Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100240
Y.Y. Ge, Q.L. Cui
The effects of minor surface-active alloy elements Sb and Sn on hot-stamped steel grain boundary oxidation at different coiling temperatures were studied through tube sealing and soaking. The experimental results show that with the increase of coiling temperature, the grain boundary oxidation of experimental steel gradually deepens. Minor surface-active elements such as Sb and Sn in the steel can restrain the grain boundary oxidation of hot-stamped steel during hot-rolled coiling since these elements will diffuse to the grain boundary and occupy the path of oxygen diffusion inward. Furthermore, the effect of Sn on restraining the grain boundary oxidation is more obvious than that of Sb and the reason is also analyzed.
{"title":"Effect of the surface-active elements on grain boundary oxidation of hot-stamped steel","authors":"Y.Y. Ge, Q.L. Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of minor surface-active alloy elements Sb and Sn on hot-stamped steel grain boundary oxidation at different coiling temperatures were studied through tube sealing and soaking. The experimental results show that with the increase of coiling temperature, the grain boundary oxidation of experimental steel gradually deepens. Minor surface-active elements such as Sb and Sn in the steel can restrain the grain boundary oxidation of hot-stamped steel during hot-rolled coiling since these elements will diffuse to the grain boundary and occupy the path of oxygen diffusion inward. Furthermore, the effect of Sn on restraining the grain boundary oxidation is more obvious than that of Sb and the reason is also analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100239
Wanxin Liu , Shengjie Wang , Xiaoxin Zhang , Yanchang Liu , Bin Liang , Shilei Li
The effects of Y addition on microstructure and mechanical property of Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy were investigated. Electron backscattered diffraction results show that no recrystallization was observed in the warm-rolled and annealed Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloys with different Y additions. In the cold-rolled and annealed Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy with 0.1 % Y addition, Y2O3 was continuously distributed along the grain boundaries of the Nb matrix that had undergone complete recrystallization. While as the Y addition increased to 0.4 %, Y2O3 restored a granular distribution in the cold-rolled and annealed Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy. The addition of Y element to the Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy could enhance both the strength and plasticity to a certain extent. Compared with the as-cast and warm-rolled and annealed samples, the Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy with different Y additions after cold-rolling and annealing exhibited a higher work hardening rate.
{"title":"Effects of yttrium addition on microstructure and mechanical property of Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy","authors":"Wanxin Liu , Shengjie Wang , Xiaoxin Zhang , Yanchang Liu , Bin Liang , Shilei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of Y addition on microstructure and mechanical property of Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy were investigated. Electron backscattered diffraction results show that no recrystallization was observed in the warm-rolled and annealed Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloys with different Y additions. In the cold-rolled and annealed Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy with 0.1 % Y addition, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was continuously distributed along the grain boundaries of the Nb matrix that had undergone complete recrystallization. While as the Y addition increased to 0.4 %, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> restored a granular distribution in the cold-rolled and annealed Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy. The addition of Y element to the Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy could enhance both the strength and plasticity to a certain extent. Compared with the as-cast and warm-rolled and annealed samples, the Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy with different Y additions after cold-rolling and annealing exhibited a higher work hardening rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100238
Qingyang Liu, Sumia Manzoor, Yan Yan, Mohammad Tariq, Hanan Farhat, Afrooz Barnoush
This present study investigates the measurement of the hydrogen concentration and gradient on the surface of hydrogen charged samples using Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES). Hydrogen measurement from GDOES suffers from atmospheric contaminations at the beginning of each measurement and hydrogen desorption on the surface also reduces the credibility of measurement. Another shortcoming is there is no calibration sample for GDOES with a known amount of hydrogen. We addressed these challenges by coating the sample with a reproducible and reliable Ni layer right after hydrogen charging. Results demonstrate a strong correlation between hydrogen intensity measured by GDOES on the deposited Ni layer and hydrogen amounts measured by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) analysis. This correlation is a groundbreaking step toward developing calibration samples for hydrogen measurement. In this work, the hydrogen measurement validation of GDOES using TDS by examining hydrogen on hydrogen charged samples is presented.
{"title":"Quantitative method developing hydrogen standard sample for GDOES","authors":"Qingyang Liu, Sumia Manzoor, Yan Yan, Mohammad Tariq, Hanan Farhat, Afrooz Barnoush","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2025.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This present study investigates the measurement of the hydrogen concentration and gradient on the surface of hydrogen charged samples using Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES). Hydrogen measurement from GDOES suffers from atmospheric contaminations at the beginning of each measurement and hydrogen desorption on the surface also reduces the credibility of measurement. Another shortcoming is there is no calibration sample for GDOES with a known amount of hydrogen. We addressed these challenges by coating the sample with a reproducible and reliable Ni layer right after hydrogen charging. Results demonstrate a strong correlation between hydrogen intensity measured by GDOES on the deposited Ni layer and hydrogen amounts measured by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) analysis. This correlation is a groundbreaking step toward developing calibration samples for hydrogen measurement. In this work, the hydrogen measurement validation of GDOES using TDS by examining hydrogen on hydrogen charged samples is presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the luminescence characteristics of KCaF3:xDy3+ phosphors are examined. A solid-state method was used to synthesize the phosphors. KCaF3:xDy3+ phosphors with orthorhombic structure were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the synthesized phosphors show agglomerated particles with irregular shapes. The composition of the synthesized sample was determined by the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectra, and the spectra showed the presence of all elements in the grown phosphors. Photoluminescence (PL) studies revealed peaks at 486 and 578 nm, corresponding to blue and yellow emissions. The Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) diagram illustrates that Dy3+-doped KCaF3 phosphors are clustered in the blue color region.
{"title":"Blue emission stimulated by Dy3+ transitions in KCaF3: A fluoride-based phosphor","authors":"Vanthini Nelson Adoons , Thandeka Molefe , Nkosinathi Sangweni , Delicacy NtshaliNtshali , Sipho Nyawo","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the luminescence characteristics of KCaF<sub>3</sub>:xDy<sup>3+</sup> phosphors are examined. A solid-state method was used to synthesize the phosphors. KCaF<sub>3</sub>:xDy<sup>3+</sup> phosphors with orthorhombic structure were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the synthesized phosphors show agglomerated particles with irregular shapes. The composition of the synthesized sample was determined by the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectra, and the spectra showed the presence of all elements in the grown phosphors. Photoluminescence (PL) studies revealed peaks at 486 and 578 nm, corresponding to blue and yellow emissions. The Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) diagram illustrates that Dy3<sup>+</sup>-doped KCaF<sub>3</sub> phosphors are clustered in the blue color region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100236
Q.Q. Feng, F.L. Zhu
Thermochromic VO2 nanoparticles have been dispersed into PVDF film by a scraping-coating technique. The structure and optical-thermal properties of the prepared composite film were investigated by XRD, SEM, UV–Vis–NIR and FTIR spectroscopy. Results showed that the solar reflectance and IR transmittance of the VO2/PVDF composite film can be controlled by adjusting the amount of VO2. To an extent, these composite films demonstrated a tunable solar diffuse reflectance and IR switching capability through phase transition. On the other hand, the thermal stability of the composite films doped with VO2 nanoparticles was not prominently changed, but the char residue increased significantly with the increase of the VO2 quality.
{"title":"Preparation of VO2/PVDF composite film and its modulating optical performance","authors":"Q.Q. Feng, F.L. Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermochromic VO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles have been dispersed into PVDF film by a scraping-coating technique. The structure and optical-thermal properties of the prepared composite film were investigated by XRD, SEM, UV–Vis–NIR and FTIR spectroscopy. Results showed that the solar reflectance and IR transmittance of the VO<sub>2</sub>/PVDF composite film can be controlled by adjusting the amount of VO<sub>2</sub>. To an extent, these composite films demonstrated a tunable solar diffuse reflectance and IR switching capability through phase transition. On the other hand, the thermal stability of the composite films doped with VO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles was not prominently changed, but the char residue increased significantly with the increase of the VO<sub>2</sub> quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100235
Yangyang Wang , Xiegeng Wang , Long Li , Liwen Zhang
In this study, five hydrochlorides are used as additives to slow the crystallization rate between SnI2 and AI (A+=MA+, FA+, Cs+) to prepare high-quality perovskite films. This study on film morphology, crystallization and non-radiative recombination demonstrates the effects of organic amine cations with different chain lengths on the quality of thin films. A flexible solar cell device with a lead-free perovskite film doped with PACl is also obtained achieving an efficiency of 5.52 %.
{"title":"Slowing the crystallization speed to prepare high-efficiency flexible tin-based perovskite solar cells","authors":"Yangyang Wang , Xiegeng Wang , Long Li , Liwen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, five hydrochlorides are used as additives to slow the crystallization rate between SnI<sub>2</sub> and AI (A<sup>+</sup>=MA<sup>+</sup>, FA<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>) to prepare high-quality perovskite films. This study on film morphology, crystallization and non-radiative recombination demonstrates the effects of organic amine cations with different chain lengths on the quality of thin films. A flexible solar cell device with a lead-free perovskite film doped with PACl is also obtained achieving an efficiency of 5.52 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100234
Zhen Zhong , Xiuduan Gong , Haihong Wei , Haoran Mu , Jian Yuan
Two-dimensional (2D) layered black phosphorus (BP), with a direct band gap and high carrier mobility, has shown great potential for next generation electronics and optoelectronics. However, how to prepare a large-area 2D material film is still a big problem for realizing its practical applications. Herein, an improved one-step solution-processable method is put forward to solving this problem to get uniform and large-area BP film. Our results show that the designed electrodes can be fully covered by BP flakes and the corresponding FET reveals relatively high performance. Our study opens a new avenue in fabricating large-area ultra-thin BP films.
二维（2D）层状黑磷（BP）具有直接带隙和高载流子迁移率，在下一代电子学和光电子学领域显示出巨大的潜力。然而，如何制备大面积的二维材料薄膜仍是实现其实际应用的一大难题。为解决这一问题，本文提出了一种改进的一步溶液可加工方法，以获得均匀的大面积 BP 薄膜。我们的研究结果表明，所设计的电极可以被 BP 片完全覆盖，相应的场效应晶体管也显示出了相对较高的性能。我们的研究为制造大面积超薄 BP 薄膜开辟了一条新途径。
{"title":"Large-area solution-processable black phosphorus for electronic application","authors":"Zhen Zhong , Xiuduan Gong , Haihong Wei , Haoran Mu , Jian Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-dimensional (2D) layered black phosphorus (BP), with a direct band gap and high carrier mobility, has shown great potential for next generation electronics and optoelectronics. However, how to prepare a large-area 2D material film is still a big problem for realizing its practical applications. Herein, an improved one-step solution-processable method is put forward to solving this problem to get uniform and large-area BP film. Our results show that the designed electrodes can be fully covered by BP flakes and the corresponding FET reveals relatively high performance. Our study opens a new avenue in fabricating large-area ultra-thin BP films.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590150824000073/pdfft?md5=78e71cb48fef446bb1214bbea4446a16&pid=1-s2.0-S2590150824000073-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have developed a method for designing polymer and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) composites that show high dielectric constants over a wide range of GNP contents. GNPs are dispersed in the composites through plasma-surface modification and aligned by applying an electric field (EF). This creates a large number of microcapacitor structures of GNPs separated by the polymer. The maximum dielectric constant of the sample to which the EF is applied is approximately twice that of the sample to which the EF is not applied. Furthermore, the maximum dielectric constants of the samples with plasma-surface modified GNPs are higher than those of the samples with unmodified GNPs. The composites show high dielectric constants (∼500 at 100 Hz) over a wide range of GNP contents (6 ∼ 10 wt%) while maintaining mechanical flexibility (Young’s modulus:12 ± 4 MPa).
{"title":"Composites with aligned and plasma-surface-modified graphene nanoplatelets and high dielectric constants","authors":"Kaito Nagayama , Taku Goto , Koichi Mayumi , Rina Maeda , Tsuyohito Ito , Yoshiki Shimizu , Kohzo Ito , Yukiya Hakuta , Kazuo Terashima","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have developed a method for designing polymer and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) composites that show high dielectric constants over a wide range of GNP contents. GNPs are dispersed in the composites through plasma-surface modification and aligned by applying an electric field (EF). This creates a large number of microcapacitor structures of GNPs separated by the polymer. The maximum dielectric constant of the sample to which the EF is applied is approximately twice that of the sample to which the EF is not applied. Furthermore, the maximum dielectric constants of the samples with plasma-surface modified GNPs are higher than those of the samples with unmodified GNPs. The composites show high dielectric constants (∼500 at 100 Hz) over a wide range of GNP contents (6 ∼ 10 wt%) while maintaining mechanical flexibility (Young’s modulus:12 ± 4 MPa).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590150824000061/pdfft?md5=93dd51695a713e811dbe3c5789fe0e13&pid=1-s2.0-S2590150824000061-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140549205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100229
Bishnu Pada Majee, Priyanka Jangra, Ashish Kumar Mishra
The two-dimensional bi-layer MoS2 is less investigated as compared to monolayer and few-layer (4–6 layers) MoS2 for fundamental aspects and applications such as photodetectors, transistors, etc. In the present work, we prepare triangular-shaped bi-layer MoS2 over SiO2/Si substrate via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G). We perform density functional theory calculations and spectroscopy studies to investigate the semiconducting feature of bi-layer MoS2. We demonstrate the nanomolar concentration (10-9 M) limit for R6G detection at room temperature using pristine bi-layer MoS2 as SERS substrate. Further, we also examine the cryogenic response of the SERS detection of R6G with bi-layer MoS2 for the first time. The high detection limit of CVD-grown bi-layer MoS2 is ascribed to the charge transfer enabled via vibronic coupling between MoS2 and R6G molecules. This study paves the way for cryogenic-based SERS sensing.
{"title":"CVD grown bi-layer MoS2 as SERS substrate: Nanomolar detection of R6G and temperature response","authors":"Bishnu Pada Majee, Priyanka Jangra, Ashish Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlblux.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The two-dimensional bi-layer MoS<sub>2</sub> is less investigated as compared to monolayer and few-layer (4–6 layers) MoS<sub>2</sub> for fundamental aspects and applications such as photodetectors, transistors, etc. In the present work, we prepare triangular-shaped bi-layer MoS<sub>2</sub> over SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrate via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G). We perform density functional theory calculations and spectroscopy studies to investigate the semiconducting feature of bi-layer MoS<sub>2</sub>. We demonstrate the nanomolar concentration (10<sup>-9</sup> M) limit for R6G detection at room temperature using pristine bi-layer MoS<sub>2</sub> as SERS substrate. Further, we also examine the cryogenic response of the SERS detection of R6G with bi-layer MoS<sub>2</sub> for the first time. The high detection limit of CVD-grown bi-layer MoS<sub>2</sub> is ascribed to the charge transfer enabled via vibronic coupling between MoS<sub>2</sub> and R6G molecules. This study paves the way for cryogenic-based SERS sensing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590150824000024/pdfft?md5=fa5dcbb41d8d8dcffac1b781737c1b67&pid=1-s2.0-S2590150824000024-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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