Abstract The mechanical, thermal, and morphological analysis of red mud filled sisal/glass fiber–reinforced polyester composites have been investigated. In this study, four composite specimens were prepared through hand layup technique by changing the weight percentage of sisal fiber and red mud. Weight percentage of glass fiber and polyester resin are kept constant. The fabricated composite specimens were subjected to mechanical properties such as hardness, impact and tensile behavior, thermal, and morphological analysis. From the results, it is observed that, maximum tensile strength of 45.6 MPa was obtained for C1 specimen. Maximum hardness and impact strength of 85.67 and 391.5 J m −1 was achieved for C2 specimen. In TGA study, C1 and C2 specimen exhibited 85 % of weight loss with the temperature ranges from 300 °C to 400 °C. From SEM analysis, good bonding between fiber and matrix, voids, fiber breakages, fiber pullout, delamination, rich matrix area, poor adhesion between fiber and matrix, poor arrangement of fibers, interlinked fibers, and crack propagation were observed. Based on the results, C2 specimen which contains 30 wt% of sisal fiber and 5 wt% of red mud is performed well than other composites and it is suitable for various applications such as marine, automobile, and aeronautical.
{"title":"Effect of red mud on mechanical and thermal properties of agave sisalana/glass fiber–reinforced hybrid composites","authors":"Karthick Rasu, Anbumalar Veerabathiran","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0118","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mechanical, thermal, and morphological analysis of red mud filled sisal/glass fiber–reinforced polyester composites have been investigated. In this study, four composite specimens were prepared through hand layup technique by changing the weight percentage of sisal fiber and red mud. Weight percentage of glass fiber and polyester resin are kept constant. The fabricated composite specimens were subjected to mechanical properties such as hardness, impact and tensile behavior, thermal, and morphological analysis. From the results, it is observed that, maximum tensile strength of 45.6 MPa was obtained for C1 specimen. Maximum hardness and impact strength of 85.67 and 391.5 J m −1 was achieved for C2 specimen. In TGA study, C1 and C2 specimen exhibited 85 % of weight loss with the temperature ranges from 300 °C to 400 °C. From SEM analysis, good bonding between fiber and matrix, voids, fiber breakages, fiber pullout, delamination, rich matrix area, poor adhesion between fiber and matrix, poor arrangement of fibers, interlinked fibers, and crack propagation were observed. Based on the results, C2 specimen which contains 30 wt% of sisal fiber and 5 wt% of red mud is performed well than other composites and it is suitable for various applications such as marine, automobile, and aeronautical.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135548771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The crashworthiness and deformation behavior of circular composite tubes that were internally supported with expanded polypropylene (EPP) foams were investigated under lateral compression tests. Carbon woven (CFRP) and glass woven fiber/epoxy (GFRP) composites and EPP foam with densities of 30, 60, and 75 kg·m −3 were used. According to results, empty CFRP and GFRP tubes absorbed almost the same amount of energy; however, the GFRP tube had a higher specific energy absorption value due to its lower weight compared to the CFRP tube. EPP foam filling has a more significant effect on the crashworthiness of CFRP tubes compared to GFRP tubes. The best results in CFRP tubes, in terms of specific energy absorption, were obtained as 2.67 J g −1 at 75 kg·m −3 EPP foam-filled sample; however, 60 kg·m −3 EPP foam–filled sample exhibited the best configuration in terms of force efficiency. For the GFRP tubes, the best configuration was obtained at 60 kg·m −3 EPP foam–filled sample for all of the crashworthiness parameters. It is seen that the crushable length of composite tubes was shortened with the increase of EPP foam density. Lastly, the deformation behaviors of composite tubes showed that the CFRP tubes were more brittle than the GFRP tubes.
{"title":"Lateral compression behavior of expanded polypropylene foam–filled carbon and glass fiber composite tubes","authors":"Mehmet İskender Özsoy, Muhammet Muaz Yalçın","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The crashworthiness and deformation behavior of circular composite tubes that were internally supported with expanded polypropylene (EPP) foams were investigated under lateral compression tests. Carbon woven (CFRP) and glass woven fiber/epoxy (GFRP) composites and EPP foam with densities of 30, 60, and 75 kg·m −3 were used. According to results, empty CFRP and GFRP tubes absorbed almost the same amount of energy; however, the GFRP tube had a higher specific energy absorption value due to its lower weight compared to the CFRP tube. EPP foam filling has a more significant effect on the crashworthiness of CFRP tubes compared to GFRP tubes. The best results in CFRP tubes, in terms of specific energy absorption, were obtained as 2.67 J g −1 at 75 kg·m −3 EPP foam-filled sample; however, 60 kg·m −3 EPP foam–filled sample exhibited the best configuration in terms of force efficiency. For the GFRP tubes, the best configuration was obtained at 60 kg·m −3 EPP foam–filled sample for all of the crashworthiness parameters. It is seen that the crushable length of composite tubes was shortened with the increase of EPP foam density. Lastly, the deformation behaviors of composite tubes showed that the CFRP tubes were more brittle than the GFRP tubes.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135132518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Altug Bakirci, Selim Koca, Ozlem Erdogan, Mustafa Cemal Cakir
Abstract With the new manufacturing technologies, it has been possible to machine hard metals efficiently. During high-speed machining (HSM) of high-strength steel, the poor surface integrity of the workpiece affects the performance of the process. Surface roughness, microstructure, microhardness and residual stress are key performance indices for surface integrity directly controlled by tool wear and cutting parameters. In this study, high-feed milling (HFM) of a pocket on test samples made of DIN 1.2344 ESR mould steel with 55 HRc hardness was carried out on the CNC vertical milling machine. Three different cutting speeds and five different feed rates were used. At the end of the machining, tool wear was measured using a microscope. Subsequently, X-ray diffraction and hole drilling procedures were used to quantify residual stresses on machined test specimens. The results showed that under cutting conditions, the highest tensile residual stress was attained at f z = 0.78 mm·tooth −1 , v = 127.58 m·min −1 , and the highest compressive residual stress at f z = 0.5 mm·tooth −1 , v = 127.58 m·min −1 , on the workpiece surface. The most suitable cutting parameters were reported as f z = 0.63 mm·tooth −1 and v = 70 m·min −1 cutting speed when tool wear and residual stresses are considered together.
{"title":"Wear and residual stress in high-feed milling of AISI H13 tool steel","authors":"Altug Bakirci, Selim Koca, Ozlem Erdogan, Mustafa Cemal Cakir","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0144","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the new manufacturing technologies, it has been possible to machine hard metals efficiently. During high-speed machining (HSM) of high-strength steel, the poor surface integrity of the workpiece affects the performance of the process. Surface roughness, microstructure, microhardness and residual stress are key performance indices for surface integrity directly controlled by tool wear and cutting parameters. In this study, high-feed milling (HFM) of a pocket on test samples made of DIN 1.2344 ESR mould steel with 55 HRc hardness was carried out on the CNC vertical milling machine. Three different cutting speeds and five different feed rates were used. At the end of the machining, tool wear was measured using a microscope. Subsequently, X-ray diffraction and hole drilling procedures were used to quantify residual stresses on machined test specimens. The results showed that under cutting conditions, the highest tensile residual stress was attained at f z = 0.78 mm·tooth −1 , v = 127.58 m·min −1 , and the highest compressive residual stress at f z = 0.5 mm·tooth −1 , v = 127.58 m·min −1 , on the workpiece surface. The most suitable cutting parameters were reported as f z = 0.63 mm·tooth −1 and v = 70 m·min −1 cutting speed when tool wear and residual stresses are considered together.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135421145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Almond gum and varied concentrations of nanosilica (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 wt%) were introduced into the chitosan polymer matrix by solution cast method to enrich the characteristics of the bionanocomposite film. The surface topography, thermal stability, crystalline nature, and functional moieties of the synthesized bionanocomposite films were characterized by SEM, TGA, XRD, and FT-IR. The UV–Vis spectrophotometer showed a maximum absorption wavelength for the film containing the highest concentration of nanosilica. Change in properties such as increased tensile strength, elongation and reduced water solubility, and swelling properties were observed for the bionanocomposite film containing 1.0 wt% nanosilica. In addition, the films exhibited excellent inhibition effect against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungus, which were proven by well diffusion assay method. The carrot slices packed in the bionanocomposite film containing the highest amount of nanosilica retained their freshness for a longer period of time, suggesting the film to be an effective and excellent food packaging material.
{"title":"Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of novel chitosan blended almond gum–nanosilica bionanocomposite film for food packaging applications","authors":"Ruby Thomas, Vinaya Thattil Vincent, Umapathy Manickam Janarthanam, Lakshmanan Rajagopal, Skandha Jay","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0092","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Almond gum and varied concentrations of nanosilica (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 wt%) were introduced into the chitosan polymer matrix by solution cast method to enrich the characteristics of the bionanocomposite film. The surface topography, thermal stability, crystalline nature, and functional moieties of the synthesized bionanocomposite films were characterized by SEM, TGA, XRD, and FT-IR. The UV–Vis spectrophotometer showed a maximum absorption wavelength for the film containing the highest concentration of nanosilica. Change in properties such as increased tensile strength, elongation and reduced water solubility, and swelling properties were observed for the bionanocomposite film containing 1.0 wt% nanosilica. In addition, the films exhibited excellent inhibition effect against Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungus, which were proven by well diffusion assay method. The carrot slices packed in the bionanocomposite film containing the highest amount of nanosilica retained their freshness for a longer period of time, suggesting the film to be an effective and excellent food packaging material.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) plates of 6 mm thickness have been welded using tungsten inert gas, activated tungsten inert gas, electron beam welding and friction stir welding processes. Among these, in the first two, melting and solidification of material occurs slowly whereas, it is faster in electron beam welding process and no melting occurs in friction stir welding. Macro and microstructural studies, hardness surveys, tensile tests and percentage of ferrite content were compared for all the welds. The ferrite–austenite phase balance is 50 % each, with electron beam weld metal at about 65 % ferrite. This showed the hardness of the weld metal and heat affected zones to be higher than base metal. The weldment joint efficiencies are more than 90 %. The fracture location is found to be in the weld metal for tungsten inert gas and activated tungsten inert gas weld, in the nugget for friction stir welds and in the base metal for electron beam welds. The ductility of electron beam weld joints is 32 % while it is around 20 % for the others. The preferred order while choosing the welding process should be activated tungsten inert gas welding, tungsten inert gas welding, electron beam welding, and friction stir welding.
{"title":"Effect of welding processes on ferrite content, microstructure and mechanical properties of super duplex stainless steel 2507 welds","authors":"Chandragiri Baskar Sekar, Sajja Rama Koteswara Rao, Sundaravel Vijayan, Sadayan Rajendra Boopathy","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) plates of 6 mm thickness have been welded using tungsten inert gas, activated tungsten inert gas, electron beam welding and friction stir welding processes. Among these, in the first two, melting and solidification of material occurs slowly whereas, it is faster in electron beam welding process and no melting occurs in friction stir welding. Macro and microstructural studies, hardness surveys, tensile tests and percentage of ferrite content were compared for all the welds. The ferrite–austenite phase balance is 50 % each, with electron beam weld metal at about 65 % ferrite. This showed the hardness of the weld metal and heat affected zones to be higher than base metal. The weldment joint efficiencies are more than 90 %. The fracture location is found to be in the weld metal for tungsten inert gas and activated tungsten inert gas weld, in the nugget for friction stir welds and in the base metal for electron beam welds. The ductility of electron beam weld joints is 32 % while it is around 20 % for the others. The preferred order while choosing the welding process should be activated tungsten inert gas welding, tungsten inert gas welding, electron beam welding, and friction stir welding.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Solouki, Mohammad Reza Mohammad Aliha, Ahmad Makui, Naghdali Choupani
Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) using 3D printing techniques such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) has now found much attention, not only in prototyping but also in industrial production. Indeed, the 3D-printed components are now widely used as structural elements in many applications such as biomechanical engineering (dentistry, orthopedics, bio implants, etc.) and therefore, full understanding of their strength, load carrying capacity, improving the mechanical behaviors, and manufacturing process is an important issue. Charpy impact experiments offer information on the strength of a material to sudden failure where a sharp stress raiser or notch is present. In addition to providing information not available from any other simple mechanical experiments, the impact resistance tests are quick and inexpensive, so they are often used. In this research, impact strength experiments were conducted at room temperatures on rectangular samples containing three different notches including V-notch, U-notch, and Keyhole-notch to determine impact resistance of the 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) components. The capability of multiple comparison tests for analysis of variance like ANOVA, Tukey, and Fisher methods for prediction of impact resistance in the tested specimens were also investigated. The samples containing Keyhole notch showed highest Charpy impact resistance. In contrary, V-notched sample provided the lowest impact energy. All the employed statistical analyses reveal that the notch type has meaningful influence on the impact energy of 3D-printed parts.
{"title":"Analyzing the effect of notch geometry on the impact strength of 3D-printed specimens","authors":"Ali Solouki, Mohammad Reza Mohammad Aliha, Ahmad Makui, Naghdali Choupani","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) using 3D printing techniques such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) has now found much attention, not only in prototyping but also in industrial production. Indeed, the 3D-printed components are now widely used as structural elements in many applications such as biomechanical engineering (dentistry, orthopedics, bio implants, etc.) and therefore, full understanding of their strength, load carrying capacity, improving the mechanical behaviors, and manufacturing process is an important issue. Charpy impact experiments offer information on the strength of a material to sudden failure where a sharp stress raiser or notch is present. In addition to providing information not available from any other simple mechanical experiments, the impact resistance tests are quick and inexpensive, so they are often used. In this research, impact strength experiments were conducted at room temperatures on rectangular samples containing three different notches including V-notch, U-notch, and Keyhole-notch to determine impact resistance of the 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) components. The capability of multiple comparison tests for analysis of variance like ANOVA, Tukey, and Fisher methods for prediction of impact resistance in the tested specimens were also investigated. The samples containing Keyhole notch showed highest Charpy impact resistance. In contrary, V-notched sample provided the lowest impact energy. All the employed statistical analyses reveal that the notch type has meaningful influence on the impact energy of 3D-printed parts.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehmet Kopar, Ali Rıza Yıldız, Betül Sultan Yıldız
Abstract Composite materials have a wide range of applications in many industries due to their manufacturability, high strength values, and light filling. The sector where composite materials are mostly used is the aviation industry. Today, as a result of the development of aviation systems, drones have started to be actively used, and many studies have started to be carried out to mitigate them. In this study, the subcarrier part, which is part of the drone, was designed using glass and carbon fiber–reinforced composite materials. Using the data obtained at the end of the analysis, the stacking angle with the optimal displacement and stress value was determined by using the genetic algorithm (GA), gray wolf algorithm (GWO), and slime mold optimization (SMO) techniques in order to develop a carrier with a minimum displacement and stress value of more than 60 MPa. As a result of the optimization, it was determined that artificial intelligence algorithms could be used effectively in determining the stacking angle of composite materials, and the optimum values were determined in the slime mold algorithm.
{"title":"Optimum design of a composite drone component using slime mold algorithm","authors":"Mehmet Kopar, Ali Rıza Yıldız, Betül Sultan Yıldız","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0245","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Composite materials have a wide range of applications in many industries due to their manufacturability, high strength values, and light filling. The sector where composite materials are mostly used is the aviation industry. Today, as a result of the development of aviation systems, drones have started to be actively used, and many studies have started to be carried out to mitigate them. In this study, the subcarrier part, which is part of the drone, was designed using glass and carbon fiber–reinforced composite materials. Using the data obtained at the end of the analysis, the stacking angle with the optimal displacement and stress value was determined by using the genetic algorithm (GA), gray wolf algorithm (GWO), and slime mold optimization (SMO) techniques in order to develop a carrier with a minimum displacement and stress value of more than 60 MPa. As a result of the optimization, it was determined that artificial intelligence algorithms could be used effectively in determining the stacking angle of composite materials, and the optimum values were determined in the slime mold algorithm.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Guo, Mingchang Wu, Yan Xu, Leilei Wang, Fengping Yang, Qiang Bai, Zhenjun Feng, Xiaoyong Zhang, Yongxin Lu
Abstract The multi-pass fillet welds of casing pipe were welded onto the in-service pipeline, which is widely used in pipeline repairs. However, the influence of welding heat input of B-type sleeve circumferential fillet weld on the temperature and stress field at the pipe circumferential weld is still unclear. In this paper, a double ellipsoid heat source model is developed to investigate the weld temperature field, residual stress field, and deformation field of the repair welding in service. The results show that the increase of weld heat input can effectively increase the size of the weld pool and the size of the high-temperature zone of the B-type sleeve circumferential fillet weld. And the peak temperature of the inner wall of the pipe girth weld increases with the increase of welding heat input of the sleeve circumferential fillet weld. The axial stress peak of the inner wall of the pipe girth weld reduces with the increase of welding heat input of sleeve circumferential fillet weld, and the axial deformation peak of the inner wall of the pipe girth weld increases first and then decreases with the increase of welding heat input of sleeve circumferential fillet weld.
{"title":"Influence of heat input on temperature and stress field of X80 steel pipeline cirumferential weld using type-B sleeve repairing","authors":"Lei Guo, Mingchang Wu, Yan Xu, Leilei Wang, Fengping Yang, Qiang Bai, Zhenjun Feng, Xiaoyong Zhang, Yongxin Lu","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0274","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The multi-pass fillet welds of casing pipe were welded onto the in-service pipeline, which is widely used in pipeline repairs. However, the influence of welding heat input of B-type sleeve circumferential fillet weld on the temperature and stress field at the pipe circumferential weld is still unclear. In this paper, a double ellipsoid heat source model is developed to investigate the weld temperature field, residual stress field, and deformation field of the repair welding in service. The results show that the increase of weld heat input can effectively increase the size of the weld pool and the size of the high-temperature zone of the B-type sleeve circumferential fillet weld. And the peak temperature of the inner wall of the pipe girth weld increases with the increase of welding heat input of the sleeve circumferential fillet weld. The axial stress peak of the inner wall of the pipe girth weld reduces with the increase of welding heat input of sleeve circumferential fillet weld, and the axial deformation peak of the inner wall of the pipe girth weld increases first and then decreases with the increase of welding heat input of sleeve circumferential fillet weld.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A large number of metal parts specific to the aviation, energy, and biomedical industries are produced by the electron beam melting (EBM) method, which is one of the powder bed additive manufacturing techniques. The limited build volume of EBM machines does not allow the production of parts in the desired dimensions. One way to overcome this limitation is to weld small size additive manufactured parts. In this study, EBMed Ti6Al4V tensile specimens were joined by laser (LBW) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Welding morphologies, microstructures, and mechanical properties of joints were investigated. The main defects in the samples are pore formation and insufficient penetration. The weld zones of TIG samples contain a higher amount of pores than laser samples, and these pores are distributed over the entire area of the weld. The pores are less than 200 µm in diameter. TIG welded samples exhibited higher mechanical properties than laser welded samples. The highest microhardness was measured in the weld zone. Microhardness of laser welded samples are higher than TIG welded samples. While the welding regions of TIG welded samples consist of coarse and acicular α and α + β structures, laser welded samples consist of thin and acicular α′ structure.
{"title":"Comparison between laser and TIG welding of electron beam melted Ti6Al4V parts","authors":"Murat Sen, Mustafa Kurt","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A large number of metal parts specific to the aviation, energy, and biomedical industries are produced by the electron beam melting (EBM) method, which is one of the powder bed additive manufacturing techniques. The limited build volume of EBM machines does not allow the production of parts in the desired dimensions. One way to overcome this limitation is to weld small size additive manufactured parts. In this study, EBMed Ti6Al4V tensile specimens were joined by laser (LBW) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Welding morphologies, microstructures, and mechanical properties of joints were investigated. The main defects in the samples are pore formation and insufficient penetration. The weld zones of TIG samples contain a higher amount of pores than laser samples, and these pores are distributed over the entire area of the weld. The pores are less than 200 µm in diameter. TIG welded samples exhibited higher mechanical properties than laser welded samples. The highest microhardness was measured in the weld zone. Microhardness of laser welded samples are higher than TIG welded samples. While the welding regions of TIG welded samples consist of coarse and acicular α and α + β structures, laser welded samples consist of thin and acicular α′ structure.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136264246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：