Abstract This paper presents an experimental study aimed at providing new insights into passenger vehicle driver seat vibration. The study investigates the effects of various driver seat components on the damping coefficient. By employing a design for six sigma method, an optimized seating solution is proposed to enhance seat comfort levels. The control factors used in this study include seat cushion upholstery, topper foam, cushion foam, pulmaflex, torsion bar and seat structure. Seat position, foam thickness and body mass are considered as potential noise factors. Subjective evaluation of seat comfort is conducted using the SAE J 1441-2016, comparing three different passenger car driver seats. The seats are disassembled from the vehicles and mounted on a six-degree-of-freedom shaker test bench. Vertical vibration data are filtered, and transmissibility curves are experimentally obtained from the seat rail to the seat cushion via a pad. Uncomfortable seat prototypes are then manufactured, and alternative configurations are tested on the shaker. The objective and subjective evaluations of the seat prototypes reveal that lower foam hardness, higher foam density, and flexible upholstery contribute to improved comfort levels. Moreover, the prototype seat with optimum parameters receives a subjective evaluation SAE score of +0.75, indicating an enhancement in comfort.
{"title":"Vibrational comfort improvement for a passenger car driver seat","authors":"Serhat Akçay, Gürsel Şefkat","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents an experimental study aimed at providing new insights into passenger vehicle driver seat vibration. The study investigates the effects of various driver seat components on the damping coefficient. By employing a design for six sigma method, an optimized seating solution is proposed to enhance seat comfort levels. The control factors used in this study include seat cushion upholstery, topper foam, cushion foam, pulmaflex, torsion bar and seat structure. Seat position, foam thickness and body mass are considered as potential noise factors. Subjective evaluation of seat comfort is conducted using the SAE J 1441-2016, comparing three different passenger car driver seats. The seats are disassembled from the vehicles and mounted on a six-degree-of-freedom shaker test bench. Vertical vibration data are filtered, and transmissibility curves are experimentally obtained from the seat rail to the seat cushion via a pad. Uncomfortable seat prototypes are then manufactured, and alternative configurations are tested on the shaker. The objective and subjective evaluations of the seat prototypes reveal that lower foam hardness, higher foam density, and flexible upholstery contribute to improved comfort levels. Moreover, the prototype seat with optimum parameters receives a subjective evaluation SAE score of +0.75, indicating an enhancement in comfort.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136264243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenkun Li, Ning Li, Xinye Yan, Yang He, Yang Yang, Xinjing Xu, Qishuai Yin, Xiaofeng Liu, Yuzheng Hao, Jinfeng Ji
Abstract As an important device to control the drilling direction in the drilling process, centralizer plays an important role in slowing the deviation and improving the casing centering degree. This paper makes a detailed analysis on the fracture failure of centralizer after multiple repair welding. First, the macroscopic appearance of the port is observed by macroscopic inspection. Secondly, the physical and chemical performance analysis shows that all indicators meet the requirements of the indicators. Finally, through the microscopic morphology, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and other means to analyze the port crack source, combined with a variety of tests to find the true cause of fracture failure centralizer. After inspection, it was found that the centralizer was fatigue fracture, and showed multi-source cracking characteristics. Therefore, strict control of centralizer especially after repair welding quality, strengthen the quality inspection of centralizer, to carry out the relevant thermal processing technology research, and further effectively prevent the occurrence of fracture failure.
{"title":"Fracture failure analysis of an offshore drilling centralizer","authors":"Zhenkun Li, Ning Li, Xinye Yan, Yang He, Yang Yang, Xinjing Xu, Qishuai Yin, Xiaofeng Liu, Yuzheng Hao, Jinfeng Ji","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As an important device to control the drilling direction in the drilling process, centralizer plays an important role in slowing the deviation and improving the casing centering degree. This paper makes a detailed analysis on the fracture failure of centralizer after multiple repair welding. First, the macroscopic appearance of the port is observed by macroscopic inspection. Secondly, the physical and chemical performance analysis shows that all indicators meet the requirements of the indicators. Finally, through the microscopic morphology, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and other means to analyze the port crack source, combined with a variety of tests to find the true cause of fracture failure centralizer. After inspection, it was found that the centralizer was fatigue fracture, and showed multi-source cracking characteristics. Therefore, strict control of centralizer especially after repair welding quality, strengthen the quality inspection of centralizer, to carry out the relevant thermal processing technology research, and further effectively prevent the occurrence of fracture failure.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study, composite plates adhesively joined using single-lap joint without intermediated material (SLJ) and intermediated material (IM-SLJ) subject to bending loading were investigated via finite element analysis. DP 410 type adhesive was used. Composite parts and intermediate material were preferred as T700 carbon/epoxy. Numerical analyses were carried out using ANSYS 14.5 software package, in which the finite element method was taken into account. Failure situations for adhesive and composites were examined by the von-Mises failure criteria and the Tsai-wu failure criteria, respectively. Firstly, the failure loads for each parameter situation were determined. The equivalent stresses of the critical stress lines on adhesive layers were examined and critical stresses line were determined for length and width of adhesive layers. Shear, normal, and von-Mises stresses were investigated at obtained failure load for each parameter of SLJ and IM-SLJ. The von-Mises on the critical stress lines were compared for different overlap width and length of SLJ and IM-SLJ. The effects of joint techniques, orientation angles, and overlap dimensional were investigated on adhesive layer, and joint techniques were compared about advantages. A different study from the literature was carried out to compare the mechanical behavior of SLJ and IM-SLJ joining techniques.
{"title":"Mechanical analysis of composite plates adhesively joined with different single-lap techniques under bending loading","authors":"İsmail Yasin Sülü","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, composite plates adhesively joined using single-lap joint without intermediated material (SLJ) and intermediated material (IM-SLJ) subject to bending loading were investigated via finite element analysis. DP 410 type adhesive was used. Composite parts and intermediate material were preferred as T700 carbon/epoxy. Numerical analyses were carried out using ANSYS 14.5 software package, in which the finite element method was taken into account. Failure situations for adhesive and composites were examined by the von-Mises failure criteria and the Tsai-wu failure criteria, respectively. Firstly, the failure loads for each parameter situation were determined. The equivalent stresses of the critical stress lines on adhesive layers were examined and critical stresses line were determined for length and width of adhesive layers. Shear, normal, and von-Mises stresses were investigated at obtained failure load for each parameter of SLJ and IM-SLJ. The von-Mises on the critical stress lines were compared for different overlap width and length of SLJ and IM-SLJ. The effects of joint techniques, orientation angles, and overlap dimensional were investigated on adhesive layer, and joint techniques were compared about advantages. A different study from the literature was carried out to compare the mechanical behavior of SLJ and IM-SLJ joining techniques.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract To flake aluminum powder and strengthen the B 4 Cp/Al composite, pure aluminum powder is natural oxidized and ball milled. The effect of shear deformation on mechanical properties of the forged B 4 Cp/Al composite with flaked Al are studied. The results show that ball milling can flake the pure aluminum powder, reduce grain size of aluminum, and increase the volume fraction of Al 2 O 3 on the surface of the flaked aluminum. The forging helps to refine the grain size of aluminum. The flow of aluminum matrix is helpful to the uniform distribution of the B 4 C particles. Shear deformation can refine grain size and also can break the Al 2 O 3 layer, with the increment of strength, hardness, and relative density. After shear deformation, the ultimate tensile strength of the B 4 Cp/Al composite is 157.0 MPa.
{"title":"Effects of shear deformation on grain size and mechanical properties of the forged B<sub>4</sub>Cp/Al composite","authors":"Dongmei Gong, Feng Xu, Wenchao Shi, An Chen","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0135","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To flake aluminum powder and strengthen the B 4 Cp/Al composite, pure aluminum powder is natural oxidized and ball milled. The effect of shear deformation on mechanical properties of the forged B 4 Cp/Al composite with flaked Al are studied. The results show that ball milling can flake the pure aluminum powder, reduce grain size of aluminum, and increase the volume fraction of Al 2 O 3 on the surface of the flaked aluminum. The forging helps to refine the grain size of aluminum. The flow of aluminum matrix is helpful to the uniform distribution of the B 4 C particles. Shear deformation can refine grain size and also can break the Al 2 O 3 layer, with the increment of strength, hardness, and relative density. After shear deformation, the ultimate tensile strength of the B 4 Cp/Al composite is 157.0 MPa.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Pure (CP2) and alloyed titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) have an important place in biomedical and aerospace applications due to their low density and high strength properties. In this study, the effect of the formability of CP2 and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at different temperatures on mechanical properties and microstructure was investigated. The hot forming process was carried out by pressing 1 mm sheet titanium plates at different temperatures on the U profile mold. Specimens along the rolling direction and perpendicular to the rolling direction were taken from the bottom the formed U-plates. Afterward, tensile tests, microhardness measurements, and changes in microstructure were examined, respectively. As a result, at high temperatures and in different rolling directions, significant changes in microstructure and mechanical properties were observed. It was determined that the best forming temperature of CP2 and Ti-6Al-4V materials along the rolling direction was 500 °C, white it is 400° for perpendicular to the rolling direction was 400 °C.
{"title":"Effect of temperature and rolling direction on the formability of CP2 and Ti-6Al-4V titanium materials","authors":"Şaban Gökmen, Rukiye Ertan, Hande Güler Özgül","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0117","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pure (CP2) and alloyed titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) have an important place in biomedical and aerospace applications due to their low density and high strength properties. In this study, the effect of the formability of CP2 and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at different temperatures on mechanical properties and microstructure was investigated. The hot forming process was carried out by pressing 1 mm sheet titanium plates at different temperatures on the U profile mold. Specimens along the rolling direction and perpendicular to the rolling direction were taken from the bottom the formed U-plates. Afterward, tensile tests, microhardness measurements, and changes in microstructure were examined, respectively. As a result, at high temperatures and in different rolling directions, significant changes in microstructure and mechanical properties were observed. It was determined that the best forming temperature of CP2 and Ti-6Al-4V materials along the rolling direction was 500 °C, white it is 400° for perpendicular to the rolling direction was 400 °C.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cigdem Mercan, Asli Gunay Bulutsuz, Ahmet Bulent Katiboglu
Abstract Today, a variety of implant designs with different attachment types are widely used in dental implant systems to eliminate connection problems. However, there are still design issues that can significantly affect the long-term success of dental implants. One of these problems is the formation of a microgap in the abutment–implant interface, which can lead to abutment screw loosening, screw fracture, and abutment fracture under masticatory loading. In this in vitro study, the effects of gingival height, dental implant diameter, and abutment type (solid, digital, and ball) on microgap formation were observed after repetitive fatigue tests using an experimental design. After the tests, the optimal design factors were determined to minimize microgap formation. According to the results of the experimental design, the abutment type was found to be the most influential parameter on microgap formation. An implant diameter of 4.1 mm, the smallest gingival height of 0.5 mm, and a digital attachment combination were identified as the optimal design parameters based on the statistical approach ( R 2 = 85.3 %).
{"title":"Systemic observation and measurement of microgap formation in dental implant–abutment connection interface under fatigue","authors":"Cigdem Mercan, Asli Gunay Bulutsuz, Ahmet Bulent Katiboglu","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Today, a variety of implant designs with different attachment types are widely used in dental implant systems to eliminate connection problems. However, there are still design issues that can significantly affect the long-term success of dental implants. One of these problems is the formation of a microgap in the abutment–implant interface, which can lead to abutment screw loosening, screw fracture, and abutment fracture under masticatory loading. In this in vitro study, the effects of gingival height, dental implant diameter, and abutment type (solid, digital, and ball) on microgap formation were observed after repetitive fatigue tests using an experimental design. After the tests, the optimal design factors were determined to minimize microgap formation. According to the results of the experimental design, the abutment type was found to be the most influential parameter on microgap formation. An implant diameter of 4.1 mm, the smallest gingival height of 0.5 mm, and a digital attachment combination were identified as the optimal design parameters based on the statistical approach ( R 2 = 85.3 %).","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135740581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pranav Mehta, Betül Sultan Yildiz, Sadiq M. Sait, Ali Riza Yildiz
Abstract In this article, a recently developed physics-based Fick’s law optimization algorithm is utilized to solve engineering optimization challenges. The performance of the algorithm is further improved by incorporating quasi-oppositional–based techniques at the programming level. The modified algorithm was applied to optimize the rolling element bearing system, robot gripper, planetary gear system, and hydrostatic thrust bearing, along with shape optimization of the vehicle bracket system. Accordingly, the algorithm realizes promising statistical results compared to the rest of the well-known algorithms. Furthermore, the required number of iterations was comparatively less required to attain the global optimum solution. Moreover, deviations in the results were the least even when other optimizers provided better or more competitive results. This being said that this optimization algorithm can be adopted for a critical and wide range of industrial and real-world challenges optimization.
{"title":"A novel hybrid Fick’s law algorithm-quasi oppositional–based learning algorithm for solving constrained mechanical design problems","authors":"Pranav Mehta, Betül Sultan Yildiz, Sadiq M. Sait, Ali Riza Yildiz","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0235","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, a recently developed physics-based Fick’s law optimization algorithm is utilized to solve engineering optimization challenges. The performance of the algorithm is further improved by incorporating quasi-oppositional–based techniques at the programming level. The modified algorithm was applied to optimize the rolling element bearing system, robot gripper, planetary gear system, and hydrostatic thrust bearing, along with shape optimization of the vehicle bracket system. Accordingly, the algorithm realizes promising statistical results compared to the rest of the well-known algorithms. Furthermore, the required number of iterations was comparatively less required to attain the global optimum solution. Moreover, deviations in the results were the least even when other optimizers provided better or more competitive results. This being said that this optimization algorithm can be adopted for a critical and wide range of industrial and real-world challenges optimization.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134989471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigates the influence of infill patterns and densities on crack propagation behavior in additive manufactured parts. Through three-point bending tests, force–displacement data were obtained for specimens with different infill patterns, densities, and crack sizes. The results demonstrate that infill density significantly affects the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of the parts. Higher infill densities result in increased strength but reduced tolerance for deformation, leading to a more abrupt failure mode. The findings highlight the importance of carefully selecting the infill pattern and density to optimize the mechanical performance of 3D-printed parts. Understanding these relationships is crucial for designing robust and reliable structures for various applications in additive manufacturing.
{"title":"Effects of infill patterns and densities on crack propagation behavior in additive manufactured parts: a comparative study","authors":"Volkan Arikan","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0192","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the influence of infill patterns and densities on crack propagation behavior in additive manufactured parts. Through three-point bending tests, force–displacement data were obtained for specimens with different infill patterns, densities, and crack sizes. The results demonstrate that infill density significantly affects the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of the parts. Higher infill densities result in increased strength but reduced tolerance for deformation, leading to a more abrupt failure mode. The findings highlight the importance of carefully selecting the infill pattern and density to optimize the mechanical performance of 3D-printed parts. Understanding these relationships is crucial for designing robust and reliable structures for various applications in additive manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nils Becker, Carsten Ulrich, Chris Körner, Berthold Schlecht
Abstract Since mechanical properties of parts in mechanical engineering are influenced in many ways by their surface structure, detailed knowledge of the surface structure is essential for predicting and describing these properties. Tactile and optical measurement methods are well established but cannot always reach every area of a part due to geometric constraints. To enable measurements in these areas, a method utilizing impressions and a laser scanning microscope is proposed. It is easy to use and able to correctly reproduce surface structures of technical surfaces, which is proven by a comparison of original parts and impressions of three surface areas on an example specimen. Two application examples from the domain of fatigue strength tests are shown. The surface structure is measured directly in the notch radius of shaft shoulders and inside hollow shafts made in different manufacturing processes. Utilizing modern optical measurement instruments, the proposed method enables accurate measurements of surface structure in previously inaccessible areas.
{"title":"A novel method for measurements of surface topography in previously inaccessible areas","authors":"Nils Becker, Carsten Ulrich, Chris Körner, Berthold Schlecht","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0269","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since mechanical properties of parts in mechanical engineering are influenced in many ways by their surface structure, detailed knowledge of the surface structure is essential for predicting and describing these properties. Tactile and optical measurement methods are well established but cannot always reach every area of a part due to geometric constraints. To enable measurements in these areas, a method utilizing impressions and a laser scanning microscope is proposed. It is easy to use and able to correctly reproduce surface structures of technical surfaces, which is proven by a comparison of original parts and impressions of three surface areas on an example specimen. Two application examples from the domain of fatigue strength tests are shown. The surface structure is measured directly in the notch radius of shaft shoulders and inside hollow shafts made in different manufacturing processes. Utilizing modern optical measurement instruments, the proposed method enables accurate measurements of surface structure in previously inaccessible areas.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134990994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Abdulhasan Zarkooshi, Murat Kaleli, Nina Tuncel, Iskender Akkurt
Abstract The chemical and physical characterization of glass beads in different sizes with diameters 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm, respectively, have been studied in this paper. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis exhibited that the structure of glass bead is amorphous, and the diffraction peaks for annealing sample 400 °C and 600 °C, respectively, are seen at 2 θ values ranged (26.165°–29.47°). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition measurement by Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) system have been conducted; they exhibited that all the samples have the same smooth surface, and the chemical composition analysis showed that the weight percentage of oxygen and silicon were dominant elements in the main structure of glass beads as well as some other elements like Ca, Mg, and Na were observed.
{"title":"Physical and chemical properties of beads glasses","authors":"Ahmad Abdulhasan Zarkooshi, Murat Kaleli, Nina Tuncel, Iskender Akkurt","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The chemical and physical characterization of glass beads in different sizes with diameters 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm, respectively, have been studied in this paper. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis exhibited that the structure of glass bead is amorphous, and the diffraction peaks for annealing sample 400 °C and 600 °C, respectively, are seen at 2 θ values ranged (26.165°–29.47°). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition measurement by Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) system have been conducted; they exhibited that all the samples have the same smooth surface, and the chemical composition analysis showed that the weight percentage of oxygen and silicon were dominant elements in the main structure of glass beads as well as some other elements like Ca, Mg, and Na were observed.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135825598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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