L. Gerdes, S. Mrzljak, J.-M. Keuntje, V. Wippo, P. Jaeschke, Frank Walther
Abstract Since the development of laser systems technology led to a significantly decreased energy input by pulsing, laser cutting became a noteworthy method for cutting fiber-reinforced polymers. Despite the occurrence of heat introduction and heat-affected zones (HAZ), there are advantages regarding processing speed and maneuverability. Within this work, the influence of two cutting parameters (low (A) and high heat introduction (B)) on the fatigue properties of carbon fiber–reinforced epoxy and polyamide 6 were investigated. At the same time, micro waterjet cut specimens were added as a reference. In doing so, laminates were cut to different specimen widths and orientations. Multiple amplitude tests were performed with strain and temperature measurements. The results show an influence of specimen width on fatigue lifetime for the epoxy system, but not in polyamide 6. The 45° specimens for both CFR-EP and CFR-PA6 showed a decreased lifetime when cut with parameters B. However, these findings do not apply to 0° specimens, since parameters A lead to a smaller lifetime for CFR-EP, and no influence was found for CFR-PA6. Furthermore, no clear HAZ could be identified for A. Since there is a decrease in lifetime for CFR-EP, the necessity of applying further methods for HAZ detection is described.
{"title":"Fatigue performance of laser cut carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy and polyamide 6 considering specimen width","authors":"L. Gerdes, S. Mrzljak, J.-M. Keuntje, V. Wippo, P. Jaeschke, Frank Walther","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the development of laser systems technology led to a significantly decreased energy input by pulsing, laser cutting became a noteworthy method for cutting fiber-reinforced polymers. Despite the occurrence of heat introduction and heat-affected zones (HAZ), there are advantages regarding processing speed and maneuverability. Within this work, the influence of two cutting parameters (low (A) and high heat introduction (B)) on the fatigue properties of carbon fiber–reinforced epoxy and polyamide 6 were investigated. At the same time, micro waterjet cut specimens were added as a reference. In doing so, laminates were cut to different specimen widths and orientations. Multiple amplitude tests were performed with strain and temperature measurements. The results show an influence of specimen width on fatigue lifetime for the epoxy system, but not in polyamide 6. The 45° specimens for both CFR-EP and CFR-PA6 showed a decreased lifetime when cut with parameters B. However, these findings do not apply to 0° specimens, since parameters A lead to a smaller lifetime for CFR-EP, and no influence was found for CFR-PA6. Furthermore, no clear HAZ could be identified for A. Since there is a decrease in lifetime for CFR-EP, the necessity of applying further methods for HAZ detection is described.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85365810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ekşi, Fatih Emir Danyildiz, Neslihan Özsoy, Murat Özsoy
Abstract In this study, hybrid (carbon, glass, and aramid) fabric epoxy composite laminates were fabricated with different layering sequences by hand lay-up. The effects of layering arrangements of laminated composite fibers on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites were investigated. Tensile, bending, and impact tests were performed to obtain the mechanical behaviors of hybrid composites. It was found that the layering sequences significantly affect the tensile, bending strength, and impact energy. As a result of the tensile tests, the highest tensile strength was obtained in the 3C + 3G combination. The highest load-carrying capacity in three-point bending tests was obtained in the 2G + 2A + 2C combination. The combination with the highest impact energy was 2C + 2G + 2A, and the lowest was 3C + 3G. It has been observed that hybrid composites containing aramid fiber absorb higher impact energy than others. The results showed that the layering sequences are essential in hybrid composites with the same fiber and layer number.
{"title":"Tensile, bending, and impact properties of laminated carbon/aramid/glass hybrid fiber composites","authors":"S. Ekşi, Fatih Emir Danyildiz, Neslihan Özsoy, Murat Özsoy","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, hybrid (carbon, glass, and aramid) fabric epoxy composite laminates were fabricated with different layering sequences by hand lay-up. The effects of layering arrangements of laminated composite fibers on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites were investigated. Tensile, bending, and impact tests were performed to obtain the mechanical behaviors of hybrid composites. It was found that the layering sequences significantly affect the tensile, bending strength, and impact energy. As a result of the tensile tests, the highest tensile strength was obtained in the 3C + 3G combination. The highest load-carrying capacity in three-point bending tests was obtained in the 2G + 2A + 2C combination. The combination with the highest impact energy was 2C + 2G + 2A, and the lowest was 3C + 3G. It has been observed that hybrid composites containing aramid fiber absorb higher impact energy than others. The results showed that the layering sequences are essential in hybrid composites with the same fiber and layer number.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86085852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing Wang, Xiao-song Jiang, Jinmei Chen, Hongliang Sun
Abstract To improve the ductility and toughness of refractory high entropy alloy (Ti, Zr, V), Mn and Cu were added to form TiZrVMnCu high entropy alloy with soft and hard phases. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Er were introduced to fabricated composites with high strength and ductility. The relative density, microhardness, and compressive strength of TiZrVMnCu–Er–CNTs composites were in direct proportional to CNTs content from 0 to 0.5 wt%. The composite with 0.5 wt% CNTs has the highest hardness (634.4 HV) and strength (1720.7 MPa), and the strain variable is 14.3 %. The fracture toughness of the composites was improved by the crack bridging mechanism and crack deflection mechanism induced by adding CNTs. The fine grain, second phase strengthening mechanism, and the load transfer mechanism induced by CNTs improved the strength and hardness of the composites. Er can achieve solid solution strengthening or play a role in the second phase and fine grain strengthening.
{"title":"Effect of carbon nanotubes on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiZrVMnCu–Er high entropy alloy composites","authors":"Xing Wang, Xiao-song Jiang, Jinmei Chen, Hongliang Sun","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0066","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To improve the ductility and toughness of refractory high entropy alloy (Ti, Zr, V), Mn and Cu were added to form TiZrVMnCu high entropy alloy with soft and hard phases. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Er were introduced to fabricated composites with high strength and ductility. The relative density, microhardness, and compressive strength of TiZrVMnCu–Er–CNTs composites were in direct proportional to CNTs content from 0 to 0.5 wt%. The composite with 0.5 wt% CNTs has the highest hardness (634.4 HV) and strength (1720.7 MPa), and the strain variable is 14.3 %. The fracture toughness of the composites was improved by the crack bridging mechanism and crack deflection mechanism induced by adding CNTs. The fine grain, second phase strengthening mechanism, and the load transfer mechanism induced by CNTs improved the strength and hardness of the composites. Er can achieve solid solution strengthening or play a role in the second phase and fine grain strengthening.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90018034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In recent years, there has been a logarithmic interest in three-dimensional printing technologies. This technique has made it possible to make more intricately shaped parts of superior quality, allowing for use in a variety of industries, including aircraft, automobiles, and ships. This study characterized the materials and assessed the mechanical features of PLA, PETG, and ABS materials generated at various raster angles. The strength ratios of the various materials have been found to fluctuate when the raster angles change. The PLA parts created at a picture raster angle of 45° had the maximum tensile strength. ABS material created with a picture raster angle of 45° has been shown to have the best energy absorption, and PLA material made with a raster angle of 45° has the best performance compressive strength. When bending strength was evaluated, it was found that samples of ABS made with a raster angle of 0–90° had the greatest value. The SEM micrographs were obtained, and the tensile test was used to examine the fracture behavior of the materials. As a result, it has been found that materials created using various raster angles can have various strength values from one another.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of PLA, ABS, and PETG 3-d printing materials using fused deposition modeling technique","authors":"Mehmet Kopar, Ali Riza Yildiz","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, there has been a logarithmic interest in three-dimensional printing technologies. This technique has made it possible to make more intricately shaped parts of superior quality, allowing for use in a variety of industries, including aircraft, automobiles, and ships. This study characterized the materials and assessed the mechanical features of PLA, PETG, and ABS materials generated at various raster angles. The strength ratios of the various materials have been found to fluctuate when the raster angles change. The PLA parts created at a picture raster angle of 45° had the maximum tensile strength. ABS material created with a picture raster angle of 45° has been shown to have the best energy absorption, and PLA material made with a raster angle of 45° has the best performance compressive strength. When bending strength was evaluated, it was found that samples of ABS made with a raster angle of 0–90° had the greatest value. The SEM micrographs were obtained, and the tensile test was used to examine the fracture behavior of the materials. As a result, it has been found that materials created using various raster angles can have various strength values from one another.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136298692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sevda Albayrak, Canser Gül, Nuray Emin, U. Gökmen, Halil Karakoç, A. Uzun, H. Çinici
Abstract The corrosion and bacterial behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy coated with sol–gel-deposited amorphous tantalum oxide and hydroxyapatite have been investigated. The objective was to assess the potential suitability of AZ91 for permanent prosthesis applications. The coatings were applied in layered and hybrid configurations and characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry, and drop analyses. The antibacterial properties were evaluated through interactions with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. Mechanical properties and adhesion were determined via linear scratch tests, and electrochemical corrosion tests were conducted in different media. The release of aluminum ions from the samples in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium was monitored over 28 days. The findings revealed that the amorphous tantalum oxide coating, particularly in combination with hydroxyapatite, improved antibacterial properties and positively influenced corrosion and scratch resistance. The layered and hybrid coatings demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance. The release of aluminum ions remained within acceptable levels in the tested medium. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the potential of sol–gel coatings on AZ91 for prosthetic applications, considering antibacterial behavior, corrosion resistance, and aluminum release.
{"title":"Electrochemical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of the AZ91 Mg alloy by hybrid and layered hydroxyapatite and tantalum oxide sol–gel coating","authors":"Sevda Albayrak, Canser Gül, Nuray Emin, U. Gökmen, Halil Karakoç, A. Uzun, H. Çinici","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0138","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The corrosion and bacterial behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy coated with sol–gel-deposited amorphous tantalum oxide and hydroxyapatite have been investigated. The objective was to assess the potential suitability of AZ91 for permanent prosthesis applications. The coatings were applied in layered and hybrid configurations and characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry, and drop analyses. The antibacterial properties were evaluated through interactions with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. Mechanical properties and adhesion were determined via linear scratch tests, and electrochemical corrosion tests were conducted in different media. The release of aluminum ions from the samples in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium was monitored over 28 days. The findings revealed that the amorphous tantalum oxide coating, particularly in combination with hydroxyapatite, improved antibacterial properties and positively influenced corrosion and scratch resistance. The layered and hybrid coatings demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance. The release of aluminum ions remained within acceptable levels in the tested medium. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the potential of sol–gel coatings on AZ91 for prosthetic applications, considering antibacterial behavior, corrosion resistance, and aluminum release.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78924854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bayan Jabbar Fayzulla, Mehmet Eroglu, Ahmet Erkliğ
Abstract Polyurethane is a versatile polymer with a high degree of toughness and ductility used in a wide variety of applications. In this study, two-part thermoset polyurethane was used as a matrix material to prepare hybrid and non-hybrid composites. Hybrid laminates were prepared by combining either glass fiber or basalt fibers with steel fibers. The mechanical properties of prepared composite specimens were characterized and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation was performed around the fracture region of the tested specimens. The results revealed a significant increment in tensile strength, and flexural strength in BS 1 -PU (8 layers of basalt-1 layer of steel) hybrid laminate by 357.74 % and 64.59 %, respectively, compared to steel fibers reinforced polyurethane composites. Furthermore, GS 4 -PU hybrid composite (5 layers of glass-4 layers of steel) achieved an improvement in tensile strain by 12.07 %, flexural strain by 25.32 %, and absorbed energy by 18.21 %, compared to glass fibers reinforced polyurethane composite. Moreover, the SEM observations revealed that the replacement of some basalt and glass layers with steel layers leads to a positive hybridization effect of the overall produced hybrid composites.
{"title":"Effect of polyurethane matrix and steel fiber in combination with glass fiber or basalt fiber on the properties of hybrid composite laminates","authors":"Bayan Jabbar Fayzulla, Mehmet Eroglu, Ahmet Erkliğ","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polyurethane is a versatile polymer with a high degree of toughness and ductility used in a wide variety of applications. In this study, two-part thermoset polyurethane was used as a matrix material to prepare hybrid and non-hybrid composites. Hybrid laminates were prepared by combining either glass fiber or basalt fibers with steel fibers. The mechanical properties of prepared composite specimens were characterized and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation was performed around the fracture region of the tested specimens. The results revealed a significant increment in tensile strength, and flexural strength in BS 1 -PU (8 layers of basalt-1 layer of steel) hybrid laminate by 357.74 % and 64.59 %, respectively, compared to steel fibers reinforced polyurethane composites. Furthermore, GS 4 -PU hybrid composite (5 layers of glass-4 layers of steel) achieved an improvement in tensile strain by 12.07 %, flexural strain by 25.32 %, and absorbed energy by 18.21 %, compared to glass fibers reinforced polyurethane composite. Moreover, the SEM observations revealed that the replacement of some basalt and glass layers with steel layers leads to a positive hybridization effect of the overall produced hybrid composites.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135640969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. O. Azeez, Grace Onyinyechi Iroh, Daniel Segun Odetunde, Amaka Tessy Egbuonu, P. Agbasi
Abstract The increased growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans) with allergy reaction of MMA remains an issue of concern among denture wearers. C. albicans growth inhibition, mechanical and water absorption potentials of extracted A19-saponin–commingled PMMA denture base composites were investigated. Soxhlet extraction technique for defatting of Dialium guineense (D. guineense) stem powder was used with ethanol to extract A19-saponin. Fungicidal inhibition concentration of A19-saponin extract of D. guineense was determined. PMMA denture base was prepared with incorporation of A19-saponin at different concentrations of obtained 23.2 % yield. The mechanical and water absorption properties were determined. The minimum and maximum fungicidal inhibition concentrations and susceptibility of 25 and 100 % for extracted A19-saponin were obtained, respectively. PMMA, MMA and extracted A19-saponin of ratio of 30 g: 5 ml: 5 ml denture was optimally fabricated. A19-saponin increased the impact strength and hardness by 352.94 and 11.54 % with reduced water absorption by 82.85 %. Thus, A19-saponin as an additive improved quality of denture.
{"title":"A19-saponin–modified polymethyl methacrylate base denture composites: antimicrobial, mechanical and water absorption potentials","authors":"T. O. Azeez, Grace Onyinyechi Iroh, Daniel Segun Odetunde, Amaka Tessy Egbuonu, P. Agbasi","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increased growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans) with allergy reaction of MMA remains an issue of concern among denture wearers. C. albicans growth inhibition, mechanical and water absorption potentials of extracted A19-saponin–commingled PMMA denture base composites were investigated. Soxhlet extraction technique for defatting of Dialium guineense (D. guineense) stem powder was used with ethanol to extract A19-saponin. Fungicidal inhibition concentration of A19-saponin extract of D. guineense was determined. PMMA denture base was prepared with incorporation of A19-saponin at different concentrations of obtained 23.2 % yield. The mechanical and water absorption properties were determined. The minimum and maximum fungicidal inhibition concentrations and susceptibility of 25 and 100 % for extracted A19-saponin were obtained, respectively. PMMA, MMA and extracted A19-saponin of ratio of 30 g: 5 ml: 5 ml denture was optimally fabricated. A19-saponin increased the impact strength and hardness by 352.94 and 11.54 % with reduced water absorption by 82.85 %. Thus, A19-saponin as an additive improved quality of denture.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73061582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oktay Çavuşoğlu, Işıl Bolova, Hakan Berk Aydın, A. Kara, Berna Güzeldağ, Haluk Dinkçi
Abstract Adhesive bonding is used to join materials that are difficult to join with other joining methods. In this study, the effects of adhesive bonding curing conditions and different ambient conditions on the tensile shear loading process were investigated for dual-phase 600 steel materials that are widely preferred in the automotive industry. Steel sheets used in the automotive industry are exposed to environmental conditions at different temperatures. For this purpose, uniaxial tensile tests at different ambient temperatures were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the adhesive bonded materials. The curing conditions affect adhesive mechanical properties. The lap shear strength decreased as the ambient temperature increased.
{"title":"Effect of bonding conditions on mechanical performance of DP600 steels at different ambient temperatures","authors":"Oktay Çavuşoğlu, Işıl Bolova, Hakan Berk Aydın, A. Kara, Berna Güzeldağ, Haluk Dinkçi","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adhesive bonding is used to join materials that are difficult to join with other joining methods. In this study, the effects of adhesive bonding curing conditions and different ambient conditions on the tensile shear loading process were investigated for dual-phase 600 steel materials that are widely preferred in the automotive industry. Steel sheets used in the automotive industry are exposed to environmental conditions at different temperatures. For this purpose, uniaxial tensile tests at different ambient temperatures were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the adhesive bonded materials. The curing conditions affect adhesive mechanical properties. The lap shear strength decreased as the ambient temperature increased.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86593540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Kharrat, Rania Chaari, M. Khlif, L. Hilliou, J. Covas, M. Haboussi, C. Bradai
Abstract Materials can display multiple mechanical behaviors when they are biaxially stressed. In this research work, films obtained through the blowing process were investigated in order to compare the mechanical properties and behavior of the film under uniaxial and biaxial stress conditions. Bulge test coupled with a continuous full-field strain measurement was undertaken in order to characterize polymeric film in a biaxial stress state. As far as this study is concerned, a laboratory-made pneumatic bulge test machine was used for the determination of the biaxial behavior of a 50 μm thickness PLSF (modified PLA) film. 3D-digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique was used in order to compute the strain field continuously during the test. Tensile test was equally performed on the film along its machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD). Strain field distribution in the film sample was analyzed and compared in both tests. The tensile test results displayed an isotropic behavior of the film in both directions. However, a difference in the strain at break was noticed because of the thickness instability along the TD. The comparison between uniaxial and biaxial properties resulted in almost the same properties with respect to the Young Modulus as well as the tensile strength.
{"title":"Bulge test technique and digital image correlation for the determination of the biaxial behavior of polymeric films","authors":"F. Kharrat, Rania Chaari, M. Khlif, L. Hilliou, J. Covas, M. Haboussi, C. Bradai","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Materials can display multiple mechanical behaviors when they are biaxially stressed. In this research work, films obtained through the blowing process were investigated in order to compare the mechanical properties and behavior of the film under uniaxial and biaxial stress conditions. Bulge test coupled with a continuous full-field strain measurement was undertaken in order to characterize polymeric film in a biaxial stress state. As far as this study is concerned, a laboratory-made pneumatic bulge test machine was used for the determination of the biaxial behavior of a 50 μm thickness PLSF (modified PLA) film. 3D-digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique was used in order to compute the strain field continuously during the test. Tensile test was equally performed on the film along its machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD). Strain field distribution in the film sample was analyzed and compared in both tests. The tensile test results displayed an isotropic behavior of the film in both directions. However, a difference in the strain at break was noticed because of the thickness instability along the TD. The comparison between uniaxial and biaxial properties resulted in almost the same properties with respect to the Young Modulus as well as the tensile strength.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74933249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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