Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/mms.2022.142276
At the National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM) an evaluation of a commercial dual source high resistance bridge has been performed. Its two main measurement modes (single measurements and multiple measurements) have been investigated. The best settle time of a 10:1 measurement of high resistance ratio has been estimated to be about three times the time constant of the circuit involving the resistors. This constant, in turn, depends on the highest value resistor. By means of mathematical estimators, suitable numbers of the readings of the detector have been established in order to minimize noises. A compatibility test at 100 T Ω has shown that the best precision of the commercial bridge is achieved utilizing the multiple measurements mode with the auto update function. This mode also allows the characterization of a resistor as a function of the settle time. This characterization can be useful for the owner of the resistor who can request the laboratory to perform the calibration of the resistor with the settle time which is necessary for him.
{"title":"Evaluation of a commercial high resistance bridge and methods to improve its precision","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/mms.2022.142276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2022.142276","url":null,"abstract":"At the National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM) an evaluation of a commercial dual source high resistance bridge has been performed. Its two main measurement modes (single measurements and multiple measurements) have been investigated. The best settle time of a 10:1 measurement of high resistance ratio has been estimated to be about three times the time constant of the circuit involving the resistors. This constant, in turn, depends on the highest value resistor. By means of mathematical estimators, suitable numbers of the readings of the detector have been established in order to minimize noises. A compatibility test at 100 T Ω has shown that the best precision of the commercial bridge is achieved utilizing the multiple measurements mode with the auto update function. This mode also allows the characterization of a resistor as a function of the settle time. This characterization can be useful for the owner of the resistor who can request the laboratory to perform the calibration of the resistor with the settle time which is necessary for him.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":"40 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/mms.2022.143064
Anovelmeasurementmethodandabriefdiscussionofbasiccharacteristicsofmeasuringthephaseshiftanglebetweentwosinusoidalsignalsofthesamefrequencyarepresentedinthispaper.Itcontainsamathematical modelforusingconditionalaveragingofadelayedsignalinterferedwithnoisetomeasurethephase shiftangle.Italsoprovidescharacteristicsofconditionalmeanvaluesanddiscussestheeffectofrandom interferencesontheaccuracyofthephaseshiftmeasurement.Thewaytodeterminethevarianceofthe conditionalmeanvalue,togetherwiththeassessmentofstandardandexpandeduncertainty,aredescribed. Theuncertaintycharacteristicshowsthecomplementarypropertiesofthediscussedanglemeasurement principle 𝜑 for small absolute values | 𝜑 | (minimum for 𝜑 = 0) relative to the correlation principle, where the minimum measurement uncertainty is present for 𝜑 = 𝜋 / 2.
{"title":"Using conditional averaging of delayed signals to measure phase shift angle","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/mms.2022.143064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2022.143064","url":null,"abstract":"Anovelmeasurementmethodandabriefdiscussionofbasiccharacteristicsofmeasuringthephaseshiftanglebetweentwosinusoidalsignalsofthesamefrequencyarepresentedinthispaper.Itcontainsamathematical modelforusingconditionalaveragingofadelayedsignalinterferedwithnoisetomeasurethephase shiftangle.Italsoprovidescharacteristicsofconditionalmeanvaluesanddiscussestheeffectofrandom interferencesontheaccuracyofthephaseshiftmeasurement.Thewaytodeterminethevarianceofthe conditionalmeanvalue,togetherwiththeassessmentofstandardandexpandeduncertainty,aredescribed. Theuncertaintycharacteristicshowsthecomplementarypropertiesofthediscussedanglemeasurement principle 𝜑 for small absolute values | 𝜑 | (minimum for 𝜑 = 0) relative to the correlation principle, where the minimum measurement uncertainty is present for 𝜑 = 𝜋 / 2.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":"38 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/mms.2022.143066
ThearticleshowsthepossibilityofusingTFBGgratingstomeasuretheradiusofcurvatureoffiberbendinginconditionsofvariablepolarizationoftheintroducedlight.Mostofthemodern,stablelightsourcesgenerate lightwithahighdegreeofpolarization.Duetothespatialasymmetry,thedirectionofthelightpolarization planeaffectsthespectralparametersofindividualmodes.Forthisreason,inthemeasurementsystemsusing TFBGspresentedsofaritbecomesnecessarytodetermineandcontrolthestateoflightpolarizationdirectly infrontoftheperiodicstructure.Thearticlepresentsthedeterminedspectralparametersofthecladding modeswhichallowbendingmeasurementsregardlessofthedirectionofpolarizationoftheintroduced light.Thankstothis,themeasuringsystemcanbeconstructedwithoutprovidingcontroloftheintroduced lightpolarizationangle,whichmakesitsconstructionsimpler.WhenusingTFBGswithanangleof2 ◦ , the accuracy of determining the bending radius in the range from 15 mm to 30 mm when changing the angle of the plane of polarization in the full range is 0.318 mm in the case of changes in the transmission coefficient. For changes in the wavelength of the selected cladding mode, the accuracy is 0.3203 mm, with the input light polarization being changed in the range from 0 ◦ (P type) to 90 ◦ (S type).
{"title":"A novel method of elimination of light polarization cross sensitivity on tilted fiber Bragg grating bending sensor","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/mms.2022.143066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2022.143066","url":null,"abstract":"ThearticleshowsthepossibilityofusingTFBGgratingstomeasuretheradiusofcurvatureoffiberbendinginconditionsofvariablepolarizationoftheintroducedlight.Mostofthemodern,stablelightsourcesgenerate lightwithahighdegreeofpolarization.Duetothespatialasymmetry,thedirectionofthelightpolarization planeaffectsthespectralparametersofindividualmodes.Forthisreason,inthemeasurementsystemsusing TFBGspresentedsofaritbecomesnecessarytodetermineandcontrolthestateoflightpolarizationdirectly infrontoftheperiodicstructure.Thearticlepresentsthedeterminedspectralparametersofthecladding modeswhichallowbendingmeasurementsregardlessofthedirectionofpolarizationoftheintroduced light.Thankstothis,themeasuringsystemcanbeconstructedwithoutprovidingcontroloftheintroduced lightpolarizationangle,whichmakesitsconstructionsimpler.WhenusingTFBGswithanangleof2 ◦ , the accuracy of determining the bending radius in the range from 15 mm to 30 mm when changing the angle of the plane of polarization in the full range is 0.318 mm in the case of changes in the transmission coefficient. For changes in the wavelength of the selected cladding mode, the accuracy is 0.3203 mm, with the input light polarization being changed in the range from 0 ◦ (P type) to 90 ◦ (S type).","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":"39 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/mms.2022.142268
Runji Fang, Huaian Yi, Shuai Wang, Yilun Niu
Current vision-based roughness measurement methods are classified into two main types: index design and deep learning. Among them, the computation procedure for constructing a roughness correlation index based on image data is relatively difficult, and the imaging environment criteria are stringent and not universally applicable. The roughness measurement method based on deep learning takes a long time to train the model, which is not conducive to achieving rapid online roughness measurement. To tackle with the problems mentioned above, a visual measurement method for surface roughness of milling workpieces based on broad learning system was proposed in this paper. The process began by capturing photos of the milling workpiece using a CCD camera in a normal lighting setting. Then, the train set was augmented with additional data to lower the quantity of data required by the model. Finally, the broad learning system was utilized to achieve the classification prediction of roughness. The experimental results showed that the roughness measurement method in this paper not only had a training speed incomparable to deep learning models, but also could automatically extract features and exhibited high recognition accuracy.
{"title":"Classification and inspection of milling surface roughness based on a broad learning system","authors":"Runji Fang, Huaian Yi, Shuai Wang, Yilun Niu","doi":"10.24425/mms.2022.142268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2022.142268","url":null,"abstract":"Current vision-based roughness measurement methods are classified into two main types: index design and deep learning. Among them, the computation procedure for constructing a roughness correlation index based on image data is relatively difficult, and the imaging environment criteria are stringent and not universally applicable. The roughness measurement method based on deep learning takes a long time to train the model, which is not conducive to achieving rapid online roughness measurement. To tackle with the problems mentioned above, a visual measurement method for surface roughness of milling workpieces based on broad learning system was proposed in this paper. The process began by capturing photos of the milling workpiece using a CCD camera in a normal lighting setting. Then, the train set was augmented with additional data to lower the quantity of data required by the model. Finally, the broad learning system was utilized to achieve the classification prediction of roughness. The experimental results showed that the roughness measurement method in this paper not only had a training speed incomparable to deep learning models, but also could automatically extract features and exhibited high recognition accuracy.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":"4 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/mms.2022.143069
As part of the work the high-pressure sorptomat – a novel apparatus for sorption tests under conditions of high gas pressure was developed. The sorption measurement is carried out using the volumetric method, and the precise gas flow pressure regulator is used in the device to ensure isobaric conditions and regulate the sorption pressure in the range of 0–10 MPa. The uniqueness and high precision of sorption measurements with the constructed apparatus are ensured by the parallel use of many pressure sensors with a wide measurement range as well as high precision of measurement – due to the use of precise pressure sensors. The obtained results showed, i.a. that the time of reaching the isobaric conditions of the measurement is about 6–7 seconds and it is so short that it can be considered a quasi-step initiation of sorption processes. Moreover, the results of the measurement pressure stabilization tests, during the CO 2 sorption test on activated carbon, have shown that the built-in pressure regulator works correctly and ensures isobaric sorption measurement conditions with the precision of pressure stabilization of ± 1% of the measurement pressure. The maximum range of sorption measurement using the high-pressure sorptomat is 0–86400 cm 3 /g, and the maximum measurement uncertainty is ± 2% of the measured value. The activated carbon sample used for the tests was characterized by a high sorption capacity, reaching 104.4 cm 3 /g at a CO 2 pressure of 1.0 MPa.
{"title":"The high-pressure sorptomat – a novel apparatus for volumetric sorption studies under isobaric high gas pressure conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/mms.2022.143069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2022.143069","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the work the high-pressure sorptomat – a novel apparatus for sorption tests under conditions of high gas pressure was developed. The sorption measurement is carried out using the volumetric method, and the precise gas flow pressure regulator is used in the device to ensure isobaric conditions and regulate the sorption pressure in the range of 0–10 MPa. The uniqueness and high precision of sorption measurements with the constructed apparatus are ensured by the parallel use of many pressure sensors with a wide measurement range as well as high precision of measurement – due to the use of precise pressure sensors. The obtained results showed, i.a. that the time of reaching the isobaric conditions of the measurement is about 6–7 seconds and it is so short that it can be considered a quasi-step initiation of sorption processes. Moreover, the results of the measurement pressure stabilization tests, during the CO 2 sorption test on activated carbon, have shown that the built-in pressure regulator works correctly and ensures isobaric sorption measurement conditions with the precision of pressure stabilization of ± 1% of the measurement pressure. The maximum range of sorption measurement using the high-pressure sorptomat is 0–86400 cm 3 /g, and the maximum measurement uncertainty is ± 2% of the measured value. The activated carbon sample used for the tests was characterized by a high sorption capacity, reaching 104.4 cm 3 /g at a CO 2 pressure of 1.0 MPa.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":"40 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/mms.2019.128350
Stanisław Czapp
Verification of electrical safety in low-voltage power systems includes the measurement of earth fault loop impedance. This measurement is performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against indirect contact. The widespread classic methods and meters use a relatively high value of the measuring current ( 5 (cid:4) 20 ) A, so that they are a source of nuisance tripping of residual current devices (RCDs). The meters dedicated to circuits with RCDs usually use an extremely low value of current (lower than 15 mA), which in many cases it is not acceptable in terms of the measurement accuracy. This paper presents a method of earth fault loop impedance measurement in 3-phase circuits, without nuisance tripping of RCDs – the concept of measurement, the meter structure and the experimental validation. The nuisance tripping is avoided in spite of the use of measuring current value many times higher than that of the rated residual current of RCDs. The main advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of creating values of measuring current in a very wide range, what is very important with regard to accuracy of the measurement.
{"title":"Method of earth fault loop impedance measurement without nuisance tripping of RCDs in 3-phase low-voltage circuits","authors":"Stanisław Czapp","doi":"10.24425/mms.2019.128350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2019.128350","url":null,"abstract":"Verification of electrical safety in low-voltage power systems includes the measurement of earth fault loop impedance. This measurement is performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against indirect contact. The widespread classic methods and meters use a relatively high value of the measuring current ( 5 (cid:4) 20 ) A, so that they are a source of nuisance tripping of residual current devices (RCDs). The meters dedicated to circuits with RCDs usually use an extremely low value of current (lower than 15 mA), which in many cases it is not acceptable in terms of the measurement accuracy. This paper presents a method of earth fault loop impedance measurement in 3-phase circuits, without nuisance tripping of RCDs – the concept of measurement, the meter structure and the experimental validation. The nuisance tripping is avoided in spite of the use of measuring current value many times higher than that of the rated residual current of RCDs. The main advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of creating values of measuring current in a very wide range, what is very important with regard to accuracy of the measurement.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":"764 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/mms.2022.143067
Research related to photovoltaic panels comprises different topics starting with modelling solar cells, finding new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, testing existing ones or designing of DC/DC converters for MPPT systems and microgrids that incorporate photovoltaic energy sources. In each of the examples above a deep knowledge of photovoltaic panels is required, as well as a reliable measurement system that can deliver continuous, stable light with enough power to meet standard test conditions (STC) and that can ensure repeatable results. Therefore this paper presents a low-cost solar simulator with a microcontroller-based measurement system, that can be used for various measurements of low-power photovoltaic panels.
{"title":"Design and evaluation of a low-cost solar simulator and measurement system for low-power photovoltaic panels","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/mms.2022.143067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2022.143067","url":null,"abstract":"Research related to photovoltaic panels comprises different topics starting with modelling solar cells, finding new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, testing existing ones or designing of DC/DC converters for MPPT systems and microgrids that incorporate photovoltaic energy sources. In each of the examples above a deep knowledge of photovoltaic panels is required, as well as a reliable measurement system that can deliver continuous, stable light with enough power to meet standard test conditions (STC) and that can ensure repeatable results. Therefore this paper presents a low-cost solar simulator with a microcontroller-based measurement system, that can be used for various measurements of low-power photovoltaic panels.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":"38 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/mms.2022.143073
In this study, a digital manometer was used as a transfer standard to perform calibration of a pneumatic pressure balance. The same pressure balance was calibrated with the cross-floating method based on falling rate determination (FRD). Average of differences among the effective area results show an agreement of less than 10 ppm between the digital manometer-assisted calibration (DMAC) method and the FRD method. The method in which a digital pressure gauge is used as a transfer standard not only facilitates calibration but also enables the automation of pressure balance calibration. Full automation of pressure balance calibration requires an automatic mass loading system for both the reference instrument and the device under test. Since there is a lot of different kinds of pressure balances, it is nearly impossible for a pressure metrology laboratory to have an automatic mass-handler system for every type of pressure balance. Therefore, a more efficient way in which automated mass-handler systems are not required 𝑖.𝑒. , a semi-automatic calibration system, is designed. For that purpose, two different calibration procedures, increasing-decreasing cycles, and pressurize-vent (P-V) procedures are performed and compared. The equivalence of procedure results makes the semi-automated calibration design of pressure balances possible. The most distinguishing advantages of a semi-automated calibration system are the applicability to any type of pressure balance and low cost compared to full automation
{"title":"Design of semi-automated calibration system for pressure balances","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/mms.2022.143073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2022.143073","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a digital manometer was used as a transfer standard to perform calibration of a pneumatic pressure balance. The same pressure balance was calibrated with the cross-floating method based on falling rate determination (FRD). Average of differences among the effective area results show an agreement of less than 10 ppm between the digital manometer-assisted calibration (DMAC) method and the FRD method. The method in which a digital pressure gauge is used as a transfer standard not only facilitates calibration but also enables the automation of pressure balance calibration. Full automation of pressure balance calibration requires an automatic mass loading system for both the reference instrument and the device under test. Since there is a lot of different kinds of pressure balances, it is nearly impossible for a pressure metrology laboratory to have an automatic mass-handler system for every type of pressure balance. Therefore, a more efficient way in which automated mass-handler systems are not required 𝑖.𝑒. , a semi-automatic calibration system, is designed. For that purpose, two different calibration procedures, increasing-decreasing cycles, and pressurize-vent (P-V) procedures are performed and compared. The equivalence of procedure results makes the semi-automated calibration design of pressure balances possible. The most distinguishing advantages of a semi-automated calibration system are the applicability to any type of pressure balance and low cost compared to full automation","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":"40 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/mms.2022.143065
In recent years, the Steer-by-Wire (SBW) technology has been gaining popularity and replacing classical steering systems. It plays the most crucial role in autonomous cars where the vehicle must perform maneuvers on its own without driver’s intervention. One of the key components of this system is the steering wheel angle sensor (SAS). Its reliability and performance may affect driver’s life and health. The purpose of this paper is to show a test system to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the steering wheel angle sensor in the SBW system during real-world maneuvers and show how SAS parameters such as accuracy of angle, angular speed etc. affect car trajectory resulting in hit cones. For this purpose, a test system was built, with the use of virtual test drives based on CarMaker software, CANoe and VTSystem hardware. In order to evaluate its performance, the errors introduced by the system were determined. Additionally, using the realised test system, three commercial steering wheel angle sensors were tested and compared during a virtual test drive. Their errors were determined, as well as their performance in the SBW technology and the consistency of the obtained results with the parameters declared by the manufacturer were verified as well.
{"title":"Verification of hardware-in-the-loop test bench for evaluating steering wheel angle sensor performance for steer-by-wire system","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/mms.2022.143065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2022.143065","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the Steer-by-Wire (SBW) technology has been gaining popularity and replacing classical steering systems. It plays the most crucial role in autonomous cars where the vehicle must perform maneuvers on its own without driver’s intervention. One of the key components of this system is the steering wheel angle sensor (SAS). Its reliability and performance may affect driver’s life and health. The purpose of this paper is to show a test system to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the steering wheel angle sensor in the SBW system during real-world maneuvers and show how SAS parameters such as accuracy of angle, angular speed etc. affect car trajectory resulting in hit cones. For this purpose, a test system was built, with the use of virtual test drives based on CarMaker software, CANoe and VTSystem hardware. In order to evaluate its performance, the errors introduced by the system were determined. Additionally, using the realised test system, three commercial steering wheel angle sensors were tested and compared during a virtual test drive. Their errors were determined, as well as their performance in the SBW technology and the consistency of the obtained results with the parameters declared by the manufacturer were verified as well.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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