酸乳杆菌Pc1和乳酸乳杆菌Pt4。完整细胞比无细胞提取物和无细胞上清液具有更高的活性。在毒死蜱、吡虫啉和氯虫腈的作用下，植物乳杆菌Pb3完整细胞的脂质过氧化抑制能力分别为58.12%、50.75%和48.88%，在无农药作用下为46.19%。在毒死蜱、吡虫啉和氯虫腈的作用下，L. plantarum Pb3细胞对羟基自由基的清除能力分别为52.09%、49.88%和49.15%，而在无农药作用下，Pb3细胞的清除能力为45.56%。在模拟胃液和肠液中，植物乳杆菌Pb3的存活率为70 ~ 75%。乳酸菌的抗氧化能力和对模拟胃液和肠液的耐受性表明，植物乳杆菌Pb3对农药对人体健康的不良影响具有潜在的保护作用。
{"title":"Potential Protective Role of Probiotic Strains of lactobacilli Against Pesticide Toxicity","authors":"P. M., V. K.","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000706","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly associated with agricultural produces like cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Probiotic lactobacilli are the potential microbes to reduce unavoidable pesticide absorption besides their ability to degrade pesticides in humans and wildlife. The present study aimed to evaluate the strains Lactobacillus plantarum Pb3, Lactobacillus acidophilus Pc1 and Lactobacillus lactis Pt4 for their antioxidant ability and tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juice to understand their effects against oxidative damage induced by the pesticides chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole. Among the three strains, L. plantarum Pb3 exhibited the highest antioxidant ability and tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, followed by L. acidophilus Pc1 and L. lactis Pt4. Intact cells possessed higher activity than cell-free extracts and cellfree supernatant. The lipid peroxidation inhibition ability of intact cells of L. plantarum Pb3 in the presence of chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole was 58.12%, 50.75% and 48.88% respectively, and it was 46.19% in the absence of pesticides. Hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities of intact cells of L. plantarum Pb3 in the presence of chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid, and chlorantraniliprole were 52.09%, 49.88%, and 49.15% respectively, as against 45.56% in the absence of pesticides. Under simulated gastric and intestinal juices, a 70 to 75% survival rate was recorded in L. plantarum Pb3. The antioxidant ability of LAB and the tolerance of simulated gastric and intestinal juices indicated the potential protective effects of L. plantarum Pb3 against the adverse effect of pesticides on human health.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82490581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) technology, the fertilizer doses are tailored as per the requirements of estimated crop yield taking into account the nutrient requirement of the crop, and the contribution of nutrients from the soil, fertilizers and organic manures. In this study, a field experiment was carried out in the Bahour soil series of Puducherry to study the quality of Okra in response to STCR-based manure and fertilizer application. The experiment was carried out with ten treatments viz., farmer’s practice, FYM alone @ 12.5 t ha-1, blanket recommendation, STCR-NPK alone @ 160, 170, and 180 q ha-1, and STCR-IPNS @ 160, 170, and 180 q ha-1 and control replicated thrice. The fruit samples were collected at 5th, 12th, and 19th pickings and were analyzed for quality parameters. Application of STCR + IPNS – 180 q ha-1 improved the quality parameters such as mucilage (4.54%), protein (1.84%), and starch (4.95%) and ascorbic acid (13.99 mg per100g) content of Okra. The STCR-IPNS technology ensures sustainable crop production and economical use of expensive fertilizer.
{"title":"Influence of Soil Test Crop Response Based Integrated Plant Nutrient Management on Quality of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monech]","authors":"Mageshen V R, Bagavathi Ammal","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000640","url":null,"abstract":"In Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) technology, the fertilizer doses are tailored as per the requirements of estimated crop yield taking into account the nutrient requirement of the crop, and the contribution of nutrients from the soil, fertilizers and organic manures. In this study, a field experiment was carried out in the Bahour soil series of Puducherry to study the quality of Okra in response to STCR-based manure and fertilizer application. The experiment was carried out with ten treatments viz., farmer’s practice, FYM alone @ 12.5 t ha-1, blanket recommendation, STCR-NPK alone @ 160, 170, and 180 q ha-1, and STCR-IPNS @ 160, 170, and 180 q ha-1 and control replicated thrice. The fruit samples were collected at 5th, 12th, and 19th pickings and were analyzed for quality parameters. Application of STCR + IPNS – 180 q ha-1 improved the quality parameters such as mucilage (4.54%), protein (1.84%), and starch (4.95%) and ascorbic acid (13.99 mg per100g) content of Okra. The STCR-IPNS technology ensures sustainable crop production and economical use of expensive fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79938625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal to find out the suitable variety or genotype for cultivation under protected structure. The treatment consists of 7 garlic genotypes collected from different institutions and local types viz., Ooty 1 Garlic , Agrifound Parvathi, Yamuna Safed-4, Yamuna Safed-5, KKL-1 (Poombarai local (Pink), KKL-2 (Kodaikanal local (White), KKL-3 (Kodaikanal local (Single bulb). The variety Yamuna Safed-4 registered the highest yield both under open field (11.21 t ha-1) and polyhouse condition (11.04 t ha-1). The TSS content was 37.33° Brix under open field conditions and 35.21° Brix under polyhouse condition. During 90 days of storage the physiological loss in weight was 38.80per cent and 37.42 per cent respectively in open field and polyhouse condition. Hence it is concluded that Yamuna Safed-4 can be cultivated both under open field and polyhouse condition of Kodaikanal with higher yield and quality.
为寻找适合保护结构下栽培的品种或基因型，在科代卡纳尔园艺研究站进行了试验。处理包括从不同机构和地方收集的7种大蒜基因型，即Ooty 1大蒜，Agrifound Parvathi, Yamuna Safed-4, Yamuna Safed-5, KKL-1 (Poombarai地方(粉红色))，KKL-2 (Kodaikanal地方(白色))，KKL-3 (Kodaikanal地方(单根))。品种Yamuna Safed-4在露天条件下(11.21 t hm -1)和多屋条件下(11.04 t hm -1)均获得最高产量。大田条件下TSS含量为37.33°Brix，复合条件下为35.21°Brix。在露天和杂交场条件下，贮藏90 d生理失重率分别为38.80%和37.42%。综上所述，亚穆纳Safed-4号在大田和科代坎纳尔复合栽培条件下均可获得较高的产量和品质。
{"title":"Performance of Garlic Genotypes Under Polyhouse and Open Field Conditions of Kodaikanal Hills","authors":"Saraswathi T","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000696","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal to find out the suitable variety or genotype for cultivation under protected structure. The treatment consists of 7 garlic genotypes collected from different institutions and local types viz., Ooty 1 Garlic , Agrifound Parvathi, Yamuna Safed-4, Yamuna Safed-5, KKL-1 (Poombarai local (Pink), KKL-2 (Kodaikanal local (White), KKL-3 (Kodaikanal local (Single bulb). The variety Yamuna Safed-4 registered the highest yield both under open field (11.21 t ha-1) and polyhouse condition (11.04 t ha-1). The TSS content was 37.33° Brix under open field conditions and 35.21° Brix under polyhouse condition. During 90 days of storage the physiological loss in weight was 38.80per cent and 37.42 per cent respectively in open field and polyhouse condition. Hence it is concluded that Yamuna Safed-4 can be cultivated both under open field and polyhouse condition of Kodaikanal with higher yield and quality.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"127 24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87759303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saranraj Thirugnanasambandam, Chandrasekaran R, Nageswari R, V. P
A field experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sirugamani during (Plant crop) 2017-18 to find out the effect of intercropping and double row planting on growth attributes, the yield of sugarcane under the Sustainable sugarcane initiative. The experiments were laid out in a strip plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments comprised of crop geometry viz., M1- 150 x 60 cm Single row planting, M2-150 x 60 cm Double row planting, M3- 180 x 60 cm Single row planting, and M4-180 x 60 cm Double row planting. The sub plot treatments were S1- Sole crop of Sugarcane, S2-Sugarcane + Greengram (Aduthurai 3), S3- Sugarcane + Blackgram (Vamban 5) and S4- Sugarcane + Sunnhemp (Co 1). The intercrops were raised in additive series viz., 3 rows under a row spacing of 150 cm in sugarcane and 4 rows under 180 cm. The recommended schedule of drip fertigation for the Sustainable sugarcane initiative was followed by using a surface drip irrigation system. Observations on growth attributes, and yield parameters were taken under the Sustainable sugarcane initiative. The results revealed that higher growth attributes and higher cane yield of sugarcane were also recorded under 150 cm double row planting of sugarcane with sunnhemp (M2S4).
{"title":"Effect of Intercropping and Double Row Planting on Growth Attributes, Yield of Sugarcane under Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative","authors":"Saranraj Thirugnanasambandam, Chandrasekaran R, Nageswari R, V. P","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000648","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sirugamani during (Plant crop) 2017-18 to find out the effect of intercropping and double row planting on growth attributes, the yield of sugarcane under the Sustainable sugarcane initiative. The experiments were laid out in a strip plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments comprised of crop geometry viz., M1- 150 x 60 cm Single row planting, M2-150 x 60 cm Double row planting, M3- 180 x 60 cm Single row planting, and M4-180 x 60 cm Double row planting. The sub plot treatments were S1- Sole crop of Sugarcane, S2-Sugarcane + Greengram (Aduthurai 3), S3- Sugarcane + Blackgram (Vamban 5) and S4- Sugarcane + Sunnhemp (Co 1). The intercrops were raised in additive series viz., 3 rows under a row spacing of 150 cm in sugarcane and 4 rows under 180 cm. The recommended schedule of drip fertigation for the Sustainable sugarcane initiative was followed by using a surface drip irrigation system. Observations on growth attributes, and yield parameters were taken under the Sustainable sugarcane initiative. The results revealed that higher growth attributes and higher cane yield of sugarcane were also recorded under 150 cm double row planting of sugarcane with sunnhemp (M2S4).","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87164812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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