India has the second highest area under sugarcane cultivation next to Brazil. Sugarcane is cultivated in an area of 4.5 million ha with an average productivity of 79 t/ha. Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) is one of the advanced methods of sugarcane cultivation technique that involves, use of less input like seed sett, water, land, labour and optimum utilization of fertilizers to achieve maximum yield. Removal of mother shoot is one of the main techniques of SSI to get even number of tillers, increase the number of tillers and millable canes per plant. Conventional tool like secateurs, knifes and sickles being used among the sugarcane growers, even after experiencing the less efficiency of tool. In addition, more drudgery is involved, because the agricultural labourers need to bend down and hold the stem to remove the mother shoots in each sugarcane plant. Chances of getting injury to the hands and eyes are more during this operation. Hence, a hand operated tool for removing the mother shoot of sugarcane plants was developed and evaluated in sugarcane crop during 30 to 35 days after transplanting. The tool is manual operated and can be operated in standing posture for a long time. Women labourers can also cuts sugarcane mother shoots easily due to low weight (1.6 kg) of the tool. The tool saves cost and time by 47 per cent and 44 per cent, respectively compared to cutting of mother shoots with sickle. One could cut 1200 shoots/h with the tool. The tool costs Rs. 800/- and cost of operation is Rs.465 per hectare
{"title":"Development of Lever Operated Sugarcane Mother Shoot Cutter for Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative","authors":"Kamaraj P, T. A","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000668","url":null,"abstract":"India has the second highest area under sugarcane cultivation next to Brazil. Sugarcane is cultivated in an area of 4.5 million ha with an average productivity of 79 t/ha. Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) is one of the advanced methods of sugarcane cultivation technique that involves, use of less input like seed sett, water, land, labour and optimum utilization of fertilizers to achieve maximum yield. Removal of mother shoot is one of the main techniques of SSI to get even number of tillers, increase the number of tillers and millable canes per plant. Conventional tool like secateurs, knifes and sickles being used among the sugarcane growers, even after experiencing the less efficiency of tool. In addition, more drudgery is involved, because the agricultural labourers need to bend down and hold the stem to remove the mother shoots in each sugarcane plant. Chances of getting injury to the hands and eyes are more during this operation. Hence, a hand operated tool for removing the mother shoot of sugarcane plants was developed and evaluated in sugarcane crop during 30 to 35 days after transplanting. The tool is manual operated and can be operated in standing posture for a long time. Women labourers can also cuts sugarcane mother shoots easily due to low weight (1.6 kg) of the tool. The tool saves cost and time by 47 per cent and 44 per cent, respectively compared to cutting of mother shoots with sickle. One could cut 1200 shoots/h with the tool. The tool costs Rs. 800/- and cost of operation is Rs.465 per hectare","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76157273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sidhdharth G, Nageswari K, B. R., Kavitha M P, U. M
The present study aimed to understand the interventions of plant geometry and harvesting heights on growth and leaf yield parameters in Moringa. The crop geometry of moringa highly influenced the leaf yield. An experiment has been conducted in 2021 at Western block farm, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam under irrigated conditions to study the effect of crop geometries and harvesting heights on leaf yield of moringa var. PKM 1. Treatments combination consists of four crop geometries viz., 1.50m x 0.25m (S1), 1.50m x 0.50m (S2), 1.50m x 0.25m x 0.25m (S3), 1.50m x 0.50m x 0.50m (S4) and three harvesting heights of 30 cm (T1), 45 cm (T2) and 60 cm (T3). The study laid out in a Split plot design with three replications. The growth parameters such as plant height and a number of compound leaves were significantly higher in the closer spacing of 1.50m x 0.25m x 0.25m whereas a number of primary branches and stem girth were significantly higher in the wider spacing of 1.50 m x 0.50 m. Harvesting heights have no influence on the growth parameters. Moringa raised under spacing 1.50 m x 0.25 m x 0.25 m in conjunction with harvesting height of 30 cm (S3T1) significantly influenced the yield parameters such as compound leaf yield, fresh leaflets weight, dry leaf weight, and found maximum.
本研究旨在了解植株几何形状和采伐高度对辣木生长和叶片产量参数的干预作用。辣木的种植形态对叶片产量影响很大。2021年，在灌溉条件下，在Periyakulam园艺学院和研究所的Western block农场进行了一项试验，研究作物几何形状和收获高度对辣木品种PKM 1叶片产量的影响。处理组合包括四种作物几何形状，即1.5米× 0.25米(S1)， 1.5米× 0.50米(S2)， 1.5米× 0.25米× 0.25米(S3)， 1.5米× 0.50米× 0.50米(S4)和三种收获高度:30厘米(T1)， 45厘米(T2)和60厘米(T3)。该研究采用三次重复的分割图设计。在1.5 m × 0.25m × 0.25m较近的间距下，株高和复叶数显著高于在1.50m × 0.50 m较宽的间距下，一次枝数和茎周长显著高于在1.50m × 0.50 m较宽的间距下。采收高度对生长参数没有影响。种植间距1.50 m × 0.25 m × 0.25 m时，采收高度30 cm (S3T1)对辣木复叶产量、鲜叶重、干叶重等产量参数影响显著，且达到最大值。
{"title":"Interventions of Plant Geometry and Harvesting Heights on Growth and Leaf Yield Parameters in Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)","authors":"Sidhdharth G, Nageswari K, B. R., Kavitha M P, U. M","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000653","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to understand the interventions of plant geometry and harvesting heights on growth and leaf yield parameters in Moringa. The crop geometry of moringa highly influenced the leaf yield. An experiment has been conducted in 2021 at Western block farm, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam under irrigated conditions to study the effect of crop geometries and harvesting heights on leaf yield of moringa var. PKM 1. Treatments combination consists of four crop geometries viz., 1.50m x 0.25m (S1), 1.50m x 0.50m (S2), 1.50m x 0.25m x 0.25m (S3), 1.50m x 0.50m x 0.50m (S4) and three harvesting heights of 30 cm (T1), 45 cm (T2) and 60 cm (T3). The study laid out in a Split plot design with three replications. The growth parameters such as plant height and a number of compound leaves were significantly higher in the closer spacing of 1.50m x 0.25m x 0.25m whereas a number of primary branches and stem girth were significantly higher in the wider spacing of 1.50 m x 0.50 m. Harvesting heights have no influence on the growth parameters. Moringa raised under spacing 1.50 m x 0.25 m x 0.25 m in conjunction with harvesting height of 30 cm (S3T1) significantly influenced the yield parameters such as compound leaf yield, fresh leaflets weight, dry leaf weight, and found maximum.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"832 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91461286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. S, S. S., Djanaguiraman M, R. A, Pushpam R, M. N
Ninety-nine genotypes from an association mapping panel comprising landraces, exotic genotypes, and improved varieties were evaluated for leaf and yield traits in rice. The data of plant height, number of leaves, single leaf area, single-leaf weight, leaf mass area, leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle, yield, and biomass were subjected to analysis of variance that showed significant differences among the genotypes. The genetic variability among the genotypes and the co-efficient of variation was high for all the traits analyzed except leaf mass area with 17.47%. A high coefficient of variation was recorded in the number of leaves and grain yield per plant with 42.68 and 38.55%, respectively. Frequency distribution for these traits showed that the genotypes in the category of 4 to 12 LAI fall in the category of 30 to 90g of grain yield. Most of the traits showed symmetrical skewness and mesokurtic distribution.Besides, the correlation coefficient of LAI had a significantly positive correlation with leaf mass per area, leaf numbers, and biomass, indicating the importance of the leaf area index in determining yield and biomass. Furthermore,single leaf area hada significant positive association with leaf angle, single-leaf weight, and plant heightand a negative correlation with leaf numbers and leaf mass area.The results revealed the highest genetic variability and association between two or more variables among this rice germplasm. These genotypes could act as a reservoir of variation that could possibly be utilized for improving specific traits in crop improvement programs
{"title":"Analysis of Genetic Variability for Leaf and Yield Traits in Diverse Rice Germplasm","authors":"P. S, S. S., Djanaguiraman M, R. A, Pushpam R, M. N","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000603","url":null,"abstract":"Ninety-nine genotypes from an association mapping panel comprising landraces, exotic genotypes, and improved varieties were evaluated for leaf and yield traits in rice. The data of plant height, number of leaves, single leaf area, single-leaf weight, leaf mass area, leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle, yield, and biomass were subjected to analysis of variance that showed significant differences among the genotypes. The genetic variability among the genotypes and the co-efficient of variation was high for all the traits analyzed except leaf mass area with 17.47%. A high coefficient of variation was recorded in the number of leaves and grain yield per plant with 42.68 and 38.55%, respectively. Frequency distribution for these traits showed that the genotypes in the category of 4 to 12 LAI fall in the category of 30 to 90g of grain yield. Most of the traits showed symmetrical skewness and mesokurtic distribution.Besides, the correlation coefficient of LAI had a significantly positive correlation with leaf mass per area, leaf numbers, and biomass, indicating the importance of the leaf area index in determining yield and biomass. Furthermore,single leaf area hada significant positive association with leaf angle, single-leaf weight, and plant heightand a negative correlation with leaf numbers and leaf mass area.The results revealed the highest genetic variability and association between two or more variables among this rice germplasm. These genotypes could act as a reservoir of variation that could possibly be utilized for improving specific traits in crop improvement programs","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87308837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2020 to evaluate the efficacy of various sources of nutrients on the growth, quality, yield and economics of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L). There were six nutrient management practices consisting of organic, inorganic and combined sources of nutrients, which were evaluated, in randomized block design with five replications. Among the practices, the state recommended nutrient management practice (Farm yard manure (FYM) @ 25 t ha-1 + Azophos @ 2 kg ha-1 + Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF)) performed well with respect to plant height (88.7), number of primary and secondary branches per plant (49.8), number of fruits per plant (11.6) and yield per hectare (25,794 kg). Whereas, the organic nutrient management (50 % N requirement through organic manures (50 % FYM + 50 % Vermicompost) + seedling treatment with Beejamrit + Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500 litres ha-1 time-1 twice a month with irrigation water) performed well with respect to gross return (Rs. 299288 ha-1), net return (Rs. 183844 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.59). The quality parameters like ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids (TSS) and titrable acidity were also higher under the organic source of nutrients compared to only chemical or integrated nutrient sources. It can be concluded that the productivity of tomatoes were higher under state recommended nutrient management practice (FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + Azophos @ 2 kg ha-1 + RDF). However for getting highly profitable and quality tomato production, the organic package – 50 % N requirement through organic manures (50 % FYM + 50 % Vermicompost) + seedling treatment with Beejamrit + application of Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500 litres ha-1 time-1 twice a month with irrigation water can be recommended.
本试验于2020年在哥印拜陀泰米尔纳德邦农业大学(Tamil Nadu agriculture University)开展，采用随机区组设计(5个重复)，采用有机、无机和复合营养源6种养分管理方式，评价不同营养源对番茄生长、品质、产量和经济效益的影响。在这些做法中，国家推荐的养分管理做法(农家肥(FYM) @ 25 t ha-1 +偶氮磷@ 2 kg ha-1 +肥料推荐剂量(RDF))在株高(88.7)、每株一次枝数(49.8)、每株果数(11.6)和每公顷产量(25,794 kg)方面表现良好。然而，有机养分管理(通过有机肥料(50% FYM + 50%蚯蚓堆肥)满足50%氮需求+ bejamrit + Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500升ha-1次-1，每月两次，灌溉水)在总收益(299288 ha-1)，净收益(183844 ha-1)和效益成本比(2.59)方面表现良好。有机营养源的抗坏血酸含量、总可溶性固形物(TSS)和可滴定酸度等品质参数也高于单纯化学或综合营养源。结果表明，在国家推荐的营养管理措施(FYM @ 25 t ha-1 +偶氮磷@ 2 kg ha-1 + RDF)下，番茄产量较高。然而，为了获得高利润和优质的番茄生产，建议采用有机包装-通过有机肥料(50% FYM + 50%蚯蚓堆肥)要求50%的氮+ Beejamrit苗木处理+ Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg hm -1, Jeevamrit @ 500升hm -1，每月两次，并使用灌溉水。
{"title":"Effect of Different Sources of Nutrients on Productivity, Profitability and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"M. S, Suganthy M, G. R","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000595","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2020 to evaluate the efficacy of various sources of nutrients on the growth, quality, yield and economics of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L). There were six nutrient management practices consisting of organic, inorganic and combined sources of nutrients, which were evaluated, in randomized block design with five replications. Among the practices, the state recommended nutrient management practice (Farm yard manure (FYM) @ 25 t ha-1 + Azophos @ 2 kg ha-1 + Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF)) performed well with respect to plant height (88.7), number of primary and secondary branches per plant (49.8), number of fruits per plant (11.6) and yield per hectare (25,794 kg). Whereas, the organic nutrient management (50 % N requirement through organic manures (50 % FYM + 50 % Vermicompost) + seedling treatment with Beejamrit + Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500 litres ha-1 time-1 twice a month with irrigation water) performed well with respect to gross return (Rs. 299288 ha-1), net return (Rs. 183844 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.59). The quality parameters like ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids (TSS) and titrable acidity were also higher under the organic source of nutrients compared to only chemical or integrated nutrient sources. It can be concluded that the productivity of tomatoes were higher under state recommended nutrient management practice (FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + Azophos @ 2 kg ha-1 + RDF). However for getting highly profitable and quality tomato production, the organic package – 50 % N requirement through organic manures (50 % FYM + 50 % Vermicompost) + seedling treatment with Beejamrit + application of Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500 litres ha-1 time-1 twice a month with irrigation water can be recommended.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90570022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal to find out the suitable variety or genotype for cultivation under protected structure. The treatment consists of 7 garlic genotypes collected from different institutions and local types viz., Ooty 1 Garlic , Agrifound Parvathi, Yamuna Safed-4, Yamuna Safed-5, KKL-1 (Poombarai local (Pink), KKL-2 (Kodaikanal local (White), KKL-3 (Kodaikanal local (Single bulb). The variety Yamuna Safed-4 registered the highest yield both under open field (11.21 t ha-1) and polyhouse condition (11.04 t ha-1). The TSS content was 37.33° Brix under open field conditions and 35.21° Brix under polyhouse condition. During 90 days of storage the physiological loss in weight was 38.80per cent and 37.42 per cent respectively in open field and polyhouse condition. Hence it is concluded that Yamuna Safed-4 can be cultivated both under open field and polyhouse condition of Kodaikanal with higher yield and quality.
为寻找适合保护结构下栽培的品种或基因型，在科代卡纳尔园艺研究站进行了试验。处理包括从不同机构和地方收集的7种大蒜基因型，即Ooty 1大蒜，Agrifound Parvathi, Yamuna Safed-4, Yamuna Safed-5, KKL-1 (Poombarai地方(粉红色))，KKL-2 (Kodaikanal地方(白色))，KKL-3 (Kodaikanal地方(单根))。品种Yamuna Safed-4在露天条件下(11.21 t hm -1)和多屋条件下(11.04 t hm -1)均获得最高产量。大田条件下TSS含量为37.33°Brix，复合条件下为35.21°Brix。在露天和杂交场条件下，贮藏90 d生理失重率分别为38.80%和37.42%。综上所述，亚穆纳Safed-4号在大田和科代坎纳尔复合栽培条件下均可获得较高的产量和品质。
{"title":"Performance of Garlic Genotypes Under Polyhouse and Open Field Conditions of Kodaikanal Hills","authors":"Saraswathi T","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000696","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal to find out the suitable variety or genotype for cultivation under protected structure. The treatment consists of 7 garlic genotypes collected from different institutions and local types viz., Ooty 1 Garlic , Agrifound Parvathi, Yamuna Safed-4, Yamuna Safed-5, KKL-1 (Poombarai local (Pink), KKL-2 (Kodaikanal local (White), KKL-3 (Kodaikanal local (Single bulb). The variety Yamuna Safed-4 registered the highest yield both under open field (11.21 t ha-1) and polyhouse condition (11.04 t ha-1). The TSS content was 37.33° Brix under open field conditions and 35.21° Brix under polyhouse condition. During 90 days of storage the physiological loss in weight was 38.80per cent and 37.42 per cent respectively in open field and polyhouse condition. Hence it is concluded that Yamuna Safed-4 can be cultivated both under open field and polyhouse condition of Kodaikanal with higher yield and quality.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"127 24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87759303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutation breeding is an important approach to crop improvement. Identifying beneficial mutagen and its optimum dose are the prerequisites for any successful mutation breeding program. The present study aimed to identify the optimum dose, mutagenic effectiveness, and efficiency of various concentrations of EMS mutagen in proso millet variety ATL 1. Ten treatment concentrations 10 to 100 mM and control were evaluated using germination paper, tray, and field method to estimate the effect of the mutagen on seedling growth and survival in M1 generation. Based on viable mutation frequency in M2 generation, the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of the mutagen were determined. The mean lethal concentration (LD50) and mean concentration for 50 per cent reduction in growth (GR50) doses were determined to be 41 mM and 45 mM, respectively based on survival per cent and shoot length reduction over control. The mutagenic effectiveness was the highest at 50 mM and mutagenic efficiency was the highest at 40 mM. Broad-spectrum of viable mutants was identified in M2 generation that could be utilized to develop improved cultivars in the crop.
{"title":"Dose Optimization, Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency of EMS in Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)","authors":"N. Francis, R. R., Iyanar K, R. M, C. T, S. A","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000575","url":null,"abstract":"Mutation breeding is an important approach to crop improvement. Identifying beneficial mutagen and its optimum dose are the prerequisites for any successful mutation breeding program. The present study aimed to identify the optimum dose, mutagenic effectiveness, and efficiency of various concentrations of EMS mutagen in proso millet variety ATL 1. Ten treatment concentrations 10 to 100 mM and control were evaluated using germination paper, tray, and field method to estimate the effect of the mutagen on seedling growth and survival in M1 generation. Based on viable mutation frequency in M2 generation, the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of the mutagen were determined. The mean lethal concentration (LD50) and mean concentration for 50 per cent reduction in growth (GR50) doses were determined to be 41 mM and 45 mM, respectively based on survival per cent and shoot length reduction over control. The mutagenic effectiveness was the highest at 50 mM and mutagenic efficiency was the highest at 40 mM. Broad-spectrum of viable mutants was identified in M2 generation that could be utilized to develop improved cultivars in the crop.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83965996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biochemical factors can provide a source of resistance and chemical stimuli play a vital role in host plant selection by feeding and oviposition. The development of genotypes/varieties resistant to melon fruit fly is an essential component of Integrated Pest Management. Field experiments were conducted during 2018-19 in farmer’s field at Ellamanam village and laboratory studies were conducted at the Department of Plant Protection, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tiruchirappalli District. A screening of 12 accessions/varieties (2 resistant, 6 moderately resistant, 3 susceptible, and 1 highly susceptible) was selected for y- tube olfactometer studies to confirm resistance. The behavioral response of fruit fly, Z. cucurbitae, to kairomone compound emitted from bitter gourd leaves and fruits were extracted using different solvents viz., hexane, dichloromethane, and distilled water. The result concluded that hexane and dichloromethane leaf and fruit extract of TCR 393 showed high duration for fruit fly attraction and lower attractancy, followed by Musiri local-1, MC-10, Ucha small, Bikner -2 , Musiri local-2, and CO-1 and if identified kairomone compound may be useful for monitoring and managing of Z. cucurbitae.
{"title":"Behavioural Response of Female Melon Fruit Fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Bitter Gourd Accessions/Variety","authors":"Mawtham M M, G. C, S. S","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000642","url":null,"abstract":"The biochemical factors can provide a source of resistance and chemical stimuli play a vital role in host plant selection by feeding and oviposition. The development of genotypes/varieties resistant to melon fruit fly is an essential component of Integrated Pest Management. Field experiments were conducted during 2018-19 in farmer’s field at Ellamanam village and laboratory studies were conducted at the Department of Plant Protection, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tiruchirappalli District. A screening of 12 accessions/varieties (2 resistant, 6 moderately resistant, 3 susceptible, and 1 highly susceptible) was selected for y- tube olfactometer studies to confirm resistance. The behavioral response of fruit fly, Z. cucurbitae, to kairomone compound emitted from bitter gourd leaves and fruits were extracted using different solvents viz., hexane, dichloromethane, and distilled water. The result concluded that hexane and dichloromethane leaf and fruit extract of TCR 393 showed high duration for fruit fly attraction and lower attractancy, followed by Musiri local-1, MC-10, Ucha small, Bikner -2 , Musiri local-2, and CO-1 and if identified kairomone compound may be useful for monitoring and managing of Z. cucurbitae.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87028984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligence is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, think abstractly, comprehend ideas, language, and learn things. Being excellent in general intelligence (IQ) alone will not guarantee success in a student's life. Emotional intelligence is an important element in enhancing an individual's ability and skills in communication and interpersonal relations. Social intelligence involves identifying key interaction skills and then assessing them behaviorally. Emotional intelligence and social intelligence make an important role in the academic and social life of students. This study attempted to measure the level of Emotional intelligence and Social intelligence of the postgraduate agricultural students of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Using a proportionate random sampling method, 138 students (52 boys & 86 girls) were considered respondents for this study. Wong and Law's emotional intelligence scale and Tromso's social intelligence scale were used to assess respondents' levels of emotional intelligence and social intelligence. Findings of this study revealed that more than sixty percent (67%) of the respondents had a medium level of emotional intelligence and sixty-seven percent of respondents were under the moderately socialized category.
智力是一种一般的心理能力，包括推理、计划、抽象思考、理解思想、语言和学习事物的能力。仅仅拥有优秀的综合智力(IQ)并不能保证学生一生的成功。情商是提高个人沟通和人际关系能力和技能的重要因素。社交智力包括识别关键的互动技能，然后对其进行行为评估。情商和社会智力在学生的学业和社会生活中发挥着重要作用。本研究试图测量泰米尔纳德邦农业大学农业研究生的情绪智力和社会智力水平。采用比例随机抽样的方法，138名学生(52名男生和86名女生)被认为是本研究的受访者。采用Wong and Law的情绪智力量表和Tromso的社会智力量表来评估被调查者的情绪智力和社会智力水平。本研究结果显示，超过60%(67%)的受访者具有中等水平的情绪智力，67%的受访者属于中度社交类别。
{"title":"Study on Level of Emotional Intelligence and Social Intelligence of Post Graduate Agricultural Students","authors":"Jayabharathi D, N. M, K. C., Duraisamy M R","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000675","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligence is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, think abstractly, comprehend ideas, language, and learn things. Being excellent in general intelligence (IQ) alone will not guarantee success in a student's life. Emotional intelligence is an important element in enhancing an individual's ability and skills in communication and interpersonal relations. Social intelligence involves identifying key interaction skills and then assessing them behaviorally. Emotional intelligence and social intelligence make an important role in the academic and social life of students. This study attempted to measure the level of Emotional intelligence and Social intelligence of the postgraduate agricultural students of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Using a proportionate random sampling method, 138 students (52 boys & 86 girls) were considered respondents for this study. Wong and Law's emotional intelligence scale and Tromso's social intelligence scale were used to assess respondents' levels of emotional intelligence and social intelligence. Findings of this study revealed that more than sixty percent (67%) of the respondents had a medium level of emotional intelligence and sixty-seven percent of respondents were under the moderately socialized category.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87188376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saranraj Thirugnanasambandam, Chandrasekaran R, Nageswari R, V. P
A field experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sirugamani during (Plant crop) 2017-18 to find out the effect of intercropping and double row planting on growth attributes, the yield of sugarcane under the Sustainable sugarcane initiative. The experiments were laid out in a strip plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments comprised of crop geometry viz., M1- 150 x 60 cm Single row planting, M2-150 x 60 cm Double row planting, M3- 180 x 60 cm Single row planting, and M4-180 x 60 cm Double row planting. The sub plot treatments were S1- Sole crop of Sugarcane, S2-Sugarcane + Greengram (Aduthurai 3), S3- Sugarcane + Blackgram (Vamban 5) and S4- Sugarcane + Sunnhemp (Co 1). The intercrops were raised in additive series viz., 3 rows under a row spacing of 150 cm in sugarcane and 4 rows under 180 cm. The recommended schedule of drip fertigation for the Sustainable sugarcane initiative was followed by using a surface drip irrigation system. Observations on growth attributes, and yield parameters were taken under the Sustainable sugarcane initiative. The results revealed that higher growth attributes and higher cane yield of sugarcane were also recorded under 150 cm double row planting of sugarcane with sunnhemp (M2S4).
{"title":"Effect of Intercropping and Double Row Planting on Growth Attributes, Yield of Sugarcane under Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative","authors":"Saranraj Thirugnanasambandam, Chandrasekaran R, Nageswari R, V. P","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000648","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sirugamani during (Plant crop) 2017-18 to find out the effect of intercropping and double row planting on growth attributes, the yield of sugarcane under the Sustainable sugarcane initiative. The experiments were laid out in a strip plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments comprised of crop geometry viz., M1- 150 x 60 cm Single row planting, M2-150 x 60 cm Double row planting, M3- 180 x 60 cm Single row planting, and M4-180 x 60 cm Double row planting. The sub plot treatments were S1- Sole crop of Sugarcane, S2-Sugarcane + Greengram (Aduthurai 3), S3- Sugarcane + Blackgram (Vamban 5) and S4- Sugarcane + Sunnhemp (Co 1). The intercrops were raised in additive series viz., 3 rows under a row spacing of 150 cm in sugarcane and 4 rows under 180 cm. The recommended schedule of drip fertigation for the Sustainable sugarcane initiative was followed by using a surface drip irrigation system. Observations on growth attributes, and yield parameters were taken under the Sustainable sugarcane initiative. The results revealed that higher growth attributes and higher cane yield of sugarcane were also recorded under 150 cm double row planting of sugarcane with sunnhemp (M2S4).","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87164812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation was carried out with five segregating populations in sorghum to assess the association between grain yield and its correlated traits. In correlation coefficients, three crosses viz., Cross 1, Cross 3 and Cross 5 showed significant positive association of grain yield with flag leaf length, flag leaf width, harvest index, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf chlorophyll index, stem girth, test weight (Cross 5), panicle weight, panicle length (except Cross 1) and biological yield and inter association of such traits were almost positive. Hence these three crosses could be exploited simultaneously for grain yield and other correlated traits by selection. From path coefficient analysis, it is concluded that the biological yield and harvest index had high positive direct effect on single plant yield in all crosses evaluated in the study. They also exhibited high indirect contribution on yield through yield components traits that could be used as yield determinants for further improvement in the population.
{"title":"Association Studies In Sorghum For Stay Green And Yield Associated Traits","authors":"Shamini K, S. B","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000712","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out with five segregating populations in sorghum to assess the association between grain yield and its correlated traits. In correlation coefficients, three crosses viz., Cross 1, Cross 3 and Cross 5 showed significant positive association of grain yield with flag leaf length, flag leaf width, harvest index, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf chlorophyll index, stem girth, test weight (Cross 5), panicle weight, panicle length (except Cross 1) and biological yield and inter association of such traits were almost positive. Hence these three crosses could be exploited simultaneously for grain yield and other correlated traits by selection. From path coefficient analysis, it is concluded that the biological yield and harvest index had high positive direct effect on single plant yield in all crosses evaluated in the study. They also exhibited high indirect contribution on yield through yield components traits that could be used as yield determinants for further improvement in the population.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85717265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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