Materials Science for Energy Technologies最新文献

One of the most significant industrial processes is the catalytic methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide because methanol is a future energy carrier for producing fuels and high-value-added commodities, the so-called “methanol economy” is carbon neutral. As a solution to climate change, the widespread belief that carbon dioxide can be recycled by hydrogenation into methanol has motivated the development of more efficient and selective catalysts. Efficient 2 wt% Pd/CeO₂ catalysts for thermochemical CO₂ hydrogenation have recently been investigated. However, the rationale behind the low Pd loading (2 wt%) in CeO₂ needs to be clarified, and comprehensive research into Pd tuning is lacking. In this article, we describe the synthesis ofvarious palladium contents (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 wt%) supported on ceria nanorods (Pd/CeO₂) for selective hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol under vapor-phase. The impact of Pd on the physicochemical properties of CeO₂ was examined using various characterization techniques. The enhanced catalytic activity was caused by the 2 wt% Pd/CeO₂ catalyst's most significant level of metallic Pd species, strong interactions between Pd and CeO₂, uniform Pd dispersion on CeO₂, increased reducibility, oxygen mobility, and weak basic sites. This study reveals that changing the percentage of metal in the catalyst supports a valuable technique for designing efficient oxides-supported metal-based catalysts for CO₂ conversions.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are gaining increasing attention as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for grid-scale energy storage applications. This is due to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources. Among the key components of SIBs, cathode materials play a critical role in determining performance and overall cost. Phosphate framework materials have become an attractive option for electrode materials in SIBs due to their high structural stability, facile reaction mechanism, and rich structural diversity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the exploration of phosphate framework materials, including fluorophosphates, pyrophosphates, and carbonphosphates. Additionally, we highlight the relationship between the materials' structure, composition, and performance. Furthermore, we examine Morocco's potential to leverage its rich phosphate resources for the development of a sustainable and economically viable energy storage industry. As one of the world's largest producers and exporters of phosphate, the research and development of sodium ion phosphate batteries in Morocco has the potential to promote the growth of the renewable energy sector and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Zinc (Zn) is viewed as a promising anode material for large-scale secondary batteries. However, due to parasitic reactions and uneven Zn distribution during repeated stripping/plating cycles, Zn anodes show inferior performance and stability. To overcome such drawbacks, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI) is fabricated on a Zn sheet and Zn-graphite composite anode. The roles of CMC-ASEI are examined using X-ray tomography, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Results show that the carboxyl group in CMC can regulate the flux and local concentration of Zn ions at the surface, allowing uniform Zn dissolution/deposition, and can suppress corrosion by reducing water activities on the anode’s surface. At 5 mA cm⁻², the Zn-iodine battery having CMC-ASEI can cycle up to 2,000 cycles. This work provides a simple and scalable solution for advanced Zn anodes for Zn-based batteries.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was mixed with silicon carbide nanoparticles in various quantities to create thin films. Long-term UV light exposure to the PTFE films was used to study the effects of SiC NPs as a photo-stabilizer by assessing changes in weight loss and surface shape. Comparing PTFE films with various SiC NP concentrations to the blank film, very little variation was seen. AFM and optical microscopy were also used to analyze the surface morphology of films. When PTFE films with additives were compared to blank film, there were hard to observe any negative changes brought due to photo-degradation. Additionally, the surfaces appeared more uniformly smooth hence SiC NPs work well as photo-stabilizers to impede photo-degradation, particularly 0.0005 gm weight. Silicon carbide nanoparticles absorb ultraviolet light, bind polymeric chains, scavenge radical moieties, and degrade peroxide residues.

Wood wastes have been widely studied for their adsorption properties in recent years. Researchers have mainly been interested in Atlas cedar sawdust. The present work studies four adsorbents after different extraction (hydrodistillation, soxhlet, maceration, and ultrasound) for methylene blue adsorption. The points discussed concern the operating conditions used during adsorption, thermodynamic, kinetic and other models describing the adsorbent-adsorbate system, and the effect of the main operating parameters (adsorbate concentration, treatment pH, and adsorbent concentration) was investigated using the full factorial design. The best adsorbent is the residue of sawdust generated after extraction via maceration: the yield of methylene blue adsorption is 98.42 % and the adsorbed quantity (Q_ads = 7.84 mg/g) is close to that of powdered activated carbon used for comparison (Q_ads = 9 mg/g). According to the kinetic result, the second order describes well the adsorption of MB onto the four types of Cedar Sawdust. The thermodynamic study confirms the physisorption process in which the enthalpy was found low to 40 kJ·mol⁻¹.

Carbon neutrality has become one of the major challenges to the global sustainable development. The sector of livestock & manure, which accounts for 5.8% of greenhouse gas emissions, has attracted worldwide attentions. The implemention of sustainable technologies is considered an important step towards achieving the carbon reduction in livestock & manure sector. In this work, the recent trends in the potential for livestock manure valorization and phosphorus (P) recovery by hydrothermal technology were systematically studied. First of all, the current situation of livestock manure treatment and waste P utilization at domestic and international level were reviewed. The strengths and challenges of several technical means of livestock manure resource utilization, include composting, anaerobic digestion, and thermochemical conversion, were discussed. Then, the research advance of hydrothermal technology for P utilization and two techniques, include precipitation and adsorption methods, were summarized. Finally, the research perspective of waste P utilization was covered. This review provides the critical strategy for the utilization of livestock manure and waste P resource. Future research priorities in the sustainable management of carbon neutrality in these settings are also proposed.

The photovoltaic thermal hybrid collectors represent one of the most used technologies in positive energy buildings, the device allows converting the available solar energy into heat and electricity at the same time. In this study, a comparative analysis is introduced between two different types of solar conversion devices: conventional hybrid solar air collector (PV/T-Air) and photovoltaic (PV) module. Also, a parametric study was performed to know the impact of different parameters related to the performance of both solar systems. A numerical system based on the fourth order Runge–Kutta iteration method, is used in this study, founded on a strong coupling between the heat balance equations and the different electrical and thermal parameters of both configurations that are included in this work. The energy performance evaluation was applied to the climatic conditions of El Jadida city, located in Morocco. The numerical results indicates that the estimated value of the daily average overall energy conversion efficiency attains: 30.22$\%$ for the PV module, and 52.14$\%$ for the examined hybrid air collector (PV/T-Air). These results are calculated with an air mass flow rate of 0.0215 kg/s, and these values are according to the meteorological data collected on the site of El Jadida city for a sunny day in July.

This paper presents an experimental work conducted to understand how the dispersion stability and sedimentation state of a carbon-based slurry affect its electronic conductivity when particularly used in electrochemical energy storage applications. This work supports the possible concept of using electronic conductivity as an indicator to quantify the sedimentation status of a slurry. Carbon slurries with the concentration of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% are used to conduct this experimental study. Acid-washed and steam-activated Norit particles from peat with an average size of ∼15–35 μm are mixed with distilled water to make slurry samples. In situ measurements of slurry conductivity and sedimentation are performed at both static and flowing conditions. Maximum of ∼10 % and ∼3 % increases in conductivity are found for static and flowing slurry, respectively, after over 30 min of settlement period as the results of particle sedimentation. Surface area exposure of current collectors to slurry particles is also varied to observe the relative contribution of charge transfer by supernatant and sediment layer. It is found that slurry stability diminishes with sediment formation, and static slurry is more susceptible to forming sediment.

The lithium-ion battery (LiB) has become the most widely used energy storage system for electric vehicles (EVs) due to its many advantages. The EV battery pack needs a battery management system (BMS) to estimate the state of charge (SOC) and balance the energy capacity through the cells. Apart from the fact that it is still challenging to accurately solve, the SOC forecasting represents an important concern in the study sector. This research proposes an effective battery SOC forecasting approach utilizing the non-linear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX) time’s series optimized Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm, and Bayesian-Regularization (BR). The suggested technique is well-known for its resilience and high performance in nonlinear and complex system prediction, and it is extensively used in a wide range of disciplines. Also, the precision of the NARX technique has been investigated as a function of training data sets, error classifications based on experimental data of LiB. Both algorithms were evaluated with experimental data. Discharging followed by resting process was conducted on a 2.6 Ah LiB. They demonstrate good convergence in the low error and regression. In an effort to address a gap in the field, this paper offers a comparison between NARX-LM and NARX-BR algorithms for the LiB SOC prediction. Both algorithms are optimized the ANN using times series analysis based in the same training data. The results show that NARX-BR is more rapid and accurate with a low mean square error (MSE) of 2.39 10^-5 than NARX-LM, which achieved an MSE of 1.11. Thus, it shows NARX-BR as an effective technique for LiB SOC prediction.