Dryland agriculture is adversely affected by climate variability. To sustain their livelihood, farmers must adapt to climate change to manage its ill effects. The present study aimed to bring out the adaptive behavior of dryland farmers towards climate variability. Five villages were randomly selected in Palladam block of Tiruppur district. The sample of 120 respondents was selected by using proportionate random sampling. The ex-post facto study was adopted as a research design. A well-structured interview schedule was used for data collection. The findings revealed that dryland farmers had practiced different adaptation strategies such as cultivating climateresilient crops, changing the timing of farm operations, changes in cropping patterns, adopting soil and water conservation practices, and reducing the number of farm animals, etc. Therefore, this study provides supportive evidence for policy makers to take into account the changes in farming practices that farmers had adopted to minimize the adverse impacts of climate variability for designing suitable locationspecific adaptation strategies.
{"title":"Dryland Farmers’ Adaptive Behaviour towards Climate Variability","authors":"D. A, S. P., B. P., K. C.","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000630","url":null,"abstract":"Dryland agriculture is adversely affected by climate variability. To sustain their livelihood, farmers must adapt to climate change to manage its ill effects. The present study aimed to bring out the adaptive behavior of dryland farmers towards climate variability. Five villages were randomly selected in Palladam block of Tiruppur district. The sample of 120 respondents was selected by using proportionate random sampling. The ex-post facto study was adopted as a research design. A well-structured interview schedule was used for data collection. The findings revealed that dryland farmers had practiced different adaptation strategies such as cultivating climateresilient crops, changing the timing of farm operations, changes in cropping patterns, adopting soil and water conservation practices, and reducing the number of farm animals, etc. Therefore, this study provides supportive evidence for policy makers to take into account the changes in farming practices that farmers had adopted to minimize the adverse impacts of climate variability for designing suitable locationspecific adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82291629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly associated with agricultural produces like cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Probiotic lactobacilli are the potential microbes to reduce unavoidable pesticide absorption besides their ability to degrade pesticides in humans and wildlife. The present study aimed to evaluate the strains Lactobacillus plantarum Pb3, Lactobacillus acidophilus Pc1 and Lactobacillus lactis Pt4 for their antioxidant ability and tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juice to understand their effects against oxidative damage induced by the pesticides chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole. Among the three strains, L. plantarum Pb3 exhibited the highest antioxidant ability and tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, followed by L. acidophilus Pc1 and L. lactis Pt4. Intact cells possessed higher activity than cell-free extracts and cellfree supernatant. The lipid peroxidation inhibition ability of intact cells of L. plantarum Pb3 in the presence of chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole was 58.12%, 50.75% and 48.88% respectively, and it was 46.19% in the absence of pesticides. Hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities of intact cells of L. plantarum Pb3 in the presence of chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid, and chlorantraniliprole were 52.09%, 49.88%, and 49.15% respectively, as against 45.56% in the absence of pesticides. Under simulated gastric and intestinal juices, a 70 to 75% survival rate was recorded in L. plantarum Pb3. The antioxidant ability of LAB and the tolerance of simulated gastric and intestinal juices indicated the potential protective effects of L. plantarum Pb3 against the adverse effect of pesticides on human health.
乳酸菌(LAB)通常与谷物、水果和蔬菜等农产品有关。益生菌乳酸菌是一种潜在的微生物，除了能够降解人类和野生动物的农药外，还能减少不可避免的农药吸收。本研究旨在评价植物乳杆菌Pb3、嗜酸乳杆菌Pc1和乳酸乳杆菌Pt4菌株的抗氧化能力和对模拟胃液和肠液的耐受性，以了解它们对农药毒死蜱、吡虫啉和氯虫腈引起的氧化损伤的影响。3个菌株中，植物乳杆菌Pb3的抗氧化能力和对模拟胃液和肠液的耐受性最高，其次是嗜酸乳杆菌Pc1和乳酸乳杆菌Pt4。完整细胞比无细胞提取物和无细胞上清液具有更高的活性。在毒死蜱、吡虫啉和氯虫腈的作用下，植物乳杆菌Pb3完整细胞的脂质过氧化抑制能力分别为58.12%、50.75%和48.88%，在无农药作用下为46.19%。在毒死蜱、吡虫啉和氯虫腈的作用下，L. plantarum Pb3细胞对羟基自由基的清除能力分别为52.09%、49.88%和49.15%，而在无农药作用下，Pb3细胞的清除能力为45.56%。在模拟胃液和肠液中，植物乳杆菌Pb3的存活率为70 ~ 75%。乳酸菌的抗氧化能力和对模拟胃液和肠液的耐受性表明，植物乳杆菌Pb3对农药对人体健康的不良影响具有潜在的保护作用。
{"title":"Potential Protective Role of Probiotic Strains of lactobacilli Against Pesticide Toxicity","authors":"P. M., V. K.","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000706","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly associated with agricultural produces like cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Probiotic lactobacilli are the potential microbes to reduce unavoidable pesticide absorption besides their ability to degrade pesticides in humans and wildlife. The present study aimed to evaluate the strains Lactobacillus plantarum Pb3, Lactobacillus acidophilus Pc1 and Lactobacillus lactis Pt4 for their antioxidant ability and tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juice to understand their effects against oxidative damage induced by the pesticides chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole. Among the three strains, L. plantarum Pb3 exhibited the highest antioxidant ability and tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, followed by L. acidophilus Pc1 and L. lactis Pt4. Intact cells possessed higher activity than cell-free extracts and cellfree supernatant. The lipid peroxidation inhibition ability of intact cells of L. plantarum Pb3 in the presence of chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole was 58.12%, 50.75% and 48.88% respectively, and it was 46.19% in the absence of pesticides. Hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities of intact cells of L. plantarum Pb3 in the presence of chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid, and chlorantraniliprole were 52.09%, 49.88%, and 49.15% respectively, as against 45.56% in the absence of pesticides. Under simulated gastric and intestinal juices, a 70 to 75% survival rate was recorded in L. plantarum Pb3. The antioxidant ability of LAB and the tolerance of simulated gastric and intestinal juices indicated the potential protective effects of L. plantarum Pb3 against the adverse effect of pesticides on human health.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82490581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted to document the population dynamics of wood-boring bostrychid beetles collected from different wood yards at Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu. The abundance of wood boring beetles showed that out of 455 individual beetles collected from different wood pieces, 319 beetles belonged to the family bostrychidae. Sinoxylon sp. (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) was the dominant species accounting 76.70 percent. Diversity indices were calculated for the wood-boring beetles recorded as Shannon Diversity Index (H) (1.34), Species richness (Margalef) (0.43), Species Diversity (D) (3.67) and Pielou’s Species Eveness (0.97). The number of exit holes were evaluated, which showed that the wood samples from sites 3, 4 and 5 had significantly higher number of exit holes than those recorded at sites 1 and 2. The size of exit holes bored by beetles showed that the wood samples of teak, silver oak, neem and eucalyptus have the maximum number of exit holes with 1.1-2.0 mm
研究了在泰米尔纳德邦梅图帕拉亚姆不同木场采集的蛀木甲虫种群动态。木材钻孔甲虫的丰度表明，在不同木片上采集的455只个体甲虫中，有319只属于钻孔甲虫科。刺桐属(鞘翅目:刺桐科)为优势种，占76.70%。计算蛀木甲虫的多样性指数为Shannon多样性指数(H)(1.34)、物种丰富度(Margalef)(0.43)、物种多样性(D)(3.67)和Pielou物种均匀度(0.97)。结果表明，3、4、5样地的出口孔数量明显高于1、2样地。甲虫钻出孔的大小表明，柚木、银橡、楝树和桉木样品的钻出孔数量最多，为1.1 ~ 2.0 mm
{"title":"Incidence of Wood Boring Bostrychid Beetles in Different Wood Yards at Mettupalayam","authors":"A. G., A. R., S. M, B. A","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000704","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to document the population dynamics of wood-boring bostrychid beetles collected from different wood yards at Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu. The abundance of wood boring beetles showed that out of 455 individual beetles collected from different wood pieces, 319 beetles belonged to the family bostrychidae. Sinoxylon sp. (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) was the dominant species accounting 76.70 percent. Diversity indices were calculated for the wood-boring beetles recorded as Shannon Diversity Index (H) (1.34), Species richness (Margalef) (0.43), Species Diversity (D) (3.67) and Pielou’s Species Eveness (0.97). The number of exit holes were evaluated, which showed that the wood samples from sites 3, 4 and 5 had significantly higher number of exit holes than those recorded at sites 1 and 2. The size of exit holes bored by beetles showed that the wood samples of teak, silver oak, neem and eucalyptus have the maximum number of exit holes with 1.1-2.0 mm","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80268238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was conducted to assess the gene interaction for grain yield and its attributing traits towards the increase of grain yield in sorghum. In F3 generation, symmetrical distribution, positive skewness and negative skewness were observed for 14 traits in various crosses. Symmetrical distribution indicates the presence of segregating genes that gives wider variation in F3 populations. Significant and positive skewness indicates the complementary type of gene action hence the expected genetic gain is slower with mild selection and faster with intensive selection for that particular trait. Significant and negative skewness denotes the presence of duplicate epistatic gene action therefore the gain is faster with mild selection and less rapid with intense selection. In kurtosis, leptokurtic and mesokurtic nature was observed which indicate that the traits are under the control of few segregating genes and the next indicates the nonsignificant of kurtosis respectively. The intensive selection of these characters in F3 generation paved the way to achieve the gain faster
{"title":"Assessment Of Frequency Distribution In F3 generation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) For Grain Yield And Its Attributed Traits","authors":"Shamini K, S. B","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000623","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to assess the gene interaction for grain yield and its attributing traits towards the increase of grain yield in sorghum. In F3 generation, symmetrical distribution, positive skewness and negative skewness were observed for 14 traits in various crosses. Symmetrical distribution indicates the presence of segregating genes that gives wider variation in F3 populations. Significant and positive skewness indicates the complementary type of gene action hence the expected genetic gain is slower with mild selection and faster with intensive selection for that particular trait. Significant and negative skewness denotes the presence of duplicate epistatic gene action therefore the gain is faster with mild selection and less rapid with intense selection. In kurtosis, leptokurtic and mesokurtic nature was observed which indicate that the traits are under the control of few segregating genes and the next indicates the nonsignificant of kurtosis respectively. The intensive selection of these characters in F3 generation paved the way to achieve the gain faster","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90704787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve the fertility of the soil, several green manure crops are being cultivated. Dhaincha, is an ideal green manure crop used for the improvement of soil fertility and it also reclaims problematic soils. To screen out the Dhaincha genotypes based on the seedling biomass, a pot culture experiment was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, with four different genotypes namely Vellore local, Villupuram local, Sivagangai local and Pant dhaincha. Root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root & shoot, base diameter, and biomass per plant were recorded at ten day of intervals till sixty days after sowing. All the parameters showed significant variation and increased steadily every ten days after sowing. Sivagangai local recorded the highest growth parameters than the other genotypes. The highest biomass yield was observed in Villupuram local (0.029 g/plant) at 10 DAS, indicating that it produces more biomass during the early stages of growth. At 60 DAS, Vellore local recorded a high total biomass yield (2.3 g/plant), followed by Villupuram local (1.2 g/plant), Sivagangai local (1.08 g/ plant), and Pant dhaincha (0.9 g/ plant). Based on the growth parameters and High biomass yield per plant Sivagangai local and Vellore local can be selected for further crossing programmes.
为了提高土壤的肥力，正在种植几种绿肥作物。大因茶是一种理想的绿肥作物，用于改善土壤肥力，也可以开垦问题土壤。为了筛选基于幼苗生物量的Dhaincha基因型，在Tiruchirappalli Anbil Dharmalingam农业学院植物育种与遗传学系进行了盆栽试验，采用Vellore、Villupuram、Sivagangai和Pant Dhaincha 4种不同的基因型。每隔10天至播后60天分别记录根长、茎长、根冠鲜重、干重、基部直径和单株生物量。各参数均表现出显著的变化，播后每10 d稳定增加。Sivagangai本地记录的生长参数高于其他基因型。在10 DAS时，绒毛草的生物量产量最高(0.029 g/株)，表明其在生长早期产生更多的生物量。在60 DAS时，Vellore local的总生物量产量最高(2.3 g/株)，其次是Villupuram local (1.2 g/株)、Sivagangai local (1.08 g/株)和Pant dhaincha (0.9 g/株)。根据生长参数和较高的单株生物量，可以选择Sivagangai本地和Vellore本地进行进一步的杂交计划。
{"title":"Evaluation of Dhaincha Genotypes Based on Seedling Biomass Yield","authors":"S. J., C. S","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000655","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the fertility of the soil, several green manure crops are being cultivated. Dhaincha, is an ideal green manure crop used for the improvement of soil fertility and it also reclaims problematic soils. To screen out the Dhaincha genotypes based on the seedling biomass, a pot culture experiment was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, with four different genotypes namely Vellore local, Villupuram local, Sivagangai local and Pant dhaincha. Root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root & shoot, base diameter, and biomass per plant were recorded at ten day of intervals till sixty days after sowing. All the parameters showed significant variation and increased steadily every ten days after sowing. Sivagangai local recorded the highest growth parameters than the other genotypes. The highest biomass yield was observed in Villupuram local (0.029 g/plant) at 10 DAS, indicating that it produces more biomass during the early stages of growth. At 60 DAS, Vellore local recorded a high total biomass yield (2.3 g/plant), followed by Villupuram local (1.2 g/plant), Sivagangai local (1.08 g/ plant), and Pant dhaincha (0.9 g/ plant). Based on the growth parameters and High biomass yield per plant Sivagangai local and Vellore local can be selected for further crossing programmes.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"303 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76439853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A pot culture experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, during rabi season 2019 - 2020 to study the influence of organic manures and synthetic fertilizers on the nutrient uptake and green fodder yield of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). An experiment was laid out with two factors and three replications. Four organic manure treatments in main-plots viz., no manure, farm yard manure (25 t ha-1), vermicompost (12 t ha-1) and poultry manure (12 t ha-1) and four fertilizer treatments in subplots viz., No fertilizer, 125% RDF, 100% RDF, 75% RDF. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) for fodder maize is 60 kg N ha-1: 40 kg P2O5 ha-1: 20 kg K2O ha-1. The organic manures were applied as per the N equivalent basis to the inorganic nutrient recommendation. The results revealed that the application of nutrients through poultry manure @ 12 t ha-1 resulted in higher plant uptake of Nitrogen (112.2 kg ha-1), phosphorus ( 19.26 kg ha-1), and potassium ( 117.7 kg ha-1) followed by the application of farm yard manure @ 25 t ha-1 on N equivalent basis. Concerning fertilizers, the application of 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer resulted in higher plant nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium uptake (104.9, 18.9, 108.54 Kg ha-1 N, P, K, respectively). About the fodder yield, the highest green and dry fodder yield were recorded under the treatment combination of poultry manure along with 75% RDF 31.84 t ha-1 and 5.19 t ha-1 at 60 DAS, respectively).
2019 - 2020年rabi季，在金奈马德拉斯兽医学院农学系进行盆栽试验，研究有机肥料和合成肥料对饲料玉米(Zea mays L.)养分吸收和青饲料产量的影响。设计了一个有两个因素和三个重复的实验。主小区采用4种有机肥处理，即不施有机肥、农家肥(25 t hm -1)、蚯蚓堆肥(12 t hm -1)和禽粪(12 t hm -1);子小区采用4种有机肥处理，即不施有机肥、125% RDF、100% RDF、75% RDF。饲用玉米的推荐肥料用量为60 kg N hm -1: 40 kg P2O5 hm -1: 20 kg K2O hm -1。有机肥料按氮当量基础施用于无机养分推荐量。结果表明:在N当量基础上，施用12 t ha-1的家禽粪比施用25 t ha-1的鸡场粪肥对氮(112.2 kg ha-1)、磷(19.26 kg ha-1)和钾(117.7 kg ha-1)的吸收量更高;在肥料方面，施用75%推荐用量的无机肥提高了植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收量(N、P、K分别为104.9、18.9、108.54 Kg hm -1)。在饲料产量方面，禽粪加75% RDF (60 DAS时分别为31.84 t ha-1和5.19 t ha-1)组合处理的绿料和干料产量最高。
{"title":"Influence of Organic Manures and Synthetic Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Fodder Maize","authors":"A. T, Vennila C","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000700","url":null,"abstract":"A pot culture experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, during rabi season 2019 - 2020 to study the influence of organic manures and synthetic fertilizers on the nutrient uptake and green fodder yield of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). An experiment was laid out with two factors and three replications. Four organic manure treatments in main-plots viz., no manure, farm yard manure (25 t ha-1), vermicompost (12 t ha-1) and poultry manure (12 t ha-1) and four fertilizer treatments in subplots viz., No fertilizer, 125% RDF, 100% RDF, 75% RDF. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) for fodder maize is 60 kg N ha-1: 40 kg P2O5 ha-1: 20 kg K2O ha-1. The organic manures were applied as per the N equivalent basis to the inorganic nutrient recommendation. The results revealed that the application of nutrients through poultry manure @ 12 t ha-1 resulted in higher plant uptake of Nitrogen (112.2 kg ha-1), phosphorus ( 19.26 kg ha-1), and potassium ( 117.7 kg ha-1) followed by the application of farm yard manure @ 25 t ha-1 on N equivalent basis. Concerning fertilizers, the application of 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer resulted in higher plant nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium uptake (104.9, 18.9, 108.54 Kg ha-1 N, P, K, respectively). About the fodder yield, the highest green and dry fodder yield were recorded under the treatment combination of poultry manure along with 75% RDF 31.84 t ha-1 and 5.19 t ha-1 at 60 DAS, respectively).","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79197667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought ranks the top among the abiotic stresses affecting rice production and sustaining rice production warrants the development of drought tolerant rice cultivars. This study was aimed at developing recombinant inbred lines of Chakhao Amubi possessing drought tolerant QTLs of Apo. A RIL population developed between Chakhao amubi (popular rice in Manipur) and Apo (a drought tolerant cultivar) was genotyped using SSR markers linked to major drought tolerant QTLs, the positive lines were screened for grain characteristics and aroma. Foreground analysis of F2 (117 progenies) population using SSR markers RM11885 (qDTY1.1), RM7426 (qDTY2.1), RM16030 (qDTY3.1) and BADEX7-5 (OsBADH2 loci controlling aroma) resulted in the identification of 25 progenies harboring all the three drought tolerant QTLs (qDTY1.1, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1) and aroma, 11 progenies were found to harbour two target QTLs and aroma and two progenies were found to harbour any one of the drought QTL and aroma. Agronomic evaluation of RILs (F4) identified 11 superior RILs possessing reduced duration, high yield, and all four QTLs for further evaluation and breeding applications.
{"title":"Genetic Improvement of Drought Tolerance in North Eastern Chakhao Amubi rice Through Marker Assisted Selection","authors":"R. Kambale","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000583","url":null,"abstract":"Drought ranks the top among the abiotic stresses affecting rice production and sustaining rice production warrants the development of drought tolerant rice cultivars. This study was aimed at developing recombinant inbred lines of Chakhao Amubi possessing drought tolerant QTLs of Apo. A RIL population developed between Chakhao amubi (popular rice in Manipur) and Apo (a drought tolerant cultivar) was genotyped using SSR markers linked to major drought tolerant QTLs, the positive lines were screened for grain characteristics and aroma. Foreground analysis of F2 (117 progenies) population using SSR markers RM11885 (qDTY1.1), RM7426 (qDTY2.1), RM16030 (qDTY3.1) and BADEX7-5 (OsBADH2 loci controlling aroma) resulted in the identification of 25 progenies harboring all the three drought tolerant QTLs (qDTY1.1, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1) and aroma, 11 progenies were found to harbour two target QTLs and aroma and two progenies were found to harbour any one of the drought QTL and aroma. Agronomic evaluation of RILs (F4) identified 11 superior RILs possessing reduced duration, high yield, and all four QTLs for further evaluation and breeding applications.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73927369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) technology, the fertilizer doses are tailored as per the requirements of estimated crop yield taking into account the nutrient requirement of the crop, and the contribution of nutrients from the soil, fertilizers and organic manures. In this study, a field experiment was carried out in the Bahour soil series of Puducherry to study the quality of Okra in response to STCR-based manure and fertilizer application. The experiment was carried out with ten treatments viz., farmer’s practice, FYM alone @ 12.5 t ha-1, blanket recommendation, STCR-NPK alone @ 160, 170, and 180 q ha-1, and STCR-IPNS @ 160, 170, and 180 q ha-1 and control replicated thrice. The fruit samples were collected at 5th, 12th, and 19th pickings and were analyzed for quality parameters. Application of STCR + IPNS – 180 q ha-1 improved the quality parameters such as mucilage (4.54%), protein (1.84%), and starch (4.95%) and ascorbic acid (13.99 mg per100g) content of Okra. The STCR-IPNS technology ensures sustainable crop production and economical use of expensive fertilizer.
{"title":"Influence of Soil Test Crop Response Based Integrated Plant Nutrient Management on Quality of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monech]","authors":"Mageshen V R, Bagavathi Ammal","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000640","url":null,"abstract":"In Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) technology, the fertilizer doses are tailored as per the requirements of estimated crop yield taking into account the nutrient requirement of the crop, and the contribution of nutrients from the soil, fertilizers and organic manures. In this study, a field experiment was carried out in the Bahour soil series of Puducherry to study the quality of Okra in response to STCR-based manure and fertilizer application. The experiment was carried out with ten treatments viz., farmer’s practice, FYM alone @ 12.5 t ha-1, blanket recommendation, STCR-NPK alone @ 160, 170, and 180 q ha-1, and STCR-IPNS @ 160, 170, and 180 q ha-1 and control replicated thrice. The fruit samples were collected at 5th, 12th, and 19th pickings and were analyzed for quality parameters. Application of STCR + IPNS – 180 q ha-1 improved the quality parameters such as mucilage (4.54%), protein (1.84%), and starch (4.95%) and ascorbic acid (13.99 mg per100g) content of Okra. The STCR-IPNS technology ensures sustainable crop production and economical use of expensive fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79938625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The food retail industry is represented as a sunrise industry in the world because of its large potential for growth and socio-economic impact. Because of the critical linkages and synergies, it fosters between the two pillars of our economy, industry, and agriculture, the food retail industry is extremely important to India’s development. Britannia Industries Limited, Heritage Foods Limited, Kwality Industries Limited, KRBL Industries Limited, ITC Limited, and PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt. Ltd was chosen for the study based on financial ratio analysis. From 2015 to 2019, the research was conducted across five years. Britannia Industries Limited, KRBL, and Kwality Industries’ current ratios are 1.94, 1.86, and 1.51, respectively, approaching 2:1. It shows that all three companies have sufficient current assets to cover their current liabilities. ITC’s current ratio is 3.64, indicating that the company is more liquid, which could affect profitability in the long run. The quick ratios of Kwality Industries and Britannia Industries are both good at 1.08 and 0.61, respectively. These two companies have adequate liquidity to meet their short-term obligations. ITC, Britannia, and PepsiCo have debt-to-equity ratios of 0.002,0.07, and 0.02, correspondingly. It implies that their primary source of funding is from their own money rather than loan capital, which causes an increase in the cost of capital and, in turn, affects their profitability in the long run.
{"title":"An Analysis of Financial Performance of Food Retail Companies in India","authors":"B. P, D. N, S. K, Jagadeshwaran P, Yazhini Sp","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000636","url":null,"abstract":"The food retail industry is represented as a sunrise industry in the world because of its large potential for growth and socio-economic impact. Because of the critical linkages and synergies, it fosters between the two pillars of our economy, industry, and agriculture, the food retail industry is extremely important to India’s development. Britannia Industries Limited, Heritage Foods Limited, Kwality Industries Limited, KRBL Industries Limited, ITC Limited, and PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt. Ltd was chosen for the study based on financial ratio analysis. From 2015 to 2019, the research was conducted across five years. Britannia Industries Limited, KRBL, and Kwality Industries’ current ratios are 1.94, 1.86, and 1.51, respectively, approaching 2:1. It shows that all three companies have sufficient current assets to cover their current liabilities. ITC’s current ratio is 3.64, indicating that the company is more liquid, which could affect profitability in the long run. The quick ratios of Kwality Industries and Britannia Industries are both good at 1.08 and 0.61, respectively. These two companies have adequate liquidity to meet their short-term obligations. ITC, Britannia, and PepsiCo have debt-to-equity ratios of 0.002,0.07, and 0.02, correspondingly. It implies that their primary source of funding is from their own money rather than loan capital, which causes an increase in the cost of capital and, in turn, affects their profitability in the long run.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83024405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, 36 tomato accessions were subjected to variability and correlation analysis based on seventeen yield and quality traits. The traits viz., plant height, number of clusters plant-1 , number of fruits plant-1 , ascorbic acid content and single fruit weight were exhibited a high level of variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean and these traits are positive and significantly associated with yield, which is clearly indicates that these traits are highly responsive and simple selection is very appropriate. Per cent fruit set negatively associated with earliness and its exhibited moderate level of variability shows the presence of non-additive gene action. Lycopene and β-carotene were not substantially linked with any of the traits but these are highly heritable in nature, to incorporate these two traits into any breeding programme, the parents must be excellent in these particular quality parameters.
{"title":"Phenotypic Characterization and Association Analysis of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Accessions.","authors":"Purushothaman J, Saraswathi T, K. M","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000710","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 36 tomato accessions were subjected to variability and correlation analysis based on seventeen yield and quality traits. The traits viz., plant height, number of clusters plant-1 , number of fruits plant-1 , ascorbic acid content and single fruit weight were exhibited a high level of variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean and these traits are positive and significantly associated with yield, which is clearly indicates that these traits are highly responsive and simple selection is very appropriate. Per cent fruit set negatively associated with earliness and its exhibited moderate level of variability shows the presence of non-additive gene action. Lycopene and β-carotene were not substantially linked with any of the traits but these are highly heritable in nature, to incorporate these two traits into any breeding programme, the parents must be excellent in these particular quality parameters.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88427841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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