In the present paper, we reported the sensing behavior and mechanism of a titanium dioxide-based thick film sensor for the detection of propanol at room temperature. Undoped titanium dioxide (UTO) and 2 wt% cadmium sulfide doped titanium dioxide (CdTO) thick film samples are fabricated on an alumina substrate. The response of the fabricated samples is measured with varying concentrations of propanol (0–5000 ppm) in a testing chamber at room temperature. The measurement showed that the 2 wt% CdS doped sample showed a maximum response (63 %) for propanol. The transient response is also measured and the response time is 65 s and recovery 195 s.
{"title":"A titanium dioxide-based thick film gas sensor for propanol","authors":"Ankit Kumar Vishwakarma , Ajaya Kumar Sharma , Ashok Kumar Mishra , Lallan Yadava","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present paper, we reported the sensing behavior and mechanism of a titanium dioxide-based thick film sensor for the detection of propanol at room temperature. Undoped titanium dioxide (UTO) and 2 wt% cadmium sulfide doped titanium dioxide (CdTO) thick film samples are fabricated on an alumina substrate. The response of the fabricated samples is measured with varying concentrations of propanol (0–5000 ppm) in a testing chamber at room temperature. The measurement showed that the 2 wt% CdS doped sample showed a maximum response (63 %) for propanol. The transient response is also measured and the response time is 65 s and recovery 195 s.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48346451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100186
I-Che Li, Tsung-Wei Zeng
Various rod-shape SnO2 nanocrystals of different sizes and shapes were synthesized to study the desirable morphology for photocatalytic applications. An optimal apparent photocatalytic rate constant of 0.0809/min−1 was achieved for smaller SnO2 nanorods with diameter of ∼2.9 nm and with length of ∼9.3 nm, which is attributed to suitable nanostructures and high crystallinity. Photocatalytic activities as a function of growth and evolution of SnO2 nanorods are revealed.
{"title":"Size dependent photocatalytic activities of rod-shape SnO2 nanocrystals","authors":"I-Che Li, Tsung-Wei Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Various rod-shape SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals of different sizes and shapes were synthesized to study the desirable morphology for photocatalytic applications. An optimal apparent photocatalytic rate constant of 0.0809/min<sup>−1</sup> was achieved for smaller SnO<sub>2</sub> nanorods with diameter of ∼2.9 nm and with length of ∼9.3 nm, which is attributed to suitable nanostructures and high crystallinity. Photocatalytic activities as a function of growth and evolution of SnO<sub>2</sub> nanorods are revealed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49641521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100175
Emie Salamangkit Mirasol , Masaru Shimomura
Herein, characteristics of the nanostructured silica powders (NsSP) synthesized from Philippine rice hull ash-based sodium silicate solution by precipitation (pH 2, pH 6) and calcination (600 °C, 900 °C) were presented. Characterizations confirmed that the synthesized NsSP contains high amount of SiO2. NsSP obtained at pH 2 revealed higher mass losses by ∼ 12 % until 900 °C and higher intensities of –OH and Si–OH bonds than obtained at pH 6. Calcination of NsSP at 900 °C removes the Si–OH bond leading to a relative growth in the SiO2 primary particles but SiO2 structure remained amorphous. Morphology of NsSP obtained at pH 2 were cloud-like while NsSP obtained at pH 6 were bead-like and more distinct.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured silica powders using rice hull ash-based sodium silicate solution by precipitation and calcination","authors":"Emie Salamangkit Mirasol , Masaru Shimomura","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, characteristics of the nanostructured silica powders (NsSP) synthesized from Philippine rice hull ash-based sodium silicate solution by precipitation (pH 2, pH 6) and calcination (600 °C, 900 °C) were presented. Characterizations confirmed that the synthesized NsSP contains high amount of SiO<sub>2</sub>. NsSP obtained at pH 2 revealed higher mass losses by ∼ 12 % until 900 °C and higher intensities of –OH and Si–OH bonds than obtained at pH 6. Calcination of NsSP at 900 °C removes the Si–OH bond leading to a relative growth in the SiO<sub>2</sub> primary particles but SiO<sub>2</sub> structure remained amorphous. Morphology of NsSP obtained at pH 2 were cloud-like while NsSP obtained at pH 6 were bead-like and more distinct.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100173
Joyce Massoni Tonetto , Ana Paula Romio , Juliana Kloss , Michele Di Domenico , Claiton Zanini Brusamarello
Composite polyurethane (PU) foams were effectively synthesized by the mass polymerization method with concentrations of natural basalt powder from 0 to 100 wt%. By increasing basalt's content, the foams had more considerable growth, suggesting a catalyst effect of its inherent metallic compounds during the reaction. Adding basalt powder decreased the traction and compression resistances and increased the foam's density and thermal stability. Still, the increase in basalt content reduced the burning time of the foams, indicating enhanced properties as a flame retardant and self-extinguishing capacity compared to traditional foams.
{"title":"Basalt powder as reinforcement material in polyurethane foams with reduced flammability and self-extinguish properties","authors":"Joyce Massoni Tonetto , Ana Paula Romio , Juliana Kloss , Michele Di Domenico , Claiton Zanini Brusamarello","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composite polyurethane (PU) foams were effectively synthesized by the mass polymerization method with concentrations of natural basalt powder from 0 to 100 wt%. By increasing basalt's content, the foams had more considerable growth, suggesting a catalyst effect of its inherent metallic compounds during the reaction. Adding basalt powder decreased the traction and compression resistances and increased the foam's density and thermal stability. Still, the increase in basalt content reduced the burning time of the foams, indicating enhanced properties as a flame retardant and self-extinguishing capacity compared to traditional foams.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41590732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work, we report the fabrication and characterization of undoped ZnO and Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thick films. The structural properties of ZnO films are characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It is evident from XRD that, the crystallite size of fabricated ZnO and CdS-ZnO films are 45 nm and 38 nm respectively. Optical properties have been investigated by U-V absorption. It is observed from U-V Spectroscopy that the band gap decreases with CdS doping. We found that all deposited ZnO thin films are to be polycrystalline structures of wurtzite, and the crystallite size of ZnO is in the nanometric range which further decreases with CdS doping.
{"title":"Optical and structural properties of CdS-ZnO thick film","authors":"Ajaya Kumar Sharma , Ankit Kumar Vishwakarma , Lallan Yadava","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, we report the fabrication and characterization of undoped ZnO and Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thick films. The structural properties of ZnO films are characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It is evident from XRD that, the crystallite size of fabricated ZnO and CdS-ZnO films are 45 nm and 38 nm respectively. Optical properties have been investigated by U-V absorption. It is observed from U-V Spectroscopy that the band gap decreases with CdS doping. We found that all deposited ZnO thin films are to be polycrystalline structures of wurtzite, and the crystallite size of ZnO is in the nanometric range which further decreases with CdS doping.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46800687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100181
S. Sheyko , V. Tsyganov , O. Hrechanyi , T. Vasilchenko , A. Vlasov
Rational method for micro alloying auto sheet rolled steel of low-pearlite, 10 HFTBch steel, which contributed to more uniform indicators of the mechanical properties of welded joints obtaining in the heat-affected zone and weld was chosen. It brought them closer to the properties of the base metal.
{"title":"Mechanical property investigation of welded joints in 10HFTBch steel for the automobile wheel production","authors":"S. Sheyko , V. Tsyganov , O. Hrechanyi , T. Vasilchenko , A. Vlasov","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rational method for micro alloying auto sheet rolled steel of low-pearlite, 10 HFTBch steel, which contributed to more uniform indicators of the mechanical properties of welded joints obtaining in the heat-affected zone and weld was chosen. It brought them closer to the properties of the base metal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43023590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100172
Asif Ur Rehman, Abid Ullah, Tingting Liu, Rashid Ur Rehman, M. U. Salamci, Wenhe Liao
{"title":"Selective laser oxidation sintering of cuprous oxide","authors":"Asif Ur Rehman, Abid Ullah, Tingting Liu, Rashid Ur Rehman, M. U. Salamci, Wenhe Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54921267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100182
Akhyar , Iqbal , Nurdin Ali , Husni Husin
The solidification rate of materials affects the properties of the cast product and the pouring temperature also influences the freezing conditions of cast-metal alloys. The propose of this study is to evaluate the tensile strength of cast samples by using five variations of pouring temperatures through permanent molds by a gravity casting process. The results showed that the tensile strength maximum was 443 MPa at 1210 °C, the freezing range affected the tensile properties of cast samples.
{"title":"Effect of variations in pouring temperature on tensile strength of CuZn cast alloys","authors":"Akhyar , Iqbal , Nurdin Ali , Husni Husin","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The solidification rate of materials affects the properties of the cast product and the pouring temperature also influences the freezing conditions of cast-metal alloys. The propose of this study is to evaluate the tensile strength of cast samples by using five variations of pouring temperatures through permanent molds by a gravity casting process. The results showed that the tensile strength maximum was 443 MPa at 1210 °C, the freezing range affected the tensile properties of cast samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44149243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100179
Stephan A. Brinckmann , Jason C. Young , Ray S. Fertig III , Carl P. Frick
The use of engineering ceramics with intricate geometries is limited by manufacturing processes and lack ease of machinability of ceramics. Additive manufacturing of pre-ceramic polymers which are pyrolyzed into ceramics after 3D printing has recently been used to circumvent traditional manufacturing processes creating ceramics with complex geometries, however, mechanical characterization is limited. Polymer-derived ceramics and their green-body precursors are printed using digital light projection 3D printing in two orientations (0°- and 90°- to the build plate) and mechanically characterized. The results show that mechanical anisotropy exists both in the green-body polymer samples where the 0°-samples are stronger and stiffer than their 90°-counterparts and the final ceramics, where the stronger samples are fabricated at 90° despite isotropic hardness measurements. Through the manufacturing process, it was noted that samples undergoing pyrolysis built in the 90°-orientation have a pyrolysis survival rate of 94% whereas the 0°-samples showed a survival rate of 54%. The results suggest that the build-direction of 3D printed green-bodies plays a role in both material manufacturing and mechanical integrity of the final ceramic materials.
{"title":"Effect of print direction on mechanical properties of 3D printed polymer-derived ceramics and their precursors","authors":"Stephan A. Brinckmann , Jason C. Young , Ray S. Fertig III , Carl P. Frick","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of engineering ceramics with intricate geometries is limited by manufacturing processes and lack ease of machinability of ceramics. Additive manufacturing of pre-ceramic polymers which are pyrolyzed into ceramics after 3D printing has recently been used to circumvent traditional manufacturing processes creating ceramics with complex geometries, however, mechanical characterization is limited. Polymer-derived ceramics and their green-body precursors are printed using digital light projection 3D printing in two orientations (0°- and 90°- to the build plate) and mechanically characterized. The results show that mechanical anisotropy exists both in the green-body polymer samples where the 0°-samples are stronger and stiffer than their 90°-counterparts and the final ceramics, where the stronger samples are fabricated at 90° despite isotropic hardness measurements. Through the manufacturing process, it was noted that samples undergoing pyrolysis built in the 90°-orientation have a pyrolysis survival rate of 94% whereas the 0°-samples showed a survival rate of 54%. The results suggest that the build-direction of 3D printed green-bodies plays a role in both material manufacturing and mechanical integrity of the final ceramic materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49745397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100172
Asif Ur Rehman , Abid Ullah , Tingting Liu , Rashid Ur Rehman , Metin Uymaz Salamci , Wenhe Liao
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has revolutionized many industries. In this paper, we report a new approach of LPBF for oxide ceramics with selective oxidation that reduces cracks and manufacturing defects. In this method, laser energy density was used to control the oxidation within the material article. Cuprous oxide was additively manufactured into CuO with remarkable crack reduction and improvement in microstructure. The effect of process parameters on the microstructure of Cu2O and its oxidation behavior toward energy beam of different laser powers were analyzed. The experimental results clarified that the oxidation was increased by increasing the laser power in the presence of oxygen.
{"title":"Selective laser oxidation sintering of cuprous oxide","authors":"Asif Ur Rehman , Abid Ullah , Tingting Liu , Rashid Ur Rehman , Metin Uymaz Salamci , Wenhe Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlblux.2022.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has revolutionized many industries. In this paper, we report a new approach of LPBF for oxide ceramics with selective oxidation that reduces cracks and manufacturing defects. In this method, laser energy density was used to control the oxidation within the material article. Cuprous oxide was additively manufactured into CuO with remarkable crack reduction and improvement in microstructure. The effect of process parameters on the microstructure of Cu<sub>2</sub>O and its oxidation behavior toward energy beam of different laser powers were analyzed. The experimental results clarified that the oxidation was increased by increasing the laser power in the presence of oxygen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18245,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49745458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}