(CoFeNiMn)100−xCrx (x = 5, 20, 35 at.%) HEAs were produced using vacuum arc melting followed by suction casting using industrial-grade raw materials and subsequent annealing at 1150 °C for 24 h. The increasing Cr content triggered the formation of the Cr7C3 in the FCC matrix due to the presence of C impurity in the raw materials. The increasing Cr content from 5 to 35 at.% raised the hardness from 206 (±7) to 383 (±4) HV and yield strength from 210 to 350 MPa due to the embedded Cr7C3 phases in the matrix. The HEA consists of 20 at.% Cr was found to be the most promising alloy due to the strength-ductility trade-off with the values of 350 MPa compressive yield strength and 10.7 % strain. The enhanced mechanical properties of the HEAs by using industrial-grade low-cost raw materials could make them more attractive materials for industrial applications.
(CoFeNiMn)100-xCrx（x = 5、20、35 at.%）HEA 采用真空电弧熔炼法生产，随后使用工业级原材料进行吸铸，并在 1150 °C 下退火 24 小时。由于原材料中存在 C 杂质，铬含量的增加会在催化裂化基体中形成 Cr7C3。由于基体中嵌入了 Cr7C3 相，将铬含量从 5%提高到 35%后，硬度从 206 (±7) HV 提高到 383 (±4) HV，屈服强度从 210 MPa 提高到 350 MPa。铬含量为 20% 的 HEA 是最有发展前景的合金，因为它在强度-电导率之间进行了权衡，抗压屈服强度为 350 兆帕，应变为 10.7%。通过使用工业级低成本原材料提高 HEA 的机械性能，可使其成为更具吸引力的工业应用材料。
{"title":"Enhanced strength of (CoFeNiMn)100−xCrx (x = 5, 20, 35 at.%) high entropy alloys via formation of carbide phases produced from industrial-grade raw materials","authors":"Gökhan Polat","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0363","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 (CoFeNiMn)100−xCrx (x = 5, 20, 35 at.%) HEAs were produced using vacuum arc melting followed by suction casting using industrial-grade raw materials and subsequent annealing at 1150 °C for 24 h. The increasing Cr content triggered the formation of the Cr7C3 in the FCC matrix due to the presence of C impurity in the raw materials. The increasing Cr content from 5 to 35 at.% raised the hardness from 206 (±7) to 383 (±4) HV and yield strength from 210 to 350 MPa due to the embedded Cr7C3 phases in the matrix. The HEA consists of 20 at.% Cr was found to be the most promising alloy due to the strength-ductility trade-off with the values of 350 MPa compressive yield strength and 10.7 % strain. The enhanced mechanical properties of the HEAs by using industrial-grade low-cost raw materials could make them more attractive materials for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research work is focused on analyzing the tribological and corrosion impacts of introducing a new metal/bioceramic (Ti/HA) compound into the matrix of the Mg–3Zn alloy. The hybrid composites were developed using the squeeze casting method. The density, microhardness, and microstructure of the developed composite materials were examined. A pin-on-disk tribology meter was used to conduct the tribological study under a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) lubricating medium. Studies on electrochemical corrosion were carried out in the PBS medium. Incorporating hybrid Ti/HA particles into the Mg–3Zn alloy matrix significantly increased the density and microhardness of the composites. Optical microscopy demonstrates a refined grain size and uniform distribution of reinforced particles, showcasing improved structural integrity. Scanning electron microscopy analysis further confirms the α-Mg and β-Mg–Zn phases. According to the findings of wear tests, the Ti/HA inclusion in the Mg–3Zn (MZ0) matrix increased the resistance to wear behavior. Abrasion, delamination, oxide layer formation, and severe delamination features were observed at the worn surfaces. Abrasive wear happened along with all other wear mechanisms and served as a wear initiator. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments revealed that the corrosion resistance of hybrid composites was increased with the inclusion of 1.5 % HA.
{"title":"Tribological and electrochemical corrosion behavior of binary Mg–3Zn novel hybrid composites for biodegradable implant applications","authors":"Vignesh Packkirisamy, Ramanathan Sundaramurthy, Ashokkumar Mohankumar, Tushar Sonar","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0407","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present research work is focused on analyzing the tribological and corrosion impacts of introducing a new metal/bioceramic (Ti/HA) compound into the matrix of the Mg–3Zn alloy. The hybrid composites were developed using the squeeze casting method. The density, microhardness, and microstructure of the developed composite materials were examined. A pin-on-disk tribology meter was used to conduct the tribological study under a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) lubricating medium. Studies on electrochemical corrosion were carried out in the PBS medium. Incorporating hybrid Ti/HA particles into the Mg–3Zn alloy matrix significantly increased the density and microhardness of the composites. Optical microscopy demonstrates a refined grain size and uniform distribution of reinforced particles, showcasing improved structural integrity. Scanning electron microscopy analysis further confirms the α-Mg and β-Mg–Zn phases. According to the findings of wear tests, the Ti/HA inclusion in the Mg–3Zn (MZ0) matrix increased the resistance to wear behavior. Abrasion, delamination, oxide layer formation, and severe delamination features were observed at the worn surfaces. Abrasive wear happened along with all other wear mechanisms and served as a wear initiator. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments revealed that the corrosion resistance of hybrid composites was increased with the inclusion of 1.5 % HA.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Karaduman, İ. Özkul, S. H. Güler, Canan Aksu Canbay
In this study, two high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) of CuAlV with unprecedented chemical compositions were fabricated using the arc melting technique, followed by traditional ice-brine water quenching after the melting process. To characterize the shape memory properties and structure of the alloys, a series of tests including differential calorimetry (DSC and DTA), EDS, optical microscopy, and XRD were conducted. The DSC tests, performed at different heating and cooling rates, demonstrated highly stable reversible martensitic phase transformation peaks at high temperatures, which were also confirmed by the results of DTA tests. Microstructural XRD and optical microscopy tests were conducted at room temperature, revealing the martensitic structure of the alloys in both cases. Based on all the results, the effects of different minor amounts of vanadium additives directly on the CuAlV alloy were discussed.
{"title":"High thermal stability effect of vanadium on the binary CuAl base alloy for a novel CuAlV high-temperature shape memory alloy","authors":"O. Karaduman, İ. Özkul, S. H. Güler, Canan Aksu Canbay","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0375","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, two high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) of CuAlV with unprecedented chemical compositions were fabricated using the arc melting technique, followed by traditional ice-brine water quenching after the melting process. To characterize the shape memory properties and structure of the alloys, a series of tests including differential calorimetry (DSC and DTA), EDS, optical microscopy, and XRD were conducted. The DSC tests, performed at different heating and cooling rates, demonstrated highly stable reversible martensitic phase transformation peaks at high temperatures, which were also confirmed by the results of DTA tests. Microstructural XRD and optical microscopy tests were conducted at room temperature, revealing the martensitic structure of the alloys in both cases. Based on all the results, the effects of different minor amounts of vanadium additives directly on the CuAlV alloy were discussed.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iasmina-Mădălina Anghel, I. Uțu, A. Pascu, I. Hulka, Dino Woelk, G. Mărginean
Coatings deposition using different materials and various techniques are a viable method to improve the surface properties of alloys, especially the surface strength with improved tribological properties. In this study, a series of Co-based reinforced composite coatings containing different ratios of WC–CoCr–Ni particles were fabricated by laser cladding onto the surface of an AISI 904L stainless steel substrate. The main goal of this experimental work was to determine the influence of the WC particle addition on the structure and properties of the obtained Co composite coating in terms of improving the sliding wear resistance without negative influence the corrosion resistance in chloride media. The effect of the WC particles onto the microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, wear and corrosion properties, was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) in association with the evolution of the friction coefficient and that of the polarization curves, respectively. The achieved results have shown that the new phase composition, especially developed due to the remelting of the WC phase, led to an improvement of the wear resistance. No significant changes were recorded after the electrochemical tests evaluation.
使用不同的材料和各种技术进行涂层沉积是改善合金表面性能的一种可行方法，尤其是在改善摩擦学性能的同时提高表面强度。在本研究中，通过激光熔覆技术在 AISI 904L 不锈钢基体表面制造了一系列含有不同比例 WC-CoCr-Ni 颗粒的 Co 基增强复合涂层。这项实验工作的主要目的是确定添加 WC 粒子对所获得 Co 复合涂层结构和性能的影响，即在提高滑动耐磨性的同时，不会对氯化物介质中的耐腐蚀性产生负面影响。通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD) 以及摩擦系数和极化曲线的变化，分别研究了 WC 粒子对微观结构、相组成、显微硬度、磨损和腐蚀特性的影响。结果表明，新的相组成，特别是由于 WC 相的重熔而形成的新相，提高了耐磨性。电化学测试评估后未发现明显变化。
{"title":"Microstructure and properties of Co based laser cladded composite coatings","authors":"Iasmina-Mădălina Anghel, I. Uțu, A. Pascu, I. Hulka, Dino Woelk, G. Mărginean","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0362","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Coatings deposition using different materials and various techniques are a viable method to improve the surface properties of alloys, especially the surface strength with improved tribological properties. In this study, a series of Co-based reinforced composite coatings containing different ratios of WC–CoCr–Ni particles were fabricated by laser cladding onto the surface of an AISI 904L stainless steel substrate. The main goal of this experimental work was to determine the influence of the WC particle addition on the structure and properties of the obtained Co composite coating in terms of improving the sliding wear resistance without negative influence the corrosion resistance in chloride media. The effect of the WC particles onto the microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, wear and corrosion properties, was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) in association with the evolution of the friction coefficient and that of the polarization curves, respectively. The achieved results have shown that the new phase composition, especially developed due to the remelting of the WC phase, led to an improvement of the wear resistance. No significant changes were recorded after the electrochemical tests evaluation.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Azam, Muhammad Akmal Kosnan, R. F. Munawar, Tee Chee Yin, Nurhaliana Shazwani Mohd Halim, Alicja Klimkowicz, A. Takasaki
X-rays have many uses in screening and materials characterization applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis are among them. From the XRD data, a crystal structure can be determined by analysis of the XRD pattern, intensity, and positions of the peaks. Information about the crystallographic space group, lattice parameters, preferred orientation, and crystallite size can be derived. XPS examines the surface chemical state of a sample. This review will focus exclusively on MXene compounds and their analysis using XRD and XPS. MXene are layered compounds with a strong potential for application in energy storage. Since MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitride, the material exhibit signals indicating the presence of specific transition elements, 1s carbon, and 1s oxygen. Additionally, there is a possibility of detecting an element from group 13 or 14 of the periodic table, such as aluminum, nitrogen, or fluorine. A comprehensive study based on XRD and XPS analytical techniques of 2-dimensional electrode materials may provide advancement in the field of energy storage. MXene especially deserve attention due to their remarkable structural and electrochemical characteristics, such as conductivity, topological, and surface area, which attracted numerous researchers worldwide.
{"title":"X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of MXene electrode material used in energy storage applications – a review","authors":"M. A. Azam, Muhammad Akmal Kosnan, R. F. Munawar, Tee Chee Yin, Nurhaliana Shazwani Mohd Halim, Alicja Klimkowicz, A. Takasaki","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0295","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 X-rays have many uses in screening and materials characterization applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis are among them. From the XRD data, a crystal structure can be determined by analysis of the XRD pattern, intensity, and positions of the peaks. Information about the crystallographic space group, lattice parameters, preferred orientation, and crystallite size can be derived. XPS examines the surface chemical state of a sample. This review will focus exclusively on MXene compounds and their analysis using XRD and XPS. MXene are layered compounds with a strong potential for application in energy storage. Since MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitride, the material exhibit signals indicating the presence of specific transition elements, 1s carbon, and 1s oxygen. Additionally, there is a possibility of detecting an element from group 13 or 14 of the periodic table, such as aluminum, nitrogen, or fluorine. A comprehensive study based on XRD and XPS analytical techniques of 2-dimensional electrode materials may provide advancement in the field of energy storage. MXene especially deserve attention due to their remarkable structural and electrochemical characteristics, such as conductivity, topological, and surface area, which attracted numerous researchers worldwide.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The one-stage YOLOv5 steel surface defect detection has issues such as slow operation speed, loss of defect location and semantic information of small targets, and inadequate extraction of defect features. This study proposed a defect detection algorithm with improved YOLOv5 to solve these issues. The proposed algorithm used the slim-neck layer built by three new modules instead of the neck layer in YOLOv5s to achieve a lightweight network model. In addition, the spatial perception self-attention mechanism was introduced to enhance the feature extraction capability of the initial convolutional layer without limiting the input size. The improved Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling was added to expand the perceptual field and capture multiscale contextual information while preventing local information loss and enhancing the relevance of long-range information. The experimental results showed that the improved YOLOv5 algorithm has a reduced model volume, significantly higher detection accuracy and speed than the traditional algorithm, and the ability to detect steel surface defects quickly and accurately.
{"title":"Usage of an improved YOLOv5 for steel surface defect detection","authors":"Huihui Wen, Ying Li, Yu Wang, Haoyang Wang, Haolin Li, Hongye Zhang, Zhanwei Liu","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The one-stage YOLOv5 steel surface defect detection has issues such as slow operation speed, loss of defect location and semantic information of small targets, and inadequate extraction of defect features. This study proposed a defect detection algorithm with improved YOLOv5 to solve these issues. The proposed algorithm used the slim-neck layer built by three new modules instead of the neck layer in YOLOv5s to achieve a lightweight network model. In addition, the spatial perception self-attention mechanism was introduced to enhance the feature extraction capability of the initial convolutional layer without limiting the input size. The improved Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling was added to expand the perceptual field and capture multiscale contextual information while preventing local information loss and enhancing the relevance of long-range information. The experimental results showed that the improved YOLOv5 algorithm has a reduced model volume, significantly higher detection accuracy and speed than the traditional algorithm, and the ability to detect steel surface defects quickly and accurately.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The self-piercing riveting (SPR) experiences problems of poor forming qualities and mechanical properties during joining aviation alloy sheet materials. To address this issue, a novel combined process nominated ultrasonic self-piercing riveting (USPR) is carried out to join a 5A06 aluminium alloy and a TA1 titanium alloy sheets. The forming qualities, mechanical properties, failure modes, and mechanisms of USPR and SPR joints are comprehensively investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the USPR joints were enhanced due to the welding formation of a solid phase between the specimen sheets and the degree of solid phase. The investigation showed that the welding was mainly affected by the material of the upper sheet. However, the welding also increased the brittleness of the rivet to some extent. The failure modes of the joints are affected by the welding process. The results determined that APL, AFD, and AEA of USAA joints were improved by 25.6 %, 31.3 %, and 88.8 %, respectively. The performance of the USPR joints with 5A06 aluminum alloy as the upper sheet is improved more than 88.8 % after the welding process. The combined method can be advantageous and supportive for automotive and spacecraft applications.
{"title":"Mechanical properties of ultrasonic welded and self-piercing riveted joints in a 5A06 aluminum alloy and a TA1 titanium alloy","authors":"Lun Zhao, Xiaole Huo, Zeshan Abbas, Zhaofeng Liang","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0146","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The self-piercing riveting (SPR) experiences problems of poor forming qualities and mechanical properties during joining aviation alloy sheet materials. To address this issue, a novel combined process nominated ultrasonic self-piercing riveting (USPR) is carried out to join a 5A06 aluminium alloy and a TA1 titanium alloy sheets. The forming qualities, mechanical properties, failure modes, and mechanisms of USPR and SPR joints are comprehensively investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the USPR joints were enhanced due to the welding formation of a solid phase between the specimen sheets and the degree of solid phase. The investigation showed that the welding was mainly affected by the material of the upper sheet. However, the welding also increased the brittleness of the rivet to some extent. The failure modes of the joints are affected by the welding process. The results determined that APL, AFD, and AEA of USAA joints were improved by 25.6 %, 31.3 %, and 88.8 %, respectively. The performance of the USPR joints with 5A06 aluminum alloy as the upper sheet is improved more than 88.8 % after the welding process. The combined method can be advantageous and supportive for automotive and spacecraft applications.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aluminum AA7050 alloy has high toughness and high strength. Despite the high machinability of the AA7050 alloy, hole quality can vary according to tool geometry and drilling parameters. This study investigated the effects of different cutting parameters and three different drill point angles on thrust force and torque. Numerical analyses for thrust force and torque were performed using the finite element method. The lowest thrust force and the highest torque were obtained with the drill at 130° drill point angle, while the highest cutting force and lowest torque were obtained with the drill at 118° drill point angle. There is an average difference of 5.37 and 6.9 % between the experimental and analysis values for thrust forces and torque, respectively, and the applicability of the finite element model has been proven. In the last part of the study, thrust force and torque are modeled with artificial neural networks. The statistical accuracy (R 2) values for the learning and testing values in the thrust force of the equation are 0.997797 and 0.995739, respectively. Torque’s learning and testing accuracy values are 0.987247 and 0.937909, respectively. The obtained equations have a high accuracy rate.
{"title":"Modeling of thrust force and torque in drilling aluminum 7050","authors":"Ebru Aslan, Duygu Gürkan Kocataş, Gültekin Uzun","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0335","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aluminum AA7050 alloy has high toughness and high strength. Despite the high machinability of the AA7050 alloy, hole quality can vary according to tool geometry and drilling parameters. This study investigated the effects of different cutting parameters and three different drill point angles on thrust force and torque. Numerical analyses for thrust force and torque were performed using the finite element method. The lowest thrust force and the highest torque were obtained with the drill at 130° drill point angle, while the highest cutting force and lowest torque were obtained with the drill at 118° drill point angle. There is an average difference of 5.37 and 6.9 % between the experimental and analysis values for thrust forces and torque, respectively, and the applicability of the finite element model has been proven. In the last part of the study, thrust force and torque are modeled with artificial neural networks. The statistical accuracy (R\u0000 2) values for the learning and testing values in the thrust force of the equation are 0.997797 and 0.995739, respectively. Torque’s learning and testing accuracy values are 0.987247 and 0.937909, respectively. The obtained equations have a high accuracy rate.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajendran Pradeep Raj, D. Thirumalaikumarasamy, Tushar Sonar, Rajangam Pavendhan
This research work aims for developing the water jet erosion (WJE) prediction equation and analyzing the optimum water jet erosion parameters such as impingement angle (degree), water jet velocity (m s−1), stand-off distance (mm), and erodent discharge rate (g min−1) for minimizing the water jet erosion of 35CrMo steel coated with WC10Ni5Cr coating. The optimized high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) process parameters were employed for developing the coating of WC10Ni5Cr on 35CrMo steel. The WJE prediction equations were checked for its validity employing analysis of variance (ANOVA). The water jet erosion was measured as the loss of mass (g) after water jet erosion testing for noncoated and coated 35CrMo steel substrates. From the results it was analyzed that the noncoated and coated 35CrMo steel substrates when subjected to the impingement angle of 60°, water jet velocity of 15 m s−1, stand-off distance of 40 mm, and erodent discharge rate of 1500 g min−1 displayed lower mass loss of 0.0177 g and 0.0079 g. The coated 35CrMo steel substrate showed 55.36 % decrement in erosion compared to noncoated 35CrMo steel substrate. These findings support the employability of WC10Ni5Cr HVOF coating for 35CrMo steel to improve its water jet erosion resistance in engineering applications.
{"title":"Effect of water jet erosion parameters on erosion rate of WC10Ni5Cr HVOF coated 35CrMo steel","authors":"Rajendran Pradeep Raj, D. Thirumalaikumarasamy, Tushar Sonar, Rajangam Pavendhan","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0243","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research work aims for developing the water jet erosion (WJE) prediction equation and analyzing the optimum water jet erosion parameters such as impingement angle (degree), water jet velocity (m s−1), stand-off distance (mm), and erodent discharge rate (g min−1) for minimizing the water jet erosion of 35CrMo steel coated with WC10Ni5Cr coating. The optimized high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) process parameters were employed for developing the coating of WC10Ni5Cr on 35CrMo steel. The WJE prediction equations were checked for its validity employing analysis of variance (ANOVA). The water jet erosion was measured as the loss of mass (g) after water jet erosion testing for noncoated and coated 35CrMo steel substrates. From the results it was analyzed that the noncoated and coated 35CrMo steel substrates when subjected to the impingement angle of 60°, water jet velocity of 15 m s−1, stand-off distance of 40 mm, and erodent discharge rate of 1500 g min−1 displayed lower mass loss of 0.0177 g and 0.0079 g. The coated 35CrMo steel substrate showed 55.36 % decrement in erosion compared to noncoated 35CrMo steel substrate. These findings support the employability of WC10Ni5Cr HVOF coating for 35CrMo steel to improve its water jet erosion resistance in engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaithiyanathan Vijayakumar, Tushar Sonar, S. Venkatesan, Arun Negemiya, Mikhail Ivanov
The primary aim of this study is to analyze the influence of inter-pulse tungsten inert gas (IP-TIG) welding parameters (peak current, inter-pulse current, and inter-pulse frequency) on weld bead geometry, tensile properties, and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy joints for gas turbine applications. IP-TIG welding principally featured by magnetic arc constriction and pulsing was employed to overcome the high heat input problems in TIG welding of thin Ti6Al4V alloy sheets such as wider bead and HAZ, coarsening of beta grains, inferior ductility, distortion of joints, and atmospheric contamination which significantly deteriorates the mechanical performance of welded sheets. The tensile properties and microhardness of IP-TIG joints were evaluated and correlated to the microstructural features. The microstructural features were analyzed using optical microscopy. The fractured surfaces of tensile specimens were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the Ti6Al4V alloy joints developed using peak current of 50 A, inter-pulse current of 30 A, and inter-pulse frequency of 20 kHz exhibited greater strength, hardness and elongation. It showed greater tensile strength of 1030 MPa, yield strength of 981 MPa, and elongation of 10 % and FZ microhardness of 391 HV0.2. It is mainly due to the development of refined grains in fusion zone (FZ).
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