Pub Date : 2022-06-19DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.237
Dawood Salman Hasan, Mansour S. Farhan, H. Alrikabi
Before the invention of solar panels, solar energy had been used for millions of years. To survive and increase many forms of life, people rely on sunlight. For example, use sunlight for warmth and have only recently begun to use the sun's energy to generate renewable and sustainable electricity. The widespread use of photovoltaic PV systems as a source of renewable energy-derived electricity has prompted researchers to investigate the factors that influence their performance. This paper presents an analytical study for assessing the performance of a 120 Wp PV module. This experiment was conducted at Al-Nasiriyah city ( 31.03 N, 46.16E ). At 180˚ south, and 45˚ elevation, the solar panel is omitted. Using solar panels, solar energy is converted into electrical energy that can power an entire building. The power production from the solar panel depends on several identified factors. In February and June, the solar panel tested the effect of cloud cover, rain, relative humidity and wind velocity. On rainy and cloudy days, average power and irradiance are reduced by 93.32 %, 93.77 %, and 79.97 %, 77.34 %, respectively, when compared to power and irradiance on a clear day (8th February) 693 W/m2 and 76.55 W. Humidity has an inverse relationship with voltage, current, and power. It means that as humidity rises, the value of voltage, current, and power decreases. The performance of a solar panel is directly proportional to the wind velocity. The temperature is inversely proportional to wind velocity, i.e. as wind velocity increases, the temperature of the solar cell module decreases. The results of this study have been analyzed and discussed.
在太阳能板发明之前，太阳能已经被使用了数百万年。为了生存和增加许多生命形式，人们依靠阳光。例如，利用阳光取暖，直到最近才开始利用太阳能来产生可再生和可持续的电力。光伏系统作为一种可再生能源衍生电力的广泛使用，促使研究人员调查影响其性能的因素。本文提出了一项评估120 Wp光伏组件性能的分析研究。本实验在Al-Nasiriyah市(31.03 N, 46.16E)进行。在南方180度，海拔45度，太阳能电池板被省略。利用太阳能电池板，太阳能被转化为电能，可以为整个建筑供电。太阳能电池板的发电量取决于几个确定的因素。在2月和6月，太阳能电池板测试了云量、降雨量、相对湿度和风速的影响。与晴天(2月8日)693 W/m2和76.55 W相比，雨天和阴天的平均功率和辐照度分别下降了93.32%、93.77%和79.97%、77.34%。湿度与电压、电流和功率成反比。这意味着随着湿度的升高，电压、电流和功率的值会减小。太阳能电池板的性能与风速成正比。温度与风速成反比，即随着风速的增加，太阳能电池组件的温度降低。对研究结果进行了分析和讨论。
{"title":"Impact of Cloud, Rain, Humidity, and Wind Velocity on PV Panel Performance","authors":"Dawood Salman Hasan, Mansour S. Farhan, H. Alrikabi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.237","url":null,"abstract":"Before the invention of solar panels, solar energy had been used for millions of years. To survive and increase many forms of life, people rely on sunlight. For example, use sunlight for warmth and have only recently begun to use the sun's energy to generate renewable and sustainable electricity. The widespread use of photovoltaic PV systems as a source of renewable energy-derived electricity has prompted researchers to investigate the factors that influence their performance. This paper presents an analytical study for assessing the performance of a 120 Wp PV module. This experiment was conducted at Al-Nasiriyah city ( 31.03 N, 46.16E ). At 180˚ south, and 45˚ elevation, the solar panel is omitted. Using solar panels, solar energy is converted into electrical energy that can power an entire building. The power production from the solar panel depends on several identified factors. In February and June, the solar panel tested the effect of cloud cover, rain, relative humidity and wind velocity. On rainy and cloudy days, average power and irradiance are reduced by 93.32 %, 93.77 %, and 79.97 %, 77.34 %, respectively, when compared to power and irradiance on a clear day (8th February) 693 W/m2 and 76.55 W. Humidity has an inverse relationship with voltage, current, and power. It means that as humidity rises, the value of voltage, current, and power decreases. The performance of a solar panel is directly proportional to the wind velocity. The temperature is inversely proportional to wind velocity, i.e. as wind velocity increases, the temperature of the solar cell module decreases. The results of this study have been analyzed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126269467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-08DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.274
Hasan F. Khazaal, Hawraa Saadoon, T. Jamel
It is critical to utilize a good model for predicting acceptable and optimum frequencies while designing and planning for the future generation wireless communications system's channel. This paper explains how the weather conditions affect the strength of the transmitted signal in various environments and circumstances, as well as how the mmWave behaves as it passes through free space and the atmosphere. An NYUSIM simulator package is used for predicting the performance of the channel for two months (January and July). Two frequencies were used, 38 GHz and 73 GHz to test the channel performance and which frequency is the best suited for the Kut city environment. The simulation results shown that an agreement with the 38 GHz for its lower path loss and acceptable received power. The weather database was real and actual obtained from the Iraqi meteorological organization and seismology reports consist of (rain, fog and temperature). The result for both directional and omnidirectional power delay profile showed a great agreement at 38 GHz for the two months (January and July), where the path loss and received power at 38 GHz for January is 127 dB and -47.2 dBm respectively, where for 73 GHz the path loss is 135.4 dB and with a received power of -55.7 dBm. At July the path loss and received power for 38 GHz and 73 GHz is (123 dB, -43.2 dBm) and (130 dB, -43.2 dBm) respectively.
{"title":"The Effects Of Different Weather Conditions On 5G Millimeter Waves Propagations at 38 GHz and 73 GHz For Kut-City in Iraq","authors":"Hasan F. Khazaal, Hawraa Saadoon, T. Jamel","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.274","url":null,"abstract":"It is critical to utilize a good model for predicting acceptable and optimum frequencies while designing and planning for the future generation wireless communications system's channel. This paper explains how the weather conditions affect the strength of the transmitted signal in various environments and circumstances, as well as how the mmWave behaves as it passes through free space and the atmosphere. An NYUSIM simulator package is used for predicting the performance of the channel for two months (January and July). Two frequencies were used, 38 GHz and 73 GHz to test the channel performance and which frequency is the best suited for the Kut city environment. The simulation results shown that an agreement with the 38 GHz for its lower path loss and acceptable received power. The weather database was real and actual obtained from the Iraqi meteorological organization and seismology reports consist of (rain, fog and temperature). The result for both directional and omnidirectional power delay profile showed a great agreement at 38 GHz for the two months (January and July), where the path loss and received power at 38 GHz for January is 127 dB and -47.2 dBm respectively, where for 73 GHz the path loss is 135.4 dB and with a received power of -55.7 dBm. At July the path loss and received power for 38 GHz and 73 GHz is (123 dB, -43.2 dBm) and (130 dB, -43.2 dBm) respectively.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128507669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.281
Waleed Abdali, A. Hassen
A desiccant column contains a silica gel as a solid moisture absorbent material has been used in this study, in which the regeneration or desorption process was discussed. The dimensions of the silica-gel column are 30 cm long*30 cm wide with three thickness of desiccant bed (5,10, &15) cm, respectively. The mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of the regeneration air used are 3.72 kg/min and 53 °C respectively. This air was obtained using solar air heater in addition to an electric heating unit for temperature control purpose. The results obtained showed that the regeneration period is affected by the bed thickness. Increasing the bed thickness of silica increase the regeneration period and vice versa For example, the complete drying process of silica gel from moisture took 21 min with thickness of bed (5 cm), while it took 42 min with thickness of bed (15 cm)
{"title":"Experimental Study of the Effects of Silica-gel Bed Thickness on The Regeneration Process in a Desiccant Column","authors":"Waleed Abdali, A. Hassen","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.281","url":null,"abstract":"A desiccant column contains a silica gel as a solid moisture absorbent material has been used in this study, in which the regeneration or desorption process was discussed. The dimensions of the silica-gel column are 30 cm long*30 cm wide with three thickness of desiccant bed (5,10, &15) cm, respectively. The mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of the regeneration air used are 3.72 kg/min and 53 °C respectively. This air was obtained using solar air heater in addition to an electric heating unit for temperature control purpose. The results obtained showed that the regeneration period is affected by the bed thickness. Increasing the bed thickness of silica increase the regeneration period and vice versa For example, the complete drying process of silica gel from moisture took 21 min with thickness of bed (5 cm), while it took 42 min with thickness of bed (15 cm)","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121553531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.333
S. M. Mearek, A. K. Shadhar, H. H. Abbood
The expansive soils can be founded in various regions and extent areas in the south, middle and north of Iraq. Damage to these soils may appear immediately after construction within five years, or it may take several years until something happen to disturb to moisture structure of the soil. This work aims to find the relation between Atterberg limits, swelling potential, and swelling pressure for five samples. This work is projected to forecast the volume changes in site soil associated with the changes in soil plasticity. The behavior of an expansive soil (bentonite sand mixture) (B-S) subjected to the Atterberg limits test and swelling test were studied. Also, it was found that simple classification tests can provide reasonable estimates of field edges. The potential probability forecasts using the consolidation standard were sometimes low, often as little as possible compared to field observations. Predictions based on the soil suction method provided reasonable higher limits for all test sites.
{"title":"Relation Between Swelling Pressure and Potential Expansion Soil with Atterberg Limits","authors":"S. M. Mearek, A. K. Shadhar, H. H. Abbood","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.333","url":null,"abstract":"The expansive soils can be founded in various regions and extent areas in the south, middle and north of Iraq. Damage to these soils may appear immediately after construction within five years, or it may take several years until something happen to disturb to moisture structure of the soil. This work aims to find the relation between Atterberg limits, swelling potential, and swelling pressure for five samples. This work is projected to forecast the volume changes in site soil associated with the changes in soil plasticity. The behavior of an expansive soil (bentonite sand mixture) (B-S) subjected to the Atterberg limits test and swelling test were studied. Also, it was found that simple classification tests can provide reasonable estimates of field edges. The potential probability forecasts using the consolidation standard were sometimes low, often as little as possible compared to field observations. Predictions based on the soil suction method provided reasonable higher limits for all test sites.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128096318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.229
Mohammed Hassan Mjhool, Haider Th. Salim AL Rikabi AL Rikabi, Mansour S. Farhan AL Rikabi
Monitoring and maintaining solar cells is one of the most fundamental problems facing investors in Iraq at present. In addition, the efficiency of solar cells is unacceptable because of climate changes. Monitoring solar photovoltaic power generation with the Internet of Things can significantly improve the PV panel's performance, monitoring, and maintenance. Large-scale solar photovoltaic installations are encouraged by falling renewable energy equipment costs due to progress technology. Most solar photovoltaic plants are located in remote areas and thus cannot be monitored from a single location; complex systems are needed to automate plant monitoring remotely using web-based interfaces. The implementation of a new cost-effective IoT-based methodology for remotely monitoring a solar photovoltaic plant is discussed in this paper to enhance its performance. Preventive maintenance, fault detection, historical PV panel analysis, and real-time monitoring can become more accessible than the classical methods.
{"title":"Enhancement the Efficiency of Solar Cell by using Internet of Things Applications","authors":"Mohammed Hassan Mjhool, Haider Th. Salim AL Rikabi AL Rikabi, Mansour S. Farhan AL Rikabi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.229","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring and maintaining solar cells is one of the most fundamental problems facing investors in Iraq at present. In addition, the efficiency of solar cells is unacceptable because of climate changes. Monitoring solar photovoltaic power generation with the Internet of Things can significantly improve the PV panel's performance, monitoring, and maintenance. Large-scale solar photovoltaic installations are encouraged by falling renewable energy equipment costs due to progress technology. Most solar photovoltaic plants are located in remote areas and thus cannot be monitored from a single location; complex systems are needed to automate plant monitoring remotely using web-based interfaces. The implementation of a new cost-effective IoT-based methodology for remotely monitoring a solar photovoltaic plant is discussed in this paper to enhance its performance. Preventive maintenance, fault detection, historical PV panel analysis, and real-time monitoring can become more accessible than the classical methods.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"429 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126084012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.234
Abbas Ghafouri, A. Jubear
An experimental study of a two-storey structure with a passive ventilation system is conducted in August, with the severe summer environment of Kut, Iraq. The experimental model consists of a solar chimney combined with a hybrid cooling system comprised of an Earth-air heat exchanger and an evaporative cooler. Each storey has a size of 1 m3, while the dimensions of the vertical solar chimney were 3m height, 1m width and 0.3m depth. The dimensions of the evaporative cooler were (0.3 * 0.3 * 0.6) m3; it has a two-nozzle water spray system and a low-power fan with a speed of 0.8 m/s. The Earth-air heat exchanger was 17 m long, 10.2 cm in diameter and 3 m deep under each floor. Two instances were investigated with and without EV for two separate daytimes (2-8-2021 and (3-8-2021). The findings revealed that EV increases the relative humidity inside each storey and enhances the thermal comfort rate. Based on recorded data, the relative humidity rate ranged from 35% to 42%, contrasted to the exterior relative humidity, which did not surpass 13%. In addition, the EV assisted in lowering the indoor temperature of each storey by 4 °C. Finally, due to the high solar radiation at the Kut city location in Iraq, the passive ventilation rates for the solar chimney were satisfactory for both storeys.
{"title":"The Effect of an Evaporative Cooler on the Thermal Performance of Passive Ventilation System Coupled with EAHE: An Experimental Investigation","authors":"Abbas Ghafouri, A. Jubear","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.234","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study of a two-storey structure with a passive ventilation system is conducted in August, with the severe summer environment of Kut, Iraq. The experimental model consists of a solar chimney combined with a hybrid cooling system comprised of an Earth-air heat exchanger and an evaporative cooler. Each storey has a size of 1 m3, while the dimensions of the vertical solar chimney were 3m height, 1m width and 0.3m depth. The dimensions of the evaporative cooler were (0.3 * 0.3 * 0.6) m3; it has a two-nozzle water spray system and a low-power fan with a speed of 0.8 m/s. The Earth-air heat exchanger was 17 m long, 10.2 cm in diameter and 3 m deep under each floor. Two instances were investigated with and without EV for two separate daytimes (2-8-2021 and (3-8-2021). The findings revealed that EV increases the relative humidity inside each storey and enhances the thermal comfort rate. Based on recorded data, the relative humidity rate ranged from 35% to 42%, contrasted to the exterior relative humidity, which did not surpass 13%. In addition, the EV assisted in lowering the indoor temperature of each storey by 4 °C. Finally, due to the high solar radiation at the Kut city location in Iraq, the passive ventilation rates for the solar chimney were satisfactory for both storeys.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114119713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.269
Ammar Dakhil
Information sources have developed considerably in recent years; many electronic platforms are able to provide valuable information regards engineering topics. One of the most important data sources is the open street map (OSM) platform, providing editable geographic information for most of the world, with different levels of accuracy and at different points in time. Road network mapping requires a high level of effort and accuracy, due to the complexity of the modelling and the amount of information that needs to be included in the feature class. OSM can support road network modelling by providing a different kind of data. In this paper, a systematic procedure was investigated for the production of an automated road network for Basrah city, as a case study for the use of OSM in Geographic Information System (GIS) 10.8 software. Specific spatial analysis tools such as road density and network analysis were also implemented. This study validated a computerised procedure to extract OSM data via two methods of validation and demonstrated the immediate applicability of this data for density and network analysis. The research results show a significant reduction in time and effort required to produce an accurate Basrah city road network using OSM data sources. Density analysis and network analysis show the importance and validity of the produced road network.
{"title":"Computerized Road network modeling using open street map sources in GIS: Basrah province as a case study","authors":"Ammar Dakhil","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.269","url":null,"abstract":"Information sources have developed considerably in recent years; many electronic platforms are able to provide valuable information regards engineering topics. One of the most important data sources is the open street map (OSM) platform, providing editable geographic information for most of the world, with different levels of accuracy and at different points in time. Road network mapping requires a high level of effort and accuracy, due to the complexity of the modelling and the amount of information that needs to be included in the feature class. OSM can support road network modelling by providing a different kind of data. In this paper, a systematic procedure was investigated for the production of an automated road network for Basrah city, as a case study for the use of OSM in Geographic Information System (GIS) 10.8 software. Specific spatial analysis tools such as road density and network analysis were also implemented. This study validated a computerised procedure to extract OSM data via two methods of validation and demonstrated the immediate applicability of this data for density and network analysis.\u0000The research results show a significant reduction in time and effort required to produce an accurate Basrah city road network using OSM data sources. Density analysis and network analysis show the importance and validity of the produced road network.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"24 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114042316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.241
Noor Sabah, E. Hameed, Muayed S. Al-Huseiny
The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is still the most common controller and stabilizer used in industry due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, in most of the real applications, the controlled system has parameters that slowly vary or are uncertain. Thus, PID gains must be adapted to cope with such changes. In this research, an Adaptive Proportional-Integral-derivative controller (APID) is proposed to control the 2-DOF lower limb rehabilitation robot system. The parameters gains of the proposed controller are optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO). The simulation results show no overshoot and zero steady-state error, but large settling time (ts=3.654 sec. for link1 and ts=2.844 sec. for link2) for linear path, and the actual path tracks the desired path with a large error for the nonlinear path. The results illustrate that the robot's performance is inefficient for linear and nonlinear paths when using the APID controller to control the lower limb rehabilitation robot. Therefore, the controller needs to modify for controlling the robot efficiently.
{"title":"Design of Adaptive PID Controller for Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm.","authors":"Noor Sabah, E. Hameed, Muayed S. Al-Huseiny","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.241","url":null,"abstract":"The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is still the most common controller and stabilizer used in industry due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, in most of the real applications, the controlled system has parameters that slowly vary or are uncertain. Thus, PID gains must be adapted to cope with such changes. \u0000In this research, an Adaptive Proportional-Integral-derivative controller (APID) is proposed to control the 2-DOF lower limb rehabilitation robot system. The parameters gains of the proposed controller are optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO). The simulation results show no overshoot and zero steady-state error, but large settling time (ts=3.654 sec. for link1 and ts=2.844 sec. for link2) for linear path, and the actual path tracks the desired path with a large error for the nonlinear path. The results illustrate that the robot's performance is inefficient for linear and nonlinear paths when using the APID controller to control the lower limb rehabilitation robot. Therefore, the controller needs to modify for controlling the robot efficiently.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124980190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.239
Shams M. Cheyad, Ali N. Hilo, Thaar S. Al-Ghasham, Ali Hameed Abd, Rawaa H. Ismaeil
Basically, the durability of hydraulic structures is heavily influenced by concrete surface resistance against mechanical wear. Hydro-abrasion is the term used to describe deterioration of concrete surface inflicted by the continuous removal of surface material due to the effect of water-dragged solids. This type of cumulative damage for the surface of concrete may be seen in practically all hydraulic systems, in varying degrees of severity. Essentially, such hydro-abrasive concrete wear reduces the life span of the hydraulic structure, and as a result of the maintenance necessary, the facility's non-operation during the repair time increases costs. The impact employed by the flow inclination angle, density (sand concentration in water), and velocity were studied in this work. The three various angles (30°, 45°, and 60°) different densities (35 and 45 kg/m3), and different velocities of 600, 900, and 1200 rpm were numerically determined using the program of ANSYS and the discrete phase model (DPM) for simulating the fluid solids. According to the directed numerical simulation, the greatest rate of erosion was observed when the inclination angle of the flowing water was 60°, while the least value was obtained when the inclination angle of flow was 45°, in addition, the erosion rate increases as the density and velocity increases.
{"title":"Modeling and Simulation of the Erosion Rate in Hydraulic Structures","authors":"Shams M. Cheyad, Ali N. Hilo, Thaar S. Al-Ghasham, Ali Hameed Abd, Rawaa H. Ismaeil","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss1.239","url":null,"abstract":"Basically, the durability of hydraulic structures is heavily influenced by concrete surface resistance against mechanical wear. Hydro-abrasion is the term used to describe deterioration of concrete surface inflicted by the continuous removal of surface material due to the effect of water-dragged solids. This type of cumulative damage for the surface of concrete may be seen in practically all hydraulic systems, in varying degrees of severity. Essentially, such hydro-abrasive concrete wear reduces the life span of the hydraulic structure, and as a result of the maintenance necessary, the facility's non-operation during the repair time increases costs. The impact employed by the flow inclination angle, density (sand concentration in water), and velocity were studied in this work. The three various angles (30°, 45°, and 60°) different densities (35 and 45 kg/m3), and different velocities of 600, 900, and 1200 rpm were numerically determined using the program of ANSYS and the discrete phase model (DPM) for simulating the fluid solids. According to the directed numerical simulation, the greatest rate of erosion was observed when the inclination angle of the flowing water was 60°, while the least value was obtained when the inclination angle of flow was 45°, in addition, the erosion rate increases as the density and velocity increases.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127758351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-14DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol9.iss2.283
Dhuha F. Yousife, Asad H. Aldefae, S. Zubaidi, Alaa N. Aldelfee
The essential factor that must get the interest by the engineers during the primary design stage of underground pipes is understanding mechanism of damage during earthquakes. The attention during design period increased due to the increment of seismic catastrophes throughout the few past decades. Therefore, finite element procedure was used for studying the seismic performance of buried pipes. PLAXIS-2D program was using for simulating the seismic performance of buried pipes using earthquake motion of single frequency. The response of both seismic vertical displacement, and acceleration of the buried pipe were simulated. The experiments of shaking table for two models of buried pipe in dry case that surrounded with sand and gravel were compared with numerical simulation results. According to the obtained results, the amplification of seismic wave raised considerably from the buried pipe base to the pipe crown, the biggest amplification occurred in the highest point of the pipe model. It can be noticed that Plaxis-2D software provides an accurate method for the prediction of seismic behaviour of buried pipe due to the obvious compatibility between the results of experiments and numerical simulation.
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