Pub Date : 2022-07-16DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.256
Khalil Lafta Abdul sada, Zena Khalefa Kadhim, Laith Jaafer Habeeb
الملخص تخزين الطاقة هو احتجاز الطاقة في وقت واحد للاستفادة منها في وقت آخر. الهدف من هذا العمل هو تحسين وقت التخزين في خزان تخزين الماء الساخن لأطول فترة ممكنة عن طريق ملء الخزان بوسائط مسامية مناسبة وأفضل مستوى تعبئة لمادة الطبقة المعبأة. تتناول هذه الورقة طرق تخزين الطاقة الحرارية وتطبيقاتها في مجال أنظمة تسخين المياه بالطاقة الشمسية ونظام تسخين الهواء الشمسي والمواد المستخدمة للحفاظ على تلك الطاقة الحرارية بشكل احترافي. أجريت التجارب للاستخدام المنزلي العادي لأسرة مكونة من خمسة أفراد باستخدام سخان شمسي مكون من خزان سعة 120 لترًا ومجمع شمسي مكون من 20 أنبوبًا مفرغًا بالإضافة إلى خزان لتخزين الوسائط المسامية بسعة 50 لترًا. أجريت التجارب بدون استخدام وسائط مسامية وباستخدام مستويات مختلفة من الوسائط المسامية (150 ، 300 ، 450 ملم). أظهرت النتائج أن زيادة مستوى الوسائط المسامية تساهم في إمداد الماء الساخن عند درجة حرارة مفيدة للاستخدام المنزلي (فوق 20س ج) على مدار اليوم .
能源储存是指同时捕获能源，以其他时间使用。这项工作的目标是通过用适当的多孔介质和最佳包装包装层材料，尽可能长时间提高热水储蓄罐的储存时间。本文探讨了热能储存方法及其在太阳能热水系统、太阳能空气加热系统和用于专业保护热能的材料中的应用。对一个五人家庭的普通家庭使用的实验是利用太阳能热水器进行的，太阳能热水器包括一个容量120升的水箱和一个20个排气筒的太阳能综合体以及一个容量50升的多孔介质储存箱。试验是在使用多孔介质和不同多孔介质(150、300、450毫米)进行的。结果表明，多孔介质的增加有助于在对家庭使用有用的温度下(超过20 xx c)每天24小时提供热水。
{"title":"Influence of Porous Materials on Growing the Time of Hot Water Supply for the Solar Collector","authors":"Khalil Lafta Abdul sada, Zena Khalefa Kadhim, Laith Jaafer Habeeb","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.256","url":null,"abstract":"الملخص \u0000 تخزين الطاقة هو احتجاز الطاقة في وقت واحد للاستفادة منها في وقت آخر. الهدف من هذا العمل هو تحسين وقت التخزين في خزان تخزين الماء الساخن لأطول فترة ممكنة عن طريق ملء الخزان بوسائط مسامية مناسبة وأفضل مستوى تعبئة لمادة الطبقة المعبأة. تتناول هذه الورقة طرق تخزين الطاقة الحرارية وتطبيقاتها في مجال أنظمة تسخين المياه بالطاقة الشمسية ونظام تسخين الهواء الشمسي والمواد المستخدمة للحفاظ على تلك الطاقة الحرارية بشكل احترافي. أجريت التجارب للاستخدام المنزلي العادي لأسرة مكونة من خمسة أفراد باستخدام سخان شمسي مكون من خزان سعة 120 لترًا ومجمع شمسي مكون من 20 أنبوبًا مفرغًا بالإضافة إلى خزان لتخزين الوسائط المسامية بسعة 50 لترًا. أجريت التجارب بدون استخدام وسائط مسامية وباستخدام مستويات مختلفة من الوسائط المسامية (150 ، 300 ، 450 ملم). أظهرت النتائج أن زيادة مستوى الوسائط المسامية تساهم في إمداد الماء الساخن عند درجة حرارة مفيدة للاستخدام المنزلي (فوق 20س ج) على مدار اليوم .","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114493931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.250
Rawaa Toama, M. Shamkhi
Abstract A broad-crested weir is one of the simplest and oldest hydraulic structures.It was used to measure flow regulate flow depth and control flood passage. Open channel flow measurement requirements are based on the experiments performed to evaluate the empirical discharge coefficients and equations. The aim of this study is to develop the stage-discharge relationships using incomplete self-similarity theory and traditional methods for calculating the discharge coefficient (Cds) and to determine which method is the most effective. All experiments were carried out in a channel with a cross-section of (0.5 × 0.5) m and a length of 15 m. 125 experiments were carried out on 25 physical models of a broad crested weir with a rounded edge, under submerged flow conditions. The results showed, after comparing the two methods, and by calculating the mean absolute relative error (MARE) for discharges . It is equal to (4.25%) using the incomplete self-similarity theory, and it is equal to (7.05) by using the traditional method. Thus, the incomplete self-similarity formula is more accurate than the other method.
{"title":"Stage-Discharge Relationships of Broad Crested Weir for submerged Flow Condition Utilizing Incomplete Self-Similarity(ISS) Technique","authors":"Rawaa Toama, M. Shamkhi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.250","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000A broad-crested weir is one of the simplest and oldest hydraulic structures.It was used to measure flow regulate flow depth and control flood passage. Open channel flow measurement requirements are based on the experiments performed to evaluate the empirical discharge coefficients and equations. The aim of this study is to develop the stage-discharge relationships using incomplete self-similarity theory and traditional methods for calculating the discharge coefficient (Cds) and to determine which method is the most effective. All experiments were carried out in a channel with a cross-section of (0.5 × 0.5) m and a length of 15 m. 125 experiments were carried out on 25 physical models of a broad crested weir with a rounded edge, under submerged flow conditions. The results showed, after comparing the two methods, and by calculating the mean absolute relative error (MARE) for discharges . It is equal to (4.25%) using the incomplete self-similarity theory, and it is equal to (7.05) by using the traditional method. Thus, the incomplete self-similarity formula is more accurate than the other method.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128768685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.307
M. Kareem, M. Shamkhi
The essential objective of this study is the development of an appropriate model to obtain the low cost optimization design of the sewage network. The complexity and the huge number of discrete and non-linear constraints in problems of sewage system design make their treatment important. For this aim, an adaptive model of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) of efficient and effective optimization design with a consistent layout is proposed. The MATLAB code was used to optimize the sewage network for the Al Jafriya neighborhood and Al Kut commercial center. Spectral analysis of the Tigris River was also carried out for the area of the estuaries of the studied network to find out the extent of pollution due to the network being a joint network (rain and sewage). According to the obtained results, the developed model achieved the optimum solution with the minimum cost and least generations number. It can be also noticed that the estuaries of the studied storm system have a significant influence on the quality of the river water. Thus, this research proposes the implementation and management of an isolated sewage system that is routed to wastewater treatment plants.
{"title":"Optimal design of sewage networks for Al-Jaffryah Quarter and Al-Kut Trade Center using genetic algorithms and spectral analysis of the river to know the effect of network waste.","authors":"M. Kareem, M. Shamkhi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.307","url":null,"abstract":"The essential objective of this study is the development of an appropriate model to obtain the low cost optimization design of the sewage network. The complexity and the huge number of discrete and non-linear constraints in problems of sewage system design make their treatment important. For this aim, an adaptive model of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) of efficient and effective optimization design with a consistent layout is proposed. The MATLAB code was used to optimize the sewage network for the Al Jafriya neighborhood and Al Kut commercial center. Spectral analysis of the Tigris River was also carried out for the area of the estuaries of the studied network to find out the extent of pollution due to the network being a joint network (rain and sewage). According to the obtained results, the developed model achieved the optimum solution with the minimum cost and least generations number. It can be also noticed that the estuaries of the studied storm system have a significant influence on the quality of the river water. Thus, this research proposes the implementation and management of an isolated sewage system that is routed to wastewater treatment plants.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114324580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.297
Noor Alzubaidi, Ismael Sharhan Hubri
Abstract The thought of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are given as a potential radio access method for versatile correspondence networks past the fourth era (4G). As opposed to current long haul development radio access procedures, non-symmetrical different access involves the power space for client multiplexing at the transmitter and utilizations a successive obstruction dropping recipient as the pattern collector conspire, considering future cell phone advancement. Non-symmetrical different access is feasible to serve various clients simultaneously and recurrence. For 5G wireless communication networks, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and millimeter wave (mm-Wave) communications are interesting technologies. The performance of partially connected hybrid beamforming (PC-H-BF), a low-cost partially connected hybrid beamforming (H-BF) with a quick convergence sub-optimal power allocation algorithm, was explored in this work. A low-cost hybrid beam forming technique, as well as a dynamic threshold users' grouping mechanism, were created. In addition, to boost information flow, the sub-optimal inert-beam and intra-beam dynamic power allocation tasks are implemented using a low-complexity iterative maximization technique.
{"title":"Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Dynamic Power Allocation in 5G Networks","authors":"Noor Alzubaidi, Ismael Sharhan Hubri","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.297","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000The thought of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are given as a potential radio access method for versatile correspondence networks past the fourth era (4G). As opposed to current long haul development radio access procedures, non-symmetrical different access involves the power space for client multiplexing at the transmitter and utilizations a successive obstruction dropping recipient as the pattern collector conspire, considering future cell phone advancement. Non-symmetrical different access is feasible to serve various clients simultaneously and recurrence. For 5G wireless communication networks, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and millimeter wave (mm-Wave) communications are interesting technologies. The performance of partially connected hybrid beamforming (PC-H-BF), a low-cost partially connected hybrid beamforming (H-BF) with a quick convergence sub-optimal power allocation algorithm, was explored in this work. A low-cost hybrid beam forming technique, as well as a dynamic threshold users' grouping mechanism, were created. In addition, to boost information flow, the sub-optimal inert-beam and intra-beam dynamic power allocation tasks are implemented using a low-complexity iterative maximization technique.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116542845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.247
Teba Nassir Sultan, M. Farhan, Haider ALRkabi
The effects of various environmental factors have been studied on the efficiency of the PV module as an essential part of the work and how to enhance its efficiency by reducing the influences environmental factors. The study deals with the efficiency of PV module and how to calculate and improve them. The measurements were made from December 2020 to August 2021 at 9 am to 5 pm for the weather of the city of Nasiriyah. The examination a single PV module is used, which gave an PMAX equal to 10 Watt. The most important has been studied on the PV is the temperature, whenever its grateful that led to decline in the output voltage and slight decrease in the output current. The output current PV module increased when the rise in the solar irradiance. To mitigate the impact of this factor, air cooling and water cooling had been used through cooling techniques by using DC fan, cooling blocks and water douche. It is clear that from our work we have improve efficiency of the module during the hot weather by 18% from using (air cooling and water cooling) techniques together. For another factors, such as dust, shadow, and exhaust smoke, showed factors no less an important factor should be besides temperature. The greater the quantity of these effects on the surface of the PV module, the more reduce in its efficiency. The influence of these factors appears to significantly reduce the output current due to its blocking of solar irradiance from PV module led to drop in the output voltage.
{"title":"Study the effect of Environmental Factors on the performance of Photovoltaic Module","authors":"Teba Nassir Sultan, M. Farhan, Haider ALRkabi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.247","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of various environmental factors have been studied on the efficiency of the PV module as an essential part of the work and how to enhance its efficiency by reducing the influences environmental factors. The study deals with the efficiency of PV module and how to calculate and improve them. The measurements were made from December 2020 to August 2021 at 9 am to 5 pm for the weather of the city of Nasiriyah. The examination a single PV module is used, which gave an PMAX equal to 10 Watt. The most important has been studied on the PV is the temperature, whenever its grateful that led to decline in the output voltage and slight decrease in the output current. The output current PV module increased when the rise in the solar irradiance. To mitigate the impact of this factor, air cooling and water cooling had been used through cooling techniques by using DC fan, cooling blocks and water douche. It is clear that from our work we have improve efficiency of the module during the hot weather by 18% from using (air cooling and water cooling) techniques together. For another factors, such as dust, shadow, and exhaust smoke, showed factors no less an important factor should be besides temperature. The greater the quantity of these effects on the surface of the PV module, the more reduce in its efficiency. The influence of these factors appears to significantly reduce the output current due to its blocking of solar irradiance from PV module led to drop in the output voltage.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121839296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.240
Nabaa ali jasim, Haider ALRkabi
In this article, an open source monitoring system based on Internet of Thing (IoT) is designed to monitor electrical energy consumption. This system provides real-time information about energy consumption over time. To implement this system, sensors were used to measure data, a Raspberry as an application server to display and store data, and microcontrollers to collect information. The process of data transfer via the Internet using the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT (protocol between the microcontroller and the server. Through the experimental results obtained from the proposed system, the voltage, current, active power and power consumption were successfully recorded.
{"title":"Design and Implementation a Smart System for Monitoring the Electrical Energy based on the Internet of Things","authors":"Nabaa ali jasim, Haider ALRkabi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.240","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an open source monitoring system based on Internet of Thing (IoT) is designed to monitor electrical energy consumption. This system provides real-time information about energy consumption over time. To implement this system, sensors were used to measure data, a Raspberry as an application server to display and store data, and microcontrollers to collect information. The process of data transfer via the Internet using the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT (protocol between the microcontroller and the server. Through the experimental results obtained from the proposed system, the voltage, current, active power and power consumption were successfully recorded.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121425323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.264
S. Hashim, H. Abdullah
Thermal insulation in the building walls is an important factor to reduce heat transfer from the external environment, thus reducing the demand for air conditioning and achieving thermal comfort. In order to improve the thermal performance of building walls, the present work aims to construct hollow (double) walls experimentally; which are made of several air layers separated by thin aluminum sheets, and to find the extent of their impact on improving or reducing heat gain. Tests were conducted on a model room of sandwich panel with dimensions of 2 m length and 2 m width, and 2.4 m height (32.5 latitudes) in kut city, Iraq, in August. A hole was drilled in the southwest wall with the following dimensions: (1 m long, 0.3 m wide). Three models of hollow walls with a 6 cm air gap were built in this hole; one was left with a 6 cm air gap (without dividing), the second was divided into two parts by placing a thin sheet of aluminum 1 mm thick, and the third wall's air gap was divided into three parts by placing two thin sheets of aluminum. The experimental results showed that the quantity of heat gain was lowered when the air layers were increased. The heat gain decrease was 11.5 % and 21 %, respectively, when comparing the wall with a cavity of 6 cm (without splitting) with the two walls in which the air gap was divided into two and three layers.
{"title":"Thermal insulation of walls by using multiple air gaps separated by aluminum sheets","authors":"S. Hashim, H. Abdullah","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.264","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal insulation in the building walls is an important factor to reduce heat transfer from the external environment, thus reducing the demand for air conditioning and achieving thermal comfort. In order to improve the thermal performance of building walls, the present work aims to construct hollow (double) walls experimentally; which are made of several air layers separated by thin aluminum sheets, and to find the extent of their impact on improving or reducing heat gain. Tests were conducted on a model room of sandwich panel with dimensions of 2 m length and 2 m width, and 2.4 m height (32.5 latitudes) in kut city, Iraq, in August. A hole was drilled in the southwest wall with the following dimensions: (1 m long, 0.3 m wide). Three models of hollow walls with a 6 cm air gap were built in this hole; one was left with a 6 cm air gap (without dividing), the second was divided into two parts by placing a thin sheet of aluminum 1 mm thick, and the third wall's air gap was divided into three parts by placing two thin sheets of aluminum. The experimental results showed that the quantity of heat gain was lowered when the air layers were increased. The heat gain decrease was 11.5 % and 21 %, respectively, when comparing the wall with a cavity of 6 cm (without splitting) with the two walls in which the air gap was divided into two and three layers.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121251715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.288
Ban Ghulam ridha ali, Zena Khalefa Kadhim
In this paper, the heat transfer enhancement in a counter-flow double pipe heat exchanger with longitudinal rectangular fins on the outer surface of the inner tube was numerically investigated by ANSYS 20.R1 software using CFD package and finite volume method. Hot water flows in the inner tube at 60℃ while cold water flows in the outer tube at 25℃. The flow is laminar with five mass flow rates from 0.012kg/s to 0.02kg/s) for hot side and from 0.01kg/s to 0.03kg/s for cold side. Two types of nanoparticles Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ have been added to produce nanofluids as heat transfer fluid in the external channel (cold fluid flow) with four different concentrations from 0.04% to 1%. Results showed, as the concentration of Nanofluids increased, the heat transfer rate also increased. At 1% concentration, the maximum heat transfer coefficient was belonged to Al₂O₃/water nanofluid by 22.3% enhancement in comparison with distilled water, while the SiO₂/water nanofluid has enhancement of 19% in heat transfer coefficient in comparison with the distilled water. Both nanofluids show higher pressure drop compared with distilled water where the SiO₂/water nanofluid gives a higher drop of (33.2%), while the Al₂O₃/water nanofluid has (32.1%) of the pressure drop.
{"title":"Analysis study of nano fluids and longitudinal fins on the heat transfer in the counter flow double pipe heat exchanger","authors":"Ban Ghulam ridha ali, Zena Khalefa Kadhim","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.288","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the heat transfer enhancement in a counter-flow double pipe heat exchanger with longitudinal rectangular fins on the outer surface of the inner tube was numerically investigated by ANSYS 20.R1 software using CFD package and finite volume method. Hot water flows in the inner tube at 60℃ while cold water flows in the outer tube at 25℃. The flow is laminar with five mass flow rates from 0.012kg/s to 0.02kg/s) for hot side and from 0.01kg/s to 0.03kg/s for cold side. Two types of nanoparticles Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ have been added to produce nanofluids as heat transfer fluid in the external channel (cold fluid flow) with four different concentrations from 0.04% to 1%. Results showed, as the concentration of Nanofluids increased, the heat transfer rate also increased. At 1% concentration, the maximum heat transfer coefficient was belonged to Al₂O₃/water nanofluid by 22.3% enhancement in comparison with distilled water, while the SiO₂/water nanofluid has enhancement of 19% in heat transfer coefficient in comparison with the distilled water. Both nanofluids show higher pressure drop compared with distilled water where the SiO₂/water nanofluid gives a higher drop of (33.2%), while the Al₂O₃/water nanofluid has (32.1%) of the pressure drop.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124397769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.286
Intisar AL-Shaeli, L. Hburi
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as promising contenders for enabling sixth-generation (6G) physical wireless platforms. RISs fine-tune wireless networks to optimize the spectrum and energy use. This article explores the design challenge of a joint beamforming strategy for increasing throughput at the AP and RIS sides. To address this challenging problem, we created an iterative algorithm, that makes use of the Duality Theory and the Alternating Optimization technique called the DAO algorithm. Due to the given problem's non-convexity and difficulty with variable coupling, the proposed Algorithm divides the optimization problem of the coupled variables into four distinct optimization sub-problems by introducing new supporting variables. The alternate optimization strategy handles the issue sequentially by iteratively updating these new variables, the active beamformer, and the non-active beamformer. Finally, the simulation results indicate that we achieve about a 30% spectrum boost over the standard network without RIS for a certain system and circumstances scenario.
{"title":"Spectral Efficiency Enhancement for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted MIMO System","authors":"Intisar AL-Shaeli, L. Hburi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.286","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as promising contenders for enabling sixth-generation (6G) physical wireless platforms. RISs fine-tune wireless networks to optimize the spectrum and energy use. This article explores the design challenge of a joint beamforming strategy for increasing throughput at the AP and RIS sides. To address this challenging problem, we created an iterative algorithm, that makes use of the Duality Theory and the Alternating Optimization technique called the DAO algorithm. Due to the given problem's non-convexity and difficulty with variable coupling, the proposed Algorithm divides the optimization problem of the coupled variables into four distinct optimization sub-problems by introducing new supporting variables. The alternate optimization strategy handles the issue sequentially by iteratively updating these new variables, the active beamformer, and the non-active beamformer. Finally, the simulation results indicate that we achieve about a 30% spectrum boost over the standard network without RIS for a certain system and circumstances scenario.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127155384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.261
Ruqaya Razzaq Rustum, Abdulsalam D. Al-Nadawi
With the development of building construction engineering and the way to obtain energy from natural sources, the sun has become an important source to avail from thermal energy. In this research, the study of the long-term thermal performance of a passive solar heating system containing an absorber and storage wall was done by using the general design utilizability Method The equations of the mathematical model for this system were solved using the MATLAB environment program. In order to calculate the values of the solar refractive index (f) for this system for the four months of the winter season (November to February). The climatic conditions during these months are the daily values based on the monthly average in the city of Kut (Iraq). Since the best type of wall is the concrete wall, changes are made to this type of wall. A number of variables that affect the performance of the wall have been changed, including in it = wall area, wall thickness. The results showed that increasing the wall area and decreasing the thickness leads to an increase in the value of the solar refractive index, and the maximum values of the solar refractive factor were found during November, and the concrete material is the best performing material among brick and stone material, according to previous studies.
{"title":"Using the utility method - F-scheme in studying the long-term thermal performance of the heat-storage and transmitting wall (Trombe wall)","authors":"Ruqaya Razzaq Rustum, Abdulsalam D. Al-Nadawi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.261","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of building construction engineering and the way to obtain energy from natural sources, the sun has become an important source to avail from thermal energy. In this research, the study of the long-term thermal performance of a passive solar heating system containing an absorber and storage wall was done by using the general design utilizability Method The equations of the mathematical model for this system were solved using the MATLAB environment program. In order to calculate the values of the solar refractive index (f) for this system for the four months of the winter season (November to February). The climatic conditions during these months are the daily values based on the monthly average in the city of Kut (Iraq). Since the best type of wall is the concrete wall, changes are made to this type of wall. A number of variables that affect the performance of the wall have been changed, including in it = wall area, wall thickness. The results showed that increasing the wall area and decreasing the thickness leads to an increase in the value of the solar refractive index, and the maximum values of the solar refractive factor were found during November, and the concrete material is the best performing material among brick and stone material, according to previous studies.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127597500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：