Abstract In this study, Al 6061 T6 alloy was joined by friction stir welding method with the same parameters using with different profiled pins. As a result of the experiments carried out, the samples were subjected to metallographic examination, hardness measurements, tensile test and bending test. As a result of the examinations carried out, changes in welding performances were determined with the change of pin profiles. As a result of these changes, it was determined that the pin profile suitable for the applied welding parameters was pyramid. It has been concluded that in the use of triangular profile pins, the welding parameters in question should be higher, and the most important reason for this is that the stir zone is larger.
{"title":"Effects of different profiled pins used in friction stir welding of Al 6061 T6","authors":"Emine Gündoğdu İş, Kadir Koçak, Zeynep Sueda Basar, Yağızer Yavuz, P. Topuz","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, Al 6061 T6 alloy was joined by friction stir welding method with the same parameters using with different profiled pins. As a result of the experiments carried out, the samples were subjected to metallographic examination, hardness measurements, tensile test and bending test. As a result of the examinations carried out, changes in welding performances were determined with the change of pin profiles. As a result of these changes, it was determined that the pin profile suitable for the applied welding parameters was pyramid. It has been concluded that in the use of triangular profile pins, the welding parameters in question should be higher, and the most important reason for this is that the stir zone is larger.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80836669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehmet Eskibağlar, Serkan Erdem, M. O. Kaman, M. Ocak
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two endodontic rotary files with different off-center geometries in bending and torsional tests using finite element analysis (FEA). Trunatomy Prime (TRN-P) and WaveOne Gold Primary (WOG-P) files were used in the study. Geometric models for finite element analysis were obtained by micro-computed tomography scanning. FEA analyses were performed according to ISO 3630-1 specifications to evaluate the bending and torsional tests of the files. Trunatomy Prime showed higher flexibility than WOG-P when subjected to bending. In terms of torsional strength, WOG-P showed higher torsional strength than TRN-P. The geometry of a rotary instrument file influences the mechanical behavior (bending and torsion) of rotary files. The clinician should be aware of the behavioral differences in rotary files and use the appropriate file according to the clinical situation in addition to the manufacturer’s instructions.
摘要本研究的目的是利用有限元分析(FEA)来评估两种不同偏离中心几何形状的根管旋转锉在弯曲和扭转试验中的性能。研究中使用了Trunatomy Prime (TRN-P)和WaveOne Gold Primary (WOG-P)文件。通过微计算机断层扫描获得有限元分析的几何模型。根据ISO 3630-1规范进行有限元分析，以评估文件的弯曲和扭转测试。当受到弯曲时，Trunatomy Prime表现出比WOG-P更高的柔韧性。扭转强度方面，WOG-P的扭转强度高于TRN-P。旋转仪器锉的几何形状影响旋转锉的力学性能(弯曲和扭转)。临床医生应了解旋转锉的行为差异，除了制造商的说明外，还应根据临床情况使用合适的锉。
{"title":"Finite element analysis of bending and torsional loading of two different endodontic rotary files with different off-center geometric sections","authors":"Mehmet Eskibağlar, Serkan Erdem, M. O. Kaman, M. Ocak","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two endodontic rotary files with different off-center geometries in bending and torsional tests using finite element analysis (FEA). Trunatomy Prime (TRN-P) and WaveOne Gold Primary (WOG-P) files were used in the study. Geometric models for finite element analysis were obtained by micro-computed tomography scanning. FEA analyses were performed according to ISO 3630-1 specifications to evaluate the bending and torsional tests of the files. Trunatomy Prime showed higher flexibility than WOG-P when subjected to bending. In terms of torsional strength, WOG-P showed higher torsional strength than TRN-P. The geometry of a rotary instrument file influences the mechanical behavior (bending and torsion) of rotary files. The clinician should be aware of the behavioral differences in rotary files and use the appropriate file according to the clinical situation in addition to the manufacturer’s instructions.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74353418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ş. Atapek, Cüneyt Koray Gencay, T. Yener, F. Kahriman, G. Çelik
Abstract In this study, Inconel 625 alloy was initially aluminide coated by halide-activated pack cementation at 700 °C for 4 h using fine (40–45 µm) globular and coarse (10–75 µm) ligament aluminum particles. Microstructural features and hardness variation of the coatings along with their oxidation behavior at 1000 °C during 50 h were investigated to reveal the effect of pack characteristics on the properties. Investigations revealed that (i) a homogeneous and continuous coating layer was formed on the surface without internal oxidation, (ii) a thicker coating (∼60 µm) was formed due to the pack consisting of coarse particles, (iii) a higher hardness value (1369 HV0.5) was measured for the coated alloy using fine particles in the pack, and (iv) the coating with coarse powder exhibited higher oxidation resistance during the first 50 h of oxidation test period. Secondly, superalloy was coated at different temperatures (700 and 1000 °C) and times (2 and 4 h) using coarse particles. In this stage, the findings showed that by increasing process temperature and time, the accumulation of aluminum on the superalloy surface increased and the oxidation tendency remained at a lower level in coatings containing thicker layers.
{"title":"Effect of pack characteristics and process parameters on the properties of aluminide-coated Inconel 625 alloy","authors":"Ş. Atapek, Cüneyt Koray Gencay, T. Yener, F. Kahriman, G. Çelik","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, Inconel 625 alloy was initially aluminide coated by halide-activated pack cementation at 700 °C for 4 h using fine (40–45 µm) globular and coarse (10–75 µm) ligament aluminum particles. Microstructural features and hardness variation of the coatings along with their oxidation behavior at 1000 °C during 50 h were investigated to reveal the effect of pack characteristics on the properties. Investigations revealed that (i) a homogeneous and continuous coating layer was formed on the surface without internal oxidation, (ii) a thicker coating (∼60 µm) was formed due to the pack consisting of coarse particles, (iii) a higher hardness value (1369 HV0.5) was measured for the coated alloy using fine particles in the pack, and (iv) the coating with coarse powder exhibited higher oxidation resistance during the first 50 h of oxidation test period. Secondly, superalloy was coated at different temperatures (700 and 1000 °C) and times (2 and 4 h) using coarse particles. In this stage, the findings showed that by increasing process temperature and time, the accumulation of aluminum on the superalloy surface increased and the oxidation tendency remained at a lower level in coatings containing thicker layers.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87605891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seerangan Ragu Nathan, V. Balasubramanian, A. Gourav Rao, Tushar Sonar, M. Ivanov, C. Rajendran
Abstract The main aim of this study is to analyse the influence of tool plunging rate on tool wear and stir zone characteristics of DMR249A high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel joints developed using friction stir welding (FSW). The HSLA steel plates were welded at five levels of tool plunging rates varying from 2.0 mm min−1 to 3.0 mm min−1. The tool rotational speed of 600 rpm and welding speed of 30 mm min−1 were kept constant during welding. The wear of FSW tool was analysed by microscopic observations of tool condition after welding, stir zone characteristics, weight loss measurement and pin profile analysis. The characterization techniques of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to analyse the microstructural characteristics of stir zone of welded joints. Results disclosed that the severe degradation of FSW tool occurred due to the sudden dynamic impact load on tool pin while plunging and more diffusion of work piece material into the tool pin which leads to insufficient plasticized material flow. The tool plunging rate of 2.5 mm min−1 showed minimum tool wear and produced defect free sound joint.
摘要本研究的主要目的是分析刀具下陷速率对采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)开发的DMR249A高强度低合金(HSLA)钢接头刀具磨损和搅拌区特性的影响。在2.0 mm min−1到3.0 mm min−1的5个水平下焊接HSLA钢板。焊接过程中，保持刀具转速600 rpm和焊接速度30 mm min−1不变。通过焊接后刀具状态的微观观察、搅拌区特征、失重测量和销形分析，对FSW刀具的磨损进行了分析。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)表征技术对焊接接头搅拌区的组织特征进行了分析。结果表明:由于刀销在突降过程中受到突然的动冲击载荷，工件材料向刀销扩散加剧，导致塑化料流不足，导致了FSW刀具的严重退化;刀具下陷速度为2.5 mm min−1时，刀具磨损最小，接头无缺陷。
{"title":"Influence of tool plunging rate on mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welded DMR249A high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel butt joints","authors":"Seerangan Ragu Nathan, V. Balasubramanian, A. Gourav Rao, Tushar Sonar, M. Ivanov, C. Rajendran","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main aim of this study is to analyse the influence of tool plunging rate on tool wear and stir zone characteristics of DMR249A high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel joints developed using friction stir welding (FSW). The HSLA steel plates were welded at five levels of tool plunging rates varying from 2.0 mm min−1 to 3.0 mm min−1. The tool rotational speed of 600 rpm and welding speed of 30 mm min−1 were kept constant during welding. The wear of FSW tool was analysed by microscopic observations of tool condition after welding, stir zone characteristics, weight loss measurement and pin profile analysis. The characterization techniques of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to analyse the microstructural characteristics of stir zone of welded joints. Results disclosed that the severe degradation of FSW tool occurred due to the sudden dynamic impact load on tool pin while plunging and more diffusion of work piece material into the tool pin which leads to insufficient plasticized material flow. The tool plunging rate of 2.5 mm min−1 showed minimum tool wear and produced defect free sound joint.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81281762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Zhang, W. Ren, Zhe Zheng, Jian Liu, Xiu-qin Liu
Abstract Arc erosion studies are carried out on electrical contact materials in the switching current experiment. A test rig is developed to capture the 2-D image and the 3-D profile of eroded silver tin oxide electrical contact material in situ. Image processing algorithms are specially presented to accurately recognize the features of erosion region. The initial small patch of erosion traces gradually evolves into the deep crater with the increment of switching cycle enabling a study of the arc erosion behavior. 2-D image, 3-D profile, and micro surface morphologies of the eroded contacts are analyzed and then related to the extent of erosion. The results show that the evolution process of central erosion region could be divided into the enlargement in breadth of contact surface and the extension in depth of contact profile. The end result of arc erosion is the net loss of contact material, which would lead to the substantial reduction of contact force and potential electrical contact instability.
{"title":"In situ observation and understanding of the arc erosion behavior of electrical contact materials","authors":"Chao Zhang, W. Ren, Zhe Zheng, Jian Liu, Xiu-qin Liu","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Arc erosion studies are carried out on electrical contact materials in the switching current experiment. A test rig is developed to capture the 2-D image and the 3-D profile of eroded silver tin oxide electrical contact material in situ. Image processing algorithms are specially presented to accurately recognize the features of erosion region. The initial small patch of erosion traces gradually evolves into the deep crater with the increment of switching cycle enabling a study of the arc erosion behavior. 2-D image, 3-D profile, and micro surface morphologies of the eroded contacts are analyzed and then related to the extent of erosion. The results show that the evolution process of central erosion region could be divided into the enlargement in breadth of contact surface and the extension in depth of contact profile. The end result of arc erosion is the net loss of contact material, which would lead to the substantial reduction of contact force and potential electrical contact instability.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90564720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gürkan Kaya, U. Köklü, T. O. Ergüder, Furkan Cengiz, F. Yıldız
Abstract Due to the philosophy of the process, the surface roughness is usually high for the parts produced with laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM). Parts produced by this method need surface quality improvement processes for many applications. One of the methods used for this purpose is high speed machining (HSM). HSM is a modern manufacturing technique that offers several benefits, including improved productivity, enhanced product quality, and reduced production costs. In addition, HSM can improve the quality of finished products by reducing machining errors. In this study, samples produced with 316L powder in size of 10 × 10 × 5 mm using three different hatch spacings (60, 70, 80 µm) and building orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) were produced by L-PBF method, and HSM process was applied to these samples. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of porosity, microstructure and microhardness properties of 316L samples produced by L-PBF method using different hatch spacings and build orientations on cutting forces, surface roughness and burr formation in HSM. When the numerical values of the cutting forces were analyzed in both x and y directions, it was observed that the greatest cutting force occurred in the x direction. While the Fx force ranged from 6.23 to 9.35 N, the Fy force ranged from 4.88 to 8.27 N. It has been determined that as the build orientation increases at the same hatch spacing value, the cutting forces increase due to the increased porosity ratio.
{"title":"Effects of build orientation and hatch spacing on high-speed milling behavior of L-PBF 316L stainless steel","authors":"Gürkan Kaya, U. Köklü, T. O. Ergüder, Furkan Cengiz, F. Yıldız","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to the philosophy of the process, the surface roughness is usually high for the parts produced with laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM). Parts produced by this method need surface quality improvement processes for many applications. One of the methods used for this purpose is high speed machining (HSM). HSM is a modern manufacturing technique that offers several benefits, including improved productivity, enhanced product quality, and reduced production costs. In addition, HSM can improve the quality of finished products by reducing machining errors. In this study, samples produced with 316L powder in size of 10 × 10 × 5 mm using three different hatch spacings (60, 70, 80 µm) and building orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) were produced by L-PBF method, and HSM process was applied to these samples. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of porosity, microstructure and microhardness properties of 316L samples produced by L-PBF method using different hatch spacings and build orientations on cutting forces, surface roughness and burr formation in HSM. When the numerical values of the cutting forces were analyzed in both x and y directions, it was observed that the greatest cutting force occurred in the x direction. While the Fx force ranged from 6.23 to 9.35 N, the Fy force ranged from 4.88 to 8.27 N. It has been determined that as the build orientation increases at the same hatch spacing value, the cutting forces increase due to the increased porosity ratio.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77325161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The transient evolution of oxide was studied after directly adding Ti3O5 powder into HRB400 steel. This experiment was carried out in magnesia crucible with vacuum induction furnace and the intermediate samples were taken at 1, 5, 10, and 15 min after Ti3O5 addition. At 20th min, the furnace was powered off to get furnace-cooled cast sample. For intermediate samples, it is found that with increasing treatment time, the titanium content increased though the acid–soluble aluminum content remained stable. Besides, the Ti-bearing oxides were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, statistical analysis indicated that for Ti-bearing oxide, both number density and titanium content after further normalization increased with increasing processing time. For cast sample, the characteristic of Ti-bearing oxide at different heights are similar. These results confirmed the adding valid of Ti3O5, which may be due to its decomposition. Finally, after heat treatment, these introduced Ti-bearing oxides can induce the intragranular ferrite nucleation. This indicates the effectiveness of external adding method in oxide metallurgy.
{"title":"Effect of Ti3O5 addition on oxide evolution for HRB400","authors":"Hui Li, Xiang Cheng, Yuhui Zhao, H. Kong","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0141","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The transient evolution of oxide was studied after directly adding Ti3O5 powder into HRB400 steel. This experiment was carried out in magnesia crucible with vacuum induction furnace and the intermediate samples were taken at 1, 5, 10, and 15 min after Ti3O5 addition. At 20th min, the furnace was powered off to get furnace-cooled cast sample. For intermediate samples, it is found that with increasing treatment time, the titanium content increased though the acid–soluble aluminum content remained stable. Besides, the Ti-bearing oxides were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, statistical analysis indicated that for Ti-bearing oxide, both number density and titanium content after further normalization increased with increasing processing time. For cast sample, the characteristic of Ti-bearing oxide at different heights are similar. These results confirmed the adding valid of Ti3O5, which may be due to its decomposition. Finally, after heat treatment, these introduced Ti-bearing oxides can induce the intragranular ferrite nucleation. This indicates the effectiveness of external adding method in oxide metallurgy.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85107372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ozsoy, T. Akşen, S. Ekşi, Neslihan Ozsoy, M. Firat
Abstract Notched structures in machine parts for several reasons cause discontinuity and stress concentration. It is essential to optimize these stress concentrations in notched parts. This study determined the best notch shape by creating different notch shapes by keeping two key points fixed on the spline curve in the notched region. This paper involves optimizing the shape of a fillet in a notched tension bar. An optimal shape was aimed to minimize the notch factor without causing yield anywhere in the bar by parametrically controlling the spline of the fillet via ANSYS parametric design language code. Optimal shapes of B-spline curves were obtained for round bars subject to axial tension loadings. Changing the code can also be used for bending or combined loading conditions other than tensile loading.
{"title":"Round bar notch shape optimization for tensile stress concentration testing","authors":"M. Ozsoy, T. Akşen, S. Ekşi, Neslihan Ozsoy, M. Firat","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Notched structures in machine parts for several reasons cause discontinuity and stress concentration. It is essential to optimize these stress concentrations in notched parts. This study determined the best notch shape by creating different notch shapes by keeping two key points fixed on the spline curve in the notched region. This paper involves optimizing the shape of a fillet in a notched tension bar. An optimal shape was aimed to minimize the notch factor without causing yield anywhere in the bar by parametrically controlling the spline of the fillet via ANSYS parametric design language code. Optimal shapes of B-spline curves were obtained for round bars subject to axial tension loadings. Changing the code can also be used for bending or combined loading conditions other than tensile loading.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88273456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Machining is one of the most precise manufacturing methods used in the manufacturing of machine parts. In machining, significant tool wear is observed due to cutting tool-to-workpiece contact. Controlling tool wear and minimizing the effect of tool wear in this method is an important research topic. In this study, machinability tests were carried out on AISI 4462 duplex stainless steel materials, which are in the hard-to-cut material class. In the experiments, the changes in tool life and surface roughness were analyzed by using 150, 180, and 210 m/min cutting speeds; 0.1 mm feed; and 0.8 mm depth of cut. Increasing cutting speed significantly increased wear and reduced tool life. However, experiments with cutting speeds of 180 m/min and 210 m/min had the same tool life values. In addition, significant notch wear and BUE formation were observed on the tool surface. Besides, it was determined that the surface roughness deteriorated due to tool wear. In addition, surface deterioration due to chip wrapping was also observed in many passes.
{"title":"Analysis of tool wear and surface roughness in machining of AISI 4462 duplex stainless steel","authors":"Fikret Sönmez","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Machining is one of the most precise manufacturing methods used in the manufacturing of machine parts. In machining, significant tool wear is observed due to cutting tool-to-workpiece contact. Controlling tool wear and minimizing the effect of tool wear in this method is an important research topic. In this study, machinability tests were carried out on AISI 4462 duplex stainless steel materials, which are in the hard-to-cut material class. In the experiments, the changes in tool life and surface roughness were analyzed by using 150, 180, and 210 m/min cutting speeds; 0.1 mm feed; and 0.8 mm depth of cut. Increasing cutting speed significantly increased wear and reduced tool life. However, experiments with cutting speeds of 180 m/min and 210 m/min had the same tool life values. In addition, significant notch wear and BUE formation were observed on the tool surface. Besides, it was determined that the surface roughness deteriorated due to tool wear. In addition, surface deterioration due to chip wrapping was also observed in many passes.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90668814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Friction stir spot welding (FSSW), which is one of the joining methods, is an interesting solid state joining process. In this experimental study, the joining of AA7075, which is the one of the Al-based alloys, with the FSSW method was conducted. Firstly, the microstructural inspections were performed by helping an optical microscope. Second, a numerical simulation study was performed using SolidWorks and ANSYS software. Therefore, these data were evaluated with modeling for understanding the events in zone of FSSW center. Thus, it could be contributed to understand the complex thermo-mechanical joining process period. The present simulation primarily aims to explain the effect of a set of process such as parameters and tool geometry on the workpiece couples. Johnson–Cook damage criteria model was selected to obtain the stress distribution on the workpiece couples consisting of AA7075. The model also showed that temperature and stress did not exhibit much appreciable change on flow with the change of the tip profile. As a result, it was found that tool rotation speed and tool plunge depth are highly effective on both microstructure and numerical modeling properties, apart from the tool geometry, which is one of the welding parameters.
{"title":"Microstructural and numerical variation of friction spot welded AA7075 couples","authors":"F. Sarsılmaz, Büşra Gürocak Çelik","doi":"10.1515/mt-2023-0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0142","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Friction stir spot welding (FSSW), which is one of the joining methods, is an interesting solid state joining process. In this experimental study, the joining of AA7075, which is the one of the Al-based alloys, with the FSSW method was conducted. Firstly, the microstructural inspections were performed by helping an optical microscope. Second, a numerical simulation study was performed using SolidWorks and ANSYS software. Therefore, these data were evaluated with modeling for understanding the events in zone of FSSW center. Thus, it could be contributed to understand the complex thermo-mechanical joining process period. The present simulation primarily aims to explain the effect of a set of process such as parameters and tool geometry on the workpiece couples. Johnson–Cook damage criteria model was selected to obtain the stress distribution on the workpiece couples consisting of AA7075. The model also showed that temperature and stress did not exhibit much appreciable change on flow with the change of the tip profile. As a result, it was found that tool rotation speed and tool plunge depth are highly effective on both microstructure and numerical modeling properties, apart from the tool geometry, which is one of the welding parameters.","PeriodicalId":18231,"journal":{"name":"Materials Testing","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78228639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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